/ 让教学更有效 英语学科
Unit 4 Helping out 单词解析二
1.directly(副词)直接地
[用法讲解] directly还可译为"立即，马上，坦率地".
Eg: Go directly to the manager's office.
直接去经理办公室。
The flight will depart directly after boarding.
登机后飞机将立即起飞。
"Tell me directly what you think," he said.
"有话直说，"他说道。
[常见搭配] directly opposite 正对面
Eg: The bank is directly opposite the post office.
银行在邮局正对面。
[派生词] direct为形容词，译为"直接的，直率的";direct还可为动词，译为"指导，导演".
Eg: There is no direct flight form this small city to the capital.
这座小城市没有直飞首都的航班。
She was chosen to direct the school's annual play.
她被选中指导学校的年度话剧。
[即学即用]
She spoke__________(direct) to the manager.
答案：directly
2.solution(名词)解决，解决方法
[用法讲解] solution为可数名词，其复数形式为solutions，也可译为"溶液，答案"等。
Eg:There is no easy solution to this problem.
这个问题没有简单的解决办法。
A salt solution can be made by dissolving salt in water.
把盐溶解在水中可以制成盐溶液。
The solution to the math problem is on the blackboard.
这道数学题的答案在黑板上。
[常见搭配] solution to+名词/动名词 ...的解决办法
Eg: The solution to reducing carbon emissions is very important for the environment.
减少碳排放的解决办法对环境非常重要。
[派生词] solve为动词，译为"解决，解答";
solvable为形容词，译为"可解决的，可解答的".
Eg: We need to solve this problem as soon as possible.
我们需要尽快解决这个问题。
This problem is solvable if we work together.
如果我们一起努力，这个问题是可以解决的。
[即学即用]
We need to find a practical_________(解决办法)to this problem.
答案：solution
3.bottle(名词)瓶子
[用法讲解]bottle为可数名词，其复数形式为 bottles;bottle也可为量词，表示"一瓶子的量";bottle还可为动词，译为"装瓶，抑制".
Eg: She recycled the glass bottle.
她回收了玻璃瓶。
He drank a whole bottle of water.
他喝了一整瓶水。
The wine is bottled in France.
这款酒在法国装瓶。
Don't bottle up your feelings.
别压抑情绪。
[常见搭配] a bottle of 一瓶
glass/ plastic bottle 玻璃/塑料瓶
Eg: She bought a bottle of perfume.
他买了一瓶香水。
Recycle plastic bottles to protect the environment.
回收塑料瓶以保护环境。
[即学即用]
请递给我一瓶水。
Please pass me___________________.
答案：a bottle of water
4.exam(名词)考试
[用法讲解] exam是可数名词，其复数形式为exams;exam是examination的缩写，也可指
医学上的"检查".
Eg: I have a math exam tomorrow.
我明天有数学考试。
The doctor recommended an eye exam.
医生建议做眼部检查。
[常见搭配] pass/ fail an exam 通过考试考试不及格
final exam 期末考试
physical exam 身体检查
Eg: He worked hard and passed the bar exam.
他努力学习并通过了律师资格考试。
The final exam covers all chapters of the textbook.
期末考试涵盖课本所有章节。
The athlete underwent a thorough physical exam.
运动员接受了全面的身体检查。
[即学即用]
After the__________(考试),the teacher discussed the answers with the class.
答案：exam
5.dialogue(名词)对话，对白
[用法讲解] dialogue为可数名词，其复数形式为dialogues，还可译为"台词".
Eg: The dialogue between the teacher and students was lively.
师生之间的对话很活跃。
The play's dialogue is full of humor.
这部剧的台词充满幽默。
[常见搭配]open dialogue 公开对话
Eg: We need open dialogue to resolve this conflict.
我们需要公开对话来解决矛盾。
[即学即用]
The book uses__________(对话)to reveal the characters' personalities.
答案：dialogue
6.flu(名词)流行性感冒，流感
[用法讲解] flu为不可数名词。
Eg: She's in bed with the flu.
她患流感卧床休息。
[常见搭配] flu vaccine 流感疫苗
flu virus 流感病毒
catch/ have a flu 患流感
Eg: The flu vaccine is updated every year.
流感疫苗每年更新。
Scientists are tracking a new strain of the flu virus.
科学家正在追踪一种新流感病毒株。
Half the office caught the flu this month.
这个月办公室一半的人都得了流感。
[易混辨析]test,exam与quiz的区别
test通常指小型的，不定期的测验，用于检验特定知识或技能：
exam一般指正式的，大型的考试；
quiz通常指一种简短的，频繁的评估。
Eg: The test results came back positive.
测试结果呈阳性。
Failing one exam is not the end of the world.
一次考试不及格并非世界末日。
The solution to last week's quiz is on page 81.
上星期测验的答案在第81页。
[即学即用]
The f________season usually peaks in January.
答案：flu
7.homeless(形容词)无家可归的
[用法讲解] homeless在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: The homeless man was looking for a warm place to sleep.
这个无家可归的男人正在寻找一个温暖的地方睡觉。
[常见搭配] the homeless 无家可归的人
Eg: The government has launched a series of policies to support the homeless.
政府出台了一系列政策来支持无家可归的人。
[派生词]home为名词，译为"家"，也可为副词，译为"在家".
Eg: My home is a small but cozy apartment.
我的家是一个小而温馨的公寓。
I'm at home e over if you have time.
我现在在家。如果有时间就过来。
[即学即用]
There are many_________(home) children in this poor area.
答案：homeless
8.soldier(名词)士兵，军人
[用法讲解] soldier为可数名词，其复数形式为soldiers.
Eg: The soldier marched in the parade.
士兵在游行中列队行进。
[常见搭配] soldier on 坚持不懈，继续努力
Eg: Despite setbacks, they soldiered on with the project.
尽管遇到挫折，他们仍坚持推进项目。
[即学即用]
Many_________(士兵)were injured during the war.
答案：soldiers
9.fireman(名词)消防队员
[用法讲解] fireman为可数名词，其复数形式为firemen.
Eg: The fireman rescued the child from the burning building.
消防队员从燃烧的大楼里救出了孩子。
[即学即用]
____________(fireman) often undergo rigorous training to deal with various emergencies.
答案：Firemen
10.against(介词)反对
[用法讲解] against还可译为"依靠".
Eg:He is against the war.
他反对战争。
The chair is against the wall.
椅子靠着墙。
[常见搭配] against the law 违法
be against doing sth. 反对做某事
Eg: This is against the law.
这是违法的。
I'm against cutting down the trees.
我反对砍伐树木。
[即学即用]
( )We'll play _______ Class Three.
A.against B.in C.to D.with
答案：A
11.graduate(动词)大学毕业
[常见搭配] graduate作动词，还可译为"授予学位";graduate为名词，译为"毕业生，研究生".
Eg: She will graduate from Harvard next year.
她明年将从哈佛毕业。
The university graduated 500 students this summer.
该大学今年夏季授予500名学生学位。
He is a graduate in computer science.
他是计算机科学专业的毕业生。
Graduate programs are highly competitive.
研究生项目竞争激烈。
[常见搭配] graduate from学校 从...毕
graduate with学位/荣誉 获得...学位/以...荣誉毕业
Eg: She graduated from Peking University.
她毕业于北京大学。
He graduated with honors.
他以优异成绩毕业。
[派生词] graduation为名词，译为"毕业".
Eg: It was my first job after graduation.
那是我毕业后的第一个工作。
[即学即用]
( )He graduated_____a degree in Computer Science.
A.with B.from C.after D. in
答案：A
12.college(名词)大学，学院
[用法讲解] college为可数名词，其复数形式为colleges.
Eg: The college offers a wide range of courses in different fields.
这所学院提供不同领域的广泛课程。
[常见搭配] go to college 上大学
at college 读大学
Eg: She decided to go to a local college to study nursing.
她决定去当地的一所学院学习护理专业。
My brother is in his second year at college.
我哥哥在大学读二年级。
[易混辨析] university和college区别：
university通常指一个提供广泛学科领域的高等教育机构，包括本科教育和研究生教育；
college可以指一个独立的高等教育机构，也可指大学中的一个组成部分(即学院)，强调特定领域。
Eg: She teaches at the University of Connecticut.
她任教于康涅狄格大学。
[即学即用]
他们的儿子今年九月就要上大学了。
Their son will_____________in September this year.
答案：go to college
13.goodwill(名词)好意，亲善，友善
[用法讲解] goodwill为不可数名词，也可译为"信誉，商誉".
Eg: She showed goodwill by helping her neighbour.
她通过帮助邻居表达了善意。
The company's goodwill is valued at $ 5 million.
该公司商誉估值500万美元。
[常见搭配] goodwill ambassador 亲善大使
goodwill donation 慈善捐赠
Eg: The actress serves as a UNICEF goodwill ambassador.
这位女演员担任联合国儿童基金会亲善大使。
Goodwill donations are tax - deductible in some countries.
在一些国家，慈善捐赠可抵税。
[即学即用]
The gesture showed genuine_________(善意)between the two nations.
答案：goodwill
14.warmth(名词)温暖
[用法讲解] warmth为不可数名词，还可译为"热情，友好，暖色调".
Eg: The warmth of the fireplace comforted us.
壁炉的温暖让我们感到舒适。
She greeted us with genuine warmth.
她以真诚的热情迎接我们。
The painting uses colors that suggest warmth.
这幅画采用了暖色调。
[常见搭配] body warmth 体温
in the warmth of... 在...的温暖氛围中
Eg: The blanket warmth effectively.
毯子很好地保留了体温。
They chatted in the warmth of the kitchen.
他们在厨房的温暖氛围中聊天。
[派生词] warm为形容词，译为"温暖的，热情的";
warmly为副词，译为"热情地，温暖地".
Eg: She gave him a warm hug, expressing her gratitude.
她热情地拥抱了他，表达感激之情。
The host welcomed us warmly.
主人热情地欢迎了我们。
The sun shone warmly on the beach.
阳光温暖地洒在海滩上。
[即学即用]
I love the_________(warm) of wool sweaters in winter.
答案：warmth
15.means(名词)手段，方法，工具
[用法讲解] means为单复同形，还可译为"财富".
Eg: The Internet has become an important means of communication.
互联网已经成为一种重要的沟通方式。
He has the means to support his family comfortable.
他有足够的财富让家人过上舒适的生活。
[常见搭配] means of production 生产资料
by means of... 通过...方式，借助...手段
by all means 务必，一定，当然可以
by no means 绝不，一点也不
Eg: The means of production are owned by the workers in this factory.
这家工厂的生产资料归工人所有。
He succeeded by means of hard work.
他通过努力工作取得了成功。
By all means, come and visit us when you are free.
当然可以，你有空的时候一定要来拜访我们。
By no means should you give up easily.
你绝不应该轻易放弃。
[派生词] mean为动词，译为"意味着";
meaning为名词，译为"意义，意思";
meaningful为形容词，译为"有意义的".
Eg: What does this word mean
这个词是什么意思
The meaning of this sentence is no clear.
这个句子的意思不清楚。
We had a meaningful conversation.
我们进行了一次有意义的对话。
[即学即用]
1.We should try all possible _________(mean) to solve this problem.
2.通过努力工作，他实现了成为科学家的梦想。
______________hard l work, he achieved his dream of becoming a scientist.
答案：1.means 2.By means of
16.lucky(形容词)运气好的，幸运的
[用法讲解]lucky在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg:He is a lucky man.
他是个幸运的人。
You are so lucky.
你是如此幸运。
[常见搭配] lucky money 压岁钱
lucky dog 幸运儿
be lucky to do sth.很幸运做某事
Eg: Children often get lucky money on Spring Festival.
孩子们经常在春节收到压岁钱。
He's lucky dog to have such a great job.
他有这么好的工作，真是个幸运儿。
I'm lucky to have such a supportive family.
我很幸运有一个支持我的家庭。
[派生词] luck为名词，译为"运气";
luckily为副词，译为"幸运地";
unlucky为形容词，译为"不幸的";
unluckily为副词，译为"不幸地".
Eg: Good luck to you.
祝你好运。
Luckily, the doctor was able to save the patient's life.
幸运地是，医生能挽救病人的生命。
It's considered unlucky to walk under a ladder.
从梯子下走过被认为是不吉利的。
Unluckily, he didn't pass the exam.
不幸地是，他没通过考试。
[即学即用]
You're so ________ (luck) to have such supportive friends.
答案：lucky
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共41张PPT)
Unit 4 Helping out
八年级
外研版2024
下
单词解析二
1.directly(副词)直接地
[用法讲解]directly还可译为"立即，马上，坦率地".
Eg: Go directly to the manager's office.
直接去经理办公室。
The flight will depart directly after boarding.
登机后飞机将立即起飞。
"Tell me directly what you think," he said.
"有话直说，"他说道。
[常见搭配]directly opposite正对面
Eg: The bank is directly opposite the post office.
银行在邮局正对面。
[派生词] direct为形容词，译为"直接的，直率的";direct还可为动词，译为"指导，导演".
Eg: There is no direct flight form this small city to the capital.
这座小城市没有直飞首都的航班。
She was chosen todirect the school'sannual play.
她被选中指导学校的年度话剧。
[即学即用]
She spoke__________(direct) to the manager.
directly
2.solution(名词)解决，解决方法
[用法讲解]solution为可数名词，其复数形式为solutions，也可译为"溶液，答案"等。
Eg:There is no easy solution to this problem.
这个问题没有简单的解决办法。
A salt solution can be made by dissolving salt in water.
把盐溶解在水中可以制成盐溶液。
The solution to the math problem is on the blackboard.
这道数学题的答案在黑板上。
[常见搭配]solution to+名词/动名词...的解决办法
Eg: The solution to reducing carbon emissions is very important for the environment.
减少碳排放的解决办法对环境非常重要。
[派生词] solve为动词，译为"解决，解答";
solvable为形容词，译为"可解决的，可解答的".
Eg: We need to solve this problem as soon as possible.
我们需要尽快解决这个问题。
This problem is solvable if we work together.
如果我们一起努力，这个问题是可以解决的。
[即学即用]
We need to find a practical_________(解决办法)to this problem.
solution
3.bottle(名词)瓶子
[用法讲解]bottle为可数名词，其复数形式为bottles;bottle也可为量词，表示"一瓶子的量";bottle还可为动词，译为"装瓶，抑制".
Eg: She recycled the glass bottle.
她回收了玻璃瓶。
He drank a whole bottle of water.
他喝了一整瓶水。
The wine is bottled in France.
这款酒在法国装瓶。
Don't bottle up your feelings.
别压抑情绪。
[常见搭配]a bottle of一瓶
glass/ plastic bottle玻璃/塑料瓶
Eg: She bought a bottle of perfume.
他买了一瓶香水。
Recycle plastic bottles to protectthe environment.
回收塑料瓶以保护环境。
[即学即用]
请递给我一瓶水。
Please pass me___________________.
a bottle of water
4.exam(名词)考试
[用法讲解]exam是可数名词，其复数形式为exams;exam是examination的缩写，也可指
医学上的"检查".
Eg: I have a math exam tomorrow.
我明天有数学考试。
The doctor recommended an eye exam.
医生建议做眼部检查。
[常见搭配] pass/ fail an exam通过考试考试不及格
final exam期末考试
physical exam身体检查
Eg: He worked hard and passed the bar exam.
他努力学习并通过了律师资格考试。
The final exam covers all chapters of the textbook.
期末考试涵盖课本所有章节。
The athlete underwent a thorough physical exam.
运动员接受了全面的身体检查。
[即学即用]
After the__________(考试),the teacher discussed the answers with the class.
exam
5.dialogue(名词)对话，对白
[用法讲解] dialogue为可数名词，其复数形式为dialogues，还可译为"台词".
Eg: The dialogue between the teacher and students was lively.
师生之间的对话很活跃。
The play's dialogue is full of humor.
这部剧的台词充满幽默。
[常见搭配]open dialogue公开对话
Eg: We need open dialogue to resolve this conflict.
我们需要公开对话来解决矛盾。
[即学即用]
The book uses__________(对话)to reveal the characters' personalities.
dialogue
6.flu(名词)流行性感冒，流感
[用法讲解] flu为不可数名词。
Eg: She's in bed with the flu.
她患流感卧床休息。
[常见搭配]flu vaccine流感疫苗
flu virus流感病毒
catch/ have a flu患流感
Eg: The flu vaccine is updated every year.
流感疫苗每年更新。
Scientists are tracking a new strain of the flu virus.
科学家正在追踪一种新流感病毒株。
Half the office caught the flu this month.
这个月办公室一半的人都得了流感。
[易混辨析]test,exam与quiz的区别
test通常指小型的，不定期的测验，用于检验特定知识或技能：
exam一般指正式的，大型的考试；
quiz通常指一种简短的，频繁的评估。
Eg: The test results came back positive.
测试结果呈阳性。
Failing one exam is not the end of the world.
一次考试不及格并非世界末日。
The solution to last week's quiz is on page 81.
上星期测验的答案在第81页。
[即学即用]
The f________season usually peaks in January.
lu
7.homeless(形容词)无家可归的
[用法讲解]homeless在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: The homeless man was looking for a warm place to sleep.
这个无家可归的男人正在寻找一个温暖的地方睡觉。
[常见搭配]the homeless无家可归的人
Eg: The government has launched a series of policies to support the homeless.
政府出台了一系列政策来支持无家可归的人。
[派生词]home为名词，译为"家"，也可为副词，译为"在家".
Eg: My home is a small but cozy apartment.
我的家是一个小而温馨的公寓。
I'm at home e over if you have time.
我现在在家。如果有时间就过来。
[即学即用]
There are many_________(home) children in this poor area.
homeless
8.soldier(名词)士兵，军人
[用法讲解]soldier为可数名词，其复数形式为soldiers.
Eg: The soldier marched in the parade.
士兵在游行中列队行进。
[常见搭配]soldier on坚持不懈，继续努力
Eg: Despite setbacks, they soldiered on with the project.
尽管遇到挫折，他们仍坚持推进项目。
[即学即用]
Many_________(士兵)were injured during the war.
soldiers
9.fireman(名词)消防队员
[用法讲解]fireman为可数名词，其复数形式为firemen.
Eg: The fireman rescued the child from the burning building.
消防队员从燃烧的大楼里救出了孩子。
[即学即用]
____________(fireman) often undergo rigorous training to deal with various emergencies.
Firemen
10.against(介词)反对
[用法讲解]against还可译为"依靠".
Eg:He is against the war.
他反对战争。
The chair is against the wall.
椅子靠着墙。
[常见搭配]against the law违法
be against doing sth. 反对做某事
Eg: This is against the law.
这是违法的。
I'm against cutting down the trees.
我反对砍伐树木。
[即学即用]
( )We'll play _______ Class Three.
A.against B.in C.to D.with
A
11.graduate(动词)大学毕业
[常见搭配] graduate作动词，还可译为"授予学位";graduate为名词，译为"毕业生，研究生".
Eg: She will graduate from Harvard next year.
她明年将从哈佛毕业。
The university graduated 500 students this summer.
该大学今年夏季授予500名学生学位。
He is a graduate in computer science.
他是计算机科学专业的毕业生。
Graduate programs are highly competitive.
研究生项目竞争激烈。
[常见搭配]graduate from学校从...毕
graduate with学位/荣誉获得...学位/以...荣誉毕业
Eg: She graduated from Peking University.
她毕业于北京大学。
He graduated with honors.
他以优异成绩毕业。
[派生词]graduation为名词，译为"毕业".
Eg: It was my first job after graduation.
那是我毕业后的第一个工作。
[即学即用]
( )He graduated_____a degree inComputer Science.
A.with B.from C.after D. in
A
12.college(名词)大学，学院
[用法讲解]college为可数名词，其复数形式为colleges.
Eg: The college offers a wide range of courses in different fields.
这所学院提供不同领域的广泛课程。
[常见搭配]go to college上大学
at college读大学
Eg: She decided to go to a local college to study nursing.
她决定去当地的一所学院学习护理专业。
My brother is in his second year at college.
我哥哥在大学读二年级。
[易混辨析]university和college区别：
university通常指一个提供广泛学科领域的高等教育机构，包括本科教育和研究生教育；
college可以指一个独立的高等教育机构，也可指大学中的一个组成部分(即学院)，强调特定领域。
Eg:She teaches at the University of Connecticut.
她任教于康涅狄格大学。
[即学即用]
他们的儿子今年九月就要上大学了。
Their son will_____________in September this year.
go to college
13.goodwill(名词)好意，亲善，友善
[用法讲解] goodwill为不可数名词，也可译为"信誉，商誉".
Eg: She showed goodwill by helping her neighbour.
她通过帮助邻居表达了善意。
The company's goodwill is valued at $ 5 million.
该公司商誉估值500万美元。
[常见搭配]goodwill ambassador亲善大使
goodwill donation慈善捐赠
Eg: The actress serves as a UNICEF goodwill ambassador.
这位女演员担任联合国儿童基金会亲善大使。
Goodwill donations are tax - deductible in some countries.
在一些国家，慈善捐赠可抵税。
[即学即用]
The gesture showed genuine_________(善意)between the two nations.
goodwill
14.warmth(名词)温暖
[用法讲解]warmth为不可数名词，还可译为"热情，友好，暖色调".
Eg: The warmth of the fireplace comforted us.
壁炉的温暖让我们感到舒适。
She greeted us with genuine warmth.
她以真诚的热情迎接我们。
Thepaintingusescolors that suggest warmth.
这幅画采用了暖色调。
[常见搭配]body warmth体温
in the warmth of...在...的温暖氛围中
Eg:Theblanket warmth effectively.
毯子很好地保留了体温。
They chatted in the warmth of the kitchen.
他们在厨房的温暖氛围中聊天。
[派生词] warm为形容词，译为"温暖的，热情的";
warmly为副词，译为"热情地，温暖地".
Eg: She gave him a warm hug, expressing her gratitude.
她热情地拥抱了他，表达感激之情。
The host welcomed us warmly.
主人热情地欢迎了我们。
The sun shone warmly on the beach.
阳光温暖地洒在海滩上。
[即学即用]
I love the_________(warm)of wool sweaters in winter.
warmth
15.means(名词)手段，方法，工具
[用法讲解]means为单复同形，还可译为"财富".
Eg:TheInternet has become an important means of communication.
互联网已经成为一种重要的沟通方式。
He has the means to support his family comfortable.
他有足够的财富让家人过上舒适的生活。
[常见搭配]means of production生产资料
by means of...通过...方式，借助...手段
by all means务必，一定，当然可以
by no means绝不，一点也不
Eg: The means of production are owned by the workers in this factory.
这家工厂的生产资料归工人所有。
He succeeded by means of hard work.
他通过努力工作取得了成功。
By all means, come and visit us when you are free.
当然可以，你有空的时候一定要来拜访我们。
By no means should you give up easily.
你绝不应该轻易放弃。
[派生词] mean为动词，译为"意味着";
meaning为名词，译为"意义，意思";
meaningful为形容词，译为"有意义的".
Eg: What does this word mean
这个词是什么意思
The meaning of this sentence is no clear.
这个句子的意思不清楚。
We had a meaningful conversation.
我们进行了一次有意义的对话。
[即学即用]
1.We should try all possible_________(mean) to solve this problem.
2.通过努力工作，他实现了成为科学家的梦想。
______________hard l work, he achieved his dream of becoming a scientist.
means
By means of
16.lucky(形容词)运气好的，幸运的
[用法讲解]lucky在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg:He is a lucky man.
他是个幸运的人。
You are so lucky.
你是如此幸运。
[常见搭配]lucky money压岁钱
lucky dog幸运儿
be lucky to do sth.很幸运做某事
Eg: Children often get lucky money on Spring Festival.
孩子们经常在春节收到压岁钱。
He's lucky dog to have such a great job.
他有这么好的工作，真是个幸运儿。
I'm lucky to have such a supportive family.
我很幸运有一个支持我的家庭。
[派生词] luck为名词，译为"运气";
luckily为副词，译为"幸运地";
unlucky为形容词，译为"不幸的";
unluckily为副词，译为"不幸地".
Eg: Good luck to you.
祝你好运。
Luckily, the doctor was able to save the patient's life.
幸运地是，医生能挽救病人的生命。
It's considered unlucky to walk under a ladder.
从梯子下走过被认为是不吉利的。
Unluckily, he didn't pass the exam.
不幸地是，他没通过考试。
[即学即用]
You're so ________ (luck) to have such supportive friends.
lucky
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