Unit 12 The Wonderland of Literature单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. literature / l tr t (r)/ n. 文学;文学作品(短语:world literature 世界文学;literature works 文学作品)
2. wonderland / w nd l nd/ n. 仙境;奇境(短语:Alice in Wonderland 《爱丽丝梦游仙境》)
3. author / θ (r)/ n. 作者;作家(同义词:writer;短语:a famous author 一位著名作家)
4. novel / n vl/ n. 长篇小说(短语:read a novel 读小说;classic novel 经典小说)
5. poem / p m/ n. 诗;诗歌(短语:write a poem 写诗;a beautiful poem 一首优美的诗)
6. fairy / fe ri/ n. 仙女;小精灵 adj. 仙女的(短语:fairy tale 童话故事)
7. tale /te l/ n. 故事;传说(短语:folk tale 民间传说;fairy tale 童话)
8. character / k r kt (r)/ n. 角色;人物;性格(短语:main character 主角;good character 好性格)
9. plot /pl t/ n. 情节;密谋 v. 密谋;绘制(短语:exciting plot 激动人心的情节)
10. setting / set / n. 背景;环境;设置(短语:story setting 故事背景)
11. classic / kl s k/ adj. 经典的;一流的 n. 经典著作(短语:classic works 经典作品)
12. admire / d ma (r)/ v. 钦佩;赞美;欣赏(短语:admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人)
13. imagine / m d n/ v. 想象;设想(短语:imagine doing sth. 想象做某事;imagine that... 想象……)
14. create /kri e t/ v. 创造;创作;创建(过去式:created;短语:create a story 创作一个故事)
15. introduce / ntr dju s/ v. 介绍;引进(过去式:introduced;短语:introduce sb. to... 把某人介绍给……)
16. translate /tr ns le t/ v. 翻译;转化(过去式:translated;短语:translate...into... 把……翻译成……)
17. publish / p bl / v. 出版;发行;发表(过去式:published;短语:publish a book 出版一本书)
18. ancient / e n nt/ adj. 古代的;古老的(反义词:modern;短语:ancient poetry 古诗)
19. modern / m dn/ adj. 现代的;近代的(反义词:ancient;短语:modern literature 现代文学)
20. famous / fe m s/ adj. 著名的;出名的(短语:be famous for 因……而出名;be famous as 作为……而出名)
21. popular / p pj l (r)/ adj. 受欢迎的;流行的(短语:be popular with 受……欢迎)
22. discuss /d sk s/ v. 讨论;论述(过去式:discussed;短语:discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事)
23. review /r vju / v. 回顾;复习;评论 n. 评论;复习(短语:book review 书评;review a lesson 复习功课)
24. magic / m d k/ adj. 有魔力的;魔术的 n. 魔法;魔术(短语:magic world 魔法世界)
25. adventure / d vent (r)/ n. 冒险;冒险经历(短语:adventure story 冒险故事)
26. hero / h r / n. 英雄;男主角;男主人公(复数:heroes;短语:national hero 民族英雄)
27. heroine / her n/ n. 女英雄;女主角;女主人公
28. describe /d skra b/ v. 描述;形容(过去式:described;短语:describe sth. to sb. 向某人描述某事)
29. theme /θi m/ n. 主题;主旋律(短语:main theme 主题思想)
30. influence / nflu ns/ v. 影响;改变 n. 影响;势力(短语:influence on 对……的影响)
二、重点短语
1. fall in love with 爱上;喜欢上
2. be famous for 因……而出名
3. be famous as 作为……而出名
4. learn about 了解;学习
5. talk about 谈论;讨论
6. think of 想起;认为
7. come from 来自;出生于
8. take place 发生;举行
9. in fact 事实上;实际上
10. such as 例如;诸如
11. for example 例如
12. write down 写下;记下
13. make up 编造;组成;化妆
14. work on 从事于;致力于
15. a piece of 一首;一片;一块
16. all over the world 全世界
17. main character 主角;主要人物
18. story setting 故事背景
19. exciting plot 激动人心的情节
20. classic work 经典作品
21. fairy tale 童话故事
22. folk tale 民间传说
23. book review 书评
24. magic world 魔法世界
25. adventure story 冒险故事
26. translate...into... 把……翻译成……
27. publish a book 出版一本书
28. admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人
29. imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
30. discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事
三、重点句型
1. —What's your favorite piece of literature
—My favorite is Alice in Wonderland.
(—你最喜欢的文学作品是什么?—我最喜欢的是《爱丽丝梦游仙境》。)
2. —Who wrote Journey to the West
—It was written by Wu Cheng'en.
(—《西游记》是谁写的?—它是吴承恩写的。)
3. I admire the author because he created so many interesting characters.
(我钦佩这位作家,因为他创造了这么多有趣的角色。)
4. The story takes place in a magic wonderland full of surprises.
(这个故事发生在一个充满惊喜的魔法仙境里。)
5. What do you think of the main character in the novel
(你觉得这本小说里的主角怎么样?)
6. I fall in love with this poem as soon as I read it.
(我一读这首诗就爱上它了。)
7. Romeo and Juliet is a famous tragedy written by Shakespeare.
(《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚写的一部著名悲剧。)
8. Can you describe the story setting to me
(你能给我描述一下故事的背景吗?)
9. Many classic works have influenced people all over the world for centuries.
(许多经典作品几个世纪以来影响着全世界的人们。)
10. —Why do you like this fairy tale so much
—Because it teaches me to be brave and kind.
(—你为什么这么喜欢这个童话故事?—因为它教会我要勇敢和善良。)
四、重点词汇辨析
1. novel, story, tale & poem
词汇 含义与用法 例句
novel 指长篇小说,篇幅较长,有完整的情节、人物和背景,多为虚构的叙事作品 Pride and Prejudice is a classic English novel.(《傲慢与偏见》是一部经典的英国长篇小说。)
story 泛指各类故事,篇幅可长可短,内容可以是真实或虚构,范围最广 My grandma often tells me bedtime stories.(我奶奶经常给我讲睡前故事。)
tale 常指带有奇幻色彩的传说、童话或民间故事,多侧重趣味性和传奇性 The Arabian Nights is a collection of ancient tales.(《一千零一夜》是一部古代传说故事集。)
poem 诗歌,以有节奏、韵律的语言表达情感或思想,形式多样(如抒情诗、史诗) Li Bai wrote many famous poems about nature.(李白写了许多关于自然的著名诗歌。)
2. author & writer
词汇 含义与用法 例句
author 多指创作文学作品(如小说、诗歌、散文)的作家,更侧重“创作者”的身份,常用来指有一定影响力的作家 J.K. Rowling is the author of the Harry Potter series.(J.K.罗琳是《哈利·波特》系列的作者。)
writer 泛指所有从事写作的人,范围更广,包括记者、编剧、散文作者等,可指职业或业余写作者 My uncle is a writer for a local newspaper.(我叔叔是一家当地报纸的撰稿人。)
3. famous & well-known
词汇 含义与用法 例句
famous 强调广为人知,知名度高,可指人、事、物,常与for或as连用 Shakespeare is famous as a great playwright.(莎士比亚作为伟大的剧作家而闻名。)
well-known 语气比famous稍弱,指为很多人所知晓,更侧重“被熟悉”,也可与for或as连用 This is a well-known restaurant for its delicious dumplings.(这是一家因美味饺子而闻名的餐厅。)
4. imagine & think
词汇 含义与用法 例句
imagine 指在头脑中构建出不存在或未发生的事物的形象,侧重“想象、设想”,后常接动名词或从句 Can you imagine living in a magic world (你能想象生活在一个魔法世界里吗?)
think 泛指“思考、想”,可指理性的思考、判断或回忆,用法广泛,后常接从句或不定式(think to do) I think this novel is worth reading again.(我觉得这本小说值得再读一遍。)
5. take place & happen
词汇 含义与用法 例句
take place 指有计划、有安排地“发生、举行”,主语多为事件、活动,不能用于被动语态 The book fair will take place in the city library next week.(书展下周将在市图书馆举行。)
happen 指偶然或意外地“发生”,主语多为具体事件,也可指“碰巧”(happen to do),不能用于被动语态 A car accident happened on the street yesterday.(昨天街上发生了一起车祸。) I happened to meet my favorite author in the bookstore.(我碰巧在书店遇到了我最喜欢的作家。)
五、重点语法
1. 一般过去时(深化)
含义:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。常用于描述作家的生平、文学作品的创作背景等。
构成规则:
① 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他(实义动词的一般过去时)
② 主语 + was/were + 表语(be动词的一般过去时)
动词过去式变化规则:
① 一般情况下直接加 -ed(work → worked;talk → talked)
② 以不发音的e结尾的动词,直接加 -d(live → lived;like → liked)
③ 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i加 -ed(study → studied;carry → carried)
④ 重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写末尾辅音字母加 -ed(stop → stopped;plan → planned)
⑤ 不规则变化(write → wrote;create → created;translate → translated)
句式结构:
① 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 / 主语 + was/were + 表语
例:Lu Xun wrote many famous novels.(鲁迅写了许多著名的小说。)
He was a great author in modern China.(他是中国现代一位伟大的作家。)
② 否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 / 主语 + wasn't/weren't + 表语
例:She didn't finish writing the novel last year.(她去年没写完这本小说。)
The story wasn't set in ancient times.(这个故事的背景不是在古代。)
③ 一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? / Was/Were + 主语 + 表语?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. / Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn't. / No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
例:—Did you read The Little Prince last month (你上个月读《小王子》了吗?)
—Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
④ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? / 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 表语?
例:—When did the author publish his first book (这位作家什么时候出版他的第一本书的?)
—He published it in 2000.(他在2000年出版的。)
2. 一般过去时的被动语态(核心语法)
含义:表示过去某个时间主语被施加的动作,常用于介绍文学作品的创作(如“某作品被某人所写”)。
构成规则:主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 + by + 动作执行者(by短语可省略)
① was:用于主语单数(he/she/it/单数名词)
② were:用于主语复数(we/you/they/复数名词)
动词过去分词变化规则:与现在完成时的过去分词规则一致,不规则变化需记忆(write → written;create → created;translate → translated)
句式结构:
① 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者)
例:Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.(《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。)
② 否定句:主语 + wasn't/weren't + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者)
例:This poem wasn't translated into English until 1990.(这首诗直到1990年才被翻译成英语。)
③ 一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者)?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.
例:—Was the novel published in the 19th century (这本小说是19世纪出版的吗?)
—Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.
④ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者)?
例:—Who was the fairy tale written by (这个童话故事是谁写的?)
—It was written by the Grimm Brothers.(它是格林兄弟写的。)
3. 一般过去时主动与被动语态转换示例
主动语态 被动语态
Lu Xun wrote The True Story of Ah Q. The True Story of Ah Q was written by Lu Xun.
People translated the book into many languages. The book was translated into many languages (by people).
The author created three main characters. Three main characters were created by the author.
六、写作指导(介绍最喜欢的文学作品)
1. 写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明最喜欢的文学作品名称,简单介绍作品类型(小说、诗歌、童话等) My favorite piece of literature is Alice in Wonderland. It's a famous fairy tale written by Lewis Carroll.
主体 分点介绍:① 作者信息;② 故事内容(背景、主角、主要情节);③ 喜欢的理由(角色、主题、给自己的启发) The story takes place in a magic wonderland. The main character is a girl named Alice. I like it because it teaches me to be curious and brave.
结尾 总结对作品的感受,推荐给读者 This book has brought me a lot of joy and surprise. I think everyone should read it and explore the magic world with Alice.
2. 范文示例
My Favorite Literary Work
My favorite piece of literature is The Little Prince, a famous novella written by the French author Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.
The story takes place in the universe, where a little prince lives on a tiny planet. He travels from one planet to another and meets many strange people, like a king who rules nothing and a businessman who counts stars all day. Finally, he arrives on Earth and meets the narrator, a pilot who has crashed in the desert. Through their conversations, the little prince tells the pilot about his love for a rose on his planet.
I love this novella for three reasons. First, the characters are very interesting and each of them represents a kind of person in the real world. Second, the language is simple but full of wisdom. It makes me think about the true meaning of friendship and love. Third, the little prince's pure heart reminds me to keep my childlike curiosity and never lose the ability to love.
The Little Prince is not just a story for children, but also a book for adults to reflect on life. I believe it will warm and inspire everyone who reads it.