Unit 9 Forces of Nature单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. nature / ne t (r)/ n. 自然;自然界(短语:forces of nature 自然力量;派生词:natural adj. 自然的)
2. force /f s/ n. 力量;武力 v. 强迫(短语:forces of nature 自然力量;force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事)
3. typhoon /ta fu n/ n. 台风(短语:a strong typhoon 强台风)
4. earthquake / θkwe k/ n. 地震(短语:an earthquake 一场地震;earthquake rescue 地震救援)
5. rainstorm / re nst m/ n. 暴雨;暴风雨(短语:heavy rainstorm 大暴雨)
6. wind /w nd/ n. 风(短语:strong wind 大风;light wind 微风)
7. thunder / θ nd (r)/ n. 雷声;打雷 v. 打雷(短语:thunder and lightning 雷电)
8. lightning / la tn / n. 闪电(短语:flash of lightning 一道闪电)
9. flood /fl d/ n. 洪水 v. 淹没(短语:flood disaster 洪涝灾害;flood the village 淹没村庄)
10. damage / d m d / v.&n. 损害;损坏(短语:cause damage 造成损害;damage to sth. 对某物的损害)
11. destroy /d str / v. 摧毁;毁灭(过去式:destroyed;短语:destroy the house 摧毁房屋)
12. happen / h p n/ v. 发生;碰巧(短语:happen to sb. 某人发生某事;happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事)
13. safe /se f/ adj. 安全的(反义词:dangerous;派生词:safety n. 安全;短语:stay safe 保持安全)
14. dangerous / de nd r s/ adj. 危险的(派生词:danger n. 危险;短语:in danger 处于危险中)
15. protect /pr tekt/ v. 保护;防护(短语:protect...from... 保护……免受……)
16. warn /w n/ v. 警告;告诫(短语:warn sb. about sth. 警告某人关于某事;warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事)
17. report /r p t/ v.&n. 报道;报告(短语:weather report 天气预报;news report 新闻报道)
18. cause /k z/ v. 导致;引起 n. 原因(短语:cause trouble 惹麻烦;cause damage 造成损害)
19. calm /kɑ m/ adj. 平静的;冷静的 v. 使平静(短语:calm down 冷静下来;stay calm 保持冷静)
20. heavy / hevi/ adj. 重的;大量的(短语:heavy rain 大雨;heavy snow 大雪)
21. strong /str / adj. 强壮的;强烈的(短语:strong wind 大风;strong typhoon 强台风)
22. disaster /d zɑ st (r)/ n. 灾难;灾害(短语:natural disaster 自然灾害)
23. occur / k (r)/ v. 发生;出现(过去式:occurred;短语:occur to sb. 某人想到)
24. save /se v/ v. 拯救;节省(短语:save lives 拯救生命;save money 省钱)
25. weather / we (r)/ n. 天气(短语:bad weather 坏天气;weather forecast 天气预报)
26. wash /w / v. 洗;冲走(过去式:washed;短语:wash away 冲走)
27. alert / l t/ adj. 警觉的 v. 提醒(短语:alert sb. to sth. 提醒某人注意某事)
28. natural / n t r l/ adj. 自然的;天然的(派生词:nature n. 自然;短语:natural resources 自然资源)
29. village / v l d / n. 村庄;乡村(短语:flooded village 被淹没的村庄)
30. inside / n sa d/ adv.&prep. 在里面;在内部(反义词:outside;短语:stay inside 待在里面)
二、重点短语
1. forces of nature 自然力量
2. natural disasters 自然灾害
3. heavy rain 大雨
4. strong wind 大风
5. thunder and lightning 雷电
6. come up 出现;发生
7. take place 发生(有计划)
8. happen to sb. 某人发生某事
9. protect...from... 保护……免受……
10. stay safe 保持安全
11. give a warning 发出警告
12. listen to the weather report 听天气预报
13. cause damage 造成损害
14. wash away 冲走;冲垮
15. calm down 冷静下来
16. in danger 处于危险中
17. out of danger 脱离危险
18. destroy the house 摧毁房屋
19. flood disaster 洪涝灾害
20. earthquake rescue 地震救援
21. a strong typhoon 强台风
22. heavy rainstorm 大暴雨
23. flash of lightning 一道闪电
24. warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事
25. stay inside 待在里面
26. bad weather 坏天气
27. weather forecast 天气预报
28. save lives 拯救生命
29. cause trouble 惹麻烦
30. be careful with 小心;注意
三、重点句型
1. —What's happening outside
—A strong wind is blowing, and thunder is rumbling.
(—外面发生什么了?—大风在刮,雷声在轰鸣。)
2. A terrible earthquake occurred in the small village last night.
(昨晚这个小村庄发生了一场可怕的地震。)
3. We should stay inside and close all the windows when a typhoon is coming.
(当台风来临时,我们应该待在室内并关上所有窗户。)
4. The heavy rainstorm caused a lot of damage to the crops in the field.
(这场大暴雨给田里的庄稼造成了很大损害。)
5. How strong the wind is! We can't go out now.
(风多大啊!我们现在不能出去。)
6. The weather report says a flood is going to hit this area next week.
(天气预报说下周洪水会袭击这个地区。)
7. Remember to protect your head with a hard object during an earthquake.
(地震时记得用硬物保护你的头。)
8. The teacher warned us not to play outside when there's thunder and lightning.
(老师警告我们有雷电时不要在外面玩。)
9. Luckily, no one was hurt in the rainstorm, but many houses were destroyed.
(幸运的是,暴雨中没有人受伤,但很多房屋被摧毁了。)
10. —What should we do to stay safe in a flood
—We should move to higher ground quickly.
(—洪水来临时我们该怎么做来保持安全?—我们应该迅速转移到高处。)
四、重点词汇辨析
1. happen, take place & occur
词汇 含义与用法 例句
happen 指偶然、意外发生的事,常用结构:happen to sb./sth.;happen to do sth. A car accident happened on the street yesterday.(昨天街上发生了一场车祸。) I happened to meet my old friend in the supermarket.(我碰巧在超市遇到了我的老朋友。)
take place 指有计划、有安排发生的事,或按自然规律发生的事,无被动语态 The sports meeting will take place next Friday.(运动会将在下周五举行。) Great changes have taken place in our city in recent years.(近年来我们城市发生了巨大变化。)
occur 较正式,可指偶然或按计划发生,常用结构:occur to sb.(某人想到) A big earthquake occurred in that country last year.(去年那个国家发生了一场大地震。) An idea occurred to me when I was walking home.(我走路回家时想到一个主意。)
2. damage & destroy
词汇 含义与用法 例句
damage 指部分损害,可修复,强调“损害、损坏”的程度较轻,可作动词或名词 The storm damaged the roof of the house.(暴风雨损坏了房屋的屋顶。) The flood caused great damage to the village.(洪水给村庄造成了很大损害。)
destroy 指彻底摧毁,无法修复,强调“毁灭、摧毁”的程度严重,仅作动词 The fire destroyed the whole building.(大火摧毁了整栋建筑。) The earthquake destroyed most of the old houses in this town.(地震摧毁了镇上大部分老房子。)
3. safe & dangerous
词汇 含义与用法 例句
safe 形容词,表“安全的”,名词形式是safety,反义词是dangerous,常用搭配:stay safe, be safe It's safe to stay inside when there's a typhoon.(台风来临时待在室内是安全的。) We arrived at the safe place finally.(我们终于到达了安全的地方。)
dangerous 形容词,表“危险的”,名词形式是danger,常用搭配:in danger, be dangerous It's dangerous to swim in the river during the flood.(洪水期间在河里游泳很危险。) This wild animal is in danger of dying out.(这种野生动物濒临灭绝。)
4. calm & quiet
词汇 含义与用法 例句
calm 指天气、海洋等“平静的”,或人“冷静的、镇定的”,可作形容词或动词 The sea is calm today.(今天海面很平静。) You should calm down when you are in trouble.(遇到困难时你应该冷静下来。)
quiet 指环境“安静的、寂静的”,或人“文静的”,强调没有噪音 Please keep quiet in the library.(在图书馆请保持安静。) She is a quiet girl who likes reading.(她是一个喜欢读书的文静女孩。)
5. cause & make
词汇 含义与用法 例句
cause 强调“导致、引起”某种结果,常接不好的结果,宾语后可接介词to The heavy rain caused the river to rise quickly.(大雨导致河水迅速上涨。) His carelessness caused the accident.(他的粗心导致了这场事故。)
make 强调“使、让”某人或某物做某事,常用结构:make sb. do sth.,结果可好可坏 The funny story made us laugh loudly.(这个有趣的故事让我们大笑起来。) The bad news made him sad.(坏消息让他很伤心。)
五、重点语法
1. 一般过去时(核心语法)
含义:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,或过去经常性、习惯性的动作,本单元用于描述已发生的自然灾害。
构成规则:
① 实义动词作谓语:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
② be动词作谓语:主语 + was/were + 表语
was:用于主语I/he/she/it/单数名词
were:用于主语we/you/they/复数名词
动词过去式变化规则:
① 一般情况直接加-ed:walk → walked;play → played
② 以不发音e结尾的动词直接加-d:live → lived;dance → danced
③ 辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i加-ed:study → studied;cry → cried
④ 重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母加-ed:stop → stopped;plan → planned
⑤ 不规则变化:go → went;come → came;hear → heard;hurt → hurt
句式结构:
① 肯定句:A strong typhoon hit my hometown last month.(上个月一场台风袭击了我的家乡。)
② 否定句:We didn't go out because of the heavy rain.(因为大雨我们没有出去。)
③ 一般疑问句:—Did you hear the thunder last night —Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.(—昨晚你听到雷声了吗?—是的,我听到了。/ 不,我没听到。)
④ 特殊疑问句:—What happened to your bike —It was damaged in the storm.(—你的自行车怎么了?—它在暴风雨中被损坏了。)
2. 情态动词should表建议
含义:should是情态动词,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,用于提出建议、劝告,意为“应该、应当”。
句式结构:
① 肯定句:We should listen to the weather report every day in typhoon season.(台风季节我们应该每天听天气预报。)
② 否定句:You shouldn't go swimming in the sea when there's a strong wind.(有大风时你不应该去海里游泳。)
③ 一般疑问句:—Should we move to higher ground now —Yes, we should. / No, we shouldn't.(—我们现在应该转移到高处吗?—是的,我们应该。/ 不,我们不应该。)
3. 感叹句(描述自然力量的强烈)
含义:表达强烈的情绪(如惊讶、赞叹),本单元用于感叹自然现象的强度。
结构:
① How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!:How heavy the rain is!(雨多大啊!)
② What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!:What a terrible earthquake it was!(多么可怕的一场地震啊!)
六、写作指导(描述自然灾害经历或防范措施)
1. 写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明事件(灾害类型、时间、地点),总述整体情况 Last summer, a strong typhoon hit my hometown. It was one of the worst typhoons in recent years.
主体 分点描述事件过程(预警、灾害场景、灾后影响),或分点介绍防范措施 Before the typhoon came, the government warned us to stay inside. When it arrived, trees were blown down and windows were broken. After it passed, we helped clean up the streets. / During an earthquake: 1. Stay calm. 2. Hide under a strong desk. 3. Don't use the lift.
结尾 表达感受,或总结防范措施的重要性 Although the typhoon caused damage, we learned how to protect ourselves better. It's crucial to remember safety rules for natural disasters.
2. 范文示例
A Terrible Typhoon Experience
Last August, a strong typhoon named "Mangkhut" hit my hometown in Guangdong. Before it arrived, the weather report warned us about its strength, and our teacher told us to stay at home and close all windows tightly.
When the typhoon came, the wind blew so strongly that I could hear the windows shaking all night. Some big trees in the street were blown down, and the rain beat heavily against the glass. My parents and I stayed in the living room, listening to the news on the radio. We felt worried because we heard that some houses in the countryside were destroyed.
The next morning, we went outside and saw the streets covered with fallen branches and leaves. Some small shops had broken doors, but luckily, no one in our community was hurt. We joined our neighbors to clean up the mess and help repair the damaged fences.
This experience taught me that natural forces are powerful, but we can keep safe if we follow the warnings and know the right safety rules. I will never forget this terrible but meaningful typhoon.