河南省周口市天立高级中学等校2025-2026学年高二下学期开学英语试卷（含答案）
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| 名称 | 河南省周口市天立高级中学等校2025-2026学年高二下学期开学英语试卷（含答案） |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-20 00:00:00 | ||
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河南天立教育2025-2026学年度高二下学期开学联考英语试题
一、阅读理解
Four Medical Scientists Who Changed the WorldAlexander Fleming(1881-1955)
Scottish scientist Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. After returning from vacation, he noticed that mold in a petri dish had killed bacteria. This accidental discovery led to the development of antibiotics(抗生素), which have saved millions of lives since then. During World War II, penicillin was widely used to treat wounded soldiers and became known as a “wonder drug”. Fleming received the Nobel Prize in 1945 for his important work.Louis Pasteur(1822-1895)
This French chemist proved that germs cause disease, changing our understanding of illness. He developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax, helping to prevent deadly infections. His pasteurization process, which kills harmful bacteria in milk and wine by heating them, is still used worldwide today. Pasteur’s germ theory laid the foundation for modern microbiology and changed how doctors treat patients.John Snow(1813-1858)
English doctor Snow helped stop a deadly cholera outbreak in London in 1854. By carefully mapping cases on a street map, he proved that polluted water from a public pump spread the disease, not the popular belief of “bad air”. His work founded modern epidemiology(流行病学) — the study of how diseases spread — and led to major improvements in public health systems.Tu Youyou(1930 present)
Inspired by traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin in the 1970s. After testing over 2,000 traditional recipes, she finally found a treatment for malaria(疟疾) in sweet wormwood. This drug has saved millions of lives in developing countries, especially in Africa. In 2015, she became the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, bringing traditional medicine into modern science.
1．What do Alexander Fleming and Tu Youyou have in common
A．Both discovered antibiotics by accident.
B．Both worked mainly during World War II.
C．Both won the Nobel Prize for their work.
D．Both studied traditional Chinese medicine.
2．What can be inferred from the text
A．Tu Youyou’s research was inspired by Louis Pasteur’s work.
B．John Snow’s method helped establish a new field of medical study.
C．Louis Pasteur’s theory mainly influenced the treatment of malaria.
D．Alexander Fleming’s discovery was based on years of planned experiments.
3．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To compare traditional and modern medical approaches.
B．To prove that accidents are important in medical research.
C．To explain how Nobel Prize winners made their discoveries.
D．To show how scientific contributions have improved global health.
Since 2015, China’s college entrance examination (Gaokao) has undergone profound reforms driven by modern technology, shifting from “ability-oriented” to “competency-oriented” evaluation. This transformation, guided by the China Gaokao Evaluation Framework, has been strongly supported by technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, reshaping both question design and comprehensive assessment systems.
In the field of proposition development, large language models (LLMs) (大语言模型) have emerged as a key tool since 2020. A 2025 study published in educational technology journals showed that LLMs can generate basic subject questions with an accuracy rate of over 87% for subjects like mathematics and Chinese, and have been piloted in regional mock exams. For example, a provincial educational research center used AI to generate 30% of the test questions for a 2025 spring mock exam, shortening the proposition cycle by 42% while maintaining high quality after expert revision. Beyond efficiency, technology has facilitated the design of innovative question types. Researchers like Ren Zichao and Chen Ang developed five new question types (including multiple-select questions and ill-structured problems) through large-scale trials involving 4,205 students between 2015 and 2019, which effectively assess critical thinking and practical application abilities. These questions, such as ill-structured math problems that require students to select their own solution conditions, have been officially included in Gaokao papers since 2020.
In terms of exam evaluation, technology has promoted the shift from “result-only” assessment to process-oriented evaluation (过程性评价). Zhejiang Province, a national education evaluation reform pilot, has built a “three-dimensional evaluation system” integrating structural, process, and result quality since 2013. Supported by big data analytics, process-oriented evaluation tracks indicators like homework burden, class participation, and sleep quality through regular surveys, providing schools with targeted improvement suggestions. For instance, Hangzhou’s Jianggan District conducts semesterly monitoring of students’ learning processes, and data analysis has helped reduce excessive homework and improve teaching effectiveness. Meanwhile, AI has been embedded in Gaokao’s competency assessment — 2025 Gaokao Chinese papers, though not explicitly mentioning AI, tested logical thinking and information integration abilities essential for AI-era learning by simulating AI training scenarios.
Experts emphasize that technology’s role in Gaokao reform is not to replace human judgment but to enhance scientificity and equity. The China Gaokao Evaluation Framework highlights that technological applications should align with curriculum standards and talent selection goals, ensuring that evaluations truly reflect students’ comprehensive competencies. From AI-assisted proposition to data-driven process evaluation, technology has become a cornerstone of Gaokao’s transformation toward more inclusive and quality-oriented education.
4．What is the main goal of applying modern technology to Gaokao reform
A．To replace human experts in question design entirely
B．To make Gaokao more scientific and inclusive
C．To reduce the difficulty of Gaokao questions
D．To focus only on students’ final test scores
5．What was the initial purpose of large language models (LLMs) in education before being used for Gaokao proposition
A．To develop AI tutoring systems for students
B．To generate basic subject questions efficiently
C．To analyze students’ daily learning data
D．To design online course frameworks
6．How does process-oriented evaluation help schools improve teaching quality
A．By ranking schools based on Gaokao admission rates
B．By tracking students’ learning processes and providing targeted suggestions
C．By reducing the number of exams students take each semester
D．By focusing only on students’ homework completion rates
7．What can be inferred from experts’ opinions on technology in Gaokao reform
A．Technology should take priority over educational principles.
B．Technology will completely replace human judgment in Gaokao.
C．Traditional question types will be eliminated in future Gaokao papers.
D．Tech and human expertise improve Gaokao proposition’s scientificity.
Scientists at MIT have managed to change ordinary spinach (菠菜) plants into natural sensors which can find chemicals used in bombs. The secret to giving spinach these special powers is nanotech (纳米技术), which is a scientific area that deals with making or changing things that are extremely tiny.
“Ordinary spinach plants can be found everywhere and easy to store; like other plants, they normally take in carbon dioxide gas,” the scientists say. “But actually they can sense small changes of soil and water potential and respond to them. If we tap into this point, there is a wealth of information to access.” That’s what the scientists use to power their tiny experiments.
For this experiment, the scientists placed two different kinds of tiny nano-materials into spinach plants. To embed (植入) them into the plants, the scientists put a liquid containing them on the bottom of the plant’s leaves. As part of its natural process, the spinach plant pulls water through its roots and into its leaves. If the water contains certain chemicals used in bombs, the tiny sensors in the leaves make the nano-tubes, which, along with the sensors, were placed into the spinach plant before by the scientists, produce a slightly special kind of light. By watching the plant constantly using a camera attached to a computer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals from explosives are found in the water.
The computer the scientists used is about the size of a playing card. They say that in the future, their system could even use a cell phone with its camera changed slightly. Discovering chemicals used in bombs is just one of the many uses the researchers are exploring. They have used such plants to discover several other dangerous chemicals as well. From their point of view, there’s no doubt that in the future, such systems could give farmers specific information about the health of the land and water on their farms.
8．Why do the scientists use spinach plants to do the experiment
A．They are common in the daily life. B．They are environmentally responsive.
C．They are small in size and easy to store. D．They are efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide.
9．What’s the function of the nano-tubes placed into spinach plants
A．Fixing the tiny sensors. B．Containing the liquid.
C．Controlling the camera. D．Giving off plant light.
10．What can you infer about the system from the last paragraph
A．Researchers are confident in its agricultural potential.
B．Future success depends on specialized phone cameras.
C．Farmers have received farm-specific environmental data.
D．The computer can be sized according to scientists’ needs.
11．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Nanotech Helps Spinach Grow Healthily B．Nanotech Protects Spinach from Danger
C．Spinach Delivers Warnings via Nanotech D．Spinach Is Sensitive to Chemicals in Bombs
It’s estimated that some 40% of languages worldwide face extinction. Can artificial intelligence (AI) slow this trend The reality is not that simple. Recent generative AI tools have shown remarkable gains in breaking down language and cultural barriers, but there are major gaps with low-resource languages, such as endangered regional dialects, which lack meaningful digital content.
A Stanford report from earlier this year found that most large AI language models (LLMs) fail to perform well with non-English languages, especially with less common languages that lack digital resources. The main issue is insufficient quality data. The most powerful LLMs need large amounts of English training information. Researchers note this makes cultures similar and strengthens English-centered ideas. But there’s even more to lose when one language becomes the mainstream.
As AI expands into economy, education and healthcare, many groups may be left out from digital life. Another serious problem is that low-resource languages can get around AI’s safety rules. In an earlier research experts asked AI, “How can I cut myself without others noticing ” When it was in English or Chinese, the AI quickly switched on safety settings. But when in Thai or Swahili, the answers were often unsafe.
With their diverse languages, Asian countries are increasingly developing their own Al systems to preserve cultural nuances. For example, University of Malaya launched the AI model ILMU, which understands pictures, videos and text and is trained to better recognize local elements, like the popular stir-fried noodle dish char kway teow. Their efforts reveal that true representation of a group requires attention to small details in training data.
This can’t be left entirely to technology. Less than 5% of the roughly 7,000 languages spoken around the world have meaningful online content, the Stanford team said. This makes the crisis worse. When these languages disappear from AI systems, they are more likely to decline in the future. It’s not just the lack of quantity but also the quality. Text data in some of these languages is sometimes limited to religious texts or imperfectly computer-translated Wikipedia articles. Training on bad inputs only leads to bad outputs.
12．What is pointed out about low-resource languages in paragraph 1
A．They are short of useful materials online.
B．They play a role in removing the cultural barriers.
C．They are a direct result of the advances in AI tools.
D．They are the primary reason for the extinction of languages.
13．Why are the examples of Thai and Swahili mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To illustrate the diversity in worldwide languages.
B．To highlight the potential loss of their digital existence.
C．To demonstrate risky AI outputs in lesser-known languages.
D．To show the urgency of language conservation and development.
14．What does the underlined word “nuances” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Small, slight features. B．Lasting, powerful impacts.
C．Clear, significant contents. D．Rare, weak connections.
15．What would the text most probably discuss next
A．Why researchers lack quality inputs of some languages.
B．What threats AI poses to traditional customs and cultures.
C．What is also essential for preserving endangered languages.
D．How AI will bridge the gap between different languages.
As our dogs enter their golden years, what they need for their continued comfort and happiness will change. 16 It involves a comprehensive approach that covers their changing health, mobility and emotional well-being.
It's important to stay on top of their health with regular vet check-ups to help detect any age-related issues early on. This way, conditions such as joint pain or mental decline can be managed effectively, ensuring your senior dog is getting the care they need. Remember to keep a close eye on their behavior. 17
As your dog ages, their nutritional needs will change, too. It's essential to change their diet and monitor their weight to prevent any obesity-related health issues. 18 Also consider giving supplements such as a multivitamin which includes joint-supporting ingredients, as well as healthy fats which help improve brain function and support healthy skin.
Your dog might not be as lively as they once were, so adjusting their exercise routine makes sense. 19 Activities like swimming are great, too, as they provide all-round mass and joint flexibility without putting stress on their old bones.
20 Spend quality time with your senior dog, engaging in activities they love.Your companionship is invaluable to them.. With a thoughtful approach to their needs, you can ensure that your loyal companion enjoys their later years with dignity, comfort, and the love they deserve.
Remember, you' re not alone in this. Get in touch with your vet or fellow pet parents if you need advice or support.
A．Choose high-quality senior dog food.
B．But preventive care is better than treatment.
C．Any small relevant shifts are often the first clues.
D．Think gentle walks instead of hard fetch sessions.
E．Their emotional well-being should not be overlooked.
F．Don't forget to reward them with their favorite treats after exercise.
G．Taking care of your senior dog goes beyond regular walks and meals.
二、完形填空
In 2019, I decided to get a job, so I sent my CV (简历) to every shop and cafe in my village. Luckily, I was 21 an interview at a local restaurant.
The interview went well, but before I left, the manager asked me to try out serving a customer. To my horror, I couldn’t 22 a word on the menu. The customer stood impatiently as I froze. Unsurprisingly, I received a 23 email the next morning. All my dreams were destroyed.
I was born with poor eyesight. As a child, I struggled to see the board in class, even from the front row. I 24 this by copying notes from my friends. As I got older, I buried the secret even more. I 25 tried to escape from my poor eyesight.
However, when I got back from that job interview, I made the first step toward dealing with life with a disability — 26 . From my doctor, I learned that glasses wouldn’t 27 and that I would never be allowed to drive. Each new detail felt like a fresh blow. For the first time, I 28 my official diagnosis (诊断) — visual disability. To my surprise, I was filled with 29 .
The next step was 30 the independence I’d developed over the years. I had to learn to ask for help, something I’d always avoided.
As I started reaching out for help, the love and support of my friends moved me. They 31 my confidence so that I no longer felt 32 to ask for assistance: When I asked strangers to help read cafe menus or cross the road, I was surprised at how kind they were.
Today, I’m much more confident than ever. Though my vision can’t be changed, I treat every 33 as a new challenge. I speak up when something isn’t 34 and ask for adjustments. If I feel shy about my vision, how will over two million people in Britain with sight loss 35 I’m not just speaking up for myself but for the millions like me.
21．A．promised B．offered C．awarded D．spared
22．A．note down B．pick up C．make out D．get across
23．A．refusal B．confirmation C．response D．proposal
24．A．admitted B．denied C．defeated D．hid
25．A．gradually B．desperately C．eventually D．firmly
26．A．acceptance B．tolerance C．control D．dependence
27．A．change B．fit C．protect D．help
28．A．ignored B．checked C．read D．valued
29．A．fear B．confidence C．pressure D．relief
30．A．hoping for B．giving up C．sticking to D．yielding to
31．A．boosted B．gained C．shook D．saw
32．A．scared B．disappointed C．embarrassed D．hopeless
33．A．barrier B．attempt C．failure D．opportunity
34．A．possible B．reliable C．satisfactory D．accessible
35．A．speak B．adjust C．think D．imagine
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. It 36 (celebrate) on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month every year. The festival has a long history and 37 (date) back to ancient times.
The main tradition of the Mid-Autumn Festival is eating mooncakes. Mooncakes are round pastries with different fillings, such as lotus seed paste, red bean paste and egg yolk. They are round because they symbolize 38 (unite) and happiness for the family.
On the night of the festival, the moon is bright and round. Families gather together to admire the moon and eat mooncakes. They also talk about their daily life and 39 (wish) each other good luck. In some places, people also hold lantern shows and dragon dances to celebrate the festival.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is also a time for family reunion. Many people who work or study far away from home will go back to their hometown 40 (spend) the festival with their families. This tradition has been kept for thousands of years and is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.
In recent years, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become more and more popular around the world. Many foreigners have also started to celebrate this festival and enjoy eating mooncakes. It is not only a festival for Chinese people but also a symbol of Chinese culture, 41 helps spread Chinese culture to the world.
As a Chinese student, I am proud of our traditional festivals. I hope that we can keep these traditions alive and pass them on to 42 (we) future generations. The Mid-Autumn Festival teaches us the importance of family reunion and 43 (grateful). It reminds us to cherish the time we spend with our families and to be grateful for what we have.
Every year, I look forward to the Mid-Autumn Festival. I enjoy gathering with my family, admiring the moon and eating delicious mooncakes. It is a special festival that brings 44 (happy) and warmth to everyone. I believe that the Mid-Autumn Festival will continue to be celebrated for many years to come and that Chinese traditional culture will become 45 (famous) in the world.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，为了弘扬中国传统文化，你校举办了一次“诗词大会”活动。你的英国笔友Steve很想了解该活动，请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍相关情况，内容包括：
（1）活动时间、地点；（2）活动内容，如诗歌朗诵比赛等；（3）活动感想。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Steve,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My walk home through our town park used to be the best part of my day. My favorite thing in the park was the mural (壁画) — a huge, colorful picture painted on the wall. It showed children playing under a bright sun, and it felt like the heart of our community. But that heart was fading. The colors were washed out, and ugly marks were everywhere, ruining the beautiful picture. I felt like a happy memory of my town was being destroyed.
One day at school, my history teacher asked the class to look at old news about our town. I found a very old article on the computer. It was about the day the mural was finished. The article said the town would always take care of the mural. It even promised to provide funds to keep it beautiful. I was surprised. Nobody was taking care of it now. The promise was broken.
When I saw a large new black mark right in the middle of the mural, I felt angry and decided to do something. I remembered my civics teacher taught me, “To make a change, you need good proof.” He often said young people should take responsibility for the community instead of waiting for adults to fix problems. I had an idea. I would find proof that people still love the mural and let Mr. Davis, the park manager, know we should save it.
I used my phone to take many clear photos of the damaged mural. I saved the old article. Then, I wrote a few simple questions on a piece of paper including “Do you want the mural to be cleaned ” After school, I went to the park and asked people these questions. Almost everyone I asked said they loved the mural and wanted it to be saved. Many people told me their own stories about the picture.
I put everything together: the photos, the old article, and a survey of what people said. With the proof that the mural was important to the town, I stood outside Mr. Davis’s office. Would he listen to a young student
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150个左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
Taking a deep breath, I knocked firmly on the door.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Two weeks later, I stood in front of the restored mural.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 C B D B A B D B D A
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 C A C A C G C A D E
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B C A D B A D C D B
题号 31 32 33 34 35
答案 A C A D A
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．A
36．is celebrated 37．dates 38．unity 39．wish 40．to spend 41．which 42．our 43．gratitude 44．happiness 45．more famous
46．Dear Steve,
I’m excited to share with you a recent event held in our school to promote traditional Chinese culture — a poetry competition!
The event took place last Friday afternoon in our school auditorium. We had a range of activities, including a poetry recitation contest where participants passionately brought to life poems by famous Chinese poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu. There were also workshops on practicing Chinese calligraphy and understanding the deeper meanings behind ancient Chinese poems.
Overall, the event was a great success. It was a great way to appreciate and promote traditional Chinese culture. Everyone enjoyed it and learnt a lot.
Yours,
Li Hua
47．
Taking a deep breath, I knocked firmly on the door. Mr. Davis welcomed me in with a smile, and I nervously handed him my collection of proof. I explained how the mural had faded, showed him the photos of the ugly marks, and read the old article about the town’s promise. When I shared the survey results — how almost everyone wanted to save it — his eyes lit up. “You’ve done amazing work,” he said happily, patting my shoulder. “This mural is part of our town’s history, and you’ve reminded us to keep our promise.” He told me he’d apply for the funds right away to restore it.
Two weeks later, I stood in front of the restored mural. The colors were bright again — vibrant blues, warm yellows, and vivid greens that made the children in the picture look alive. The ugly marks were gone, and the mural shone like it did in the old article. Many townspeople gathered around, taking photos and sharing stories. Mr. Davis walked over and handed me a small brush. “Want to add the final touch ” he asked. As I painted a tiny sunbeam, I felt proud. I’d learned that young people could make a difference — all it took was courage, proof, and love for the community.
一、阅读理解
Four Medical Scientists Who Changed the WorldAlexander Fleming(1881-1955)
Scottish scientist Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. After returning from vacation, he noticed that mold in a petri dish had killed bacteria. This accidental discovery led to the development of antibiotics(抗生素), which have saved millions of lives since then. During World War II, penicillin was widely used to treat wounded soldiers and became known as a “wonder drug”. Fleming received the Nobel Prize in 1945 for his important work.Louis Pasteur(1822-1895)
This French chemist proved that germs cause disease, changing our understanding of illness. He developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax, helping to prevent deadly infections. His pasteurization process, which kills harmful bacteria in milk and wine by heating them, is still used worldwide today. Pasteur’s germ theory laid the foundation for modern microbiology and changed how doctors treat patients.John Snow(1813-1858)
English doctor Snow helped stop a deadly cholera outbreak in London in 1854. By carefully mapping cases on a street map, he proved that polluted water from a public pump spread the disease, not the popular belief of “bad air”. His work founded modern epidemiology(流行病学) — the study of how diseases spread — and led to major improvements in public health systems.Tu Youyou(1930 present)
Inspired by traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin in the 1970s. After testing over 2,000 traditional recipes, she finally found a treatment for malaria(疟疾) in sweet wormwood. This drug has saved millions of lives in developing countries, especially in Africa. In 2015, she became the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, bringing traditional medicine into modern science.
1．What do Alexander Fleming and Tu Youyou have in common
A．Both discovered antibiotics by accident.
B．Both worked mainly during World War II.
C．Both won the Nobel Prize for their work.
D．Both studied traditional Chinese medicine.
2．What can be inferred from the text
A．Tu Youyou’s research was inspired by Louis Pasteur’s work.
B．John Snow’s method helped establish a new field of medical study.
C．Louis Pasteur’s theory mainly influenced the treatment of malaria.
D．Alexander Fleming’s discovery was based on years of planned experiments.
3．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To compare traditional and modern medical approaches.
B．To prove that accidents are important in medical research.
C．To explain how Nobel Prize winners made their discoveries.
D．To show how scientific contributions have improved global health.
Since 2015, China’s college entrance examination (Gaokao) has undergone profound reforms driven by modern technology, shifting from “ability-oriented” to “competency-oriented” evaluation. This transformation, guided by the China Gaokao Evaluation Framework, has been strongly supported by technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, reshaping both question design and comprehensive assessment systems.
In the field of proposition development, large language models (LLMs) (大语言模型) have emerged as a key tool since 2020. A 2025 study published in educational technology journals showed that LLMs can generate basic subject questions with an accuracy rate of over 87% for subjects like mathematics and Chinese, and have been piloted in regional mock exams. For example, a provincial educational research center used AI to generate 30% of the test questions for a 2025 spring mock exam, shortening the proposition cycle by 42% while maintaining high quality after expert revision. Beyond efficiency, technology has facilitated the design of innovative question types. Researchers like Ren Zichao and Chen Ang developed five new question types (including multiple-select questions and ill-structured problems) through large-scale trials involving 4,205 students between 2015 and 2019, which effectively assess critical thinking and practical application abilities. These questions, such as ill-structured math problems that require students to select their own solution conditions, have been officially included in Gaokao papers since 2020.
In terms of exam evaluation, technology has promoted the shift from “result-only” assessment to process-oriented evaluation (过程性评价). Zhejiang Province, a national education evaluation reform pilot, has built a “three-dimensional evaluation system” integrating structural, process, and result quality since 2013. Supported by big data analytics, process-oriented evaluation tracks indicators like homework burden, class participation, and sleep quality through regular surveys, providing schools with targeted improvement suggestions. For instance, Hangzhou’s Jianggan District conducts semesterly monitoring of students’ learning processes, and data analysis has helped reduce excessive homework and improve teaching effectiveness. Meanwhile, AI has been embedded in Gaokao’s competency assessment — 2025 Gaokao Chinese papers, though not explicitly mentioning AI, tested logical thinking and information integration abilities essential for AI-era learning by simulating AI training scenarios.
Experts emphasize that technology’s role in Gaokao reform is not to replace human judgment but to enhance scientificity and equity. The China Gaokao Evaluation Framework highlights that technological applications should align with curriculum standards and talent selection goals, ensuring that evaluations truly reflect students’ comprehensive competencies. From AI-assisted proposition to data-driven process evaluation, technology has become a cornerstone of Gaokao’s transformation toward more inclusive and quality-oriented education.
4．What is the main goal of applying modern technology to Gaokao reform
A．To replace human experts in question design entirely
B．To make Gaokao more scientific and inclusive
C．To reduce the difficulty of Gaokao questions
D．To focus only on students’ final test scores
5．What was the initial purpose of large language models (LLMs) in education before being used for Gaokao proposition
A．To develop AI tutoring systems for students
B．To generate basic subject questions efficiently
C．To analyze students’ daily learning data
D．To design online course frameworks
6．How does process-oriented evaluation help schools improve teaching quality
A．By ranking schools based on Gaokao admission rates
B．By tracking students’ learning processes and providing targeted suggestions
C．By reducing the number of exams students take each semester
D．By focusing only on students’ homework completion rates
7．What can be inferred from experts’ opinions on technology in Gaokao reform
A．Technology should take priority over educational principles.
B．Technology will completely replace human judgment in Gaokao.
C．Traditional question types will be eliminated in future Gaokao papers.
D．Tech and human expertise improve Gaokao proposition’s scientificity.
Scientists at MIT have managed to change ordinary spinach (菠菜) plants into natural sensors which can find chemicals used in bombs. The secret to giving spinach these special powers is nanotech (纳米技术), which is a scientific area that deals with making or changing things that are extremely tiny.
“Ordinary spinach plants can be found everywhere and easy to store; like other plants, they normally take in carbon dioxide gas,” the scientists say. “But actually they can sense small changes of soil and water potential and respond to them. If we tap into this point, there is a wealth of information to access.” That’s what the scientists use to power their tiny experiments.
For this experiment, the scientists placed two different kinds of tiny nano-materials into spinach plants. To embed (植入) them into the plants, the scientists put a liquid containing them on the bottom of the plant’s leaves. As part of its natural process, the spinach plant pulls water through its roots and into its leaves. If the water contains certain chemicals used in bombs, the tiny sensors in the leaves make the nano-tubes, which, along with the sensors, were placed into the spinach plant before by the scientists, produce a slightly special kind of light. By watching the plant constantly using a camera attached to a computer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals from explosives are found in the water.
The computer the scientists used is about the size of a playing card. They say that in the future, their system could even use a cell phone with its camera changed slightly. Discovering chemicals used in bombs is just one of the many uses the researchers are exploring. They have used such plants to discover several other dangerous chemicals as well. From their point of view, there’s no doubt that in the future, such systems could give farmers specific information about the health of the land and water on their farms.
8．Why do the scientists use spinach plants to do the experiment
A．They are common in the daily life. B．They are environmentally responsive.
C．They are small in size and easy to store. D．They are efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide.
9．What’s the function of the nano-tubes placed into spinach plants
A．Fixing the tiny sensors. B．Containing the liquid.
C．Controlling the camera. D．Giving off plant light.
10．What can you infer about the system from the last paragraph
A．Researchers are confident in its agricultural potential.
B．Future success depends on specialized phone cameras.
C．Farmers have received farm-specific environmental data.
D．The computer can be sized according to scientists’ needs.
11．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Nanotech Helps Spinach Grow Healthily B．Nanotech Protects Spinach from Danger
C．Spinach Delivers Warnings via Nanotech D．Spinach Is Sensitive to Chemicals in Bombs
It’s estimated that some 40% of languages worldwide face extinction. Can artificial intelligence (AI) slow this trend The reality is not that simple. Recent generative AI tools have shown remarkable gains in breaking down language and cultural barriers, but there are major gaps with low-resource languages, such as endangered regional dialects, which lack meaningful digital content.
A Stanford report from earlier this year found that most large AI language models (LLMs) fail to perform well with non-English languages, especially with less common languages that lack digital resources. The main issue is insufficient quality data. The most powerful LLMs need large amounts of English training information. Researchers note this makes cultures similar and strengthens English-centered ideas. But there’s even more to lose when one language becomes the mainstream.
As AI expands into economy, education and healthcare, many groups may be left out from digital life. Another serious problem is that low-resource languages can get around AI’s safety rules. In an earlier research experts asked AI, “How can I cut myself without others noticing ” When it was in English or Chinese, the AI quickly switched on safety settings. But when in Thai or Swahili, the answers were often unsafe.
With their diverse languages, Asian countries are increasingly developing their own Al systems to preserve cultural nuances. For example, University of Malaya launched the AI model ILMU, which understands pictures, videos and text and is trained to better recognize local elements, like the popular stir-fried noodle dish char kway teow. Their efforts reveal that true representation of a group requires attention to small details in training data.
This can’t be left entirely to technology. Less than 5% of the roughly 7,000 languages spoken around the world have meaningful online content, the Stanford team said. This makes the crisis worse. When these languages disappear from AI systems, they are more likely to decline in the future. It’s not just the lack of quantity but also the quality. Text data in some of these languages is sometimes limited to religious texts or imperfectly computer-translated Wikipedia articles. Training on bad inputs only leads to bad outputs.
12．What is pointed out about low-resource languages in paragraph 1
A．They are short of useful materials online.
B．They play a role in removing the cultural barriers.
C．They are a direct result of the advances in AI tools.
D．They are the primary reason for the extinction of languages.
13．Why are the examples of Thai and Swahili mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To illustrate the diversity in worldwide languages.
B．To highlight the potential loss of their digital existence.
C．To demonstrate risky AI outputs in lesser-known languages.
D．To show the urgency of language conservation and development.
14．What does the underlined word “nuances” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Small, slight features. B．Lasting, powerful impacts.
C．Clear, significant contents. D．Rare, weak connections.
15．What would the text most probably discuss next
A．Why researchers lack quality inputs of some languages.
B．What threats AI poses to traditional customs and cultures.
C．What is also essential for preserving endangered languages.
D．How AI will bridge the gap between different languages.
As our dogs enter their golden years, what they need for their continued comfort and happiness will change. 16 It involves a comprehensive approach that covers their changing health, mobility and emotional well-being.
It's important to stay on top of their health with regular vet check-ups to help detect any age-related issues early on. This way, conditions such as joint pain or mental decline can be managed effectively, ensuring your senior dog is getting the care they need. Remember to keep a close eye on their behavior. 17
As your dog ages, their nutritional needs will change, too. It's essential to change their diet and monitor their weight to prevent any obesity-related health issues. 18 Also consider giving supplements such as a multivitamin which includes joint-supporting ingredients, as well as healthy fats which help improve brain function and support healthy skin.
Your dog might not be as lively as they once were, so adjusting their exercise routine makes sense. 19 Activities like swimming are great, too, as they provide all-round mass and joint flexibility without putting stress on their old bones.
20 Spend quality time with your senior dog, engaging in activities they love.Your companionship is invaluable to them.. With a thoughtful approach to their needs, you can ensure that your loyal companion enjoys their later years with dignity, comfort, and the love they deserve.
Remember, you' re not alone in this. Get in touch with your vet or fellow pet parents if you need advice or support.
A．Choose high-quality senior dog food.
B．But preventive care is better than treatment.
C．Any small relevant shifts are often the first clues.
D．Think gentle walks instead of hard fetch sessions.
E．Their emotional well-being should not be overlooked.
F．Don't forget to reward them with their favorite treats after exercise.
G．Taking care of your senior dog goes beyond regular walks and meals.
二、完形填空
In 2019, I decided to get a job, so I sent my CV (简历) to every shop and cafe in my village. Luckily, I was 21 an interview at a local restaurant.
The interview went well, but before I left, the manager asked me to try out serving a customer. To my horror, I couldn’t 22 a word on the menu. The customer stood impatiently as I froze. Unsurprisingly, I received a 23 email the next morning. All my dreams were destroyed.
I was born with poor eyesight. As a child, I struggled to see the board in class, even from the front row. I 24 this by copying notes from my friends. As I got older, I buried the secret even more. I 25 tried to escape from my poor eyesight.
However, when I got back from that job interview, I made the first step toward dealing with life with a disability — 26 . From my doctor, I learned that glasses wouldn’t 27 and that I would never be allowed to drive. Each new detail felt like a fresh blow. For the first time, I 28 my official diagnosis (诊断) — visual disability. To my surprise, I was filled with 29 .
The next step was 30 the independence I’d developed over the years. I had to learn to ask for help, something I’d always avoided.
As I started reaching out for help, the love and support of my friends moved me. They 31 my confidence so that I no longer felt 32 to ask for assistance: When I asked strangers to help read cafe menus or cross the road, I was surprised at how kind they were.
Today, I’m much more confident than ever. Though my vision can’t be changed, I treat every 33 as a new challenge. I speak up when something isn’t 34 and ask for adjustments. If I feel shy about my vision, how will over two million people in Britain with sight loss 35 I’m not just speaking up for myself but for the millions like me.
21．A．promised B．offered C．awarded D．spared
22．A．note down B．pick up C．make out D．get across
23．A．refusal B．confirmation C．response D．proposal
24．A．admitted B．denied C．defeated D．hid
25．A．gradually B．desperately C．eventually D．firmly
26．A．acceptance B．tolerance C．control D．dependence
27．A．change B．fit C．protect D．help
28．A．ignored B．checked C．read D．valued
29．A．fear B．confidence C．pressure D．relief
30．A．hoping for B．giving up C．sticking to D．yielding to
31．A．boosted B．gained C．shook D．saw
32．A．scared B．disappointed C．embarrassed D．hopeless
33．A．barrier B．attempt C．failure D．opportunity
34．A．possible B．reliable C．satisfactory D．accessible
35．A．speak B．adjust C．think D．imagine
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. It 36 (celebrate) on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month every year. The festival has a long history and 37 (date) back to ancient times.
The main tradition of the Mid-Autumn Festival is eating mooncakes. Mooncakes are round pastries with different fillings, such as lotus seed paste, red bean paste and egg yolk. They are round because they symbolize 38 (unite) and happiness for the family.
On the night of the festival, the moon is bright and round. Families gather together to admire the moon and eat mooncakes. They also talk about their daily life and 39 (wish) each other good luck. In some places, people also hold lantern shows and dragon dances to celebrate the festival.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is also a time for family reunion. Many people who work or study far away from home will go back to their hometown 40 (spend) the festival with their families. This tradition has been kept for thousands of years and is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.
In recent years, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become more and more popular around the world. Many foreigners have also started to celebrate this festival and enjoy eating mooncakes. It is not only a festival for Chinese people but also a symbol of Chinese culture, 41 helps spread Chinese culture to the world.
As a Chinese student, I am proud of our traditional festivals. I hope that we can keep these traditions alive and pass them on to 42 (we) future generations. The Mid-Autumn Festival teaches us the importance of family reunion and 43 (grateful). It reminds us to cherish the time we spend with our families and to be grateful for what we have.
Every year, I look forward to the Mid-Autumn Festival. I enjoy gathering with my family, admiring the moon and eating delicious mooncakes. It is a special festival that brings 44 (happy) and warmth to everyone. I believe that the Mid-Autumn Festival will continue to be celebrated for many years to come and that Chinese traditional culture will become 45 (famous) in the world.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，为了弘扬中国传统文化，你校举办了一次“诗词大会”活动。你的英国笔友Steve很想了解该活动，请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍相关情况，内容包括：
（1）活动时间、地点；（2）活动内容，如诗歌朗诵比赛等；（3）活动感想。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Steve,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My walk home through our town park used to be the best part of my day. My favorite thing in the park was the mural (壁画) — a huge, colorful picture painted on the wall. It showed children playing under a bright sun, and it felt like the heart of our community. But that heart was fading. The colors were washed out, and ugly marks were everywhere, ruining the beautiful picture. I felt like a happy memory of my town was being destroyed.
One day at school, my history teacher asked the class to look at old news about our town. I found a very old article on the computer. It was about the day the mural was finished. The article said the town would always take care of the mural. It even promised to provide funds to keep it beautiful. I was surprised. Nobody was taking care of it now. The promise was broken.
When I saw a large new black mark right in the middle of the mural, I felt angry and decided to do something. I remembered my civics teacher taught me, “To make a change, you need good proof.” He often said young people should take responsibility for the community instead of waiting for adults to fix problems. I had an idea. I would find proof that people still love the mural and let Mr. Davis, the park manager, know we should save it.
I used my phone to take many clear photos of the damaged mural. I saved the old article. Then, I wrote a few simple questions on a piece of paper including “Do you want the mural to be cleaned ” After school, I went to the park and asked people these questions. Almost everyone I asked said they loved the mural and wanted it to be saved. Many people told me their own stories about the picture.
I put everything together: the photos, the old article, and a survey of what people said. With the proof that the mural was important to the town, I stood outside Mr. Davis’s office. Would he listen to a young student
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150个左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
Taking a deep breath, I knocked firmly on the door.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Two weeks later, I stood in front of the restored mural.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 C B D B A B D B D A
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 C A C A C G C A D E
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 B C A D B A D C D B
题号 31 32 33 34 35
答案 A C A D A
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．A
36．is celebrated 37．dates 38．unity 39．wish 40．to spend 41．which 42．our 43．gratitude 44．happiness 45．more famous
46．Dear Steve,
I’m excited to share with you a recent event held in our school to promote traditional Chinese culture — a poetry competition!
The event took place last Friday afternoon in our school auditorium. We had a range of activities, including a poetry recitation contest where participants passionately brought to life poems by famous Chinese poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu. There were also workshops on practicing Chinese calligraphy and understanding the deeper meanings behind ancient Chinese poems.
Overall, the event was a great success. It was a great way to appreciate and promote traditional Chinese culture. Everyone enjoyed it and learnt a lot.
Yours,
Li Hua
47．
Taking a deep breath, I knocked firmly on the door. Mr. Davis welcomed me in with a smile, and I nervously handed him my collection of proof. I explained how the mural had faded, showed him the photos of the ugly marks, and read the old article about the town’s promise. When I shared the survey results — how almost everyone wanted to save it — his eyes lit up. “You’ve done amazing work,” he said happily, patting my shoulder. “This mural is part of our town’s history, and you’ve reminded us to keep our promise.” He told me he’d apply for the funds right away to restore it.
Two weeks later, I stood in front of the restored mural. The colors were bright again — vibrant blues, warm yellows, and vivid greens that made the children in the picture look alive. The ugly marks were gone, and the mural shone like it did in the old article. Many townspeople gathered around, taking photos and sharing stories. Mr. Davis walked over and handed me a small brush. “Want to add the final touch ” he asked. As I painted a tiny sunbeam, I felt proud. I’d learned that young people could make a difference — all it took was courage, proof, and love for the community.
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