人教版八下英语 Unit 1-8小学词汇详解（学案）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
人教版八下 Unit 1-8小学词汇详解
Unit 1 Time to relax.
1. moon /mu n/ n. 月亮；月球
核心考点：独一无二的天体，前面必须加 the
常用搭配
the moon 月亮
on the moon 在月球上
the full moon 满月
中英例句
The moon is bright tonight.
今晚的月亮很明亮。
The moon goes around the earth.
月亮绕着地球转。
There is no air on the moon.
月球上没有空气。
We eat moon cakes on the Mid-Autumn Festival.
我们在中秋节吃月饼。
易错提醒：不能说 a moon，只能说 the moon。
练习题
( ) Look at ______ moon in the sky. It's so round.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：C
Unit 2 Stay healthy.
2. hurt /h t/
v. (hurt, hurt)（使）疼痛；弄伤；伤害
adj. 受伤的
动词用法
hurt + 身体部位 （某处疼）
hurt oneself 伤到自己
hurt sb. 伤害某人
中英例句
My leg hurts badly.
我的腿疼得厉害。
He hurt his arm in the PE class.
他在体育课上弄伤了胳膊。
Don’t hurt the little animals.
不要伤害小动物。
She hurt herself when she fell off the bike.
她从自行车上摔下来，伤到了自己。
形容词用法
be hurt 受伤
He was hurt in a car accident.
他在一场车祸中受伤了。
The boy looked sad and hurt.
这个男孩看起来既难过又受伤。
练习题
His leg ______ (hurt) because he fell off the bike just now.
答案：hurt
3. shirt / t/ n. 衬衫
考点：可数名词，复数直接加 s
搭配：a white shirt 一件白衬衫
中英例句
He is wearing a blue shirt.
他穿着一件蓝色的衬衫。
This shirt is too small for me.
这件衬衫对我来说太小了。
I bought two new shirts yesterday.
我昨天买了两件新衬衫。
易混区分：shirt 衬衫；T-shirt T恤衫；skirt 短裙
4. driver / dra v (r)/ n. 司机；驾驶员
词形转换：drive v. 驾驶 → driver n. 司机
搭配：a bus driver 公交车司机；a taxi driver 出租车司机
中英例句
My father is a bus driver.
我爸爸是一名公交车司机。
The driver stopped the car quickly.
司机迅速停下了车。
She wants to be a driver in the future.
她将来想成为一名司机。
练习题
My uncle is a good ______ (drive). He drives very carefully.
答案：driver
Unit 3 Growing up.
5. letter / let (r)/ n. 信；字母
两个常考含义
信 = mail
字母（英语26个字母）
搭配
write a letter (to sb.) 给某人写信
get/receive a letter 收到一封信
English letters 英文字母
中英例句
I write a letter to my pen pal every month.
我每个月给笔友写一封信。
He received a letter from his uncle last week.
他上周收到了叔叔的来信。
There are 26 letters in English.
英语中有26个字母。
The first letter of “apple” is “a”.
“apple”的第一个字母是a。
练习题
—What's this
—It's the first ______ of the word “dog”.
A. letter B. book C. bag D. map
答案：A
6. wake /we k/ v. 睡醒；醒来
过去式：woke /w k/
过去分词：woken / w k n/
必考短语
wake up 醒来
wake sb. up 叫醒某人（代词必须放中间：wake me/him/her up）
中英例句
I usually wake up at 6:30 in the morning.
我通常早上六点半醒来。
Please wake me up at seven tomorrow.
明天七点请叫醒我。
My mother woke me up early today.
妈妈今天很早就把我叫醒了。
He woke up and found it was dark.
他醒来发现天黑了。
练习题
My mother ______ (wake) me up at 6:00 this morning.
答案：woke
Unit 4 The wonders of nature
7. its / ts/ pron. 它的
最高频易错点
its：形容词性物主代词，“它的”，后接名词
it's = it is / it has “它是/它有”
中英例句
The cat is washing its face.
这只猫正在洗它的脸。
The tree has lost its leaves in winter.
这棵树在冬天落光了叶子。
Look at the dog. Its tail is short.
看这只狗，它的尾巴很短。
It's a small bird. Its name is Polly.
它是一只小鸟，它的名字叫波莉。
练习题
The tree is small, but ______ leaves are green.
A. it B. it's C. its D. their
答案：C
8. photograph / f t ɡrɑ f/
n. 照片；相片
v. 拍照；照相
口语简写：photo（复数：photos）
搭配：take a photograph/photo (of sb./sth.) 给……拍照
中英例句
This is a photograph of my family.
这是一张我的全家福。
He likes to take photographs of flowers.
他喜欢拍花的照片。
We took many photographs in the park.
我们在公园里拍了很多照片。
She photographed the beautiful sunset.
她拍下了美丽的日落。
练习题
He took many ______ (photograph) on the Great Wall.
答案：photographs
Unit 5 Nature’s temper.
9. chore /t (r)/ n. 日常事务；琐事
考点：常用复数 chores
固定搭配：do chores 做家务 = do housework
中英例句
I often help my mother do chores at home.
我经常在家帮妈妈做家务。
Doing chores can make us independent.
做家务能让我们变得独立。
He hates doing chores, especially washing dishes.
他讨厌做家务，尤其是洗碗。
练习题
It's good for us to help our parents ______ ______ (做家务) at home.
答案：do chores/housework
10. police /p li s/ n. 警察部门；警方
考点
集合名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
单数：policeman / policewoman
复数：policemen / policewomen
搭配：call the police 报警
中英例句
The police are looking for the lost child.
警方正在寻找那个走失的孩子。
We should call the police when we are in danger.
遇到危险时我们应该报警。
Two policemen are standing at the gate.
两名警察正站在大门口。
练习题
The police ______ trying their best to help the old man.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
答案：B
Unit 6 Crossing cultures.
11. plane /ple n/ n. 飞机
搭配
by plane 乘飞机（零冠词）
take a plane 坐飞机
model plane 飞机模型
中英例句
I will go to Beijing by plane next week.
我下周要乘飞机去北京。
It takes about two hours to fly there by plane.
坐飞机到那里大约需要两小时。
He made a model plane by himself.
他自己做了一架飞机模型。
They took a plane to London last month.
他们上个月坐飞机去了伦敦。
练习题
My cousin went to Sanya ______ ______ (乘飞机) last summer.
答案：by plane
12. shorts / ts/ n. (pl.) 短裤
考点：永远为复数，不能说 a shorts
表达“一条短裤”：a pair of shorts
中英例句
I like wearing white shorts in summer.
我喜欢在夏天穿白色短裤。
This pair of shorts is very comfortable.
这条短裤很舒服。
He bought two pairs of shorts yesterday.
他昨天买了两条短裤。
练习题
This pair of shorts ______ (be) nice.
答案：is
13. skirt /sk t/ n. 短裙
可数名词：a skirt, two skirts
易混：shirt 衬衫；skirt 短裙；shorts 短裤
中英例句
She looks beautiful in the red skirt.
她穿这条红裙子很漂亮。
My sister has many nice skirts.
我姐姐有很多漂亮的短裙。
This skirt is too long for me.
这条裙子对我来说太长了。
练习题
汉译英：这条短裙是我妈妈买的。
答案：This skirt is bought by my mother.
Unit 7 A good read.
14. ill / l/ adj. 生病的
核心考点
ill 只能作表语（放在 be 动词后）：be ill
不能说 an ill boy（错误），可以说 a sick boy
搭配：fall ill 生病
中英例句
His grandma was ill in bed yesterday.
他奶奶昨天卧病在床。
She didn’t go to school because she was ill.
她因为生病没去上学。
He fell ill last week and stayed at home.
他上周生病了，待在家里。
对比
sick 可作表语也可作定语
a sick boy 一个生病的男孩
练习题
The ______ boy can't go to school today.
A. ill B. sick C. hurt D. happy
答案：B
15. foot /f t/ n. (pl. feet /fi t/) 脚；英尺
不规则复数：foot → feet
必考短语：on foot 步行
中英例句
I have two feet.
我有两只脚。
He goes to school on foot every day.
他每天步行去上学。
The baby is learning to stand on his feet.
这个宝宝正在学习站立。
The desk is about two feet long.
这张桌子大约两英尺长。
练习题
I have two big ______ (foot).
答案：feet
Unit 8 Making a difference.
16. toy /t / n. 玩具
复数：toys（元音字母 + y，直接加 s）
搭配：toy car 玩具车；toy bear 玩具熊
中英例句
The little boy is playing with his toy car.
这个小男孩正在玩他的玩具车。
There are many toys in the box.
盒子里有很多玩具。
My mother bought me a new toy on my birthday.
妈妈在我生日时给我买了一个新玩具。
练习题
There are some ______ (toy) in the living room.
答案：toys
17. kid /k d/
n. 小孩；儿童（口语，= child）
v. 开玩笑；戏弄
名词用法（复数：kids）
There are five kids in the park.
公园里有五个小孩。
The kid is drawing a picture.
这个小孩正在画画。
动词用法
I’m just kidding.
我只是在开玩笑。
Don’t kid me. I know the truth.
别戏弄我，我知道真相。
He likes to kid his friends.
他喜欢和朋友们开玩笑。
练习题
—Are you serious
—No, I'm just ______（kid）.
答案：kidding
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人教版八下 Unit 1-8小学词汇详解
Unit 1 Time to relax.
1. moon /mu n/ n. 月亮；月球
核心考点：独一无二的天体，前面必须加 the
常用搭配
the moon 月亮
on the moon 在月球上
the full moon 满月
中英例句
The moon is bright tonight.
今晚的月亮很明亮。
The moon goes around the earth.
月亮绕着地球转。
There is no air on the moon.
月球上没有空气。
We eat moon cakes on the Mid-Autumn Festival.
我们在中秋节吃月饼。
易错提醒：不能说 a moon，只能说 the moon。
练习题
( ) Look at ______ moon in the sky. It's so round.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
答案：C
Unit 2 Stay healthy.
2. hurt /h t/
v. (hurt, hurt)（使）疼痛；弄伤；伤害
adj. 受伤的
动词用法
hurt + 身体部位 （某处疼）
hurt oneself 伤到自己
hurt sb. 伤害某人
中英例句
My leg hurts badly.
我的腿疼得厉害。
He hurt his arm in the PE class.
他在体育课上弄伤了胳膊。
Don’t hurt the little animals.
不要伤害小动物。
She hurt herself when she fell off the bike.
她从自行车上摔下来，伤到了自己。
形容词用法
be hurt 受伤
He was hurt in a car accident.
他在一场车祸中受伤了。
The boy looked sad and hurt.
这个男孩看起来既难过又受伤。
练习题
His leg ______ (hurt) because he fell off the bike just now.
答案：hurt
3. shirt / t/ n. 衬衫
考点：可数名词，复数直接加 s
搭配：a white shirt 一件白衬衫
中英例句
He is wearing a blue shirt.
他穿着一件蓝色的衬衫。
This shirt is too small for me.
这件衬衫对我来说太小了。
I bought two new shirts yesterday.
我昨天买了两件新衬衫。
易混区分：shirt 衬衫；T-shirt T恤衫；skirt 短裙
4. driver / dra v (r)/ n. 司机；驾驶员
词形转换：drive v. 驾驶 → driver n. 司机
搭配：a bus driver 公交车司机；a taxi driver 出租车司机
中英例句
My father is a bus driver.
我爸爸是一名公交车司机。
The driver stopped the car quickly.
司机迅速停下了车。
She wants to be a driver in the future.
她将来想成为一名司机。
练习题
My uncle is a good ______ (drive). He drives very carefully.
答案：driver
Unit 3 Growing up.
5. letter / let (r)/ n. 信；字母
两个常考含义
信 = mail
字母（英语26个字母）
搭配
write a letter (to sb.) 给某人写信
get/receive a letter 收到一封信
English letters 英文字母
中英例句
I write a letter to my pen pal every month.
我每个月给笔友写一封信。
He received a letter from his uncle last week.
他上周收到了叔叔的来信。
There are 26 letters in English.
英语中有26个字母。
The first letter of “apple” is “a”.
“apple”的第一个字母是a。
练习题
—What's this
—It's the first ______ of the word “dog”.
A. letter B. book C. bag D. map
答案：A
6. wake /we k/ v. 睡醒；醒来
过去式：woke /w k/
过去分词：woken / w k n/
必考短语
wake up 醒来
wake sb. up 叫醒某人（代词必须放中间：wake me/him/her up）
中英例句
I usually wake up at 6:30 in the morning.
我通常早上六点半醒来。
Please wake me up at seven tomorrow.
明天七点请叫醒我。
My mother woke me up early today.
妈妈今天很早就把我叫醒了。
He woke up and found it was dark.
他醒来发现天黑了。
练习题
My mother ______ (wake) me up at 6:00 this morning.
答案：woke
Unit 4 The wonders of nature
7. its / ts/ pron. 它的
最高频易错点
its：形容词性物主代词，“它的”，后接名词
it's = it is / it has “它是/它有”
中英例句
The cat is washing its face.
这只猫正在洗它的脸。
The tree has lost its leaves in winter.
这棵树在冬天落光了叶子。
Look at the dog. Its tail is short.
看这只狗，它的尾巴很短。
It's a small bird. Its name is Polly.
它是一只小鸟，它的名字叫波莉。
练习题
The tree is small, but ______ leaves are green.
A. it B. it's C. its D. their
答案：C
8. photograph / f t ɡrɑ f/
n. 照片；相片
v. 拍照；照相
口语简写：photo（复数：photos）
搭配：take a photograph/photo (of sb./sth.) 给……拍照
中英例句
This is a photograph of my family.
这是一张我的全家福。
He likes to take photographs of flowers.
他喜欢拍花的照片。
We took many photographs in the park.
我们在公园里拍了很多照片。
She photographed the beautiful sunset.
她拍下了美丽的日落。
练习题
He took many ______ (photograph) on the Great Wall.
答案：photographs
Unit 5 Nature’s temper.
9. chore /t (r)/ n. 日常事务；琐事
考点：常用复数 chores
固定搭配：do chores 做家务 = do housework
中英例句
I often help my mother do chores at home.
我经常在家帮妈妈做家务。
Doing chores can make us independent.
做家务能让我们变得独立。
He hates doing chores, especially washing dishes.
他讨厌做家务，尤其是洗碗。
练习题
It's good for us to help our parents ______ ______ (做家务) at home.
答案：do chores/housework
10. police /p li s/ n. 警察部门；警方
考点
集合名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
单数：policeman / policewoman
复数：policemen / policewomen
搭配：call the police 报警
中英例句
The police are looking for the lost child.
警方正在寻找那个走失的孩子。
We should call the police when we are in danger.
遇到危险时我们应该报警。
Two policemen are standing at the gate.
两名警察正站在大门口。
练习题
The police ______ trying their best to help the old man.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
答案：B
Unit 6 Crossing cultures.
11. plane /ple n/ n. 飞机
搭配
by plane 乘飞机（零冠词）
take a plane 坐飞机
model plane 飞机模型
中英例句
I will go to Beijing by plane next week.
我下周要乘飞机去北京。
It takes about two hours to fly there by plane.
坐飞机到那里大约需要两小时。
He made a model plane by himself.
他自己做了一架飞机模型。
They took a plane to London last month.
他们上个月坐飞机去了伦敦。
练习题
My cousin went to Sanya ______ ______ (乘飞机) last summer.
答案：by plane
12. shorts / ts/ n. (pl.) 短裤
考点：永远为复数，不能说 a shorts
表达“一条短裤”：a pair of shorts
中英例句
I like wearing white shorts in summer.
我喜欢在夏天穿白色短裤。
This pair of shorts is very comfortable.
这条短裤很舒服。
He bought two pairs of shorts yesterday.
他昨天买了两条短裤。
练习题
This pair of shorts ______ (be) nice.
答案：is
13. skirt /sk t/ n. 短裙
可数名词：a skirt, two skirts
易混：shirt 衬衫；skirt 短裙；shorts 短裤
中英例句
She looks beautiful in the red skirt.
她穿这条红裙子很漂亮。
My sister has many nice skirts.
我姐姐有很多漂亮的短裙。
This skirt is too long for me.
这条裙子对我来说太长了。
练习题
汉译英：这条短裙是我妈妈买的。
答案：This skirt is bought by my mother.
Unit 7 A good read.
14. ill / l/ adj. 生病的
核心考点
ill 只能作表语（放在 be 动词后）：be ill
不能说 an ill boy（错误），可以说 a sick boy
搭配：fall ill 生病
中英例句
His grandma was ill in bed yesterday.
他奶奶昨天卧病在床。
She didn’t go to school because she was ill.
她因为生病没去上学。
He fell ill last week and stayed at home.
他上周生病了，待在家里。
对比
sick 可作表语也可作定语
a sick boy 一个生病的男孩
练习题
The ______ boy can't go to school today.
A. ill B. sick C. hurt D. happy
答案：B
15. foot /f t/ n. (pl. feet /fi t/) 脚；英尺
不规则复数：foot → feet
必考短语：on foot 步行
中英例句
I have two feet.
我有两只脚。
He goes to school on foot every day.
他每天步行去上学。
The baby is learning to stand on his feet.
这个宝宝正在学习站立。
The desk is about two feet long.
这张桌子大约两英尺长。
练习题
I have two big ______ (foot).
答案：feet
Unit 8 Making a difference.
16. toy /t / n. 玩具
复数：toys（元音字母 + y，直接加 s）
搭配：toy car 玩具车；toy bear 玩具熊
中英例句
The little boy is playing with his toy car.
这个小男孩正在玩他的玩具车。
There are many toys in the box.
盒子里有很多玩具。
My mother bought me a new toy on my birthday.
妈妈在我生日时给我买了一个新玩具。
练习题
There are some ______ (toy) in the living room.
答案：toys
17. kid /k d/
n. 小孩；儿童（口语，= child）
v. 开玩笑；戏弄
名词用法（复数：kids）
There are five kids in the park.
公园里有五个小孩。
The kid is drawing a picture.
这个小孩正在画画。
动词用法
I’m just kidding.
我只是在开玩笑。
Don’t kid me. I know the truth.
别戏弄我，我知道真相。
He likes to kid his friends.
他喜欢和朋友们开玩笑。
练习题
—Are you serious
—No, I'm just ______（kid）.
答案：kidding
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