人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第三册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning About Language（共36张，内嵌视频）

(共36张PPT)
○选择性必修三○
Unit 3
Environmental Protection
Discover Useful Structures
直接引语与间接引语
Objectives
Objectives
Objectives
To learn about the differences between direct speech and indirect speech
O1
To understand the function of direct speech and indirect speech
O2
To learn how to change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech
O3
直接引语
间接引语
1.人称变化
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
2.时态变化
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
直接引语 间接引语
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时（不变）
一般过去时 过去完成时
3.指示代词、状语及方向性动词的变化
4.句式的变化
①陈述句
tell/told
②疑问句（一般、选择、反意、特殊）
③祈使句
转述词：改为相对应的语气动词
Rose said, “I changed my mind.”
Rose said she had changed her mind.
A said, “Jack might be on deck甲板.”
They said Jack might be on deck.
What’s the difference between these two sentences
①Rose said, “I changed my mind.”
②Rose said she had changed her mind.
③People said, “Jack might be on deck.”
④They said Jack might be on deck.
, “ ” →that
I → She
my→her
changed → had changed
人称变化
时态变化
句式变化（连词）
变化
直接引述别人的原话，叫 _________；通常都用________括起来；
直接引语
引号“ ”
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来,叫________；它多数情况下构成一个 ________。
宾语从句
间接引语
一、人称的变化
Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
1．“一随主”
如果直接引语中的主语是_________或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照____________的人称变化。
第一人称
主句中主语
一、人称的变化
Her colleague said to her, “Who did you ask for a leave？”
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.
2．“二随宾”
若直接引语中的主语及宾语是_________或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的___________一致。
第二人称
主句的宾语
一、人称的变化
The workers said, “The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.”
→The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.
3．“第三人称不更新”
如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是__________或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般____________。
第三人称
不需要变化
一、人称的变化
句型转换
（1）“I will come and see you again this evening, Tom.” she said.
→ She told Tom that 　　　　 would go and see 　　　　 again that evening.
（2）He said to me，“You are wrong.”
→ He told me that 　　　　 was wrong.
（3）“Are you a soldier ” he asked.
→ He asked if/whether 　　　　 was a soldier.
（4）He asked，“Where are you going to get off， John ”
→ He asked John where 　　　　 was going to get off.
she
I
him
I
he
小结
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
二、时态的变化
1.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态（如 said, told），间接引语中的时态通常要“倒退一步”。
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时（不变）
一般过去时 过去完成时
二、时态的变化
句型转换
1. She said, "I like apples."→ She said that she ______ apples.
2. He said, "I am reading a book now."→ He said that he ______ ______ a book then.
3. They said, "We will go to the park tomorrow."→ They said that they ______ ______ to the park the next day.
4. Tom said, "I have finished my homework."→ Tom said that he ______ ______ his homework.
liked
was reading
had finished
would go
二、时态的变化
2．直接引语变为间接引语，时态不发生变化的情况：
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时；
The teacher said to them, “The moon is much smaller than the sun.”
→The teacher told them that the moon is much smaller than the sun.
二、时态的变化
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变；
The girl said, “I was born in Beijing in 2008.”
→The girl said that she was born in Beijing in 2008.
(3)直接引语中主句的谓语动词为一般现在时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
He says, “I didn’t go to school today.”
→He says that he didn’t go to school that day.
三、指示代词、状语及方向性动词的变化
引语 直接引语 间接引语
指示 代词 this that
these those
时间 状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
引语 直接引语 间接引语
时间 状语 ago before
three days ago three days before
tomorrow the next/following day
last month/week the month/week before
next month/week the next month/week
the day before yesterday two days before
地点状语 here there
方向性动词 come go
bring take
三、指示代词、状语及方向性动词的变化
He said, "I saw this movie yesterday.“
→ He said that he had seen ______ movie ______.
2. She said to me, "I will finish it today.“
→ She told me that she would finish it ______.
3. They said, "We are leaving now.“
→ They said that they were leaving ______.
4. He said, "I bought these books two days ago.“
→ He said that he had bought ______ books ______.
5. She said, "I can do it tomorrow.“
→ She said that she ______ do it ______.
that
that day
those
then
the next day
two days before
the day before
could
四、句式的变化
1．直接引语是陈述句
She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.”
→She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.
句式 连接词 语序 原引述动词 改引述动词
陈述句
that（可省略）
陈述
say to/said to
tell/told
四、句式的变化
2．直接引语是疑问句
Mother said to her daughter, “Are you satisfied with your new room？”
→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.
句式 连接词 语序 原引述动词 改引述动词
一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句
whether(…or…或…or not)或if引导
陈述
say/said
ask/asked
四、句式的变化
2．直接引语是疑问句
“When will the sports meet be held？” he said.
→He asked when the sports meet would be held.
句式 连接词 语序 原引述动词 改引述动词
特殊疑问句
原句中的特殊疑问词
陈述
say/said
ask/asked
四、句式的变化
3．直接引语是祈使句
“Follow his instructions，” she said to me.
→She told me to follow his instructions.
句式 连接词 语序 原引述动词 改引述动词
祈使句 要求和命令
无连接词
不变
ask/tell/order sb to do sth
四、句式的变化
3．直接引语是祈使句
Jack said, “Let’s go to the cinema tonight.”
→Jack suggested that we (should) go to the cinema that night.
→Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.
句式 连接词 语序 原引述动词 改引述动词
祈使句 建议、提议
无连接词
不变
suggest＋doing/that从句、offer to do和ask/advise/want sb＋to do
四、句式的变化
3．直接引语是祈使句
My daughter said to me, “Please don’t leave me alone at home.”
→My daughter begged me not to leave her alone at home.
句式 连接词 语序 原引述动词 改引述动词
祈使句 请求
无连接词
不变
ask，beg
四、句式的变化
3．直接引语是祈使句
Tom said to me, “Don’t forget to buy that book.”
→Tom reminded me not to forget to buy that book.
句式 连接词 语序 原引述动词 改引述动词
祈使句 警告或提醒
无连接词
不变
warn，remind
如果直接引语中祈使句是否定形式，变间接引语时，不定式符号to前要加not或never。
She said, “Don’t make so much noise，children！”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
四、句式的变化
句式 连接词 语序 原引述动词 改引述动词
陈述句
that（可省略）
陈述
say to/said to
tell/told
句式 连接词 语序 原引述动词 改引述动词
一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句
whether(…or…或…or not)或if引导
陈述
say/said
ask/asked
句式 连接词 语序 原引述动词 改引述动词
特殊疑问句
原句中的特殊疑问词
陈述
say/said
ask/asked
四、句式的变化
祈使句 连接词 语序 改转述词
要求和命令 无 不变 ask/tell/order sb to do sth
建议、提议 suggest＋doing/that从句、offer to do和ask/advise/want sb＋to do
请求 ask，beg
警告或提醒 warn，remind
否定 not/never + to
直接引语
间接引语
1.人称变化
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
2.时态变化
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
直接引语 间接引语
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时（不变）
一般过去时 过去完成时
3.指示代词、状语及方向性动词的变化
4.句式的变化
①陈述句
tell/told
②疑问句（一般、选择、反意、特殊）
③祈使句
转述词：改为相对应的语气动词
1．Cathy always says, “I’ll do it better next time.”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
1．Cathy always says that she’ll do it better the next time.
2．Sarah asked me, “What were you doing from nine to eleven this morning？”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
2．Sarah asked me what I was doing from nine to eleven that morning.
3．I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight？”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
3．I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
4．The teacher said to the boy, “Open the door, please！”
→________________________________________________
5．He said, “She will come here to have a long holiday.”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
4．The teacher told the boy to open the door.
5．He said that she would go there to have a long holiday.
6．She said to me, “You play basketball better than me.”
→________________________________________________
7．“I bought this pair of shoes for my father，” Kate said.
→________________________________________________
【答案】
6．She told me that I played basketball better than her.
7．Kate said she had bought that pair of shoes for her father.
8．My father said, “I hope you will grow up to be President.”
→________________________________________________
9．He said, “I saw the film yesterday.”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
8．My father said that he hoped I would grow up to be President.
9．He said that he had seen the film the day before.
10．She said, “I have seen the film.It is good.”
→________________________________________________
11．He asked, “Is it raining？”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
10．She said that she had seen the film, and that it was good.
11．He asked if it was raining.
12．He said, “I will give my students a few holidays at the end of this month.”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
12．He said that he would give his students a few holidays at the end of that month.
13．“Light travels much faster than sound，” my father said to me.
→________________________________________________
14．“When do you come here？” she asked.
→________________________________________________
【答案】
13．My father told me that light travels much faster than sound.
14．She asked me when I went there.
15．Henry said, “I haven’t seen her today.”
→________________________________________________
16．Shelly said, “I arrived two days ago.”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
15．Henry said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
16．Shelly said that she had arrived two days before.