/ 让教学更有效 英语学科
Unit 4 Helping out 课文解析一
1.A kindness is never wasted. 善意从不会被浪费。
[用法讲解] waste为动词，译为"浪费，挥霍，滥用";waste还可为名词，译为"浪费".
Eg: Please throw the waste in the recycling bin.
请把废物扔进回收箱。
I wasted my time on that project.
我在哪个项目上浪费了时间。
[常见搭配] waste time/money on sb./ sth. 在某人/某物上浪费时间/金钱
waste time/money(in) doing sth. 浪费时间/金钱做某事金钱做某事
a waste of time 浪费时间
Eg: She wasted a lot of money on clothes.
她在衣服上浪费了很多钱。
Tom never wastes too much time playing computer games.
汤姆从不在玩电脑游戏上浪费太多时间。
It's a waste of time talking to him.
和他谈话事浪费时间。
[即学即用]
They wasted a whole day________(try) to fix the computer.
答案：trying
2.adding some colour 添一些色彩
[用法讲解] add作动词，也可译为"加法，添加，加，补充";add也可作名词，译为"添加物".
Eg: Add tomato paste, salt and pepper to taste.
酌量添加番茄酱，盐和胡椒粉。
Please add 5 and 8 to get the sum.
请将5和8相加，得到总和。
[常见搭配] add up 总计，加起来
add to 增加
add on 附加
add sth.to sth.把...加入
Eg: Can you add up the expenses for this month
你能把这个月的开支加起来吗
The rain only added to the difficulties of the journey.
雨只会增加旅程的困难。
We decided to add on an extra day to our vacation.
我们决定在度假期间在增加一天。
Add sugar to coffee.
把糖加入咖啡里。
[派生词] addition为名词，译为"增加，加法";
additional为形容词，译为"附加的，额外的".
Eg:In addition to the main course, we served additional desserts.
除了主菜，我们还提供了额外的甜点。
[即学即用]
( )-- Wow, that's a nice collection of stamps.
-- Yes, but I still need a few to______ the collection to make it perfect.
A.add to B.add up C. add up to D.add
答案：A
3.I'm afraid you'll have to draw a grey butterfly. 恐怕你得画一只灰色的蝴蝶了。
[用法讲解] afraid为形容词，译为"担心的，害怕的".
Eg: There's nothing to be afraid of.
没有什么可害怕的。
[常见搭配] be afraid of sth./ sb. 对某人/某事感到害怕
be afraid to do sth. 因害怕而不敢做某事
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
be afraid that 从句 害怕...
be afraid for sb./ sth.为某人/某事感到担心
Eg: I'm afraid of spiders.
我害怕蜘蛛。
I am afraid to go alone in the dark.
我害怕在黑暗中独自一人。
She is afraid of speaking in public.
她害怕在公众场合讲话。
She is afraid that she will fail the exam.
她担心她会考试不及格。
I am afraid for her safety.
我担心她的安全。
[即学即用]
She is afraid________(go) out at night.
答案：to go
4.The hospital provided colouring books for young patients.
医院为小患者提供涂色本。
[用法讲解] provide译为"供应(信息，服务等)，提供".
Eg: The company provides health insurance for its employees.
公司为员工提供健康保险。
[常见搭配] provide sth.for sb.= provide sb. with sth. ;为某人提供某物
provide against... 为防备...而提供/准备
provide for ... 抚养，供养，为...做准备
Eg: The school provides textbooks for all students.
学校为所有学生提供课本。
The company provides its employees with health insurance.
公司为其员工提供医疗保险。
We need to provide against the possibility of power outages.
我们需要为可能发生的停电做好准备。
He works hard to provide for his family.
他努力工作以供养他的家人。
The will provides for the distribution of his estate.
遗嘱规定了他的财产分配。
[易混辨析] supply,provide与offer区别：
supply侧重于提供日常必需品，物资，资源等，常涉及大量，持续的供给，常与with/to连用；
provide所提供的物品或服务较为泛指，不强调主动或意愿；
offer强调主动"提出，给予"帮助，机会，建议等，带有主观意愿。
Eg: The company supplies water to the whole city.
这家公司为整座城市供水。
The hotel provides guests with free breakfast.
酒店为客人提供免费早餐。
He offered me a cup of tea.
他主动给我倒了杯茶。
[即学即用]
1.政府应该为小企业提供更多的支持。
The government should________more support________small businesses.
( )2. The government has done a lot to__the homeless help.
A.offer B provide C.supply D.consider
答案：1.provide for 2.A
5.Leah was born with a serious disease, she made many hospital visits.
利亚天生患有严重疾病，经常住院。
[用法讲解] born是动词bear的过去分词形式，译为"出生";born也可为形容词，译为"天生(有某方面才能)的".
[常见搭配] be born in+年份/月份/地点
be born on+具体日期
be born at+具体时间
be born+to/into+家庭/身份 表达家庭背景或身份
be born with... 天生具有
be born to do sth. 天生适合做某事
be born of... 源于...
Eg: She was born in 1995.
她出生于1995年。
She was born in Beijing.
她出生于北京。
She was born on May 1 st.
她出生于五月一日。
She was born at 3 am.
她凌晨3点出生。
He was born into a wealthy family.
她出身富裕家庭。
He was born with a talent for music.
他天生具有音乐天赋。
She was born to be a leader.
她天生是当领导的料。
The project was born of necessity.
这个项目源于需求。
[即学即用]
她出生在中国的一个小村庄里。
She____________a small village in China.
答案：was born in
6.A lot of the time she's in great pain.很多时候她都承受着剧痛，很多时候她都承受着剧痛。
[用法讲解] pain泛指"疼痛"时为不可数名词； pain特指"身体部位的疼痛"或"pain"前有形容词修饰时为可数名词，pain也可引申为"劳苦，辛劳";pain还可为动词，译为"使疼痛".
Eg:He suffered great pain after the accident.
事故后他遭受了巨大痛苦。
He has a pain in his knee.
他膝盖疼。
Her words pained him deeply.
她得话使他深感痛苦。
[常见搭配] No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。
have a pain in 身体部位 身体某部位疼
in pain 处于痛苦中
take pains to do sth. 尽力做某事
spare no pains to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
Eg: He has a sharp pain in his stomach.
他肚子疼得厉害。
The injured man was lying in pain on the ground.
受伤的男子痛苦地躺在地上。
She took pains to make the party a success.
她煞费苦心使聚会取得成功。
The teacher spared no pains to help the students improve their grades.
老师不遗余力地帮助学生提高成绩。
[派生词] painful为形容词，译为"疼痛的，痛苦的".
Eg: The painful memory still haunts him.
那段痛苦的记忆仍然萦绕在他心头。
[易混辨析] pain与ache区别：
pain使用范围较广，可指身体各部位的剧烈疼痛，也可指精神上的疼痛；
ache通常指持续的，隐隐的疼痛，多用于身体部位。
Eg: I have a pain in my stomach.
我肚子疼。
I have a bad headache.
我头痛得厉害。
[即学即用]
She has a constant p_______in her knee.
答案：pain
7.There must be something for me to do.我一定能做点什么。
[用法讲解]此句是一个含情态动词的被动语态结构的简单句，主语是they，谓语是must be thrown away.
含情态动词的被动语态结构为"情态动词+be+动词的过去分词"；用来表示必要性，义务，可能性，许可，建议或请求。
Eg: The letter must be sent today.
这封信必须今天寄出。
This job can be finished in an hour.
这项工作一小时内可以完成。
[即学即用]
The problem could___________(solve) with more time.
答案：be solved
8.Because of her illness, she couldn't do chores for money, either.
由于生病，她也无法通过做家务赚钱。
[用法讲解] chore为可数名词，译为"日常琐事，家务"，其复数形式为chores.
Eg: Taking out the trash is one of my daily chores.
倒垃圾是我的日常家务之一。
[常见搭配] do chores 做家务
Eg: I usually do chores like sweeping the floor and taking out the trash on weekends.
我通常在周末做扫地，倒垃圾等家务。
[易混辨析] because和because of区别
because of是一个短语，用来引导名词或名词短语：
because是一个连词，用来引导句子。
Eg: He couldn't attend the meeting because of the traffic.
他无法参加会议，因为交通堵塞。
She stayed at home because she was feeling sick.
她待在家里，因为她感到不舒服。
[即学即用]
1.我和父母轮流做家务以保持家里整洁。
My parents and I take turns_______________ to keep the house clean.
( )2. Sorry! I am late_______ the traffic.
A.so B.but C.because D. because of
答案：1.doing chores 2.D
9.With the help of her family and friends, she held many activities to raise money.
在家人和朋友的帮助下，她举办了许多活动来筹钱。
[用法讲解] raise作动词时，也可译为"举起，筹集，提高，抚养，提出"等意。
Eg: Please raise your glass and toast to our success.
请举杯为我们的成功干杯。
She was raised in a small town in the countryside.
她在乡下一个小镇长大。
He raised an important issue during the meeting.
他在会议上提出了一个重要问题。
[常见搭配] raise one's hand 举手
raise money 筹集资金
Eg: We are trying to raise money for the animals in danger.
我们正在为濒危动物筹集资金。
Please raise your hand if you have any questions.
如果你有任何问题请举手。
[易混辨析]rise,arise与raise区别：
rise(动词)"上升"表示由低到高的变化过程，强调主语自身移向较高位置。
arise(动词)"起身"主语发出的动作，作用到其它事物。
raise(动词)"举起"表示把具体事物举到高处。
Eg:The sun rises.
太阳升起来了。
He arises to greet her.
他起身向她问候。
He raises his hand to answer questions.
他举手回答问题。
help在此处为名词，译为"帮助";help也可为动词，译为"帮助".
[常见搭配] help sb. (to) do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
with the help of ... 在...的帮助下
Eg: Please help me (to) learn English. = Please help me with my English.
请帮我学英语。
I improve my English with the help of my English teacher.
在我英语老师的帮助下提高了我的英语。
[即学即用]
( )1. Last year the advertising rate_______by20 percent.
A.raised B.rose C.arose D.went down
2.在朋友们的帮助下，我把那件家具搬到新公寓里。
_______________a friend, I moved the furniture to the new apartment.
答案：1.B 2. With the help of
10.Here is a bottle of water for you. 这是给你的一瓶水。
[用法讲解] 这是一个倒装句。真正的句子顺序是A bottle of water is here for you。句子的主语是a bottle of water，系动词是is,for you是介词短语作状语，here作为地点状语。
Eg:Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
注意：1.Here is/are译为"这里有...；这里是..."用于介绍或引入话题；
2.以here或there开头的句子，当主语是名词时，主谓顺序互换，视为全部倒装。当主语是代词时，则要用"Here/There+代词+谓语。"结构。
3.here is/ are...为倒装句，该句型的主语是后面的名词，所以be动词用is还是are，要和主语保持一致。
Eg: Here are some apples for the kids.
这些是给孩子们的苹果。 (全部倒装)
Here they are.
他们在这儿。(部分倒装)
[即学即用]
这是你的信。
____________________________
答案：Here is your letter.
11.You can return it after the exam. 你可以考完试后还我。
[用法讲解] return在此处为动词，译为"返回，归还";return还可为为名词，还可译为"恢复，回来，归还".
Eg: He will return home tomorrow.
我明天会回家。
The patient is slowly returning to health.
病人正在逐渐恢复健康。
The return of the investment was very high.
这项投资的回报率很高。
[常见搭配] return sth.to sb./ sth. 把某物归还给某人/某处
return to+地点=go back to地点 回到某地
in return 作为回报(强调一种行为或态度的回应)
in return for...作为对...的回报(强调一种明确的，具体的交换关系)
Eg: I returned the book to the library.
我把书还给了图书馆。
They will return to the office after the meeting.
会议结束后，他们会返回办公室。
She helped me move, and I cooked dinner in return.
她帮我搬东西，作为回报我做晚饭。
He gave me a gift in return for my help.
他给了我一份礼物以报答我的帮助。
[即学即用]
( )I don't know when we will Beijing.
A.return back B. return to
C. return back to D.return
答案：B
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Unit 4 Helping out
八年级
外研版2024
下
课文解析一
1.A kindness is never wasted.善意从不会被浪费。
[用法讲解]waste为动词，译为"浪费，挥霍，滥用";waste还可为名词，译为"浪费".
Eg: Please throw the waste in the recycling bin.
请把废物扔进回收箱。
I wasted my time on that project.
我在哪个项目上浪费了时间。
[常见搭配]waste time/money on sb./ sth.在某人/某物上浪费时间/金钱
waste time/money(in) doing sth. 浪费时间/金钱做某事金钱做某事
a waste of time浪费时间
Eg: She wasted a lot of money on clothes.
她在衣服上浪费了很多钱。
Tomnever wastes too much time playing computer games.
汤姆从不在玩电脑游戏上浪费太多时间。
It's a waste of time talking to him.
和他谈话事浪费时间。
[即学即用]
They wasted a whole day________(try) to fix the computer.
trying
2.adding some colour添一些色彩
[用法讲解] add作动词，也可译为"加法，添加，加，补充";add也可作名词，译为"添加物".
Eg: Add tomato paste, salt and pepper to taste.
酌量添加番茄酱，盐和胡椒粉。
Please add 5 and 8 to get the sum.
请将5和8相加，得到总和。
[常见搭配]add up总计，加起来
add to增加
add on附加
add sth.to sth.把...加入
Eg: Can you add up the expenses for this month
你能把这个月的开支加起来吗
The rain only added to the difficulties of the journey.
雨只会增加旅程的困难。
We decided to add on an extra day to our vacation.
我们决定在度假期间在增加一天。
Add sugar to coffee.
把糖加入咖啡里。
[派生词]addition为名词，译为"增加，加法";
additional为形容词，译为"附加的，额外的".
Eg:In addition to the main course, we served additional desserts.
除了主菜，我们还提供了额外的甜点。
[即学即用]
（ ）-- Wow, that's a nice collection of stamps.
-- Yes, but I still need a few to______ the collection to make it perfect.
A.add to B.add up C. add up to D.add
A
3.I'm afraid you'll have to draw a grey butterfly. 恐怕你得画一只灰色的蝴蝶了。
[用法讲解] afraid为形容词，译为"担心的，害怕的".
Eg: There's nothing to be afraid of.
没有什么可害怕的。
[常见搭配]be afraid of sth./ sb.对某人/某事感到害怕
be afraid to do sth.因害怕而不敢做某事
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
be afraid that 从句害怕...
be afraid for sb./ sth.为某人/某事感到担心
Eg: I'm afraid of spiders.
我害怕蜘蛛。
I am afraid to go alone in the dark.
我害怕在黑暗中独自一人。
She is afraid of speaking in public.
她害怕在公众场合讲话。
She is afraid that she will fail the exam.
她担心她会考试不及格。
I am afraid for her safety.
我担心她的安全。
[即学即用]
She is afraid________(go) out at night.
to go
4.The hospital provided colouring books for young patients.
医院为小患者提供涂色本。
[用法讲解]provide译为"供应(信息，服务等)，提供".
Eg: The company provides health insurance for its employees.
公司为员工提供健康保险。
[常见搭配] provide sth.for sb.= provide sb. with sth. ;为某人提供某物
provide against...为防备...而提供/准备
provide for ...抚养，供养，为...做准备
Eg: The school provides textbooks for all students.
学校为所有学生提供课本。
Thecompanyprovidesits employees with health insurance.
公司为其员工提供医疗保险。
We need to provide against the possibility of power outages.
我们需要为可能发生的停电做好准备。
He works hard to provide for his family.
他努力工作以供养他的家人。
The will provides for the distribution of his estate.
遗嘱规定了他的财产分配。
[易混辨析]supply,provide与offer区别：
supply侧重于提供日常必需品，物资，资源等，常涉及大量，持续的供给，常与with/to连用；
provide所提供的物品或服务较为泛指，不强调主动或意愿；
offer强调主动"提出，给予"帮助，机会，建议等，带有主观意愿。
Eg: The company supplies water to the whole city.
这家公司为整座城市供水。
The hotel provides guests with free breakfast.
酒店为客人提供免费早餐。
He offered me a cup of tea.
他主动给我倒了杯茶。
[即学即用]
1.政府应该为小企业提供更多的支持。
The government should________more support________small businesses.
( )2. The government has done a lot to__the homeless help.
A.offerB provideC.supply D.consider
provide for
A
5.Leah was born with a serious disease, she made many hospital visits.
利亚天生患有严重疾病，经常住院。
[用法讲解] born是动词bear的过去分词形式，译为"出生";born也可为形容词，译为"天生(有某方面才能)的".
[常见搭配] be born in+年份/月份/地点
be born on+具体日期
be born at+具体时间
be born+to/into+家庭/身份表达家庭背景或身份
be born with...天生具有
be born to do sth.天生适合做某事
be born of...源于...
Eg: She was born in 1995.
她出生于1995年。
She was born in Beijing.
她出生于北京。
She was born on May 1st.
她出生于五月一日。
She was born at 3 am.
她凌晨3点出生。
He was born into a wealthy family.
她出身富裕家庭。
He was born with a talent for music.
他天生具有音乐天赋。
She was born to be a leader.
她天生是当领导的料。
The project was born of necessity.
这个项目源于需求。
[即学即用]
她出生在中国的一个小村庄里。
She____________a small village in China.
was born in
6.A lot of the time she's in great pain.很多时候她都承受着剧痛，很多时候她都承受着剧痛。
[用法讲解] pain泛指"疼痛"时为不可数名词；pain特指"身体部位的疼痛"或"pain"前有形容词修饰时为可数名词，pain也可引申为"劳苦，辛劳";pain还可为动词，译为"使疼痛".
Eg:He suffered great pain after the accident.
事故后他遭受了巨大痛苦。
He has a pain in his knee.
他膝盖疼。
Her words pained him deeply.
她得话使他深感痛苦。
[常见搭配] No pains, no gains.不劳无获。
have a pain in 身体部位身体某部位疼
in pain处于痛苦中
take pains to do sth.尽力做某事
spare no pains to do sth.不遗余力做某事
Eg: He has a sharp pain in his stomach.
他肚子疼得厉害。
The injured man was lying in pain on the ground.
受伤的男子痛苦地躺在地上。
She took pains to make the party a success.
她煞费苦心使聚会取得成功。
The teacher spared no pains to help the students improve their grades.
老师不遗余力地帮助学生提高成绩。
[派生词] painful为形容词，译为"疼痛的，痛苦的".
Eg: The painful memory still haunts him.
那段痛苦的记忆仍然萦绕在他心头。
[易混辨析] pain与ache区别：
pain使用范围较广，可指身体各部位的剧烈疼痛，也可指精神上的疼痛；
ache通常指持续的，隐隐的疼痛，多用于身体部位。
Eg: I have a pain in my stomach.
我肚子疼。
I have a bad headache.
我头痛得厉害。
[即学即用]
She has a constant p_______in her knee.
ain
7.There must be something for me to do.我一定能做点什么。
[用法讲解]此句是一个含情态动词的被动语态结构的简单句，主语是they，谓语是must be thrown away.
含情态动词的被动语态结构为"情态动词+be+动词的过去分词"；用来表示必要性，义务，可能性，许可，建议或请求。
Eg: The letter must be sent today.
这封信必须今天寄出。
This job can be finished in an hour.
这项工作一小时内可以完成。
[即学即用]
The problem could___________(solve) with more time.
be solved
8.Because of her illness, she couldn't do chores for money, either.
由于生病，她也无法通过做家务赚钱。
[用法讲解] chore为可数名词，译为"日常琐事，家务"，其复数形式为chores.
Eg: Taking out the trash is one of my daily chores.
倒垃圾是我的日常家务之一。
[常见搭配]do chores做家务
Eg: I usually do chores like sweeping the floor and taking out the trash on weekends.
我通常在周末做扫地，倒垃圾等家务。
[易混辨析] because和because of区别
because of是一个短语，用来引导名词或名词短语：
because是一个连词，用来引导句子。
Eg: He couldn't attend the meeting because of the traffic.
他无法参加会议，因为交通堵塞。
She stayed at home because she was feeling sick.
她待在家里，因为她感到不舒服。
[即学即用]
1.我和父母轮流做家务以保持家里整洁。
My parents and I take turns_______________ to keep the house clean.
( )2. Sorry! I am late_______ the traffic.
A.so B.but C.because D. because of
doing chores
D
9.With the help of her family and friends, she held many activities to raise money.
在家人和朋友的帮助下，她举办了许多活动来筹钱。
[用法讲解] raise作动词时，也可译为"举起，筹集，提高，抚养，提出"等意。
Eg: Please raise your glass and toast to our success.
请举杯为我们的成功干杯。
She was raised in a small town in the countryside.
她在乡下一个小镇长大。
He raised an important issue during the meeting.
他在会议上提出了一个重要问题。
[常见搭配]raise one's hand举手
raise money筹集资金
Eg: We are trying to raise money for the animals in danger.
我们正在为濒危动物筹集资金。
Please raise your hand if you have any questions.
如果你有任何问题请举手。
[易混辨析]rise,arise与raise区别：
rise(动词)"上升"表示由低到高的变化过程，强调主语自身移向较高位置。
arise(动词)"起身"主语发出的动作，作用到其它事物。
raise(动词)"举起"表示把具体事物举到高处。
Eg:The sun rises.
太阳升起来了。
He arises to greet her.
他起身向她问候。
He raises his hand to answer questions.
他举手回答问题。
help在此处为名词，译为"帮助";help也可为动词，译为"帮助".
[常见搭配] help sb. (to) do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
with the help of ...在...的帮助下
Eg: Please help me (to) learn English. = Please help me with my English.
请帮我学英语。
I improve my English with the help of my English teacher.
在我英语老师的帮助下提高了我的英语。
[即学即用]
( )1. Last year the advertising rate_______by20 percent.
A.raised B.rose C.aroseD.went down
2.在朋友们的帮助下，我把那件家具搬到新公寓里。
_______________a friend, Imoved the furniture to the new apartment.
B
With the help of
10.Here is a bottle of water for you.这是给你的一瓶水。
[用法讲解] 这是一个倒装句。真正的句子顺序是A bottle of water is here for you。句子的主语是a bottle of water，系动词是is,for you是介词短语作状语，here作为地点状语。
Eg:Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
注意：1.Here is/are译为"这里有...；这里是..."用于介绍或引入话题；
2.以here或there开头的句子，当主语是名词时，主谓顺序互换，视为全部倒装。当主语是代词时，则要用"Here/There+代词+谓语。"结构。
3.here is/ are...为倒装句，该句型的主语是后面的名词，所以be动词用is还是are，要和主语保持一致。
Eg: Here are some apples for the kids.
这些是给孩子们的苹果。(全部倒装)
Here they are.
他们在这儿。(部分倒装)
[即学即用]这是你的信。
____________________________
Here is your letter.
11.You can return it after the exam.你可以考完试后还我。
[用法讲解]return在此处为动词，译为"返回，归还";return还可为为名词，还可译为"恢复，回来，归还".
Eg: He will return home tomorrow.
我明天会回家。
The patient is slowly returning to health.
病人正在逐渐恢复健康。
The return of the investment was very high.
这项投资的回报率很高。
[常见搭配]return sth.to sb./ sth.把某物归还给某人/某处
return to+地点=go back to地点回到某地
in return作为回报(强调一种行为或态度的回应)
in return for...作为对...的回报(强调一种明确的，具体的交换关系)
Eg: I returned the book to the library.
我把书还给了图书馆。
They will return to the office after the meeting.
会议结束后，他们会返回办公室。
She helped me move, and I cooked dinner in return.
她帮我搬东西，作为回报我做晚饭。
He gave me a gift in return for my help.
他给了我一份礼物以报答我的帮助。
[即学即用]
( )I don't know when we will Beijing.
A.return back B. return to
C. return back to D.return
B
Thanks!
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