课件75张PPT。MODULE 5(5)Grammar & writing黑龙江省哈尔滨市 邱尚瑛 A trip along
the three?Gorge?1. Grammar – Modal Verbs.
2. Talk and write about tourist and geographic words correctly.Modal Verbs1. Master the grammar.
2. Use the modal verbs correctly Today we will review the usage of modal verbs.
Look at the sentences please! Modal VerbsGrammarGrammar Look at the following sentences, translate them into Chinese and try to say what characteristic these sentences have. Grammar1) You should go to school on time. 你应该按时到校。 2) We must hand in our paper this afternoon. 我们今天午后必须上交论文。 Grammar Grammar3) You must finish your homework before go out to play.你必须先完成作业后才能出去玩。 4) We can be there tomorrow evening. 我们明天晚间能到那里。 5) They should do like this. 他们应该这样做。 6) You may do that. 你可以那样做。 The usage of modal verbsGrammarI. 情态动词概述：
情态动词有 can、could； may、might；must、have to；shall、should；will、 would；dare；need；ought to 等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 GrammarII. 情态动词的构成： GrammarIII. 情态动词的主要用法：
1. can， could
1）表示能力
Can you lift this heavy box?
你能搬起这只箱子吗？
Mary can speak three languages.
玛丽能讲3种语言。
Can you skate? 你会滑冰吗？ Grammar 1. can， could
1）【温馨提示】
表示能力时可用 be able to 代替，
can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；
be able to有各种的时态。
I’ll not be able to come tomorrow.
我明天不能来。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar 1. can， could
1）【温馨提示】
表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时
用 be able to，不能用can。
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
尽管下大雨，他昨天晚上还是去参加了晚会。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar 1. can， could
2）表示请求和允许。
--- Can I go now?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
我现在可以走了吗？
可以了。/不行，你不能走。
此时可与may互换。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar 1. can， could
2）【温馨提示】
在疑问句中还可用could，might代替表示语气更委婉，但此时的could，might不能用于肯定句和答语中。
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. / No, I’m afraid not.
我明天能来看你吗？
可以的。/ 恐怕不行。。 III. 情态动词的主要用法：III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar 1. can， could
3）表示客观可能性。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we
can go by bus instead.
他们已经更改了时刻表，所以我们
可能乘汽车去。
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
这个大厅至少能容纳500人。Grammar1. can， could
4）表示推测，用于疑问句、
否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true? 这能是真的吗？
This can’t be done by him.
这不可能是他干的。
How can this be true?
这怎么可能是真的呢？III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar2. may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。
might 比 may语气更委婉。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
--- Might / May I smoke in this room?
--- No, you mustn’t.
我能在这个房间里吸烟吗？
不行，不能在这儿吸烟。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar2. may, might
1）--- May / Might I take this book
out of the room?
--- Yes, you can.
--- No, you can’t / mustn’t.
我能把这本书带出房间吗？
行，可以的。
不行，不允许。。
III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar2. may, might
1）【温馨提示】
表示推测时，不表示时态，
可能性比may 小。
用 May I ...? 征徇对方许可时比较正式，
用 Can I ... ? 在口语中更常见。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed !
祝你成功！
III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar2. may, might
3）表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。
might 所表示的可能性比 may 小。
He may / might be very busy now.
他现在可能很忙。
Your mother may /might not know
the truth.
你妈妈可能不知道真相。 III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar3. must, have to
1） 表示必须、必要
You must come in time.
你必须及时来。
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，
不能用 mustn’t（禁止，不准），
而用 needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar3. must, have to
1）--- Must we hand in our exercise books
today?
--- Yes, you must.
--- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
我们今天必须交练习册吗？
是的，必须交。
不，不是必须的。
III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar3. must, have to
2）must 是说话人的主观看法，
have to 强调客观需要。Must 只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。
I must go now, I have something
important to do. 我现在必须得走了，
因为我有重要的事情要做。
I had to work when I was your age.
我在你们这个年纪的时候不得不工作了。
III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar3. must, have to
3）表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的）
You’re Tom’s good friend, so you
must know what he likes best.
你是汤姆的朋友，所以你必须
了解他最喜欢的是什么。
Your mother must be waiting for you now.
你的妈妈现在一定在等你呢。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar3. must, have to
3）【温馨提示】
have to 表示由于客观因素不得不做；
must 表示说话人的主观意志、看法。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call Dr. Wang yesterday night. 我兄弟病了，
所以我不得不在夜里给王医生打电话。
He said that he must work hard.
他说他必努力工作。
III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar4. dare, need
1）dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
How dare you say I’m unfair?
你竟敢说我不公平？
He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
他不敢在这么多人面前说英语，对吧？III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar4. dare, need
1） dare 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
如果那天我们不敢去那，我们就得不到这些漂亮的花。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar4. dare, need
2）need 作情态动词用时,
常用于疑问句、否定句。
在肯定句中一般用
must, have to, ought to, should 代替。
You needn’t come so early.
你不必来这么早。 III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar4. dare, need
2）--- Need I finish the work today?
--- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
我今天需要干完这些活吗？
是的，你必须干完。/
不用，你不必干完。
【温馨提示】
dare 和 need 作实义动词用时，
有人称、时态和数的变化III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar4. dare, need
2）肯定句中，dare 接带 to 的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare可接带to或不带to的不定式。need后面只能接带to的不定式。
I dare to swim across this river.
我不敢横渡这条河。
He doesn’t dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。
He needs to finish his homework today.
他今天需要完成家庭作业。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar5. shall, should
1） shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
今晚我们该做点什么呢？
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
You shall fail if you don’t work hard.
你如果不努力就会不及格。
He shall be punished. 他会受到惩罚的。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar5. shall, should
3）should 表示义务或责任时，
意为“应该”。
We should help her to finish the task.
我们应该帮助她完成这项任务。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar6. will, would
1）表示请求、建议等，would 更委婉。
Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
请你把那个球递给我好吗？
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。
I will never do that again.
我再也不那么做了。
They asked him if he would go abroad.
他们问他是不是想要出国。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar6. will, would
3）would 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would 表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
During the vacation, he would visit me
every other day.
在假期，他每隔一天都会来看我一次。
The wound would not heal.
这个伤口不会愈合。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar6. will, would
4）表示估计和猜想。
It would be about ten o’clock when she
left home.
她离开家时大概是10点钟左右。
【温馨提示】
used to和would表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同。都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，此时可以换用。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar6. will, would
used to可表示过去习惯性的动作和经常的状态，或状态现在已经结束。
would 表示过去习惯的动作，所表示动作有可能再发生。
He used to / would smoke while writing.?
他在以前写作时常常抽烟。
I used to live in Beijing．
我过去住在北京。（没有反复性）III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar6. will, would
2）used to 惯性的动作 ，现在已经结束。
would 过去习惯的动作，有可能再发生。
She used to be fat.?
她过去很胖。（意为现在不胖了）
He would go to the park as soon as he was free．
以前，他一有空就去公园。
（现在有可能再去）III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar7. should, ought to
1）should, ought to表示应该
ought to表示义务或责任，
比should语气重。
I should help her because she is in trouble.
我要帮助她，因为她遇到了麻烦。
You ought to take care of the baby.
你应该照顾好宝宝。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar7. should, ought to
2）表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
You should / ought to go to class
right away.
你应该立即去上课。
Should I open the window?
我能把窗户打开吗?
III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar7. should, ought to
3）He must be home by now.
他现在一定到家了。
He ought to/should be home by now
他现在该到家了。
【温馨提示】
ought to 客观推测，表示客观要求。
should 主观意见，表示一种必要性。III. 情态动词的主要用法：Grammar1) can / could + have done
肯定句中：本来可以做而实际上能做某事，是虚拟语气。在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。
You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. （虚拟语气）
你本应该能做得更好，但是你没有尽全力。
He can’t have been to that town.（推测）
他不可能去过那个小镇。 IV. 情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）Grammar2) may / might +不定式完成式（have done）
表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。might所表示的可能性比may小。
He may not have finished the work.
他可能还没完成这项工作。
If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
如果我们走另一条道路，我们就能早点到达了。 IV. 情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）Grammar3) must +不定式完成式（have done）
用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。
疑问、否定形式用can，can’t代替。
You must have seen the film Titanic.
你一定看过泰坦尼克号电影了。
He must have been to Shanghai.
他一定去过上海。 IV. 情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）Grammar4）should +不定式完成式（have done）
用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。
He should have finished the work by now。
他现在应该干完这些活了。
本应该做而实际上没做 ，否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互换。
You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.) 你应该帮助他。（但是你没有） IV. 情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）Grammar5) needn’t +不定式完成式（have done）
表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
你本来不需要浇花的，因为就要下雨。 IV. 情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）Grammar6) will +不定式完成式（have done）
主要用于第二、三人称，
表示对已完成的动作
或事态的推测。
He will have arrived
by now.
他现在该到了。 IV. 情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）Grammar practiceGrammarChoose the best answer:1. There __________ some flowers in the garden.
A. were used to be B. used to be
C. uses to be D. used to be having.
2. —Mum, may I watch TV now?
—Sure, but you ________ help me with my English.
A. can B. may C. must D. couldGrammar practiceChoose the best answerGrammar3) "__________ I take it out?" "I'm sorry,
you __________."
A. Could ...couldn't B. Might...might not
C. Could...can D. May...can't
4) — ________ I download the article again?
— No, you needn’t.
A. Shall B. Will C. Must D. CanGrammar practiceChoose the best answerGrammar5) All the lights are on, the Smiths
__________ up.
A. must get B. is getting
C. must be getting D. would get
6) — Can you go skating with us this afternoon?
— Sorry, I can’t. I ________ take care of
my little sister at home.
A. can B. may
C. would D. have toGrammar practiceChoose the best answerGrammar7) He __________ lead a horse to the water
but he __________ not make it drink.
A. will...can B. May...can
C. may...dares D. Dare...can
8) — Must I hand in my exercise book today?
— No, you ________.
A. can’t B. needn’t
C. mustn’t D. won’tGrammar practiceChoose the best answerGrammar9) ---- Need we do this job now?
---- Yes, __________.
A. you need B. you should
C. you must D. you can
10) —May I have a word with you?
—No, you ________. I’m busy today.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t
C. don’t have to D. can’tGrammar practiceChoose the best answerGrammar11) __________ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you likes B. Would you like
C. Will you liked D. Have you liked
12) Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
13) --- Is John coming by train?
--- He should, but he ____ not.
He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
Grammar practiceChoose the best answerGrammar14) Michael __________ be a policeman,
for he's much too short.
A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. won't
15) Peter __________ come with us tonight,
but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. can C. may D. will1. Every rock looked like a person or animal.
Every stream carried its legends.
Every hill was heavy with the past.Read the amazing sentences and keep them in mind 块块岩石形象各异。
条条溪流流淌着传奇的故事。
座座山岗承载着厚重的过往。Writing practice2. The fish in the water is silent.
The animal on the earth is noisy.
The bird in the air is singing. 水中的鱼儿沉默着。
陆上的动物喧闹着。
空中的鸟儿歌唱着。Read the amazing sentences and keep them in mindWriting practice3. Spring is a lot of rain, but coming of Spring, all things recovery.
Summer is hot, but sun is shining and flowers blooming.
Autumn is busy, but it is golden and harvest scene every where.
Winter is cold, but drifting snow in the air take you enter into a fairy world. 春天虽然多雨，但春回大地，万物复苏。
夏日虽然炎热，但阳光明媚，鲜花盛开。
秋天虽然忙碌，但处处金黄，一片丰收的景象。
冬日虽然寒冷，但飘飘洒洒的雪花会把你带
进一个童话般的世界。Read the amazing sentences and keep them in mindWriting practice【温馨提示】
带有下划线部分是定冠词+单数名词表示一类事物的用法。可数名词有三种方式：
定冠词+单数名词；不定冠词+单数名词；
不加冠词的复数名词。
The tiger is a carnivore.
A tiger is a carnivore.
Tigers are carnivores.
以上三句中的 The tiger，a tiger，tigers 都指虎这一动物，并非特指某一只虎或某些虎。Writing practice 1. Where is your home town?
2. Where is your hometown located?
3. What is your hometown famous for?
Writing practiceRead the sentences and answer the questions. My home town is Harbin. My hometown is located in the northeast of China. My hometown is famous for The Ice City.4. When should I go there for the trip?
5. Would you like to introduce your hometown?
Writing practiceRead the sentences and answer the questions. You can come at any time. Because every season has its special features here. My hometown is very beautiful. It has had "Oriental small Paris", "Oriental Moscow" and the “Pearls under the swan” reputation. In summer, you can go to the Sun-island by boat, where is a beautiful place with fascinating scenery. In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful glittering view of ice lantern. the Snow Cartoon Castle will take you to enter into a fairy world. Writing practice Learn to write an introduction of your hometown.Do you know how to write an introduction of your hometown? let’s learn to do write it.一、写作指导
1. 根据情况可介绍家乡的概况、人口、特产等；也可以介绍家乡的旅游景点、家乡的特色等。
2. 时态一般用现在时。
3. 一般分三个部分。第一部分概述；第二部分介绍你家乡的特色及旅游景点等，这一部分可以根据你想介绍的内容分成若干小段。第三部分进行总结。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。Writing practice Learn to write an introduction of your hometown.二、关键词语
1. 常用词语：
be located in ...
cover an area of ...
with a population of ...
has a history of ...
be rich in ...
be famous for ......Writing practice二、关键词语
2．介绍季节特点，城市特色等：
The climate here is ...
There are many famous places of interest ...
It is historical and modern city, ....
It has many ...
As you known, it is famous for ...
In spring / summer / autumn / winter ...
It is one of the most famous... in China.
It is one of the most famous... in the world. Learn to write an introduction of your hometown.Writing practice三、范例 请你介绍一下你的家乡
（着重介绍旅游特色） Learn to write an introduction of your hometown.Writing practice My hometown is Harbin. Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province, it is located in the northeast of China. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang. As you known, Harbin has had "Oriental small Paris", "Oriental Moscow" and the “Pearls under the swan” reputation. Writing practice The building style of our city is distinctive, it has a long history. Our city is very famous not only because of the history and culture but also the beauty scenery. The summer here is cool, the winter here is beautiful and covered with snow. Every season has its special features. Writing practiceIn summer, you can go to the Sun-island by boat, where is a beautiful place with fascinating scenery, it is the most attractive place of interest. We often go there for leisure and entertainment on weekend or holiday in summer. Writing practiceEvery year, there is a Harbin Summer Music Concert which is a national concert festival. During the concert, various evenings, concert, race and activities are held, and the artists come from all over the world.Writing practiceIn winter, you can enjoy the wonderful glittering view of ice lantern. The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival is one of the world's four largest ice and snow festivals. If you come Harbin in winter, you should go to the Harbin Ice and Snow World, where is on the north part of Songhua Rive.Writing practicePeople from all over the world come here to celebrate the festival at that time. You will have a lot of fun with the ice and snow there. Covering a big area of 1150 square meters, the Snow Cartoon Castle takes will take you to enter into a fairy world.Writing practiceThere are many places of interest in Harbin, such as Sophia church, the Binzhou Railway Bridge. Solemn magnificent holy Sophia church with elegant chic Gothic building has mysterious atmosphere, the Binzhou Railway Bridge and the Middle-east Railway Park tells the history of the city ...Writing practiceOur city is historical and modern. It has not only many building of Russian style but many modern buildings as well. I think our city will be better and better in the future.Writing practiceThis is my hometown.
Do you like it?
Welcome to Harbin!This is my hometown .
Do you like it ?
Welcome to Harbin !
Writing practice Write a similar brief introduction of your hometownPara. 1: Make an introductions of the
general evaluation of your hometown.
Para. 2: Tell the special features of your
hometown. This part can contain two
or three paragraphs if you like.
Para. 3: Summarize the whole passage in
two or three sentences.Writing practice【温馨提示】
1. 可参照上面所给的范文形式。
2. 可根据情况介绍你家乡的概况、
家乡日新月异的变化、
家乡特产或旅游特色等。
3. 本参考短文详见学案。1. Review what we’ve learned in the unit.
2. Do the exercise book.HomeworkHomeworkLet’s end of this part.
Thank you !Thank YouGoodbye and Good LuckModule 5 - A?trip?along?the?three?Gorges
黑龙江省哈尔滨市 邱尚瑛
Teaching Aims 教学目标
Master the words and the phrases, learn how to use the the tourist and geographic words to talk about the trip along the Three Gorges. 21cnjy.com
掌握生词和短语并学会用相关旅游与地理词汇谈论三峡之行。
2. Understand the texts and express your ideas about the topic in English correctly.
正确理解本单元课文并且能用英语正确表达有关话题。
3. Learn to use the modal verbs in different situation correctly, master the usage of the modal verbs.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
学会在不同情况下正确使用情态动词，掌握其用法。
Important points 重点
Learn to communicate with the words and phrases in this unit.
学会用本单元所学词汇进行交流。
2. Master the tourist and vocabulary and the usage of the modal verbs.
掌握词汇与情态动词的用法。
Difficult points 难点
1. The usage of the modal verbs in different situation.
不同情况下情态动词的用法。
2. Talk about a trip along the three gorges and describe your ideas correctly.
能正确谈论有关三峡之行的话题，并能正确表述你的观点。
Teaching methods 教学方法
1. Multi-media teaching.
多媒体教学
2. Writing on the blackboard.
板书
3. Class activities: discussion in pairs and in class.
课堂活动：分组讨论
Teaching procedures 教学过程
[Grammar & writing]
Step one
Look at the following sentences, translate them into Chinese and try to say what characteristic these sentences have. 21·cn·jy·com
请看下列句子，把它们翻译成汉语并试着说出这些句子的特点。
1) You should go to school on time.
你应该按时到校。
2) We must hand in our paper this afternoon.
我们今天午后必须上交论文。
3) You must finish your homework before go out to play.
你必须先完成作业后才能出去玩。
4) We can be there tomorrow evening.
我们明天晚间能到那里。
5) They should do like this.
他们应该这样做。
6) You may do that.
你可以那样做。
There are modal verbs in all of these sentences. Now , Let’s review the usage of modal verbs. （上述的句子用的都是情态动词。现在我们就一起来复习情态动词的用法。）
2. The usage of modal verbs.
情态动词的用法
I. 情态动词概述：
情态动词有can、could； may、might；must、have to；shall、should；will、 would；dare；need；ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
II. 情态动词的构成：
常见形式
否定式
疑问式
can / could
在情态动词后+ n’t or not
for example:
can not/can’t
should not/shouldn’t
mustn’t
needn’t
将情态动词提前
for example:
May I go now?
Can you swim?
may / might
must / have to
dare / need
shall / should
will / would
should / ought to
III. 情态动词的主要用法：
can, could
1) 表示能力
Can you lift this heavy box?
你能搬起这只箱子吗？
Mary can speak three languages.
玛丽能讲3种语言。
Can you skate?
你会滑冰吗？
【温馨提示】
表示能力时可用be able to代替，can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；be able to有各种的时态。21世纪教育网版权所有
I’ll not be able to come tomorrow.
我明天不能来。
表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时用be able to，不能用can。
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
尽管下大雨，他昨天晚上还是去参加了晚会。
2) 表示请求和允许。
--- Can I go now?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
我现在可以走了吗？
可以了。/不行，你不能走。
此时可与may互换。
【温馨提示】
在疑问句中还可用could，might代替表示语气更委婉，但此时的could，might不能用于肯定句和答语中。【出处：21教育名师】
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. / No, I’m afraid not.
我明天能来看你吗？
可以的。/ 恐怕不行。
3) 表示客观可能性。
They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
他们已经更改了时刻表，所以我们可能乘汽车去。
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
这个大厅至少能容纳500人。
4) 表示推测，用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
这能是真的吗？
This can’t be done by him.
这不可能是他干的。
How can this be true?
这怎么可能是真的呢？
may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。21教育名师原创作品
--- Might / May I smoke in this room?
--- No, you mustn’t.
我能在这个房间里吸烟吗？
不行，不能在这儿吸烟。
--- May / Might I take this book out of the room?
--- Yes, you can.
--- No, you can’t / mustn’t.
我能把这本书带出房间吗？
行，可以的。
不行，不允许。
【温馨提示】
表示推测时，不表示时态，可能性比may 小。
用May I...? 征徇对方许可时比较正式，用Can I... ? 在口语中更常见。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
祝你成功！
3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。
might所表示的可能性比may小。
He may / might be very busy now.
他现在可能很忙。
Your mother may /might not know the truth.
你妈妈可能不知道真相。
You must come in time.
你必须及时来。
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.
--- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
--- Yes, you must.
--- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
我们今天必须交练习册吗？
是的，必须交。
不，不是必须的。
2) must是说话人的主观看法，have to强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。
I must go now, I have something important to do.
我现在必须得走了，因为我有重要的事情要做。
I had to work when I was your age.
我在你们这个年纪的时候不得不工作了。
3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
你是汤姆的朋友，所以你必须了解他最喜欢的是什么。
Your mother must be waiting for you now.
你的妈妈现在一定在等你呢。
【温馨提示】
have to表示由于客观因素不得不做；must表示说话人的主观意志、看法。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call Dr. Wang yesterday night.
我兄弟病了，所以我不得不在夜里给王医生打电话。
He said that he must work hard.
他说他必努力工作。
dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
How dare you say I’m unfair?
你竟敢说我不公平？
He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
他不敢在这么多人面前说英语，对吧？
If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
如果那天我们不敢去那，我们就得不到这些漂亮的花。
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。21·世纪*教育网
You needn’t come so early.
你不必来这么早。
--- Need I finish the work today?
--- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
我今天需要干完这些活吗？
是的，你必须干完。/ 不用，你不必干完。
【温馨提示】
dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。
在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
I dare to swim across this river.
我不敢横渡这条河。
He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
他不敢回答。
He needs to finish his homework today.
他今天需要完成家庭作业。
shall, should
1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?
今晚我们该做点什么呢？
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
You shall fail if you don’t work hard.
你如果不努力就会不及格。
He shall be punished.
他会受到惩罚的。
3) should表示义务或责任时意为“应该”。
We should help her to finish the task.
我们应该帮助她完成这项任务。
will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。
Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
请你把那个球递给我好吗？
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。
I will never do that again.
我再也不那么做了。
They asked him if he would go abroad.
他们问他是不是想要出国。
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。21教育网
During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2-1-c-n-j-y
在假期，他每隔一天都会来看我一次。
The wound would not heal.
这个伤口不会愈合。
4) 表示估计和猜想。
It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
她离开家时大概是10点钟左右。
【温馨提示】
used to和would表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同。都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，此时可以换用。www-2-1-cnjy-com
used to可表示过去习惯性的动作和经常的状态，或状态现在已经结束。
would 表示过去习惯的动作，所表示动作有可能再发生。
He used to / would smoke while writing.?
他在以前写作时常常抽烟。
I used to live in Beijing．
我过去住在北京。（没有反复性）
She used to be fat.?
她过去很胖。（意为现在不胖了。）
He would go to the park as soon as he was free．
以前，他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能再去）
should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示应该，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
I should help her because she is in trouble.
我要帮助她，因为她遇到了麻烦。
You ought to take care of the baby.
你应该照顾好宝宝。
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
You should / ought to go to class right away.
你应该立即去上课。
Should I open the window?
我能把窗户打开吗？
3) 表示推测
He must be home by now.
他现在一定到家了。
He ought to/should be home by now
他现在该到家了。
【温馨提示】
ought to表示客观推测，着重表示客观要求，含有法律上或道义上的责任。should 往往表示说话者的主观意见，表示一种必要性。
IV. 情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）：
1) can / could + have done
在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。
You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. （虚拟语气）
你本应该能做得更好，但是你没有尽全力。
He can’t have been to that town.（推测）
他不可能去过那个小镇。
2) may / might +不定式完成式（have done）
表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。might所表示的可能性比may小。
He may not have finished the work.
他可能还没完成这项工作。
If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
如果我们走另一条道路，我们就能早点到达了。
3）must +不定式完成式（have done）
用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，can’t代替。
You must have seen the film Titanic.
你一定看过泰坦尼克号电影了。
He must have been to Shanghai.
他一定去过上海。
4）should +不定式完成式（have done）
用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。
He should have finished the work by now。
他现在应该干完这些活了。
表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互换。
You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)
你应该帮助他。（但是你没有帮他。）
5) needn’t +不定式完成式（have done）
表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
你本来不需要浇花的，因为就要下雨。
6) will +不定式完成式（have done）
主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。
He will have arrived by now.
他现在该到了。
Step two
Ask students to do them in class.
2. Choose the best answer：
(1. There __________ some flowers in the garden.
A. were used to be B. used to be
C. uses to be D. used to be having
(2. —Mum, may I watch TV now?
—Sure, but you ________ help me with my English.
A. can B. may C. must D. could
(3. "__________ I take it out?" "I'm sorry, you __________."
A. Could ...couldn't B. Might...might not
C. Could...can D. May...can't
(4. —________ I download the article again?
—No, you needn’t.
A. Shall B. Will C. Must D. Can
(5. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up.
A. must get B. is getting
C. must be getting D. would get
(6. —Can you go skating with us this afternoon?
—Sorry, I can’t. I ________ take care of my little sister at home.
A. can B. may C. would D. have to
(7. He __________ lead a horse to the water but he __________ not make it drink.
A. will...can B. May...can
C. may...dares D. Dare...can
(8. —Must I hand in my exercise book today?
—No, you ________.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t 21*cnjy*com
(9. ---- Need we do this job now?
---- Yes, __________.
A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can
(10. —May I have a word with you?
—No, you ________. I’m busy today.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. don’t have to D. can’t【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
(11. __________ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you likes B. Would you like
C. Will you liked D. Have you liked
(12. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn't much time left.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
(13. --- Is John coming by train?
--- He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
(14. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.
A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. won't
(15. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
【参考答案】
B C D C C D B B C D B B D B C
Step three
Writing practice
1. Ask students to read the amazing sentences on screen and keep them in mind.
请学生们阅读屏幕上的美文佳句并用心记住。
（Show the sentences on screen. The first three sentences come from the text, A Trip Along the Three Gorges, and the others written by myself. Hope you keep them in your mind.）
(1. Every rock looked like a person or animal.
Every stream carried its legends.
Every hill was heavy with the past.
块块岩石形象各异。
条条溪流流淌着传奇的故事。
座座山岗承载着厚重的过往。
(2. The fish in the water is silent.
The animal on the earth is noisy.
The bird in the air is singing.
水中的鱼儿沉默着。
陆上的动物喧闹着。
空中的鸟儿歌唱着。
(3. Spring is a lot of rain, but coming of Spring, all things recovery.
Summer is hot, but sun is shining and flowers blooming.
Autumn is busy, but it is golden and harvest scene every where.
Winter is cold, but drifting snow in the air take you enter into a fairy world.
春天虽然多雨，但是春回大地，万物复苏。
夏日虽然炎热，但是阳光明媚，鲜花盛开。
秋天虽然忙碌，但处处金黄、一片丰收的景象。
冬日虽然寒冷，但是飘飘洒洒的雪花会把你带进一个童话般的世界。
【温馨提示】
请注意带有下划线部分是定冠词+单数名词表示一类事物的用法。
可数名词有三种方式表示一类事物，意思完全相同。
定冠词+单数名词；
不定冠词+单数名词；
不加冠词的复数名词。
The tiger is a carnivore.
A tiger is a carnivore.
Tigers are carnivores.
以上三句中的The tiger，a tiger，tigers都指虎这一动物，并非特指某一只虎或某些虎。所以三句意思完全一样，没有任何区别。
2. Ask students to read the sentences on screen and answer the questions.
请学生们阅读屏幕上的句子，然后回答问题。
（Show the sentences on screen.）
(1. Where is your home town?
(2. Where is your hometown located?
(3. What is your hometown famous for?
(4. When should I go there for the trip?
(1. My home town is Harbin.
(2. My hometown is located in the northeast of China.2·1·c·n·j·y
(3. My hometown is famous for The Ice City.
(4. You can come at any time. Because every season has its special features here.
(5. My hometown is very beautiful. It has had "Oriental small Paris", "Oriental Moscow" and the “Pearls under the swan” reputation. In summer, you can go to the Sun-island by boat, where is a beautiful place with fascinating scenery. In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful glittering view of ice lantern.the Snow Cartoon Castle will take you to enter into a fairy world.
3. Writing practice, learn to write an introduction of your hometown.
写作练习，学习写一篇家乡介绍。
Do you know how to write an introduction of your hometown? Now , let’s learn to do write it.
同学们知道怎样用英文写家乡介绍吗？现在我们就来学习一下。
一、写作指导
1）根据情况可介绍家乡的概况、人口、特产等；也可以介绍家乡的旅游景点、家乡的特色等。
2）时态一般用现在时。
3）一般分三个部分。第一部分概述；第二部分介绍你家乡的特色及旅游景点等，这一部分可以根据你想介绍的内容分成若干小段。第三部分进行总结。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。
二、关键词语
1）常用词语：
be located in ...
cover an area of ...
with a population of ...
has a history of ...
be rich in ...
be famous for ...
2）介绍季节特点，城市特色等：
The climate here is ...
There are many famous places of interest in ...21*cnjy*com
It is historical and modern city, ....
It has many ...
As you known, it is famous for ...
In spring / summer / autumn / winter ...
It is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
三、范例
请你介绍一下你的家乡（着重介绍旅游特色）。
My hometown is Harbin. Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province, it is located in the northeast of China. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang. As you known, Harbin has had "Oriental small Paris", "Oriental Moscow" and the “Pearls under the swan” reputation. The building style of our city is distinctive, it has a long history. Our city is very famous not only because of the history and culture but also the beauty scenery. The summer here is cool, the winter here is beautiful and covered with snow. Every season has its special features.
In summer, you can go to the Sun-island by boat, where is a beautiful place with fascinating scenery, it is the most attractive place of interest. We often go there for leisure and entertainment on weekend or holiday in summer. Every year, there is a Harbin Summer Music Concert which is a national concert festival. During the concert, various evenings, concert, race and activities are held, and the artists come from all over the world.
In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful glittering view of ice lantern. The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival is one of the world's four largest ice and snow festivals. If you come Harbin in winter, you should go to the Harbin Ice and Snow World, where is on the north part of Songhua Rive. People from all over the world come here to celebrate the festival at that time. You will have a lot of fun with the ice and snow there. Covering a big area of 1150 square meters, the Snow Cartoon Castle takes will take you to enter into a fairy world.
There are many places of interest in Harbin, such as Sophia church, the Binzhou Railway Bridge. Solemn magnificent holy Sophia church with elegant chic Gothic building has mysterious atmosphere, the Binzhou Railway Bridge and the Middle-east Railway Park tells the history of the city ...
Our city is historical and modern. It has not only many building of Russian style but many modern buildings as well. I think our city will be better and better in the future.
This is my hometown. Do you like it? Welcome to Harbin!【版权所有：21教育】
【参考译文】
我的家乡哈尔滨市是黑龙江省的省会，位于祖国的东北部，是黑龙江省的政治、经济、文化中心。众所周知，哈尔滨一直有着“东方小巴黎”、“东方莫斯科”、“天鹅项下的珍珠”之美誉。城市的建筑风格独特、历史悠久。我们的城市不仅因为历史和文化而闻名，还以景色美丽而著称。夏天凉爽，冬天美丽、银装素裹，每个季节都有各自的特色。
夏日里，您可以乘船去太阳岛上游览。太阳岛是一个美丽的地方，有着迷人的景色，是一个非常吸引人的旅游景点。夏天的周末或假日里，我们常常在那里休闲娱乐。这里每年都会举办哈夏音乐会，它是一个国际音乐节。哈夏音乐会期间会举办各种晚会、音乐会、各种音乐比赛及类似的活动，音乐艺术家们来自世界各地。
冬天，您可以尽情地欣赏晶莹、美妙的冰灯美景。一年一度的哈尔滨国际冰雪节是全世界四大冰雪节之一，如果您冬天来哈尔滨，您应该去松花江北岸的冰雪大世界游玩。届时，世界各地的人们都会来这里庆祝这个节日。在那里，您会尽情地享受冰雪的乐趣。占地1150平方米的卡通雪造城堡将带你进入一个神话般的世界。
哈尔滨还有许多风景名胜，比如：圣索菲亚教堂、滨州铁路桥。庄严宏伟的圣索菲亚教堂与优雅别致的哥特式建筑蒙着神秘的面纱；滨州铁路桥与中东铁路公园诉说着这座城市的历史……
我们的城市是历史和现代的融合，它不仅有许多俄罗斯风格的建筑，而且还有许多现代建筑。我想将来我们的城市一定会越来越好。www.21-cn-jy.com
这就是我的家乡，您喜欢吗？欢迎来哈尔滨做客！
3. Write a similar brief introduction of your hometown.
请同学们写一篇简短的介绍家乡的短文。
Now, please you write three parts of a passage. Please look at the screen first.
（请看屏幕）
Part 1: Make an introductions of the general evaluation of your hometown.
Part 2: Tell the special features of your hometown. This part can contain two or three paragraphs if you like.
Part 3: Summarize the whole passage in two or three sentences.
(2. 可根据情况介绍你家乡的概况、家乡日新月异的变化、家乡特产或旅游特色等。
(3. 本参考短文详见学案。
Step four
Everyday English
1. Do the exercises individually and then check with your partner.
2. Check the answers.
Homework
1. Review what we’ve learned in the unit.
2. Do the exercise book.
