2026版《决胜蓝图》专题一 文体篇 10 高考群文阅读之议论文专练（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习
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| 名称 | 2026版《决胜蓝图》专题一 文体篇 10 高考群文阅读之议论文专练（课件）英语高考大二轮专题复习 |
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| 更新时间 | 2026-03-19 00:00:00 | ||
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高考群文阅读之议论文专练
(2024·浙江卷1月阅读D)The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We're not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了“棉花糖测试”在信息化时代的概念延伸，表明信息轰炸让成年人摄入了太多“精神垃圾食品”，并建议人们做有选择的信息消费者。
32．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test
A.Take an examination alone.
B.Show respect for the researchers.
C.Share their treats with others.
D.Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃棉花糖之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。
33．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______．
A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But as we've reshaped the world around us...we know we shouldn't eat.”可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。
√
34．What does the author suggest readers do
A.Absorb new information readily.
B.Be selective information consumers.
C.Use diverse information sources.
D.Protect the information environment.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful...in order to manage our time most effectively.”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。
√
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Eat Less, Read More
B.The Bitter Truth About Early Humans
C.The Later, the Better
D.The Marshmallow Test for Grown-ups
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了“棉花糖测试”在信息化时代的概念延伸，表明信息轰炸让成年人摄入了太多“精神垃圾食品”，并建议人们做有选择的信息消费者。因此，D项最适合作文章标题。
√
(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)On March 7，1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者从几个角度探讨了群体智慧，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
32．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people's errors.
D.The design of Galton's experiment.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的底层逻辑。
√
33．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if_________．
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In more technical terms，the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.”和第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that...independent individuals.”可知，纳瓦哈斯的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，平均正确度依旧会提升。
34．What did the follow -up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，在后续研究中，研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。
√
35．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A.Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D．Approving.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为虽然纳瓦哈斯的研究有局限性，但从他的研究看，团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的，由此可推知，作者对纳瓦哈斯的研究持支持态度。
√
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D．C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat，” Curtin says.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。在每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界上，“食物浪费违背了道德准则”。令人瞠目结舌的是，很多食物被扔掉了——从“丑陋”(但还可以吃)的蔬菜被杂货店拒绝，到大量没吃完的菜被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。作者用种种事例呼吁人们不要浪费食物。
24．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多东西；作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知，我们有时会无意中浪费食物。
√
25．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源，这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知，食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。
√
26．What does Curtin's company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO...rotted in fields.”可知，该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807 500磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知，柯廷的公司把一些人们不需要的东西变成可以吃的健康食物。
27．What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中柯廷说的话可推知，柯廷建议人们减少食物浪费。
√
高考必 备词汇 [Text 1]version n. 版本；形式 delivery n. 传输；运送 reshape v. 重塑；改组 dramatically adv. 剧烈地；明显地 at the heart of在……的核心 connectivity n. 联结 consumption n．消耗 thoughtful adj. 深思熟虑的
高考必 备词汇 [Text 2]statistician n. 统计学家；统计员 estimation n. 估计；估算 result in 导致；产生 accurate adj. 准确的 make errors 犯错 cancel out 抵消
phenomenon n. 现象 significantly adv. 显著地 [Text 3]go to waste 被扔掉 roast adj. 烤制的 end up 结束 garbage n. 垃圾 refrigerator n. 冰箱 strawberry n. 草莓
四六级桥 梁词汇 [Text 1]mechanism n. 方法；机制 formative adj. 有持续重大影响的 ceaselessly adv. 不停地
[Text 2]capitalize v. 利用 correlated adj. 有相互关系的 dominant adj. 首要的；占支配地位的 implication n. 可能的影响
[Text 3]rot v. 腐烂
合成词、 派生词 [Text 1]originally adv. 原来；起初 follow -up adj. 后续的 preschooler n. 学龄前儿童 mismatch n. 不匹配；误配；错配 [Text 2]overestimate v. 高估 underestimate v. 低估 limitation n. 限制
[Text 3]mindful adj. 记着；想着；考虑到 unthinkingly adv. 不假思索地；轻率地 jaw -dropping adj. 令人震惊的 eatable adj. 可食用的
熟词 生义 [Text 1]treat (熟义) v. 对待 (文章义) n. 一种甜食 prize (熟义) n. 奖励 (文章义) v. 重视 [Text 2]average (熟义) adj. 平均的 (文章义) n. 平均值 [Text 3]round (熟义) adj. 圆的 (文章义) v. 补充完整；使完美 stick (熟义) v. 粘贴 (文章义) v. 放置 way (熟义) n. 方法 (文章义) adv. 非常，大大地 can (熟义) v. 能 (文章义) n. 箱 near (熟义) adj. 近的 (文章义) v. 接近；靠近 recover (熟义) v. 恢复 (文章义) v. 回收 side (熟义) n. 一边 (文章义) n. 配菜；副菜
长难句 分析 [Text 1]But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
长难句 分析 [分析] 本句是复合句。as引导时间状语从句；现在分词短语dramatically reducing the cost...作伴随状语；we had thousands of years ago是定语从句，修饰 brains；why引导宾语从句，其中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰 tempting foods。
[译文] 但是当我们重塑了周围的世界，极大地降低了获取卡路里所涉及的成本和努力时，我们仍然拥有与几千年前相同的大脑，而这种不匹配正是我们中许多人难以抗拒那些我们明知不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。
长难句 分析 [Text 2]The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
[分析] 本句是复合句。第一个that引导表语从句，其中含有when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的定语从句，修饰smaller groups；those from an equal number of independent individuals是比较对象。
长难句 分析 [译文] 这项研究的主要发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的组并被允许进行讨论时，这些小组的平均值比那些相同数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
长难句 分析 [Text 3]Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中whether by not purchasing...or by asking restaurants...作方式状语；you won't eat是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰side dish。
[译文] 每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周购物时不购买超出所需的食物，还是要求餐馆不要提供你不会吃的配菜。
高考群文阅读之议论文专练
(2024·浙江卷1月阅读D)The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We're not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了“棉花糖测试”在信息化时代的概念延伸，表明信息轰炸让成年人摄入了太多“精神垃圾食品”，并建议人们做有选择的信息消费者。
32．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test
A.Take an examination alone.
B.Show respect for the researchers.
C.Share their treats with others.
D.Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃棉花糖之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。
33．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______．
A.the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B.the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C.the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D.the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But as we've reshaped the world around us...we know we shouldn't eat.”可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。
√
34．What does the author suggest readers do
A.Absorb new information readily.
B.Be selective information consumers.
C.Use diverse information sources.
D.Protect the information environment.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful...in order to manage our time most effectively.”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。
√
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Eat Less, Read More
B.The Bitter Truth About Early Humans
C.The Later, the Better
D.The Marshmallow Test for Grown-ups
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了“棉花糖测试”在信息化时代的概念延伸，表明信息轰炸让成年人摄入了太多“精神垃圾食品”，并建议人们做有选择的信息消费者。因此，D项最适合作文章标题。
√
(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)On March 7，1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者从几个角度探讨了群体智慧，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
32．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people's errors.
D.The design of Galton's experiment.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的底层逻辑。
√
33．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if_________．
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In more technical terms，the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.”和第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that...independent individuals.”可知，纳瓦哈斯的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，平均正确度依旧会提升。
34．What did the follow -up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，在后续研究中，研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。
√
35．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A.Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D．Approving.
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为虽然纳瓦哈斯的研究有局限性，但从他的研究看，团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的，由此可推知，作者对纳瓦哈斯的研究持支持态度。
√
(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D．C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat，” Curtin says.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。在每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界上，“食物浪费违背了道德准则”。令人瞠目结舌的是，很多食物被扔掉了——从“丑陋”(但还可以吃)的蔬菜被杂货店拒绝，到大量没吃完的菜被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。作者用种种事例呼吁人们不要浪费食物。
24．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多东西；作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知，我们有时会无意中浪费食物。
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25．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源，这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知，食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。
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26．What does Curtin's company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
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解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO...rotted in fields.”可知，该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807 500磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知，柯廷的公司把一些人们不需要的东西变成可以吃的健康食物。
27．What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中柯廷说的话可推知，柯廷建议人们减少食物浪费。
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高考必 备词汇 [Text 1]version n. 版本；形式 delivery n. 传输；运送 reshape v. 重塑；改组 dramatically adv. 剧烈地；明显地 at the heart of在……的核心 connectivity n. 联结 consumption n．消耗 thoughtful adj. 深思熟虑的
高考必 备词汇 [Text 2]statistician n. 统计学家；统计员 estimation n. 估计；估算 result in 导致；产生 accurate adj. 准确的 make errors 犯错 cancel out 抵消
phenomenon n. 现象 significantly adv. 显著地 [Text 3]go to waste 被扔掉 roast adj. 烤制的 end up 结束 garbage n. 垃圾 refrigerator n. 冰箱 strawberry n. 草莓
四六级桥 梁词汇 [Text 1]mechanism n. 方法；机制 formative adj. 有持续重大影响的 ceaselessly adv. 不停地
[Text 2]capitalize v. 利用 correlated adj. 有相互关系的 dominant adj. 首要的；占支配地位的 implication n. 可能的影响
[Text 3]rot v. 腐烂
合成词、 派生词 [Text 1]originally adv. 原来；起初 follow -up adj. 后续的 preschooler n. 学龄前儿童 mismatch n. 不匹配；误配；错配 [Text 2]overestimate v. 高估 underestimate v. 低估 limitation n. 限制
[Text 3]mindful adj. 记着；想着；考虑到 unthinkingly adv. 不假思索地；轻率地 jaw -dropping adj. 令人震惊的 eatable adj. 可食用的
熟词 生义 [Text 1]treat (熟义) v. 对待 (文章义) n. 一种甜食 prize (熟义) n. 奖励 (文章义) v. 重视 [Text 2]average (熟义) adj. 平均的 (文章义) n. 平均值 [Text 3]round (熟义) adj. 圆的 (文章义) v. 补充完整；使完美 stick (熟义) v. 粘贴 (文章义) v. 放置 way (熟义) n. 方法 (文章义) adv. 非常，大大地 can (熟义) v. 能 (文章义) n. 箱 near (熟义) adj. 近的 (文章义) v. 接近；靠近 recover (熟义) v. 恢复 (文章义) v. 回收 side (熟义) n. 一边 (文章义) n. 配菜；副菜
长难句 分析 [Text 1]But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
长难句 分析 [分析] 本句是复合句。as引导时间状语从句；现在分词短语dramatically reducing the cost...作伴随状语；we had thousands of years ago是定语从句，修饰 brains；why引导宾语从句，其中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰 tempting foods。
[译文] 但是当我们重塑了周围的世界，极大地降低了获取卡路里所涉及的成本和努力时，我们仍然拥有与几千年前相同的大脑，而这种不匹配正是我们中许多人难以抗拒那些我们明知不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。
长难句 分析 [Text 2]The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
[分析] 本句是复合句。第一个that引导表语从句，其中含有when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的定语从句，修饰smaller groups；those from an equal number of independent individuals是比较对象。
长难句 分析 [译文] 这项研究的主要发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的组并被允许进行讨论时，这些小组的平均值比那些相同数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
长难句 分析 [Text 3]Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat.
[分析] 本句是复合句。句中whether by not purchasing...or by asking restaurants...作方式状语；you won't eat是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰side dish。
[译文] 每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周购物时不购买超出所需的食物，还是要求餐馆不要提供你不会吃的配菜。