[近3年考情分析]
年份 试卷 体裁 主题语境 文章话题 设空位置
段首 段中 段尾
2024 新高考全国卷Ⅰ 说明文 人与自我 词典的使用 1 4 0
新高考全国卷Ⅱ 说明文 人与社会 如何缓解过度旅游 1 3 1
浙江卷1月 说明文 人与自我 在线学习的利弊 1 4 0
2023 新高考全国卷Ⅰ 说明文 人与自我 自我原谅 0 4 1
新高考全国卷Ⅱ 说明文 人与社会 如何开启艺术之旅 1 3 1
2022 新高考全国卷Ⅰ 说明文 人与自我 寻找健身伙伴 0 4 1
新高考全国卷Ⅱ 说明文 人与自我 写文章的技巧 1 4 0
1.阅读七选五语篇特点:
(1)语篇选材往往为真实的情境;
(2)语篇体裁有说明文、记叙文、议论文和夹叙夹议文;高频考查的体裁为说明文;
(3)语篇内容涉及三大主题语境(人与自我、人与社会、人与自然)。
2.阅读七选五设空特点:
(1)分布均匀:一般一段一题(文章少于5段或段落较长,可能一段两题);
(2)设空位置:以段中设题为主,兼有段首句和段尾句;
(3)选项特点:七个整句由短到长依次排列。
通读全文,掌握文章的结构和中心
(1)快速浏览,掌握文章脉络,标记主题句,确定文章的结构和中心。特别关注文章的开头和结尾段落。
(2)常见结构:
①说明文常见的结构为“总-分”或“总-分-总”。
总-分:文章中心句往往在开头段落,最常见的是首段的尾句。
总-分-总:文章中心句往往在开头段落,最常见的是首段的尾句。结尾往往也会总结中心,和首段相呼应。
②记叙文往往按照时间顺序写作,会穿插倒叙段落。
③夹叙夹议文常见的结构是“总-分-总”。开头引入话题,中间展开叙述,并加以评论;结尾将会重申中心,并加以评论。
④议论文常见的结构是“总-分-总”。开头提出论点,中间展开叙述,并加以评论;结尾将会重申中心,并加以评论。
[细节技巧] 如果文章有标题,一定是文章中心。
扫除段首设空题及段尾设空题
段首设空题和段尾设空题往往是小标题、主旨句或总结句,具有鲜明的语言特征,较易筛选并做出判断。
[细节技巧] 确定有把握的选项,可以用斜线划去,减少障碍。
排查剩余选项,确定段中设空题
段首设空题和段尾设空题复位后,原文信息更加完整。在此基础上,再次回读原文,遵循词汇线索,定位代词指代,根据逻辑关系(并列或递进关系、转折让步关系、因果关系、解释或例证关系等)及相似结构将剩余选项复位。
[细节技巧] 遇到某个设空题在两个选项中难以选择时,可以先把两个选项填在设空处备选。在其他选项确定后,再做最后选择。
带入选项验证,确保文章通顺衔接
整个语篇复位后,通读全文,验证逻辑关系,确定最后答案。
【2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ】
Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36.________ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close by on my desk:dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 37.________ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
38.________ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39.________ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40.________ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A.I don't often use this dictionary.
B.It takes no account of the context.
C.But I still don't want to replace them.
D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E.Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G.Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
答案:36~40.FBEAD
【解题思路】
通读全文,掌握文章的结构和中心
扫除段首设空题和段尾设空题
38.此题为段首设空题。根据文章结构可知,本文介绍的是词典的用途。根据下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word...how the word is pronounced.”可知,该段主要介绍了词典不仅仅提供单词的拼写,还有其他的功能。由此可知,E项中not only 承上启下,符合语境。
排查剩余选项,确定段中设空题
36.根据上文“If you want to be published,it's vital to submit a perfect,professionally presented manuscript.”可知,此处谈及完美的、专业呈现的手稿是什么样子的,F项中的That指代上文中的“perfect, professionally presented manuscript”,符合语境。
37.根据上文“I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker.” 可知,此处谈及不信任的原因,B项符合语境。此题涉及一些办公软件的常识,会造成一定的理解障碍。
39.根据下文“However,if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.”可知,此处应谈及作者不怎么使用这本词典。A项符合语境。特别关注下文中的表示转折的语篇标识词However。
40.根据下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.”可知,D项可以与之构成逻辑上的顺承关系,符合语境。
带入选项验证,确保文章通顺衔接