2026版《决胜蓝图》专题一 文体篇 9 文体四 议论文——议论剖析树卓识，有理有据绎推演（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习
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| 名称 | 2026版《决胜蓝图》专题一 文体篇 9 文体四 议论文——议论剖析树卓识，有理有据绎推演（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习 |
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| 更新时间 | 2026-03-19 00:00:00 | ||
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文体四 议论文——议论剖析树卓识，有理有据绎推演
议论文是一种通过剖析和论述事理，发表意见或提出主张的文体。
1．选材及内容：议论文文体的文章通常选自国外网站、期刊、杂志或书籍，往往关乎人类生存和发展的社会、经济、人文及自然等热点话题。
2．语言特点及结构：语篇本身理解难度较大，包含较多生僻词汇和长难句；但是观点明确、结构明确(总—分—总或总—分)。
3．写作手法：议论文通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非、举例子等方法，来确定某观点正确或错误，支持或反对某种主张。
4．三要素：论点(即文章的中心)、论据(即支持中心的素材)和论证(即证明论点的方法和过程)。
论点 中心论点：作者在文章中所持的主要观点或主张
分论点：用来补充和证明中心论点(并非每篇议论文都有)
论据 理论论据：名人名言、定律原理、俗语、谚语等
事实论据：客观事实、具体事例、数字等
论证 立论：直接提出见解和主张并阐明理由 归纳法：特殊具体实例到一般原理
演绎法：一般原理到特殊具体实例
驳论：驳斥反方论点并证明正方论点 比较法：几个事物或同一事物的几个方面的比较
高频设题 策略解读
主旨大意题 及标题归 纳题 议论文的主旨大意往往出现在文章的开头(第一段或第二段)；注意关注however、but等表示转折的词汇，其后往往就是要论证的观点
观点态度题 关注作者的态度或其在文中提及的人物的观点或态度
[特别注意]
1．题目的设置往往遵循语篇的顺序。因此，应按照语篇顺序查找答案出处。
2．文章理解难度较大时，题目难度往往相对较小。因此，只要稳定心态，按照题干中的关键词浏览文章，就可从原文中找到答案。
01
真题感悟 考向研悟
【2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C】
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties.With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Seem unlikely to last. B.Seem hard to explain.
C.Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice.
√
29．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C.People select digital texts randomly.
D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.
√
30．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A.They can hold students' attention.
B.They are more convenient to prepare.
C.They help develop advanced skills.
D.They are more informative than text.
√
31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
√
【解题思路】
抓论点、找论据
阅读议论文我们要抓住论点，即作者提出的观点或对所论述问题的见解和主张。抓住了论点，我们就抓住了文章的中心。
注重文章结构，理清文章脉络
把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。常见的议论文中的递进式结构有以下两类：
(1)Put forward a question→Analyze the question→Solve the question即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。
(2)Argument/Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restating the idea即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
体会文章的语言特点，把握作者的写作态度，准确进行推理判断
一般来说，作者总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在做推理判断时，我们一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。
在做阅读理解议论文的细节理解题时，应注意使用“定位原文”“同义替换”和“因果分析”等技巧
【解题流程】
本文是一篇议论文。作者论述了纸质阅读与数字阅读在理解和记忆方面的优劣，强调了纸质阅读对深度学习和记忆的重要性。
第28题是词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，从提出简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时，有纸化学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。由此可推知，画线词意为“容易被人注意到”。
第29题是细节理解题，可采用“同义替换”技巧。根据第四段中的“According to this theory...which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort when they are reading print.”和选项A是同义替换。
第30题是细节理解题，可用“因果分析”技巧。根据第五段中的“Audio and video can feel more engaging...these technologies”和一般的逻辑思维可知，so一词前面说的应是某件事情的原因，后面是结果，故“音频和视频比文本更有吸引力，更能吸引学生”导致了“大学教师越来越多地使用音频和视频”，前因后果一目了然。
第31题是推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, for maximizing learning...even when they contain identical words.”及倒数第二段的最后一句可推知，作者强调的是纸质化学习在教育领域中的不可替代性。
02
当堂即练 精准提升
Ⅰ.挑战地道外刊
题源：The Wall Street Journal
When it comes to understanding what happens to people as they go through life, getting a complete picture of their choices, paths, and outcomes is nearly impossible. Most of what we know about human life comes from people recalling the past, but memories are often unreliable. As time passes, details fade, and research shows that recalling an event can even alter our memory of it.
But what if we could observe entire lives as they unfold What if we could study people from their teenage years all the way into old age to understand what truly influences a person's health and happiness For 85 years, the Harvard Study of Adult Development has done just that. This study has tracked an original group of 724 men and over 1，300 of their descendants across three generations, asking thousands of questions and taking numerous measurements to uncover what keeps people healthy and happy.
Throughout this study, participants underwent regular medical exams, psychological assessments, and interviews. Researchers also gathered information about their relationships, careers, and overall life satisfaction. By comparing this data over the decades, the study was able to identify patterns that could predict who would live longer, healthier lives. One experiment within the study involved tracking the stress levels of participants over a period of time and comparing them to their social connections. The findings revealed that those with stronger, more positive relationships had lower stress levels and better health outcomes, even when faced with significant life challenges.
Through all these years, one crucial factor consistently stands out for its strong connection to physical health, mental well-being, and longevity. Surprisingly, it's not career success, exercise, or a healthy diet—although these things do matter. The one thing that continually proves its importance is good relationships.
In fact, close personal connections are so significant that if we were to distill all 85 years of the Harvard Study into one key principle, it would be this: Good relationships keep us healthier and happier. Cultivating warm relationships of all kinds is the best decision you can make for your well-being.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论证了社会关系对健康和幸福的重要性。
1．Why memories can be unreliable according to the passage
A.People tend to recall only the positive aspects of their past.
B.Recalling an event can actually change how we remember it.
C.Memories improve over time with repeated recall.
D.Memories are always influenced by other people's recollections.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As time passes, details fade...alter our memory of it.”可知，文章提到记忆不可靠是因为回忆某个事件实际上会改变我们对它的记忆。
√
2．What can be inferred from the experiment mentioned in the passage
A.Participants with no friends were more likely to experience high stress levels.
B.Recalling an event changes how participants perceive it.
C.Stress levels were unaffected by the participants' relationships.
D.The experiment revealed that having a large social network is the only factor in reducing stress.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句及第四段最后一句可推知，社交关系较差(例如没有朋友)的参与者更有可能经历高水平的压力和较差的健康状况。
3．What does the underlined word “distill” in the last paragraph most likely mean
A.Simplify. B．Complicate.
C.Ignore. D．Expand.
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“In fact...key principle”可知，此处是指如果我们要把长达 85 年的哈佛成人发展研究提炼成一个关键原则。“distill”应意为“简化、浓缩”，与simplify同义。
√
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.The Connection of Memory and Health：Research Insights
B.The Power of Social Connections: Insights from the Harvard Study
C.How Diet and Relationship Connect to Longevity: Study Findings
D.Connecting Aging and Health: Lessons from Scientific Studies
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章的核心内容集中在哈佛成人发展研究揭示的社会关系对健康和幸福的重要性。B项最适合作文章的标题。
√
When it comes to 1. ________________(understand) what happens to people as they go through life, getting a complete picture of their choices, paths, and outcomes 2. ________(be) nearly impossible. Most of 3. ________we know about human life comes from people recalling the past, but memories are often unreliable. As time passes, details fade, and research shows that recalling an event can even alter our memory of it.
understanding
is
what
For 85 years, the Harvard Study of Adult Development has done just that. This study has tracked an 4. ________________(origin) group of 724 men and over 1，300 of their 5. ________________(descendant) across three generations, asking thousands of questions and taking numerous measurements 6. ________________(uncover) what keeps people healthy and happy. The findings revealed that those 7. ________ stronger, more positive relationships had lower stress levels and better health outcomes, even when 8. ________(face) with significant life challenges.
original
descendants
to uncover
with
faced
Through all these years, one crucial factor 9. _________(consistent) stands out for its strong connection to physical health, mental well being, and longevity. Surprisingly, it's not career success, exercise, or a healthy diet—although these things do matter. The one thing 10.________ continually proves its importance is good relationships.
consistently
that
Ⅱ.模拟实战演练
A
(2024·盘锦一模)When children are growing up, what
they see in their families is what they tend to consider
normal. That means family traditions and other activities are generally seen as just normal. If a family eats dinner together or spends time talking with each other, that's what the child absorbs and internalizes.
Our family traditions are declining as we move toward a more isolated society. How many families no longer share meals around the dinner table, instead choosing to watch TV or text friends on their phones This tends to isolate and disconnect family members from each other. It also stops families from communicating and catching up on each other's lives.
For those of us who grew up in a household where families shared meals together and spent time talking with each other, chances are that we are passing along those traditions to our own families. The problem is, children today often want to spend their time in front of screens rather than people. Cell phones, computers and other attention grabbing devices often mean parents get resistance to traditional family togetherness time. This pressure can lead to parents giving in and letting children do what they want rather than fight with them over sitting at the dinner table. This creates a new normal that no longer values the idea of families and the society at large, connecting with each other.
Family and community traditions are important, not just for the current shared experiences, but for the future as well. Since children internalize their experiences, that means generations to come may not know what it's like to sit together around the dinner table and truly connect as a family.
That is why it is so important that parents and caregivers create boundaries of behavior that help to keep family traditions alive. If you remember the shared experiences you had with your parents and grandparents, you know the important bonding that took place during those times. It is this shared experience that brings people closer together and is well worth preserving.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了在当今社会中家庭传统日益减少的问题，强调了家庭和社会传统的重要性，并呼吁父母和照顾者设定行为界限，以保持这些传统的活力。
1．What is the phenomenon the author describes at the beginning of the passage
A.The increase in shared family meals means a shift towards isolation.
B.Increased use of technology replaces traditional family interactions.
C.More and more children prefer to spend quality time with the family.
D.Family members are more likely to share their updates with each other.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者在文章开篇描述了诸如电视、手机之类的科技替代了传统的家庭互动。
2．What is the central concern expressed in paragraph 3
A.The inability of parents to understand technology.
B.The challenge of preserving traditional family values.
C.The influence of technology on children's education.
D.The necessity of controlling children's digital devices.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The problem is, children today often want to spend their time in front of screens rather than...connecting with each other.”可知，第三段中表达的担忧是孩子们不再重视家庭和整个社会的相互联系，这是传统的家庭价值观面对的来自科技的挑战。
3．What can be inferred about future generations if current trends continue
A.They will be more addicted to advanced technology.
B.They will maintain stronger and closer family bonds.
C.They may create new and irreplaceable family traditions.
D.They may not understand the value of family gatherings.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Since children...not know what it's like to sit together around the dinner table and truly connect as a family.”可推知，如果目前的趋势继续下去，未来几代人将不理解家庭聚会的价值。
4．How does the author view the role of parents in preserving family traditions
A.Insignificant. B．Irresponsible.
C.Crucial. D．Overemphasized.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“That is why it is so important that parents and caregivers...keep family traditions alive.”可知，作者认为父母在维护家庭传统方面起着至关重要的作用。
√
B
(2024·绵阳三模)According to most people, after a long period of studying or working, we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves. However, that may not be the case. According to a recent report, you don't need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back a task when you're feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people's beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they'll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on，” said Prof. Veronika Job.
The researchers designed four experiments to test students' beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation.
Mr. Job said，“The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting. A belief in willpower as a non－limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”
The findings could help people who are battling temptation. Willpower isn't driven by a biologically based process as much as we used think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了心理学家挑战了“意志力资源有限”这一传统理论，指出人们的信念会影响意志力表现，相信意志力不受限制的人在任务中表现更好，这一发现对帮助人们抵抗诱惑有重要意义。
5．What does the underlined word “restore” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.To make something return to its previous situation or condition.
B.To put things in a certain place.
C.To give back to someone something that was lost or taken from them.
D.To repair an old building, piece of furniture, or painting and so on.
√
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，科学家们认为恢复意志力的唯一方式是休息、进食或娱乐。因此，restore在此处意为“将某物恢复到先前的情况或状态”。
6．According to the passage, which one is TRUE
A.In the experiments, the ones who believe in limited willpower performed better.
B.In the experiments, the ones who believe in unlimited willpower performed better.
C.Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food less than the ones believed in unlimited willpower.
D.Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food as many as the ones believed in unlimited willpower.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource...they had more control over.”可知，相信意志力不受限制的人在实验中表现更好。
7．Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams
A.Push themselves even if they want to take a break.
B.Tell themselves that willpower is not limited.
C.Don't eat fast food while studying.
D.Stay in a comfortable and quiet place.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“A belief in willpower as a non－limited resource...to work through challenges.”可推知，告诉学生们意志力不受限制能够帮助他们更好地准备考试。
8．What's the best title for the passage
A.Willpower Doesn't Last Long
B.How to Build Strong Willpower
C.The Great Influence of Willpower
D.A New Theory About Willpower
√
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容、第三段中的“They found that people's beliefs in willpower...Prof. Veronika Job.”及倒数第二段中的“A belief in willpower...in their ability to work through challenges.”可知，文章论述了心理学家对意志力资源有限这一理论的挑战，并提出了新的观点，即“相信意志力是一种不受限制的资源，会让人们更有能力应对挑战”。因此，D项最适合作文章标题。
高考必备词汇 [外刊]recall v. 回忆；想起 track v. 追踪；监测 participant n. 参与者 interview n. 面谈 predict v. 预测 reveal v. 揭示；透露 (be) faced with 面临…… stand out突出 principle n. 原则 [A篇]tend to倾向于；往往 decline v. 下降；减少 catch up on了解 household n. 一家人；家庭 device n. 设备 resistance n. 抵制；抵抗 at large整个；全部 to come未来的 boundary n. 界限 bonding n. 亲密关系
高考必 备词汇 [B篇]refresh v. 使恢复精力 snack n. 零食；点心 entertainment n. 娱乐 determine v. 决定 tough adj. 艰难的；棘手的 use up用完 concentration n. 专心；专注
四六级桥 梁词汇 [外刊]fade v. 逐渐消失；变得模糊 alter v. 改变 descendant n. 后代；子孙 undergo v. 经历；经受 longevity n. 长寿 [A篇]internalize v. 使内在化 isolated adj. 孤立的 [B篇]temptation n. 诱惑
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]unreliable adj. 不可靠的 unfold v. 展开 measurement n. 测量；评估 assessment n. 评估；评价 consistently adv. 一致地 [A篇]disconnect v. 切断；使分离 attention-grabbing adj. 引人注目的 togetherness n. 和睦相处；亲密无间 caregiver n. 看护者 [B篇]willpower n. 意志力 biologically adv. 生物学地
熟词 生义 [外刊]cultivate (熟义) v. 耕作；栽培 (文章义) v. 建立；发展 [A篇]text (熟义)n. 文本 (文章义) v. 发短信 normal (熟义) adj. 正常的 (文章义) n. 常态 [B篇]drive (熟义) v. 驾驶 (文章义) v. 驱动；由……引起
长难句 分析 [外刊]When it comes to understanding what happens to people as they go through life, getting a complete picture of their choices, paths, and outcomes is nearly impossible.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中what引导宾语从句，as引导时间状语从句；主句的主语为动名词短语getting a complete picture of their choices, paths, and outcomes。
[译文] 当谈到理解人们在一生中会发生什么时，要全面了解他们的选择、道路和结果几乎是不可能的。
长难句 分析 [A篇]For those of us who grew up in a household where families shared meals together and spent time talking with each other, chances are that we are passing along those traditions to our own families.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those of us；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词household；“chances are that...”为固定句型，意为“可能……”。
[译文] 对于我们这些在家人一起吃饭、花时间相互交谈的家庭中长大的人来说，我们很可能正在把那些传统传递给我们自己的家人。
文体四 议论文——议论剖析树卓识，有理有据绎推演
议论文是一种通过剖析和论述事理，发表意见或提出主张的文体。
1．选材及内容：议论文文体的文章通常选自国外网站、期刊、杂志或书籍，往往关乎人类生存和发展的社会、经济、人文及自然等热点话题。
2．语言特点及结构：语篇本身理解难度较大，包含较多生僻词汇和长难句；但是观点明确、结构明确(总—分—总或总—分)。
3．写作手法：议论文通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非、举例子等方法，来确定某观点正确或错误，支持或反对某种主张。
4．三要素：论点(即文章的中心)、论据(即支持中心的素材)和论证(即证明论点的方法和过程)。
论点 中心论点：作者在文章中所持的主要观点或主张
分论点：用来补充和证明中心论点(并非每篇议论文都有)
论据 理论论据：名人名言、定律原理、俗语、谚语等
事实论据：客观事实、具体事例、数字等
论证 立论：直接提出见解和主张并阐明理由 归纳法：特殊具体实例到一般原理
演绎法：一般原理到特殊具体实例
驳论：驳斥反方论点并证明正方论点 比较法：几个事物或同一事物的几个方面的比较
高频设题 策略解读
主旨大意题 及标题归 纳题 议论文的主旨大意往往出现在文章的开头(第一段或第二段)；注意关注however、but等表示转折的词汇，其后往往就是要论证的观点
观点态度题 关注作者的态度或其在文中提及的人物的观点或态度
[特别注意]
1．题目的设置往往遵循语篇的顺序。因此，应按照语篇顺序查找答案出处。
2．文章理解难度较大时，题目难度往往相对较小。因此，只要稳定心态，按照题干中的关键词浏览文章，就可从原文中找到答案。
01
真题感悟 考向研悟
【2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C】
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties.With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Seem unlikely to last. B.Seem hard to explain.
C.Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice.
√
29．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C.People select digital texts randomly.
D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.
√
30．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A.They can hold students' attention.
B.They are more convenient to prepare.
C.They help develop advanced skills.
D.They are more informative than text.
√
31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
√
【解题思路】
抓论点、找论据
阅读议论文我们要抓住论点，即作者提出的观点或对所论述问题的见解和主张。抓住了论点，我们就抓住了文章的中心。
注重文章结构，理清文章脉络
把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解。常见的议论文中的递进式结构有以下两类：
(1)Put forward a question→Analyze the question→Solve the question即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。
(2)Argument/Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restating the idea即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
体会文章的语言特点，把握作者的写作态度，准确进行推理判断
一般来说，作者总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在做推理判断时，我们一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。
在做阅读理解议论文的细节理解题时，应注意使用“定位原文”“同义替换”和“因果分析”等技巧
【解题流程】
本文是一篇议论文。作者论述了纸质阅读与数字阅读在理解和记忆方面的优劣，强调了纸质阅读对深度学习和记忆的重要性。
第28题是词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，从提出简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时，有纸化学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。由此可推知，画线词意为“容易被人注意到”。
第29题是细节理解题，可采用“同义替换”技巧。根据第四段中的“According to this theory...which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort when they are reading print.”和选项A是同义替换。
第30题是细节理解题，可用“因果分析”技巧。根据第五段中的“Audio and video can feel more engaging...these technologies”和一般的逻辑思维可知，so一词前面说的应是某件事情的原因，后面是结果，故“音频和视频比文本更有吸引力，更能吸引学生”导致了“大学教师越来越多地使用音频和视频”，前因后果一目了然。
第31题是推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, for maximizing learning...even when they contain identical words.”及倒数第二段的最后一句可推知，作者强调的是纸质化学习在教育领域中的不可替代性。
02
当堂即练 精准提升
Ⅰ.挑战地道外刊
题源：The Wall Street Journal
When it comes to understanding what happens to people as they go through life, getting a complete picture of their choices, paths, and outcomes is nearly impossible. Most of what we know about human life comes from people recalling the past, but memories are often unreliable. As time passes, details fade, and research shows that recalling an event can even alter our memory of it.
But what if we could observe entire lives as they unfold What if we could study people from their teenage years all the way into old age to understand what truly influences a person's health and happiness For 85 years, the Harvard Study of Adult Development has done just that. This study has tracked an original group of 724 men and over 1，300 of their descendants across three generations, asking thousands of questions and taking numerous measurements to uncover what keeps people healthy and happy.
Throughout this study, participants underwent regular medical exams, psychological assessments, and interviews. Researchers also gathered information about their relationships, careers, and overall life satisfaction. By comparing this data over the decades, the study was able to identify patterns that could predict who would live longer, healthier lives. One experiment within the study involved tracking the stress levels of participants over a period of time and comparing them to their social connections. The findings revealed that those with stronger, more positive relationships had lower stress levels and better health outcomes, even when faced with significant life challenges.
Through all these years, one crucial factor consistently stands out for its strong connection to physical health, mental well-being, and longevity. Surprisingly, it's not career success, exercise, or a healthy diet—although these things do matter. The one thing that continually proves its importance is good relationships.
In fact, close personal connections are so significant that if we were to distill all 85 years of the Harvard Study into one key principle, it would be this: Good relationships keep us healthier and happier. Cultivating warm relationships of all kinds is the best decision you can make for your well-being.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论证了社会关系对健康和幸福的重要性。
1．Why memories can be unreliable according to the passage
A.People tend to recall only the positive aspects of their past.
B.Recalling an event can actually change how we remember it.
C.Memories improve over time with repeated recall.
D.Memories are always influenced by other people's recollections.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As time passes, details fade...alter our memory of it.”可知，文章提到记忆不可靠是因为回忆某个事件实际上会改变我们对它的记忆。
√
2．What can be inferred from the experiment mentioned in the passage
A.Participants with no friends were more likely to experience high stress levels.
B.Recalling an event changes how participants perceive it.
C.Stress levels were unaffected by the participants' relationships.
D.The experiment revealed that having a large social network is the only factor in reducing stress.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句及第四段最后一句可推知，社交关系较差(例如没有朋友)的参与者更有可能经历高水平的压力和较差的健康状况。
3．What does the underlined word “distill” in the last paragraph most likely mean
A.Simplify. B．Complicate.
C.Ignore. D．Expand.
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“In fact...key principle”可知，此处是指如果我们要把长达 85 年的哈佛成人发展研究提炼成一个关键原则。“distill”应意为“简化、浓缩”，与simplify同义。
√
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.The Connection of Memory and Health：Research Insights
B.The Power of Social Connections: Insights from the Harvard Study
C.How Diet and Relationship Connect to Longevity: Study Findings
D.Connecting Aging and Health: Lessons from Scientific Studies
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章的核心内容集中在哈佛成人发展研究揭示的社会关系对健康和幸福的重要性。B项最适合作文章的标题。
√
When it comes to 1. ________________(understand) what happens to people as they go through life, getting a complete picture of their choices, paths, and outcomes 2. ________(be) nearly impossible. Most of 3. ________we know about human life comes from people recalling the past, but memories are often unreliable. As time passes, details fade, and research shows that recalling an event can even alter our memory of it.
understanding
is
what
For 85 years, the Harvard Study of Adult Development has done just that. This study has tracked an 4. ________________(origin) group of 724 men and over 1，300 of their 5. ________________(descendant) across three generations, asking thousands of questions and taking numerous measurements 6. ________________(uncover) what keeps people healthy and happy. The findings revealed that those 7. ________ stronger, more positive relationships had lower stress levels and better health outcomes, even when 8. ________(face) with significant life challenges.
original
descendants
to uncover
with
faced
Through all these years, one crucial factor 9. _________(consistent) stands out for its strong connection to physical health, mental well being, and longevity. Surprisingly, it's not career success, exercise, or a healthy diet—although these things do matter. The one thing 10.________ continually proves its importance is good relationships.
consistently
that
Ⅱ.模拟实战演练
A
(2024·盘锦一模)When children are growing up, what
they see in their families is what they tend to consider
normal. That means family traditions and other activities are generally seen as just normal. If a family eats dinner together or spends time talking with each other, that's what the child absorbs and internalizes.
Our family traditions are declining as we move toward a more isolated society. How many families no longer share meals around the dinner table, instead choosing to watch TV or text friends on their phones This tends to isolate and disconnect family members from each other. It also stops families from communicating and catching up on each other's lives.
For those of us who grew up in a household where families shared meals together and spent time talking with each other, chances are that we are passing along those traditions to our own families. The problem is, children today often want to spend their time in front of screens rather than people. Cell phones, computers and other attention grabbing devices often mean parents get resistance to traditional family togetherness time. This pressure can lead to parents giving in and letting children do what they want rather than fight with them over sitting at the dinner table. This creates a new normal that no longer values the idea of families and the society at large, connecting with each other.
Family and community traditions are important, not just for the current shared experiences, but for the future as well. Since children internalize their experiences, that means generations to come may not know what it's like to sit together around the dinner table and truly connect as a family.
That is why it is so important that parents and caregivers create boundaries of behavior that help to keep family traditions alive. If you remember the shared experiences you had with your parents and grandparents, you know the important bonding that took place during those times. It is this shared experience that brings people closer together and is well worth preserving.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了在当今社会中家庭传统日益减少的问题，强调了家庭和社会传统的重要性，并呼吁父母和照顾者设定行为界限，以保持这些传统的活力。
1．What is the phenomenon the author describes at the beginning of the passage
A.The increase in shared family meals means a shift towards isolation.
B.Increased use of technology replaces traditional family interactions.
C.More and more children prefer to spend quality time with the family.
D.Family members are more likely to share their updates with each other.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者在文章开篇描述了诸如电视、手机之类的科技替代了传统的家庭互动。
2．What is the central concern expressed in paragraph 3
A.The inability of parents to understand technology.
B.The challenge of preserving traditional family values.
C.The influence of technology on children's education.
D.The necessity of controlling children's digital devices.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The problem is, children today often want to spend their time in front of screens rather than...connecting with each other.”可知，第三段中表达的担忧是孩子们不再重视家庭和整个社会的相互联系，这是传统的家庭价值观面对的来自科技的挑战。
3．What can be inferred about future generations if current trends continue
A.They will be more addicted to advanced technology.
B.They will maintain stronger and closer family bonds.
C.They may create new and irreplaceable family traditions.
D.They may not understand the value of family gatherings.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Since children...not know what it's like to sit together around the dinner table and truly connect as a family.”可推知，如果目前的趋势继续下去，未来几代人将不理解家庭聚会的价值。
4．How does the author view the role of parents in preserving family traditions
A.Insignificant. B．Irresponsible.
C.Crucial. D．Overemphasized.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“That is why it is so important that parents and caregivers...keep family traditions alive.”可知，作者认为父母在维护家庭传统方面起着至关重要的作用。
√
B
(2024·绵阳三模)According to most people, after a long period of studying or working, we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves. However, that may not be the case. According to a recent report, you don't need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back a task when you're feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people's beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they'll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on，” said Prof. Veronika Job.
The researchers designed four experiments to test students' beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation.
Mr. Job said，“The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting. A belief in willpower as a non－limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”
The findings could help people who are battling temptation. Willpower isn't driven by a biologically based process as much as we used think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了心理学家挑战了“意志力资源有限”这一传统理论，指出人们的信念会影响意志力表现，相信意志力不受限制的人在任务中表现更好，这一发现对帮助人们抵抗诱惑有重要意义。
5．What does the underlined word “restore” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.To make something return to its previous situation or condition.
B.To put things in a certain place.
C.To give back to someone something that was lost or taken from them.
D.To repair an old building, piece of furniture, or painting and so on.
√
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，科学家们认为恢复意志力的唯一方式是休息、进食或娱乐。因此，restore在此处意为“将某物恢复到先前的情况或状态”。
6．According to the passage, which one is TRUE
A.In the experiments, the ones who believe in limited willpower performed better.
B.In the experiments, the ones who believe in unlimited willpower performed better.
C.Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food less than the ones believed in unlimited willpower.
D.Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food as many as the ones believed in unlimited willpower.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource...they had more control over.”可知，相信意志力不受限制的人在实验中表现更好。
7．Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams
A.Push themselves even if they want to take a break.
B.Tell themselves that willpower is not limited.
C.Don't eat fast food while studying.
D.Stay in a comfortable and quiet place.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“A belief in willpower as a non－limited resource...to work through challenges.”可推知，告诉学生们意志力不受限制能够帮助他们更好地准备考试。
8．What's the best title for the passage
A.Willpower Doesn't Last Long
B.How to Build Strong Willpower
C.The Great Influence of Willpower
D.A New Theory About Willpower
√
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容、第三段中的“They found that people's beliefs in willpower...Prof. Veronika Job.”及倒数第二段中的“A belief in willpower...in their ability to work through challenges.”可知，文章论述了心理学家对意志力资源有限这一理论的挑战，并提出了新的观点，即“相信意志力是一种不受限制的资源，会让人们更有能力应对挑战”。因此，D项最适合作文章标题。
高考必备词汇 [外刊]recall v. 回忆；想起 track v. 追踪；监测 participant n. 参与者 interview n. 面谈 predict v. 预测 reveal v. 揭示；透露 (be) faced with 面临…… stand out突出 principle n. 原则 [A篇]tend to倾向于；往往 decline v. 下降；减少 catch up on了解 household n. 一家人；家庭 device n. 设备 resistance n. 抵制；抵抗 at large整个；全部 to come未来的 boundary n. 界限 bonding n. 亲密关系
高考必 备词汇 [B篇]refresh v. 使恢复精力 snack n. 零食；点心 entertainment n. 娱乐 determine v. 决定 tough adj. 艰难的；棘手的 use up用完 concentration n. 专心；专注
四六级桥 梁词汇 [外刊]fade v. 逐渐消失；变得模糊 alter v. 改变 descendant n. 后代；子孙 undergo v. 经历；经受 longevity n. 长寿 [A篇]internalize v. 使内在化 isolated adj. 孤立的 [B篇]temptation n. 诱惑
合成词、 派生词 [外刊]unreliable adj. 不可靠的 unfold v. 展开 measurement n. 测量；评估 assessment n. 评估；评价 consistently adv. 一致地 [A篇]disconnect v. 切断；使分离 attention-grabbing adj. 引人注目的 togetherness n. 和睦相处；亲密无间 caregiver n. 看护者 [B篇]willpower n. 意志力 biologically adv. 生物学地
熟词 生义 [外刊]cultivate (熟义) v. 耕作；栽培 (文章义) v. 建立；发展 [A篇]text (熟义)n. 文本 (文章义) v. 发短信 normal (熟义) adj. 正常的 (文章义) n. 常态 [B篇]drive (熟义) v. 驾驶 (文章义) v. 驱动；由……引起
长难句 分析 [外刊]When it comes to understanding what happens to people as they go through life, getting a complete picture of their choices, paths, and outcomes is nearly impossible.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中what引导宾语从句，as引导时间状语从句；主句的主语为动名词短语getting a complete picture of their choices, paths, and outcomes。
[译文] 当谈到理解人们在一生中会发生什么时，要全面了解他们的选择、道路和结果几乎是不可能的。
长难句 分析 [A篇]For those of us who grew up in a household where families shared meals together and spent time talking with each other, chances are that we are passing along those traditions to our own families.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those of us；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词household；“chances are that...”为固定句型，意为“可能……”。
[译文] 对于我们这些在家人一起吃饭、花时间相互交谈的家庭中长大的人来说，我们很可能正在把那些传统传递给我们自己的家人。