高中英语时态核心知识点
高中英语时态的核心逻辑是【时间维度 + 动作状态(体)】的组合:时间分为 4 大类(现在、过去、将来、过去将来),动作状态分为 4 类(一般、进行、完成、完成进行),共组合成 16 种时态。其中8 种为高考高频必考,4 种为次高频,剩余 4 种为了解级,以下按考点优先级梳理。
英语 16 种时态核心信息简易表(高中通用 主动语态)
核心逻辑:16 种时态 = 4 个时间维度 × 4 个动作状态(体),标★为高考高频必考时态,优先掌握。
时间维度 一般体 进行体 完成体 完成进行体
现在时 ★【结构】be(am/is/are);do/does 【核心】经常性动作、客观真理、主将从现【标志】every 系列,always, usually, often ★【结构】 am/is/are doing 【核心】此刻 / 现阶段正在进行的动作 【标志】now, look, listen, at the moment, these days ★【结构】have/has done 【核心】过去动作对现在有影响 / 持续到现在 【标志】already, yet, since, for, so far, in the past few years 【结构】have/has been doing 【核心】过去开始持续到现在,强调动作过程 【标志】all the time, for + 时间段,since + 时间点
过去时 ★【结构】be(was/were);did 【核心】过去确定时间的已完成动作,与现在无关 【标志】yesterday, last 列, ...ago, just now, in + 过去年份 ★【结构】 was/were doing 【核心】过去某时间点正在进行的动作 【标志】at 8 yesterday, this time last week, when/while + 过去时 ★【结构】had done 【核心】过去的过去,必须有过去动作作参照【标志】by + 过去时间,before + 过去动作 【结构】had been doing 【核心】过去的过去开始,持续到过去某时间 【标志】for + 时间段,by + 过去时间
将来时 ★【结构】will/shall do 【核心】将来的动作、意愿、客观预测 【标志】tomorrow, next 系列,soon, in + 将来时间段 【结构】will be doing【核心】将来某时间点正在进行的动作 【标志】at 8 tomorrow, this time next week 【结构】will have done【核心】将来某时间点前会完成的动作 【标志】by + 将来时间 【结构】will have been doing【核心】将来某时间前持续进行的动作 【标志】by + 将来时间,for + 时间段
过去将来时 ★【结构】would/should do【核心】过去视角下,将要发生的动作 【标志】the next day, 主句为过去时的宾语从句 【结构】would be doing【核心】过去视角下,将来某时间正在进行的动作 【标志】the following week 【结构】 would have done 【核心】过去视角下,将来某时间前完成的动作【标志】by + 过去将来时间 【结构】would have been doing【核心】过去视角下,将来某时间前持续进行的动作 【标志】for + 时间段
补充 1:被动语态通用转换规则(高考高频)
被动语态核心结构:对应时态的 be 动词正确形式 + 及物动词过去分词 done高频必考时态被动结构示例:
1.一般现在时被动:am/is/are + done
2.一般过去时被动:was/were + done
3.一般将来时被动:will be + done
4.现在进行时被动:am/is/are being + done
5.过去进行时被动:was/were being + done
6.现在完成时被动:have/has been + done
7.过去完成时被动:had been + done
8.过去将来时被动:would be + done
补充 2:极简记忆口诀
时间分四段:现在过去将来过去将来 状态分四种:一般进行完成完成进行两两相组合,十六时态成 先定时间线,再看动作态 被动加 be done,规则永不变
详解:
一、高频必考 8 种时态(核心考点)
1. 一般现在时
结构:be(am/is/are)、动词原形 do / 第三人称单数 does
核心用法
1.客观真理、科学事实、格言警句(不受主句时态影响,永远用一般现在时)
2.经常性、习惯性的动作或状态
3.固定时间表 / 日程表的将来动作(如列车发车、电影开场)
4.主将从现:时间 / 条件 / 让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来
标志词:always, usually, often, every day/week, once a month, on Sundays
易错点:第三人称数变形;客观真理不可随主句改过去时
例:He said the earth goes around the sun.
2. 一般过去时
结构:be(was、were )、动词过去式 did
核心用法:过去某个确定时间发生的动作 / 状态,动作已完成,与现在无关联
标志词:yesterday, last week/year, just now, in 2020, ...ago, the other day, at that time
易错点:与现在完成时的辨析(高考最高频考点,下文详解)
3. 一般将来时
核心结构 & 用法区分
结构 核心用法
will/shall do 临时决定的将来、意愿承诺、客观预测;shall 仅用于第一人称
be going to do 提前计划好的动作;有明显迹象表明即将发生
be to do 正式安排、计划;或表命令、禁止、义务
be about to do 即将发生的动作,不可与具体时间状语连用,常与 when 搭配
标志词:tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon, in + 时间段
易错点:be about to do 不能加 tomorrow/next week 等具体时间
例:I'm about to leave.(正确); I'm about to leave tomorrow.(错误)
4. 现在进行时
结构:am/is/are + doing
核心用法
1.说话时正在进行的动作
2.现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时不一定在做)
3.表将来:仅限 come, go, leave, arrive, start, fly 等位移动词
4.与 always/constantly 连用,表抱怨、赞扬等强烈情绪
标志词:now, right now, at the moment, these days, look, listen
易错点:静态动词(表状态 / 感觉 / 心理的词)不可用进行时
例:know, like, hate, belong, have (表拥有)、see、hear 等。
正确:I know the answer. 错误:I'm knowing the answer.
5. 过去进行时
结构:was/were + doing
核心用法
1.过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作
2.过去两个动作:长动作用过去进行时,短动作用一般过去时(when/while 引导从句,高频考点)
3.过去反复的动作,带情绪色彩
标志词:at 8 o'clock yesterday, this time yesterday, at that time last night, when/while 引导的过去时间状语从句
易错点:
与一般过去时的区分:
过去进行时强调「动作在过去某时刻正在进行,未完成」;
一般过去时强调「动作已完成,是既定事实」。
例:I wrote a letter yesterday.(写完了)
I was writing a letter yesterday.(昨天一直在写,不一定写完)
6. 现在完成时
结构:have/has + done
核心用法
1.过去发生的动作,对现在造成明确影响 / 结果(核心:与现在强关联)
2.动作从过去开始,持续到现在,可能继续延续
3.过去到现在的经历、经验
标志词:already, yet, just, ever, never, since + 时间点,for + 时间段,so far, up to now, in the past/last few years, recently
易错点
1.瞬间动词(buy, die, leave, join, come 等)不能与 for/since 引导的持续时间连用,需转换为延续性动词(例:buy→have had;die→have been dead;leave→have been away;join→have been in)
2.与一般过去时的核心辨析(下文详解)
7. 过去完成时
结构:had + done
核心用法:过去的过去,即动作在过去某个参照动作 / 时间点之前就已完成,必须有明确的过去参照,不可单独使用
标志词:by + 过去时间点,before + 过去动作,when/after 引导的过去时态从句
易错点:无过去参照不能用,例:I had finished my homework before my mom came back.(正确,came back 是过去参照);I had finished my homework.(错误,无参照)
8. 过去将来时
结构:would/should do;was/were going to do
核心用法:站在过去的时间点,描述将要发生的动作,多用于主句为过去时的宾语从句;也可表过去的计划、打算
标志词:the next day, the following week, 主句为过去时的宾语从句
易错点:would do 与 used to do 区分:would 仅表过去反复的动作,不表状态;used to 可表动作和状态,且暗含「现在不再这样」的含义。
二、次高频 4 种时态
1.将来进行时 will be doing:将来某个时间点正在进行的动作,或按计划必然发生的动作,语气比 will do 更委婉。标志词:at 8 o'clock tomorrow, this time next week
2.现在完成进行时 have/has been doing:动作从过去开始,持续到现在,刚刚结束或仍在进行,强调动作的持续性、过程性。与现在完成时的区别:现在完成时强调「结果、完成」,现在完成进行时强调「过程、持续」。
3.过去完成进行时 had been doing:过去的过去开始的动作,持续到过去某个时间,强调持续性,考频极低。
4.将来完成时 will have done:将来某个时间点之前会完成的动作。标志词:by + 将来时间点。
三、高考最高频考点:易混时态辨析
对比组 核心区别 例句
一般过去时VS 现在完成时 一般过去时:仅陈述过去事实,与现在无关,可加具体过去时间。 现在完成时:过去动作对现在有影响,关联现在,不可加具体过去时间 I saw this film last week.(上周看的,仅陈述过去) I have seen this film.(我看过,现在知道剧情,影响现在)
过去进行时VS 一般过去时 过去进行时:过去某时刻动作正在进行,未完成 一般过去时:过去动作已完成,是既定事实 When he came in, I was making a call.(他进来时,我正在打电话) When he came in, I made a call.(他进来后,我打了电话)
现在完成时VS 现在完成进行时 现在完成时:强调动作完成、结果现在完成进行时:强调动作持续、过程,可能仍在进行 I have painted the wall.(墙刷完了,强调结果) I have been painting the wall.(一直在刷,可能还没结束,强调过程)
四、高考必背时态特殊规则
1. 主将从现原则
主句用一般将来时,时间 / 条件 / 让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来。
引导词:if, unless, as soon as, when, until, before, after, no matter what/where 等
例句:If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
补充:主句为情态动词 / 祈使句时,从句仍用一般现在时:Please call me when you arrive.
2. 宾语从句时态一致
主句为一般现在时,从句可根据需要用任何时态(主现从不限)
主句为一般过去时,从句必须用对应的过去时态(一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来)主过从必过
例外:从句为客观真理、科学事实时,永远用一般现在时:The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
3. 静态动词禁用进行时
静态动词(表状态、感觉、心理活动)无进行时态,仅用一般时:
表状态:be, have (拥有), belong to, own
表感觉:see, hear, smell, taste, sound
表心理:know, believe, understand, remember, like, love, hate, want, nee
五、时态题解题步骤(高考通用)
1.找标志词 / 时间状语,确定时间维度(现在 / 过去 / 将来 / 过去将来)
2.分析动作状态:是经常性动作(一般)、正在进行(进行)、已完成有影响(完成)、持续进行(完成进行)
3.找参照动作:两个过去动作,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时
4.核对特殊规则:是否符合主将从现、时态一致、客观真理等要求
5.排除法排除结构错误、时态不符的选项
高中英语时态专项练习题
基础篇
一、单句时态填空(基础→高考难度)
用括号内动词的正确时态填空。
1. I ________ (read) the novel these days.
2. He ________ (fall) asleep while he ________ (read).
3. By the time you arrive, I ________ (finish) the work.
4. She ________ (teach) English for ten years before she came here.
5. Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in the past few years.
6. The film ________ (begin) when we got to the cinema.
7. I ________ (not see) him since he ________ (leave) here.
8. Look! The sky is so dark. It ________ (rain).
9. He ________ (always make) the same mistake, which makes me angry.
10. The meeting ________ (hold) at 9 tomorrow morning.
二、语法填空(高考真题风格)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I can well remember that I 1. (go) to the bookstore last Sunday.I 2.________ (look) for a book about history when a man 3.________ (come) up to me.
He told me that he 4.________ (lose) his way and didn’t know how to get home.By the time I helped him find his address, the bookstore 5.________ (close).I 6.________ (not buy) anything, but I 7.________ (feel) very happy.
Now I often think that if I 8.________ (have) another chance, I 9.________ (do) the same again.Kindness 10.________ (be) the most beautiful language in the world.
答案
一、单句填空答案
1. am reading(these days 现在进行时)
2. fell; was reading(while 从句用进行时)
3. will have finished(by the time + 将来完成时)
4. had taught(before 过去完成时)
5. have taken(in the past few years 现在完成时)
6. had begun(got 过去,之前发生用过去完成)
7. haven’t seen; left(since 主句现完,从句一过)
8. is going to rain(迹象,be going to)
9. is always making(always + 进行时表情绪)
10. will be held(将来被动)
二、语法填空答案
1. went 2. was looking 3. came 4. had lost 5. had closed
6. didn’t buy 7. felt 8. had 9. will do 10. is
进阶篇
高考英语时态真题单选(15题)
1. —I hear you ______ in a pub. What’s it like
—Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.
A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working
2. —When shall we restart our business
—Not until we ______ our plan.
A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished
3. I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I ______.
A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had been doing
4. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______ from college.
A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated
5. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they ______ from China.
A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received
6. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______.
A. will leave B. are leaving C. were leaving D. have left
7. —Tommy is planning to buy a car.
—I know. By next month, he ______ enough for a used one.
A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved
8. —Have you finished reading Jane Eyre
—No, I ______ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do
9. When you are home, give a call to let me know you ______ safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive
10. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting
11. —Why didn’t you come to the cinema with us last Saturday
—Oh, sorry. But I ______ the film.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen
12. I ______ to visit him yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. intended B. would intend C. was intending D. had intended
13. —Did you ask Sophia for help
—I ______ need to. I managed perfectly well on my own.
A. wouldn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. won’t
14. —I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______ on my desk
—I put it there just now in case you needed it.
A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed
15. If you don’t like the drink you ______, just leave it and try a different one.
A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered
1.答案:A
解析:现在进行时 am/is/are doing 表示现阶段正在做(不一定此时此刻,但最近一直在做)。答句用一般现在时描述现状,说明是现在的工作。
2.答案:D
解析:not until 引导时间状语从句,主将从现(主句将来,从句用现在/现在完成)。have finished 强调“完成计划”这个结果。
3.B
解析:am doing 现在进行时,表示“我正在做的事”。句意:一做完我现在正在做的事,我就去图书馆。
4.答案:D
解析:by the time + 一般过去时,主句用过去完成时 had done:“截止到过去某个时间点,已经完成”。
5.答案:D
解析:“上个月表示感谢”是过去,收到援助在“感谢”之前,过去的过去 → 过去完成时 had received。
6 答案:C
解析:过去进行时 were leaving 表过去将来:“听说他们将要离开”。主句 was concerned 是过去,从句也要用过去范畴。
7.答案:D
解析:by + 将来时间(by next month),用将来完成时 will have done:“到下个月为止,将会攒够”。
8.答案:A
解析:all day yesterday 昨天一整天 → 过去进行时 was doing,强调过去某段时间一直在做。
9.答案:B
解析:have arrived 现在完成时,强调已经安全到达这个结果,通知我“你已经到了”。
10.答案:B
解析:主语是 the fact(单数),一般现在时,谓语用 suggests。这题考主谓一致 + 时态。
11.答案:D
解析:“上周六没去”是过去,之前已经看过 →过去的过去 → had seen。
12.答案:D
解析:had intended/meant/planned to do表示“本来打算/本想做(但没做成)”,固定高考考点。
13.答案:C
解析:
问句 Did → 过去时。
didn’t need to 过去“不必/没有必要”。
14.答案:B
解析:现在完成时 has landed 强调过去动作对现在的影响:名单已经在我桌上了。
15.答案:A
解析:点饮料是过去的动作,用一般过去时 ordered。定语从句 you ordered 修饰 the drink。
高中英语时态专项语法填空
语法填空
基础篇1 主题:社区志愿活动
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last weekend, I 1.______ (take) part in a volunteer activity at the local community library. I 2.______ (prepare) for it for three days before it started. When I 3.______ (arrive) at the library at 8 am, many readers 4.______ (wait) there already.
My main job was to organize books and help readers find what they needed. I 5.______ (work) for 6 hours without a break, but I didn’t feel tired. By the time the library closed, I 6.______ (help) more than 50 readers.
Now I 7.______ (look) forward to the next volunteer activity. I 8.______ (join) more such activities in the coming months. I believe that kindness 9.______ (make) the world warmer, and I 10.______ (keep) doing what I can to help others.
基础篇1 答案
1. took
解析:标志词Last weekend,明确的过去时间,用一般过去时。
2. had prepared
解析:“准备”发生在过去动作started之前,是“过去的过去”,用过去完成时;for three days也对应完成时的持续用法。
3. arrived
解析:when引导的时间状语从句,描述过去发生的瞬间动作,用一般过去时。
4. were waiting
解析:“我到达”的过去时间点,读者们正在等待,过去某时刻正在进行的动作,用过去进行时。
5. worked
解析:描述过去周末发生的、已经结束的完整动作,用一般过去时。
6. had helped
解析:标志词By the time + 一般过去时(the library closed),主句用过去完成时,表示“截止到过去某个时间点已经完成的动作”。
7. am looking
解析:标志词Now,描述现阶段正在进行的情绪/动作,用现在进行时。
8. will join
解析:标志词in the coming months,将来的时间,用一般将来时。
9. makes
解析:宾语从句中描述客观真理、普遍规律,永远用一般现在时;主语kindness是不可数名词,谓语用第三人称单数。
10. will keep
解析:描述将来的计划、决心,用一般将来时。
基础篇2 主题:我的英语学习成长
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I still remember that I 1.______ (begin) to learn English when I was 7 years old. At first, I 2.______ (not like) it because I thought it was too hard. But my English teacher always encouraged me, and I 3.______ (make) progress little by little since then.
By the end of last term, I 4.______ (master) more than 3000 English words. Now, I 5.______ (prepare) for the senior high school English competition. I 6.______ (practice) my oral English every evening these days.
I believe that by the time I take part in the competition next month, I 7.______ (improve) my speaking skills greatly. I 8.______ (never forget) my teacher’s help all my life. No matter how hard it is, I 9.______ (stick) to learning English. After all, English 10.______ (become) more and more important in our daily life.
基础篇2 答案
1. began
解析:when I was 7 years old是明确的过去时间,用一般过去时。
2. didn’t like
解析:描述过去的喜好、状态,用一般过去时的否定形式。
3. have made
解析:标志词since then,从过去持续到现在的动作,用现在完成时。
4. had mastered
解析:标志词By the end of last term(过去的时间),用过去完成时,表示“截止到过去某个时间已经完成”。
5. am preparing
解析:标志词Now,描述现阶段正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。
6. am practicing
解析:标志词these days,现阶段一直在做的动作,用现在进行时。
7. will have improved
解析:标志词by the time + 一般现在时表将来(next month),主句用将来完成时,表示“截止到将来某个时间点将会完成的动作”。
8. will never forget
解析:描述将来的状态、决心,用一般将来时。
9. will stick
解析:让步状语从句遵循“主将从现”,从句一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。
10. is becoming
解析:描述现阶段正在发生的变化,“变得越来越重要”,用现在进行时。
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every year, around 20,000 people climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 1.______ (bring) with them lots of waste. The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers are disappearing, 2.______ (change) the face of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I 3.______ (be) skeptical about the place before my visit. However, I soon 4.______ (find) that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of tons of rubbish. I 5.______ (visit) a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.
The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts 6.______ (make) by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem 7.______ (pay) off.
The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains 8.______ (regard) as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers 9.______ (go) through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends at 3,000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which 10.______ (cover) with thick grass.
真题篇1 答案
1. bring(时态考点)
解析:Every year是一般现在时的标志词,描述经常性、习惯性的动作,主语They是复数,用动词原形bring。
2. changing(非谓语考点)
解析:现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
3. was(时态考点)
解析:before my visit是过去的时间,描述过去的状态,用一般过去时。
4. found(时态考点)
解析:描述过去旅行期间发生的动作,和前面的was时态一致,用一般过去时。
5. visited(时态考点)
解析:继续描述过去旅行的经历,已经结束的动作,用一般过去时。
6. made(非谓语考点)
解析:过去分词作后置定语,修饰efforts,表被动。
7. to have paid(非谓语考点)
解析:seem to do是固定搭配,pay off这个动作已经发生,用不定式的完成式。
8. are regarded(时态+语态考点)
解析:描述客观事实、普遍认知,用一般现在时;Mountains和regard是被动关系,用一般现在时的被动语态。
9. go(时态考点)
解析:as引导的时间状语从句,描述客观规律,用一般现在时,符合主将从现的延伸规则。
10. are covered(时态+语态考点)
解析:描述客观存在的状态,用一般现在时;which指代mountainsides,和cover是被动关系,用一般现在时的被动语态。
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old American woman 1.______ (become) the oldest person ever to ski to the South Pole when she completed the 1,110-kilometer journey last month.
She 2.______ (dream) of this adventure since she was in her 70s. Before she set off, she 3.______ (train) for four years, spending 6 to 8 hours a week on physical exercise. When her friends first heard about her plan, they 4.______ (think) she was crazy. But she never gave up.
During the journey, she 5.______ (face) many difficulties. The temperature often dropped to -35℃, and strong winds 6.______ (blow) almost every day. However, she 7.______ (keep) going. By the time she reached the South Pole, she 8.______ (spend) 57 days on the ice.
Now, her story 9.______ (inspire) more and more people around the world. She says that age is just a number, and she 10.______ (continue) to challenge herself in the future.
真题篇2 答案
1. became(时态考点)
解析:标志词last month,明确的过去时间,描述过去发生的、已经完成的动作,用一般过去时。
2. had dreamed(时态考点)
解析:动作从“70多岁”开始,持续到过去的动作completed之前,是“过去的过去”,用过去完成时。
3. had trained(时态考点)
解析:“训练”发生在过去动作set off之前,是“过去的过去”,用过去完成时;for four years对应完成时的持续用法。
4. thought(时态考点)
解析:when引导的时间状语从句,heard是一般过去时,主句动作和从句同时发生,用一般过去时。
5. faced(时态考点)
解析:描述过去旅途中发生的动作,已经结束的经历,用一般过去时。
6. blew(时态考点)
解析:和前面的dropped并列,描述过去的天气状况,用一般过去时。
7. kept(时态考点)
解析:描述过去的动作,“坚持前行”,和上下文时态一致,用一般过去时。
8. had spent(时态考点)
解析:标志词By the time + 一般过去时(reached the South Pole),主句用过去完成时,表示“截止到过去某个时间点已经完成的动作”。
9. is inspiring(时态考点)
解析:标志词Now,描述现阶段正在发生的动作,“正在激励越来越多的人”,用现在进行时。
10. will continue(时态考点)
解析:标志词in the future,描述将来的计划和决心,用一般将来时。
高中英语时态高考易错
1. —Can I borrow your new book
—Sorry, I ______ it to Mike. He ______ it for 2 weeks.
A. lent; has borrowed B. have lent; has kept
C. lent; kept D. have lent; has borrowed
2. Once you ______ your homework, you can go out to play with your friends.
A. will finish B. are finishing C. have finished D. finished
3. I ______ dinner when my best friend ______ at my door last night.
A. had; was knocking B. was having; knocked
C. had had; knocked D. was having; was knocking
4. I ______ to attend your birthday party, but an unexpected emergency came up.
A. intended B. was intending C. had intended D. would intend
5. The number of students applying for this major ______ by 15% in the past two years.
A. rose B. has risen C. had risen D. is rising
6. —Will you be available this Saturday afternoon I want to invite you to my party.
—I’m afraid not. I ______ my grandma in the hospital at that time.
A. will visit B. am visiting C. will be visiting D. am going to visit
7. Our geography teacher told us that the equator ______ the earth into the northern and southern hemispheres.
A. divides B. divided C. had divided D. would divide
8. It has been 5 years since we ______ each other in the senior high school campus.
A. meet B. met C. have met D. had met
9. —Look at the heavy fog outside! The highway ______ closed soon.
—You’re right. I ______ my travel plan right now.
A. will be; will change B. is going to be; will change
C. will be; am changing D. is going to be; am going to change
10. We didn’t know if our monitor ______ the speech contest, but we promised that if he joined, we ______ him the whole time.
A. would join; would support B. joined; would support
C. will join; will support D. joined; supported
答案
1. 答案:B
【解析】 第一空:强调“把书借给Mike”这个动作对现在的影响(现在没法借给你了),用现在完成时have lent;
第二空:for 2 weeks是持续时间段,必须和延续性动词连用。borrow是瞬间动词,不能和持续时间连用,需换成对应的延续性动词keep,因此用has kept。
【技巧】看到for/since+持续时间,先检查动词是否可延续,瞬间动词直接排除。
2. 答案:C
【易错点】主将从现的特殊用法,学生极易错选will finish。
【解析】
once引导时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,从句绝对不能用将来时,直接排除A;
从句用现在完成时have finished,强调“完成作业”这个动作的结果,只有先写完作业,才能出去玩,符合语境逻辑。
【技巧】时间/条件状语从句中,要强调“先完成从句动作,再做主句动作”,优先用现在完成时表将来完成。
3. 答案:B
【易错点】过去进行时与一般过去时的搭配,学生极易搞反两个动作的时态。
【解析】
when引导时间状语从句,有固定的时态逻辑:长动作用过去进行时,短动作用一般过去时。
“做饭”是昨晚持续进行的长动作,用was having;“敲门”是瞬间发生的短动作,用一般过去时knocked。
【技巧】看到when+过去的场景,先区分“长动作/持续动作”和“短动作/瞬间动作”,直接对应时态。
4. 答案:C
【易错点】过去完成时的特殊固定用法,学生极易错选一般过去时intended。
【解析】
had intended/meant/planned to do sth. 是高考固定考点,专门表示“本打算/本计划做某事,但最终没做成”,刚好对应后半句but引出的“突发状况,没能参加派对”的语境。
一般过去时intended仅能表示“过去打算”,无法体现“计划落空”的含义,不符合语境。
【技巧】看到“本想做但没做成”的语境,直接锁定had intended/meant to do。
5. 答案:B
【易错点】现在完成时标志词的混淆,学生极易把in the past two years当成一般过去时的标志,错选rose。
【解析】in the past/last + 时间段(in the past two years),是现在完成时的核心标志词,表示“从过去持续到现在的两年里”,因此用has risen。只有单独的in the past(在过去),才用一般过去时。
【技巧】看到in the past/last + 数字+年/月,直接锁定现在完成时。
6. 答案:C
【易错点】将来进行时的核心用法,学生极易错选一般将来时will visit/am going to visit。
【解析】
问句中的this Saturday afternoon + at that time,明确指向将来的一个具体时间点,强调“那个时间点我正在做某事”,必须用将来进行时will be visiting。
一般将来时仅能表示“将来要做某事”,无法体现“将来某个时间点正在进行”的含义,不符合语境。
【技巧】看到将来的具体时间点+“at that time/at 8 o'clock tomorrow”,直接锁定将来进行时。
7. 答案:A
【易错点】宾语从句的时态一致规则,学生极易被主句的过去时told误导,错选divided。
【解析】
宾语从句中,有一条绝对规则:客观真理、自然规律、科学事实,永远用一般现在时,不受主句时态的影响。
“赤道把地球分为南北半球”是永恒的客观真理,因此用一般现在时divides。
【技巧】看到从句内容是客观真理,直接选一般现在时,无视主句时态。
8. 答案:B
【易错坑点】since引导时间状语从句的固定时态规则,学生极易和主句时态混淆,错选have met。
【解析】
It is/has been + 时间段 + since + 从句,是高考固定句型,规则为:主句用现在完成时/一般现在时,从句必须用一般过去时,因此选met。
【技巧】看到since引导的时间状语从句,直接记“主句现完,从句一过”。
9. 答案:B
【易错坑点】be going to和will的用法区别,学生极易混淆两者的使用场景。
【解析】
第一空:外面的大雾是“高速即将封闭”的明显客观迹象,有迹象预示将要发生的事,必须用be going to;
第二空:“立刻修改旅行计划”是当场临时做出的决定,临时决定用will。
【技巧】有迹象、有计划用be going to;临时决定、客观必然用will。
10. 答案:A
if的两个含义对应的时态规则,是高考超高频混淆点,极易错选B。
【解析】 第一个if表“是否”,引导宾语从句,主句didn’t know是一般过去时,从句要对应过去范畴的时态,“是否会参加比赛”是从过去看将来,用过去将来时would join;
第二个if表“如果”,引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”,这里整体是过去语境,因此主句用过去将来时would support。
【技巧】先翻译if的意思:表“是否”,该用什么时态就用什么时态;表“如果”,严格遵循主将从现。
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was the first time that I 1. (give) a speech in front of the whole school. I 2.______ (prepare) for it for a whole month before I stepped on the stage. My father used to tell me that light 3.______ (travel) faster than sound, and I 4.______ (be) in love with public speaking ever since I gave my first short speech in Grade 10.
I still remember that I 5.______ (practice) my speech repeatedly when my mother 6.______ (knock) at my door the night before the competition. At first, I 7.______ (intend) to give up the chance, because I was too nervous. But my teacher encouraged me, and I 8.______ (make) rapid progress in my speaking skills in the past few years.
By the end of this term, I 9.______ (give) more than 20 speeches at school. I don’t know if I 10.______ (win) the national competition next month, but if I get the chance, I will try my best.
答案
1. had given
【易错点】It was the + 序数词 + time that 句型的固定时态规则,学生高频错用gave/have given。
【解析】该句型为高考固定考点:It was the first/second...time that + 过去完成时 had done;对应结构It is the first/second...time that + 现在完成时 have/has done。
【技巧】看到这个句型,直接看be动词:was配过去完成时,is配现在完成时。
2. had prepared
【易错点】过去完成时“过去的过去”的核心逻辑,学生高频错用一般过去时prepared。
【解析】“准备演讲”发生在过去动作stepped on the stage(登上舞台)之前,是“过去的过去”,必须用过去完成时;for a whole month也对应完成时的持续用法。
【技巧】两个过去动作,先发生的用had done,后发生的用did。
3. travels
【易错点】宾语从句中的客观真理规则,学生高频错用一般过去时travelled,被主句的used to tell误导。
【解析】宾语从句中,客观真理、自然规律、科学事实,永远用一般现在时,不受主句时态影响。“光速比声速快”是永恒的客观真理,因此用travels。
【技巧】看到从句内容是客观真理,直接选一般现在时,无视主句时态。
4. have been
瞬间动词与延续性动词的完成时用法,学生高频错用have fallen。
【解析】ever since(自从)引导的时间状语,要求主句用现在完成时,且动词必须是延续性动词。fall in love是瞬间动作,不能和持续时间连用,需换成对应的延续性状态be in love,因此用have been。
【技巧】看到for/since/ever since+持续时间,先检查动词是否可延续,瞬间动词直接排除。
5. was practicing
【易错点】when引导的时间状语从句的时态搭配,学生高频错用一般过去时practiced。
【解析】when引导从句时,有固定时态逻辑:长动作/持续动作用过去进行时,短动作/瞬间动作用一般过去时。“反复练习演讲”是昨晚持续进行的长动作,用过去进行时was practicing。
【技巧】看到when+过去场景,先区分“长动作”和“短动作”,长动作配过去进行时。
6. knocked
【易错点】同上,学生高频错用过去进行时was knocking。
【解析】“敲门”是瞬间发生的短动作,和长动作“练习”同时发生,必须用一般过去时knocked。
【技巧】when从句中,瞬间发生的一次性动作,一律用一般过去时。
7. had intended
【易错点】过去完成时的固定特殊用法,学生高频错用一般过去时intended。
【解析】had intended/meant/planned to do sth. 是高考固定考点,专门表示**“本打算/本计划做某事,但最终没做成”**,刚好对应后半句“本想放弃但最终没有放弃”的语境。一般过去时intended仅能表示“过去打算”,无法体现“计划落空”的含义。
【技巧】看到“本想做但没做成”的转折语境,直接锁定had intended/meant to do。
8. have made
【易错点】现在完成时的标志词误用,学生高频错用一般过去时made。
【解析】in the past/last + 时间段(in the past few years),是现在完成时的核心标志词,表示“从过去持续到现在的几年里”,因此用have made。只有单独的in the past(在过去),才用一般过去时。
【技巧】看到in the past/last + 数字+年/月,直接锁定现在完成时。
9. will have given
【易错坑点】将来完成时的固定用法,学生高频错用一般将来时will give。
【解析】by + 将来时间(by the end of this term),是将来完成时的核心标志,表示“截止到将来某个时间点,将会完成的动作”,必须用will have done。
【避坑技巧】看到by + 将来时间,直接选will have done;by + 过去时间,选had done。
10. will win
【易错点】if的两个含义对应的时态规则,学生高频错用一般现在时win,误用主将从现。
【解析】第一个if表“是否”,引导宾语从句,不受主将从现规则限制;next month是将来时间,因此用一般将来时will win。只有if表“如果”,引导条件状语从句时,才遵循主将从现。
【避坑技巧】先翻译if的意思:表“是否”,该用什么时态就用什么时态;表“如果”,严格遵循主将从现。
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 72-year-old Chinese man 1.______ (complete) a 100-day cycling trip across China to promote environmental 2.______ (protect) last month. He said he 3.______ (plan) the trip for over two years before he started off.
When he 4.______ (ride) through the countryside last May, he 5.______ (shock) by the serious pollution in some villages. He told the local villagers that the environment 6.______ (protect) by everyone, and he 7.______ (hold) more than 30 sharing sessions to spread environmental ideas by the time his trip ended.
Now, his story 8.______ (spread) widely online, and he 9.______ (always receive) messages from young people inspired by him. He said that he 10.______ (start) another cycling trip along the Yellow River next year.
答案
1. completed
【易错点】时态标志词的优先级,学生高频错用has completed,被后面的for over two years误导。
【解析】标志词last month是明确的过去时间,描述过去发生的、已经结束的完整动作,必须用一般过去时completed。for over two years修饰的是从句的plan,而非主句的complete。
【技巧】先找句子的核心时间标志词,明确动作发生的时间范围,不要被从句的时间状语干扰。
2. protection
【非谓语/词性转换考点,高考高频基础题】
【解析】environmental后面接名词,promote environmental protection 表示“推动环境保护”。
3. had planned
【易错点】过去完成时“过去的过去”的逻辑,学生高频错用planned。
【解析】“规划行程”发生在过去动作started off(出发)之前,是“过去的过去”,且持续了两年多,用过去完成时had planned。
4. was riding
【易错点】过去进行时的用法,学生高频错用一般过去时rode。
【解析】when引导的时间状语从句,“骑行穿过乡村”是过去某段时间内持续进行的长动作,用过去进行时was riding。
5. was shocked
【易错点】时态+被动语态的结合,学生高频错用shocked/was shocking。
【解析】描述过去发生的动作,主语he和shock是被动关系,“被震惊到”,因此用一般过去时的被动语态was shocked。
6. is protected
【易错点】客观真理+被动语态,学生高频错用was protected,被主句的told误导。
【解析】“环境需要被每个人保护”是普遍适用的客观道理,不受主句过去时的影响,用一般现在时的被动语态is protected。
7. had held
【易错点】by the time的过去完成时用法,学生高频错用held。
【解析】标志词by the time + 一般过去时(his trip ended),主句必须用过去完成时had done,表示“截止到过去行程结束时,已经举办了30多场分享会”。
8. has spread / is spreading
【易错点】现在完成时/现在进行时的用法,学生高频错用一般过去时spread。
【解析】标志词Now,强调“故事已经在网上广泛传播”(现在完成时has spread,强调结果),或“正在网上广泛传播”(现在进行时is spreading,强调正在进行的动作),两个答案均正确。
9. is always receiving
【易错点】always + 现在进行时表情绪,学生高频错用一般现在时always receives。
【解析】always + 现在进行时,可表达强烈的赞赏、抱怨等情绪,这里表示“他总是收到年轻人的信息”,带有赞赏的语气,符合语境。一般现在时仅能表示习惯性动作,无法体现情绪色彩。
10. would start
【易错点】过去将来时的用法,学生高频错用will start。
【解析】主句said是一般过去时,从句的next year是从过去看将来的时间,因此用过去将来时would start。
【技巧】主句是过去时,从句描述从过去看将要发生的动作,一律用would do。