2026届高三英语二轮复习-阅读理解训练（含解析）

2026届阅读理解训练
姓名：___________班级：___________学号：___________得分：___________
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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题号 9 10 11 12
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Passage 1（25-26高三下·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）
Studies have indicated that physical appearance can greatly influence a person’s mental well-being, social interactions and opportunities in life. Attractive people often benefit from social biases, while those seen as less attractive may face challenges like lower confidence, social exclusion and fewer opportunities.
A 2022 investigation explored how society’s attitudes toward appearance shape interpersonal communication. Participants were shown photos of people with different looks and asked to rate their intelligence, likability and trustworthiness. The results were clear: people considered more attractive received higher ratings in all categories. Furthermore, attractive people were more likely to be described as confident and capable, while less attractive individuals were often marginalized or associated with negative stereotypes. This bias was especially noticeable in group settings, where attractive people were more likely to be included and listened to during discussions.
The emotional impact of this bias is also significant. Attractive people often have higher self-respect because they get more praises and positive feedback. However, this advantage comes with pressure, as attractive individuals may feel stressed about maintaining their appearance,leading to anxiety as they age. On the other hand, less attractive people often struggle with feelings of low self- worth, which contribute to depression and anxiety.
The workplace is also affected by these biases. Research shows that attractive people are more likely to be hired, promoted and earn higher salaries. Employers often naturally link attractiveness to ability, confidence and leadership qualities. This creates a disadvantage for people who don't meet traditional beauty standards, forcing them to work harder to gain recognition.
To address these biases, researchers emphasize the importance of promoting inclusivity and challenging conventional social concepts. By encouraging self-acceptance and appreciating different kinds of beauty, society can create a fairer environment that values individuals for their character and abilities, not just their appearance.
1．What is a consequence of being considered less attractive according to paragraph 1
A．They are more likely to be socially isolated.
B．They are never given preferential treatment.
C．They tend to have worse interpersonal skills.
D．They tend to have worse interpersonal skills.
2．What impacts can appearance bias have on people
A．Employers value looks over abilities.
B．Attractive people have better mental health.
C．Both attractive and less attractive face emotional challenges.
D．Less attractive people are less likely to succeed in career life.
3．How can society create a fairer environment
A．By overlooking outer beauty. B．By meeting social expectations.
C．By applying universal beauty standards. D．By advocating enjoying diverse beauty.
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To explain how appearance impacts people's life.
B．To appeal for a fairer and more inclusive society.
C．To address the psychological effects of appearance.
D．To argue that only attractive people can succeed in life.
Passage 2（2026·山东·模拟预测）
Facial expressions are central to social life, yet scientists still don’t fully understand how the brain produces them. For decades, one influential theory has held that what appears on your face is largely an emotional reflex — an honest, automatic readout of what you feel inside. But that view struggles to explain the fact that we often tailor our expressions to the moment.
To find out what’s going on in the brain during facial expressions, researchers turned to monkeys. They recorded neural (神经的) activity while the animals interacted with one another in the lab. The team’s results published in Science came as a surprise: the monkeys’ expressions, from a threatening face to a friendly “lip-smacking”, were generated by both the medial cortex (内侧皮层) and lateral cortex (外侧皮层). These two brain regions were long thought to operate independently, but the study showed that both of them participated in the production of all kinds of facial expressions.
The two regions did, however, run at different speeds. Activity in the lateral cortex reoriented quickly, to coordinate the rapid facial movements that make for smooth social interaction. By contrast, things happen at a more leisurely pace in the medial cortex, perhaps allowing it to track slow-changing contextual factors that influence facial expressions. What’s more, both neural patterns show up before facial movements do, suggesting the brain prepares expressions in advance.
This all raises a question: Do monkeys intentionally plan the faces they make That’s the interpretation evolutionary psychologists explore in the new study. If facial expressions are partly voluntary, they may be less like emotional mirrors and more like “tools for social influence”, as the researchers put it. At the very least, they seem to arise from complex interactions between emotion and cognition.
Alan Fridlund, a social and evolutionary psychologist who was not involved in this study, has no trouble believing monkeys hold their faces strategically. But he doubts that staged, lab-bound interactions can capture the full reality of monkeys’ communications, or the neural activity underlying it; ideally, future research would take place in the monkeys’ natural environment. Still, Fridlund says, the new study “tells us in infinitely more detail how we can investigate the neurology of facial displays.”
5．What does the study reveal about the medial cortex and lateral cortex
A．They record neural activities.
B．They perform different functions.
C．They cooperate to create expressions.
D．They stimulate the conveyance of emotions.
6．What does the underlined word “reoriented” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Shifted. B．Decreased. C．Appeared. D．Expanded.
7．What is Alan Fridlund’s suggestion for future research
A．Collecting specific data. B．Experimenting in nature.
C．Detailing the observations. D．Expanding research subjects.
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．What matters to socialization
B．Decode the signals of emotions
C．Facial expressions mirror emotions
D．Are facial displays made intentionally
Passage 3（2026·贵州贵阳·一模）
Sahel, a dry region of Africa sandwiched between the Sahara desert and the Sudanian Savanna, was turning to dust. With efforts on both national and international scales having failed, it was a local farmer, Yacouba Sawadogo, who decided to take matters into his own hands in the 1980s.
Instead of using modern innovations, the farmer turned to old ways, employing two simple traditional approaches to fight against the desert. One involved digging holes to collect precious rainwater, where fertilizers or compost may be placed to increase the amount of nutrients in the soil. Crops may then be planted in these holes. The other was laying lines of stones across the field to slow the water’s flow. But to his community, these ways seemed odd. “They thought I had lost my mind,” Yacouba later recalled.
It’s true that the two methods are labor-intensive tasks, and the cost is higher in terms of manpower. Yet, Yacouba persevered. For years, changes began to show. Green shoots pushed through the earth where there was once only dust. Trees grew, and his land was transformed.
The success gained by Yacouba has made him a respected figure in the community that initially laughed at him. In 2010, his story reached the world through a documentary film. More importantly, the fame enabled him to reach out to a much greater audience and allowed him to share his agricultural techniques with fellow farmers, making them better equipped in their own struggle against desertification.
The forest that now stands is a testament to one man’s strong belief. Yacouba Sawadogo did not just stop the desert; he sowed seeds of hope that grew into a forest, and took root in the hearts of his people.
9．What did Yacouba dig holes for
A．Placing farm tools. B．Storing more crops.
C．Laying stone lines. D．Gathering rainwater.
10．What might make the community misunderstand Yacouba initially
A．Using modern methods. B．Seeking international help.
C．Employing local people. D．Increasing the labor cost.
11．What is the most significant impact of Yacouba’s success
A．His personal documentary was made.
B．His techniques got applied more widely.
C．He invented agricultural equipment.
D．He gained respect from his community.
12．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Dry Sahara: A Land of Miracle in Africa. B．Stopping Desertification: How Far to Go.
C．From Desert to Forest: A Farmer’s Belief. D．Modern Problems: How to Solve Them.
《2026届阅读理解训练》参考答案
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了外貌对个人心理、社交及职业机会的影响，指出外貌偏见带来的问题，并呼吁社会营造更公平、包容的环境。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段内容，魅力不足的人可能面临社会排斥等挑战，因此更易被社会孤立。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。第三段指出，有魅力者因外貌维持压力产生焦虑，魅力不足者因自我价值感低导致抑郁焦虑，可见外貌偏见对两类人都带来情感挑战。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段，通过鼓励自我接纳和欣赏多元美，社会可创造更公平的环境。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。文章最后强调需促进包容性、挑战传统观念，呼吁建立重视性格能力而非外表的公平包容社会。故选B项。
翻译：
研究表明，外貌对一个人的心理健康、社交互动及人生机遇有着显著影响。外表出众者往往能从社会偏见中获益，而容貌平平者则可能面临自信心不足、社交排斥及机会匮乏等挑战。
2022年的一项调查探究了社会对外貌的态度如何影响人际交往。研究人员向参与者展示不同容貌者的照片，并要求他们对照片人物的智力水平、亲和力及可信度进行评分。结果显而易见：被认为更具吸引力的人在所有评分项目中均获得更高评价。此外，外表出众者更易被描述为自信能干，而容貌平平者则常被边缘化或与负面刻板印象联系在一起。这种偏见在群体环境中尤为明显——讨论时，外表出众者更容易被接纳并获得倾听。
这种偏见带来的情感影响同样不容忽视。外表出众者因获得更多赞美与积极反馈，往往拥有更强的自尊。然而，这种优势也伴随着压力——他们可能因需维持外貌而感到焦虑，且这种焦虑会随年龄增长加剧。另一方面，容貌平平者常因自我价值感低而挣扎，进而导致抑郁与焦虑情绪。
职场同样受到这类偏见的影响。研究显示，外表出众者更易获得雇佣、晋升机会，薪资水平也更高。雇主往往会下意识地将外貌与能力、自信及领导才能挂钩。这使得不符合传统审美标准的人群处于不利地位，他们必须付出更多努力才能获得认可。
为消除这些偏见，研究人员强调促进包容性与挑战传统社会观念的重要性。通过鼓励自我接纳与欣赏多元之美，社会才能构建一个更公平的环境——重视个体的品格与能力，而非仅仅关注其外表。
5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍一项发表在《Science》上的研究，探讨了面部表情的神经机制，挑战了“表情=情绪自动反射”的传统观点，提出了表情可能是认知与情绪交互作用、具有社交目的性的新视角。
5．细节理解题。研究发现猴子的各类表情由内侧皮层和外侧皮层共同产生，推翻了两者独立运作的传统认知。故选C。
6．词句猜测题。第三段提到外侧皮层活动能快速"reoriented"以协调快速面部动作实现流畅社交，可推测该词意为"调整"，与shifted意思相近。故选A。
7．细节理解题。艾伦·弗里德伦德认为实验室互动难以捕捉猴子交流的全部真相，建议未来研究应在其自然环境中进行。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。全文围绕面部表情神经机制展开，挑战"表情=情绪自动反射"传统观点，提出表情可能是认知与情绪交互的社交工具，D项"面部表情是刻意做出的吗？"最适合作标题。故选D。
翻译：
面部表情是社交生活的核心，但科学家仍未完全理解大脑如何产生这些表情。数十年来，一种颇具影响力的理论认为，面部表情在很大程度上是一种情绪反射——是内心感受的真实、自动流露。但这一观点难以解释我们常常会根据场合调整表情的事实。
为探究面部表情产生时大脑的活动机制，研究人员以猴子为研究对象。他们记录了猴子在实验室中互动时的神经活动。发表在《科学》杂志上的研究结果令人意外：猴子从威胁性表情到友好的“咂嘴”等各类表情，均由内侧皮层与外侧皮层共同产生。长久以来，这两个脑区被认为独立运作，但该研究表明，它们共同参与了所有面部表情的生成过程。
不过，这两个区域的反应速度存在差异。外侧皮层的活动能快速调整，以协调快速的面部动作，确保社交互动流畅进行。相比之下，内侧皮层的活动节奏更为舒缓，这或许使其能够追踪影响面部表情的缓慢变化的环境因素。此外，这两种神经活动模式均先于面部动作出现，表明大脑会提前规划表情。
这引发了一个问题：猴子是否会有意识地规划自己的表情？这正是进化心理学家在新研究中探索的解释方向。如果面部表情在一定程度上是自愿的，那么它们可能不太像情绪的镜子，而更像是“社交影响的工具”，正如研究人员所言。至少，表情似乎是情绪与认知复杂互动的产物。
未参与该研究的社会与进化心理学家艾伦·弗里德伦德认为，猴子会战略性地控制面部表情，这一点不足为奇。但他质疑，在实验室环境中设计的互动能否完全捕捉猴子交流的真实情况及其背后的神经活动；理想情况下，未来的研究应在猴子的自然栖息地进行。尽管如此，弗里德伦德表示，这项新研究“为我们提供了更详细的方法来研究面部表情的神经机制”。
9．D 10．D 11．B 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了非洲萨赫勒地区的农民Yacouba Sawadogo在20世纪80年代采用传统方法对抗沙漠化，历经艰辛最终成功将荒漠变为森林，并将技术推广造福更多农民的故事。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段，Yacouba挖洞是为了收集珍贵雨水，同时可添加肥料或堆肥增加土壤养分。故选D。
10．细节理解题。社区认为Yacouba的方法奇怪，因这些方法劳动密集、人力成本高，所以最初误解他"疯了"。故选D。
11．细节理解题。Yacouba的成功使他能接触更广泛受众，分享农业技术，帮助更多农民对抗沙漠化，这是其最重要影响。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。全文讲述农民Yacouba凭借坚定信念将荒漠变为森林的故事，最后一段强调这片森林是其信念的见证，C选项“从沙漠到森林：一位农民的信念”最能概括主旨。故选C。
翻译：
萨赫勒，这片夹在撒哈拉沙漠与苏丹草原之间的非洲干旱地区，正逐渐沦为尘土。尽管国内外层面的努力均告失败，但在20世纪80年代，当地一位名叫亚库巴·萨瓦多戈的农民决定亲自采取行动。
这位农民没有采用现代创新技术，而是回归古老方法，通过两种简单的传统手段对抗沙漠化。一种是挖掘洞穴收集珍贵的雨水，洞穴中可放置肥料或堆肥以增加土壤养分，随后可在这些洞穴中种植作物。另一种是在田地里铺设石线以减缓水流速度。但在他的社区看来，这些方法显得古怪。“他们以为我疯了。”亚库巴后来回忆道。
诚然，这两种方法劳动强度大，人力成本较高。然而，亚库巴坚持不懈。数年后，变化开始显现：曾经只有尘土的土地上冒出了绿芽，树木生长起来，他的土地彻底变了样。
亚库巴的成功使他从最初被嘲笑的对象变成了社区中备受尊敬的人物。2010年，一部纪录片让他的故事传遍世界。更重要的是，这份名气让他能够接触到更广泛的受众，并与其他农民分享他的农业技术，使他们在对抗沙漠化的斗争中拥有了更有力的工具。
如今矗立的森林是一个人坚定信念的见证。亚库巴·萨瓦多戈不仅阻止了沙漠的蔓延，还播下了希望的种子，这些种子长成了森林，也在他的人民心中扎下了根。