高二英语 复习定语从句学案（选必三U5 Poems）含答案

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高二英语 复习定语从句学案（选必三U5 Poems）
一、定语从句核心概念
1. 定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，引导定语从句的词称为关系词（关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which，as；关系副词：when, where, why）。
例子：The girl who is reading is my sister.（正在读书的那个女孩是我妹妹。）
2. 结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
例子：This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这就是我昨天买的那本书。）
3.关系词的作用
关系词 指代 在从句中充当成分
who 人 主语、宾语（口语）
whom 人 宾语
which 物/动物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语
whose 人/物 定语（表示所属关系）
as 人/物 主语、宾语（表“正如”）
when 时间 状语
where 地点 状语
why 原因 状语
关系代词和关系副词的选择
选择关系代词还是关系副词，核心在于从句中缺什么成分。
1. 缺主语、宾语、表语：用关系代词 (who, whom, whose, which, that, as)
① This is the book that my teacher recommended.（that作recommended的宾语）
② The girl who is standing there is my sister.（who作is standing的主语）
2. 缺状语 (地点、时间、原因)：用关系副词 (where, when, why)
①I’ ll never forget the day when we met.（从句we met不缺主宾，缺时间状语）
② This is the city where I grew up.（从句I grew up不缺主宾，缺地点状语）
注意：
①先行词为the way 的引导词
the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中缺什么：
缺主语或宾语:引导词用that / which / 省略(缺宾语时)
不缺主语或宾语（即作方式状语）:引导词用that / in which / 省略
1. The way that/in which/ -- he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2. The way that/which/-- he explained to us was quite simple.
②以下是抽象名词（如 situation, stage, point, case, activity, condition, position, state, occasion等）作先行词时，若在从句中作抽象地点 / 情形状语，用 where（=in which）；若在从句中作主语 / 宾语，用 which/that。
We may face a situation where we have to make a difficult choice.（我们可能会面临必须做出艰难抉择的情况。）
I have never met such a difficult situation that I can hardly deal with.（situation 作 deal with 的宾语）
（我从未遇到过如此难以应对的困境。）
The project has reached a stage where we need more investment.（项目已经到了需要更多投资的阶段。）
There comes a point where you have to decide for yourself.（总有一个时刻你必须自己做出决定。）
三、定语从句中一般不用which的情况
1. 先行词为all, little, much, none, everything, nothing, anything等不定代词时；
例子：Everything that he said is true.（他说的一切都是真的。）
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时；
例子：I have read all the books that you gave me.（我已经读完了你给我的所有书。）
3. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时；
例子：This is the best movie that I have ever seen.（这是我看过的最好的电影。）
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时；
例子：He is the only person that can help you.（他是唯一能帮你的人。）
5. 先行词既有人又有物时；
例子：We talked about the teachers and schools that we remembered.（我们谈论了我们记得的老师和学校。）
6. 句中已有who或which，为避免重复时。
例子：Who is the man that is standing there （站在那里的那个人是谁？）
四、限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句
对比维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
作用 限制先行词，不可省略，省略后句意不完整 补充说明先行词，可省略，省略后句意完整
标点 无逗号与主句隔开 有逗号与主句隔开
关系词 可用that，可省略作宾语的关系代词 不用that，关系词不可省略，which可以指整个主句
翻译 译为“……的” 译为并列句，独立翻译
1. 限制性定语从句（无逗号，限定范围）
例子：The students who work hard will pass the exam.（那些努力学习的学生会通过考试。）
2. 非限制性定语从句（有逗号，补充说明）
例子：Tom, who is my best friend, will go abroad next year.（汤姆，我最好的朋友，明年要出国了。）
He failed the exam again, which made his parents angry.（which 指代前面整句话）
（他又考试不及格，这件事让他父母很生气。）
注意：
as引导非限制性定语从句高频结构
as引导时可放句首/句中/句末，指代整个主句内容，译为“正如、就像”
1. as we all know 众所周知
2. as is known to all 众所周知
3. as is often the case 情况往往如此
4. as has been said before 正如之前所说
5. as we expected 正如我们所预料的
6. as can be seen from... 从……可以看出
易混点：as与which引导非限制性定从，指代整句时
- as：可放句首，常搭配固定结构，表“正如”（符合预期）
- which：只能放句末，表“这一点”
As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.
Air, as we know, is gas.
She has married again, as was expected.
He broke the rules again, which was unexpected.
限制性定语从句先行词若被such, the same, so, as 修饰时，用as引导定语从句, 即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, as…as,(做题时容易忽略)。as在定语从句中应充当主语、宾语或表语。
This is such an interesting book as we all like.
This is so interesting a book as we all like.
五、介词+关系代词用法
1. 构成：介词 + which/whom/whose（先行词为物用which，为人用whom，所属关系用whose, 不能用that/who）；
例子：This is the room in which I live.（= This is the room where I live.）
The man with whose help we finished the work is my uncle.
在他的帮助下我们完成工作的那个人是我叔叔。
2. 介词选择原则：
（1）根据先行词的搭配（如：the age at which=at the age）；
例子：He was born in the year in which the war broke out.（他出生于战争爆发的那一年。）
（2）根据从句中动词/形容词的固定搭配（如：look for, be interested in）；
例子：The man whom you are looking for is in the office.（你正在找的那个人在办公室里。）
（3）根据句意逻辑确定。
例子：I don't like the way in which he talks.（我不喜欢他说话的方式。）
六、专项练习题
基础填空题
用适当的关系词填空
1. This is the factory ________ we visited last year.
2. The boy ________ is playing basketball is my brother.
3. This is the very book ________ I want to buy.
4. I lost the pen ________ my father bought me yesterday.
5. The woman ________ you met at the gate is my teacher.
6. We talked about the things and persons ________ we remembered.
7. This is the house ________ window was broken last night.
8. He is the man ________ I think you can depend on.
9. All ________ glitters is not gold.
10. The first thing ________ I want to do is to sleep.
（二）提升填空题
用适当的关系词或介词+关系代词填空
1. The man ________ ________ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.
2. This is the room ________ ________ Lu Xun once lived.
3. He failed in the exam, ________ made his parents angry.
4. I have two brothers, ________ are doctors.
5. The reason ________ he was late was that he missed the bus.
6. The day ________ I met him was a rainy day.
7. This is the car ________ ________ I paid 400,000 yuan.
8. He is a hero ________ ________ we are proud.
9. The school ________ ________ he studied is very famous.
10. She has a new computer ________ price is very high.
11. The company has reached a stage ________ it needs to make big changes.
12. I can think of many situations ________ students know a lot of English words but can't speak fluently.
13.The situation_________ we faced was serious
14. This is a novel ________ the story is set in the 19th century.
15. We were put in a position ________ we had to follow the rules.
（三）翻译题（用定语从句）
这就是我们去年参观的博物馆。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 正在唱歌的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
_______________________________________________________________________________________3. 屋顶是红色的那栋房子是我的。_______________________________________________________________________________________4. 我不喜欢他说话的方式。
_______________________________________________________________________________________5. 他错过了早班车，这让他上班迟到了。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
（四）高考真题填空题
1. (2025全国卷) Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
2. (2024全国卷) The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
3. (2023全国卷) He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
4. (2022全国卷) My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
5. (2021全国卷) In ancient China, there was a kind of book ________ was made of bamboo slips.
6. (2020全国卷) We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
7. (2019全国卷) The students ________ you taught ten years ago are now successful.
8. (2018全国卷) This is the hotel ________ they stayed last month.
9. (2017全国卷) The reason ________ he changed his mind is unknown.
10. (2025浙江卷) Everything ________ you need can be found in the shop.
11. (2024江苏卷) The man ________ you spoke to is a famous scientist.
12. (2023山东卷) She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before.
13. (2022北京卷) This is the most interesting film ________ I have ever seen.
14. (2021天津卷) The day ________ they left was sunny.
15. (2020上海卷) The house ________ roof was damaged has been repaired.
参考答案
（一）基础填空题
that/which/不填 2. who/that 3. that 4. that/which/不填 5. who/whom/that/不填
6. that 7. whose 8. who/whom/that/不填 9. that 10. that
（二）提升填空题
1. with whom 2. in which 3. which 4. who 5. why
6. when 7. for which 8. of whom 9. in which 10. whose
11. where 12. where 13. that/which 14.where 15.where
（三）翻译题
1. This is the museum (that/which) we visited last year.
2. The girl who/that is singing is my younger sister.
3. The house whose roof is red is mine.
4. I don't like the way (that/in which) he speaks.
5. He missed the early bus, which made him late for work.
（四）高考真题填空题
1. whom 2. as 3. which 4. whose 5. that/which
6. when 7. who/whom/that 8. where 9. why 10. that
11. who/whom/that 12. whom 13. that 14. when 15. whose
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