2026版《决胜蓝图》专题三 5 文体篇 高频考查三 说明文-讲义（教师版）英语高考大二轮专题复习
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| 名称 | 2026版《决胜蓝图》专题三 5 文体篇 高频考查三 说明文-讲义（教师版）英语高考大二轮专题复习 |
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| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 294.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-19 00:00:00 | ||
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高频考查三 说明文
INCLUDEPICTURE "体裁解读LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../新建文件夹%20(6)/体裁解读LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
说明文介绍、解释、说明事物的本质、性能、状态、原理、用途或者事物的发生、发展过程。
1．时态：一般用一般现在时；
2．语言简练、平实、准确，描述角度客观；
3．文章主题明确，结构清晰，层次分明，“总—分”或“总—分—总”结构较为常见；
4．常见的说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序。
INCLUDEPICTURE "高分策略LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../新建文件夹%20(6)/高分策略LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．确定说明对象，明确文章中心；
2．梳理说明顺序，厘清段落关系，确定文章结构；
3．如有作者态度，确定关键词句，把握作者的写作意图和观点。
INCLUDEPICTURE "高考真题实践课堂LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../新建文件夹%20(6)/高考真题实践课堂LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
(2022·全国乙卷改编)Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about __41__ someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably __42__ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies __43__.
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was __44__ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our __45__ research results in child developmental psychology contradicted that idea.
We brought young children aged 2 4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each __46__ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears. We then asked the child if she could see or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same __47__ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: Now children said that they couldn't __48__ to her.
A number of __49__ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects __50__ the questions and knew __51__ what was asked of them. Their __52__ to the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply __53__ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our __54__ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method __55__ when others use it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项实验证明，孩子们之间存在着相互承认与尊重，而非“以自我为中心”。
41．A.following B．taking
C．escaping D．directing
C 解析：根据下文中的“making oneself unable to be seen”可推知，避开(escape)别人的目光，使自己不被人看见，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。
42．A.clever B．bad
C．scared D．quick
B 解析：根据下文中的“They often cover only...the rest of their bodies ______.”可知，他们常常只是用手遮住自己的眼睛，把身体其他部位暴露(expose)在外，由此可推知，他们非常不擅长(bad)隐藏。
43．A.exposed B．examined
C．untouched D．imbalanced
A 解析：参见上题解析。
44．A.supported B．guaranteed
C．imagined D．interpreted
D 解析：根据语境可知，这种无效的隐藏方法被认为(interpret)是儿童是完全“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。
45．A.disappointing B．mixed
C．surprising D．desired
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者他们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊奇的(surprising)研究发现反驳了那个观点。
46．A.parent B．child
C．researcher D．doctor
B 解析：根据上句中的children及语境可知，此处指每个孩子(child)都与一名成人坐在一起。
47．A.event B．thing
C．action D．accident
B 解析：根据语境可知，当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情(thing)发生了。
48．A.speak B．listen
C．turn D．wave
A 解析：根据上文中的“the adult covered her own mouth”及语境可推知，此处指孩子们说他们不能与她讲话(speak)。
49．A.instructions B．descriptions
C．experiments D．assumptions
C 解析：根据语境可知，许多实验(experiment)排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题这种可能性。
50．A.comprehended B．predicted
C．explored D．ignored
A 解析：根据上文中的“ruled out that the children...were being asked”可知，孩子们理解(comprehend)这些问题，并且确切地(exactly)知道他们被问到了什么。
51．A.partly B．honestly
C．vaguely D．exactly
D 解析：参见上题解析。
52．A.responses B．approaches
C．contribution D．sensitivity
A 解析：根据语境可知，他们对这些问题的回答(response)反映了他们真实的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”
53．A.hold back B．relate to
C．insist on D．make up
C 解析：根据上文说明的实验结果及语境可知，他们只是坚持(insist on)相互的承认和尊重。
54．A.limitations B．requirements
C．theories D．findings
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者他们的研究发现(finding)表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。
55．A.tentative B．impressive
C．creative D．effective
D 解析：根据上文说明的实验结果及语境可知，事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的(effective)。
INCLUDEPICTURE "当堂即练精准提升LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../新建文件夹%20(6)/当堂即练精准提升LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
(2024·河南许平洛济四市高三第二次质检)Owning chickens may be nothing special for you, but in the life of a chicken, we catch a glimpse of an important truth.
You see, when a hen lays her egg, she labors to make sure the__1__ are just right to promote life for that little chick. She must lay it in a __2__ spot. She also must apply heat to the egg for it to __3__．
In the life of this baby chick though, there comes a point that is necessary but that is often __4__. As the egg begins to crack and slowly break __5__， what you will not see is the mother hen __6__ the chick to get the shell off. No matter how hard the chick __7__， pushes and strains itself, the mother hen will not do the __8__ for it.
At this point, someone can see the __9__ of this chick and think the mother does not __10__ her young. This person can then seek to help the chick and __11__ the pieces of the shell. However, if such a thing really happens, often this person __12__ does not save the chick's life but rather __13__ its death.
This __14__ stage is essential for the chick. It will produce within the chick the __15__ that will allow it to live and thrive.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在小鸡的孵化和成长中，破壳的阶段至关重要，小鸡需要通过自己的努力破壳，使其在体内产生力量，以使它能够生存和茁壮成长。
1．A.actions B．experiences
C．conditions D．chances
C 解析：根据下文中的“are just right to promote life for that little chick”可知，母鸡会确保条件(condition)适合孵化。
2．A.safe B．remote
C．shady D．new
A 解析：根据上文中的“are just right to promote life for that little chick”可知，合适的条件包括必须把蛋下在安全的(safe)地方。
3．A.hatch B．live
C．move D．continue
A 解析：根据上文中的“apply heat to the egg”可知，想要孵化(hatch)还需要给蛋保温。
4．A.evaluated B．checked
C．made D．overlooked
D 解析：根据上文中的“there comes a point that is necessary but”及下文内容可知，孵化小鸡有一个必要但经常被忽视(overlook)的点。
5．A.up B．open
C．free D．away
B 解析：根据上文中的“As the egg begins to crack and slowly break”可知，此处指当蛋开始破裂并慢慢破开(open)时。
6．A.urging B．preferring
C．assisting D．encouraging
C 解析：根据下文中的“This person can then seek to help the chick”及语境可知，母鸡不会帮助(assist)小鸡破壳。
7．A.rolls B．knocks
C．jumps D．shakes
D 解析：根据下文中的“pushes and strains itself”及常识可知，小鸡自然孵化时蛋会摇晃(shake)。
8．A.work B．harm
C．exercise D．same
A 解析：根据上文中的“what you will not see is the mother hen ______ the chick to get the shell off”及语境可知，母鸡不会帮小鸡做破壳这项工作(work)。
9．A.depression B．confusion
C．growth D．struggle
D 解析：根据上文中的“No matter how hard the chick ______， pushes and strains itself...for it.”及下文内容可知，此处指看到小鸡的挣扎(struggle)，有些人会认为母鸡不关心(care about)小鸡。
10．A.take in B．care about
C．play with D．bring up
B 解析：参见上题解析。
11．A.collect B．remove
C．throw D．spread
B 解析：根据上文内容可知，此处指帮小鸡去除(remove)蛋壳的碎片。
12．A.carelessly B．impatiently
C．unknowingly D．purposely
C 解析：根据上文内容及下文中的“does not save the chick's life but rather”可知，此处指不知情地(unknowingly)导致(cause)小鸡的死亡。
13．A.slows B．causes
C．faces D．prevents
B 解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.beginning B．developing
C．resting D．falling
A 解析：根据语境及常识可知，孵化是小鸡一生的开始(beginning)阶段。
15．A.nutrition B．health
C．luck D．strength
D 解析：根据上文中的“No matter how hard the chick ______， pushes and strains itself”及语境可知，小鸡独立孵化的过程会在其体内产生力量(strength)。
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高考必备词汇 catch a glimpse of 一瞥…… hatch v. 孵化 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗 bring up 提出；教育；呕吐
四六级桥梁词汇 crack v. 破裂 strain v. 拉紧 thrive v. 茁壮成长
合成词、派生词 overlook v. 忽视 unknowingly adv. 不知情地 shady adj.背阴的；阴凉的
熟词生义 labor (熟义) n. 劳动 (文章义) v. 努力做
长难句分析 You see, when a hen lays her egg, she labors to make sure the conditions are just right to promote life for that little chick. [分析] 本句是复合句。句中when引导时间状语从句；动词不定式短语to make sure the conditions are just right to promote life for that little chick作目的状语，其中make sure后是省略连词that的宾语从句。[译文] 你知道，当母鸡下蛋时，她会尽力确保环境正好适合那只小鸡的生长。
INCLUDEPICTURE "体裁解读LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../新建文件夹%20(6)/体裁解读LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
说明文介绍、解释、说明事物的本质、性能、状态、原理、用途或者事物的发生、发展过程。
1．时态：一般用一般现在时；
2．语言简练、平实、准确，描述角度客观；
3．文章主题明确，结构清晰，层次分明，“总—分”或“总—分—总”结构较为常见；
4．常见的说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序。
INCLUDEPICTURE "高分策略LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../新建文件夹%20(6)/高分策略LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．确定说明对象，明确文章中心；
2．梳理说明顺序，厘清段落关系，确定文章结构；
3．如有作者态度，确定关键词句，把握作者的写作意图和观点。
INCLUDEPICTURE "高考真题实践课堂LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../新建文件夹%20(6)/高考真题实践课堂LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
(2022·全国乙卷改编)Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about __41__ someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably __42__ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies __43__.
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was __44__ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our __45__ research results in child developmental psychology contradicted that idea.
We brought young children aged 2 4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each __46__ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears. We then asked the child if she could see or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same __47__ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: Now children said that they couldn't __48__ to her.
A number of __49__ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects __50__ the questions and knew __51__ what was asked of them. Their __52__ to the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply __53__ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our __54__ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method __55__ when others use it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项实验证明，孩子们之间存在着相互承认与尊重，而非“以自我为中心”。
41．A.following B．taking
C．escaping D．directing
C 解析：根据下文中的“making oneself unable to be seen”可推知，避开(escape)别人的目光，使自己不被人看见，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。
42．A.clever B．bad
C．scared D．quick
B 解析：根据下文中的“They often cover only...the rest of their bodies ______.”可知，他们常常只是用手遮住自己的眼睛，把身体其他部位暴露(expose)在外，由此可推知，他们非常不擅长(bad)隐藏。
43．A.exposed B．examined
C．untouched D．imbalanced
A 解析：参见上题解析。
44．A.supported B．guaranteed
C．imagined D．interpreted
D 解析：根据语境可知，这种无效的隐藏方法被认为(interpret)是儿童是完全“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。
45．A.disappointing B．mixed
C．surprising D．desired
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者他们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊奇的(surprising)研究发现反驳了那个观点。
46．A.parent B．child
C．researcher D．doctor
B 解析：根据上句中的children及语境可知，此处指每个孩子(child)都与一名成人坐在一起。
47．A.event B．thing
C．action D．accident
B 解析：根据语境可知，当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情(thing)发生了。
48．A.speak B．listen
C．turn D．wave
A 解析：根据上文中的“the adult covered her own mouth”及语境可推知，此处指孩子们说他们不能与她讲话(speak)。
49．A.instructions B．descriptions
C．experiments D．assumptions
C 解析：根据语境可知，许多实验(experiment)排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题这种可能性。
50．A.comprehended B．predicted
C．explored D．ignored
A 解析：根据上文中的“ruled out that the children...were being asked”可知，孩子们理解(comprehend)这些问题，并且确切地(exactly)知道他们被问到了什么。
51．A.partly B．honestly
C．vaguely D．exactly
D 解析：参见上题解析。
52．A.responses B．approaches
C．contribution D．sensitivity
A 解析：根据语境可知，他们对这些问题的回答(response)反映了他们真实的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”
53．A.hold back B．relate to
C．insist on D．make up
C 解析：根据上文说明的实验结果及语境可知，他们只是坚持(insist on)相互的承认和尊重。
54．A.limitations B．requirements
C．theories D．findings
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者他们的研究发现(finding)表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。
55．A.tentative B．impressive
C．creative D．effective
D 解析：根据上文说明的实验结果及语境可知，事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的(effective)。
INCLUDEPICTURE "当堂即练精准提升LLL.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "../新建文件夹%20(6)/当堂即练精准提升LLL.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
(2024·河南许平洛济四市高三第二次质检)Owning chickens may be nothing special for you, but in the life of a chicken, we catch a glimpse of an important truth.
You see, when a hen lays her egg, she labors to make sure the__1__ are just right to promote life for that little chick. She must lay it in a __2__ spot. She also must apply heat to the egg for it to __3__．
In the life of this baby chick though, there comes a point that is necessary but that is often __4__. As the egg begins to crack and slowly break __5__， what you will not see is the mother hen __6__ the chick to get the shell off. No matter how hard the chick __7__， pushes and strains itself, the mother hen will not do the __8__ for it.
At this point, someone can see the __9__ of this chick and think the mother does not __10__ her young. This person can then seek to help the chick and __11__ the pieces of the shell. However, if such a thing really happens, often this person __12__ does not save the chick's life but rather __13__ its death.
This __14__ stage is essential for the chick. It will produce within the chick the __15__ that will allow it to live and thrive.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在小鸡的孵化和成长中，破壳的阶段至关重要，小鸡需要通过自己的努力破壳，使其在体内产生力量，以使它能够生存和茁壮成长。
1．A.actions B．experiences
C．conditions D．chances
C 解析：根据下文中的“are just right to promote life for that little chick”可知，母鸡会确保条件(condition)适合孵化。
2．A.safe B．remote
C．shady D．new
A 解析：根据上文中的“are just right to promote life for that little chick”可知，合适的条件包括必须把蛋下在安全的(safe)地方。
3．A.hatch B．live
C．move D．continue
A 解析：根据上文中的“apply heat to the egg”可知，想要孵化(hatch)还需要给蛋保温。
4．A.evaluated B．checked
C．made D．overlooked
D 解析：根据上文中的“there comes a point that is necessary but”及下文内容可知，孵化小鸡有一个必要但经常被忽视(overlook)的点。
5．A.up B．open
C．free D．away
B 解析：根据上文中的“As the egg begins to crack and slowly break”可知，此处指当蛋开始破裂并慢慢破开(open)时。
6．A.urging B．preferring
C．assisting D．encouraging
C 解析：根据下文中的“This person can then seek to help the chick”及语境可知，母鸡不会帮助(assist)小鸡破壳。
7．A.rolls B．knocks
C．jumps D．shakes
D 解析：根据下文中的“pushes and strains itself”及常识可知，小鸡自然孵化时蛋会摇晃(shake)。
8．A.work B．harm
C．exercise D．same
A 解析：根据上文中的“what you will not see is the mother hen ______ the chick to get the shell off”及语境可知，母鸡不会帮小鸡做破壳这项工作(work)。
9．A.depression B．confusion
C．growth D．struggle
D 解析：根据上文中的“No matter how hard the chick ______， pushes and strains itself...for it.”及下文内容可知，此处指看到小鸡的挣扎(struggle)，有些人会认为母鸡不关心(care about)小鸡。
10．A.take in B．care about
C．play with D．bring up
B 解析：参见上题解析。
11．A.collect B．remove
C．throw D．spread
B 解析：根据上文内容可知，此处指帮小鸡去除(remove)蛋壳的碎片。
12．A.carelessly B．impatiently
C．unknowingly D．purposely
C 解析：根据上文内容及下文中的“does not save the chick's life but rather”可知，此处指不知情地(unknowingly)导致(cause)小鸡的死亡。
13．A.slows B．causes
C．faces D．prevents
B 解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.beginning B．developing
C．resting D．falling
A 解析：根据语境及常识可知，孵化是小鸡一生的开始(beginning)阶段。
15．A.nutrition B．health
C．luck D．strength
D 解析：根据上文中的“No matter how hard the chick ______， pushes and strains itself”及语境可知，小鸡独立孵化的过程会在其体内产生力量(strength)。
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高考必备词汇 catch a glimpse of 一瞥…… hatch v. 孵化 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗 bring up 提出；教育；呕吐
四六级桥梁词汇 crack v. 破裂 strain v. 拉紧 thrive v. 茁壮成长
合成词、派生词 overlook v. 忽视 unknowingly adv. 不知情地 shady adj.背阴的；阴凉的
熟词生义 labor (熟义) n. 劳动 (文章义) v. 努力做
长难句分析 You see, when a hen lays her egg, she labors to make sure the conditions are just right to promote life for that little chick. [分析] 本句是复合句。句中when引导时间状语从句；动词不定式短语to make sure the conditions are just right to promote life for that little chick作目的状语，其中make sure后是省略连词that的宾语从句。[译文] 你知道，当母鸡下蛋时，她会尽力确保环境正好适合那只小鸡的生长。