(共46张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing
词汇认知
重点单词
1. n.一连串 (人或事);链子;链条
2. n.咖啡馆;小餐馆
3.pregnant adj.
4. vt.装扮;假扮;掩盖 n.伪装;化装用具
5.maple n.
chain
café
怀孕的;妊娠的
disguise
枫树;槭树
6.cart n.
7. vt.& vi.(使) 洒出; (使) 溢出
8.limp vi.
9. n.眼泪;泪水
10. n.绝望 vi. 绝望;感到无望
11. n.寓言;寓言故事
手推车;运货马车
spill
跛行;一瘸一拐地走
tear
despair
fable
词汇拓展
1.waitress n.(餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者
→ vi.&vt.等待
→ n.服务员;侍者
2.harm n.& vt.伤害;损害
→ adj.有害的;导致损害的
→ adj.无害的;无恶意的
3.might n.力量;威力→ adj.强而有力的
wait
waiter
harmful
harmless
mighty
重点短语
1.trip 被……绊倒
2.in 流着泪;含着泪
3.in 处于绝望中
4.a great (of)大量
5.crash 撞到……上
6.pick oneself 起身;站起来
7.make an to do试图做……
over
tears
despair
deal
into
up
attempt
8.end doing以……结束
9.with all one’s 用尽全力
10.belong 属于
11.step step一步一步地
12.once a time从前
up
might
to
by
upon
词汇精讲
1.【教材原文】Early one morning,the king disguised himself and went to a local village.(page 20)
一天清晨,国王乔装打扮一番后,来到了当地的一座村庄。
考点disguise vt.装扮;假扮;掩盖 n.伪装;化装用具
disguise oneself as... 把某人装扮成……
disguise...with...用……来掩饰……
in disguise 伪装;乔装
语境领悟
(1)She disguised herself as a man,but she couldn’t disguise her voice.
她假扮成男人,但掩盖不了她的声音。
(2)She disguised the spots on her face with make-up.
她用化妆品盖住了脸上的斑点。
(3)We should watch out for those friends in disguise.
我们应当提防那些伪装的朋友。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)She disguised herself a boy in order to enter the room easily.
(2)The doctor passing by was really a police officer _______
disguise.
(3)The woman disguised her failure a smile.
as
in
with
2.【教材原文】One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.(page 20)
其中一个女人被石头绊倒,水罐也摔到地上。
考点trip over 被……绊倒
trip n.(尤指短程往返的)旅行
on a trip在旅途中
business trip 公务旅行,出差;商务旅行
round trip 往返旅行;环程旅行
go on/take/make a trip 旅游;去旅行
trip v.绊倒;(使)跌倒
trip on 在……上绊倒
trip up 绊倒
语境领悟
(1)They planned to make a wedding trip to Paris.
他们计划到巴黎进行结婚旅行。
(2)He is thinking about going on a trip to Africa.
他正考虑去非洲旅行。
(3)Mind you don’t trip over these roots;they’re difficult to see under all these leaves.
小心别被这些树根绊倒,它们被盖在树叶下面不易看到。
(4)Be careful you don’t trip up on the step.
你小心别在台阶上绊倒了。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)突然她被一块岩石绊倒了。
Suddenly she a rock.
(2)我经过时,他伸出腿来想把我绊倒。
As I passed,he stuck out a leg and tried to .
tripped over
trip me up
3.【教材原文】Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm (page 20)
难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗
考点harm n.& vt.伤害;损害
do harm to sb=do sb harm 伤害某人;对人有害
There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有坏处。
harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的
易混辨析 injure、wound、hurt与harm
injure “损害;受伤”,指由于意外或事故而受伤,着重指容貌、机能的损坏。
wound 指外伤,如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤,尤指在战斗中受伤。
hurt 意为“疼痛;痛苦;伤心”,指肉体上,也可指精神上的伤害。
harm 指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。常用短语do harm to,意为“对……有害”。
语境领悟
(1)Some drivers’ behaviour harms the safety of others and themselves.
一些驾驶员的行为危害他人和他们自己的安全。
(2)The polluted water does harm to people as well as other living things.被污染了的水对人和其他生物造成危害。
(3)There is no harm in letting them do it themselves,since real knowledge comes from practice.
不妨让他们自己做一做,因为实践出真知。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)There is no harm in (write) down your name on the form.
(2)Too much drinking is harmful the health.
(3)Excessive drinking did harm his health.
writing
to
to
句型剖析
【教材原文】Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.(page 20)
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
句法分析
neither...nor...既不……,也不……,连接句中两个相同成分。
neither...nor...如果连接两个主语,谓语动词采取就近一致原则。如果连接句子,需要用部分倒装。
使用就近原则的还有:
either...or...或者……或者……
not only...but also...不仅……而且……
...or...……或者……
not...but...不是……而是……
语境领悟
(1)Neither the subject nor the materials of this lecture are of my own choice.
这次演讲的主题与材料都不是我自己选择的。
(2)Neither the students nor the teacher has arrived on time due to the heavy rain.
由于大雨,学生和老师都没有准时到达。
(3)Not you but the scientist is to attend the ceremony to be held in our school.
不是你而是这个科学家将出席我校举行的典礼。
(4)Neither do I want to know it,nor do I care about it.
我既不想知道,也不关心。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Neither my parents nor my sister (like) swimming.
(2)I neither knew nor (care) what had happened to him.
(3)Not only Lucy but also her teachers (be) going to take part in the boat race.
likes
cared
are
读后续写
典题示例
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
There was once a wonderful old man who loved everything: animals,spiders,insects and all sorts of living things.
One day while walking through the woods,the old man found a cocoon(茧).He decided to take the cocoon home to watch its beautiful transformation from a little cocoon to a beautiful butterfly.
A few days later,the cocoon started to move.It moved frantically!He sat and watched it struggle and struggle for several hours.But it seemed not to make any progress.Then the old man felt sorry for the little butterfly inside,and rushed to its aid.With a pair of scissors and gently,he cut a little opening in the cocoon so the butterfly could come out. And then the butterfly came out of its cocoon.It had a swollen body and small,fragile wings,but it was never able to fly.
He was quite puzzled.Had he accidentally killed the little butterfly No,it was still moving a little bit.Maybe it was sick. Then he decided that the best thing he could do for the butterfly was to place it gently back into its cocoon.He did so, and placed a drop of honey on it to seal the cocoon,leaving the butterfly to nestle (筑巢) in its natural state.
The next day he noticed that the cocoon was moving again. It struggled and struggled.Finally the butterfly broke free from its cocoon and stretched its wings out.Its beautiful wings were filled with wonderful colours!It took off!It was flying!
The wonderful butterfly flew and flew till it was almost out of the old man’s sight.What a joy,he exclaimed!But then he started to think: what did I do wrong by trying to help that beautiful little butterfly out at first
Finally the answer came out.___________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life.___
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
写作指导
本篇书面表达是读后续写,要求根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段。
第1步:根据提示可知,本文要求阅读所给材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文,续写词数应为150左右,时态应为一般过去时。
第2步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组),如 kindness(善良)、haste(草率)、restricting(限制的)、struggle(努力)、spread(传播)、require(需要)、obstacle(障碍)、difficulty(困难)、flight(飞行)、freedom(自由)、cripple(使变残)及challenge(挑战)等。
第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰,保持卷面的整洁美观。
高分范文
Finally the answer came out.What the man in his kindness and haste did not understand was that the restricting cocoon and the struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening were Nature’s way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon.
Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life.If we were allowed to go through our life without any obstacles and difficulties,it would cripple us.We would not be as strong as what we could have been.In fact,it is necessary to live with some difficulties.And it is these obstacles and difficulties that make us strong and get prepared for the greater challenges in our life.
名师点评
范文语言地道,语篇连贯,词数适当;上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式。
高级词汇有get through(通过,熬过)、go through(通过)、be allowed to do (被允许做)、be ready for(为……做好准备)、get prepared for(为……做准备)以及in fact(事实上),而且还使用了主语从句、表语从句、状语从句、宾语从句、形式主语和强调句型等。全文没有语法错误,上下句转换自然流畅。
高分典句
1.在好心和匆忙间,这个人并不理解,蝴蝶破茧而出时需要的那种束缚和挣扎其实是大自然用来将蝴蝶的体液挤到翅膀中的方法,这样,蝴蝶一旦能从茧中脱出,就能准备好飞翔了。
What the man in his kindness and haste did not understand was that the restricting cocoon and the struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening were Nature’s way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon.(主语从句、表语从句、结果状语从句)
2.事实上,生活中有一些困难是必要的。
In fact,it is necessary to live with some difficulties.(不定式作真正主语)
3.正是这些障碍和困难使我们坚强起来,为生活中更大的挑战做好准备。
And it is these obstacles and difficulties that make us strong and get prepared for the greater challenges in our life.(强调句)
即学即练
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
Growing up,we didn’t have much money.Actually,we had very little.We lived in a small house with holes in the floor. We wore old clothes and had little food.With three little mouths to feed,my daddy worked as a gatekeeper in a middle school and then farmed our own small field until dark.Daddy provided the best he could for us and mama made our clothes on her old sewing machine.We could have easily applied for welfare,but my parents wouldn’t think of it.Our family was full of love and proud of hard work.
Then I was in the third grade,in Mrs Harper’s class.One day,Mrs Harper brought a huge box of toys to school to give to “poor” children.Everyone was invited to bring some of his or her own toys from home to put in the box.Needless to say,I had hardly any toys of my own to offer.
My eyes got big the next day when I looked into that box.It was like a dream world to me—so many colourful toys! Clearly,Mrs Harper saw the curious look on my face,and although I never asked with a smile,she let me pick out two toys for myself from the box.I was so thankful and thought that I was the luckiest girl in the whole world!
When I got home.I couldn’t wait to show mama what I brought from the school.She admired the toys and asked where I got them.I told her about the box for the poor children and that Mrs Harper had let me pick two toys from the box!Mama thought for a few seconds and said in a very sweet way,“No...no,you can’t keep these two toys.”
Mama explained to me that those toys were for “poor” children.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mrs Harper said she understood what mama meant.________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
Mama explained to me that those toys were for “poor” children.She took me by the hand and showed me around our house and said that we had a house to live in and that we had enough to eat.Above all,we had a family and we loved each other.We were not poor at all.But there were many children who didn’t.They were the people who really needed the toys. Eventually she asked me to take the two toys back to school and put them in Mrs Harper’s box.
Mrs Harper said she understood what mama meant.And after school,she took me and some of my classmates to the street to hand out those toys.When I saw the smiles on the faces of those homeless children,I began to understand what mama had told me.Mama was long gone.But her words have stayed with me all the time.(共59张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
词汇认知
重点单词
1. adj.珍稀的;宝贵的
2.tuition n.
3. n.专业服务费;报酬
4.union n.
5. vt.聘任;雇用;租用 n.租借;租用
6.colleague n.
precious
(小组)教学;讲课
fee
协会;联合会;工会
hire
同事;同僚
7. n.诊所;门诊部
8.faraway adj.
9. n.十年;十年期
10. adv.在别处;去别处
11. vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
12. n.员工;全体职员
13. n.节省物;节省;节约;[pl.] 储蓄金;存款
14. n.学前班;幼儿园
clinic
遥远的
decade
elsewhere
tend
staff
saving
kindergarten
15. n.道德原则;法则;原则
16. adj.被动的;顺从的
17. adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的
principle
passive
sharp
词汇拓展
1.illustrate vt.(举例) 说明;阐明;给(书或文章) 加插图
→ n.(书、杂志等中的)图表;插图
2.entrust vt.委托;交付→ n.信任;信赖
3.marriage n.结婚;婚姻→ vt.嫁;娶;(和某人)结婚→ adj.已婚的;婚姻的
4.majority n.大部分;大多数
→ adj. 主要的;重要的
illustration
trust
marry
married
major
5.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚
→ n.抱怨;埋怨
6.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
→ n.反应;回答;回复
7.scholarship n.奖学金
→ n.学者;奖学金获得者
8.physician n.医师;(尤指)内科医生→ adj.物质的;身体的→ adv.身体上;肉体上
complaint
response
scholar
physical
physically
9.reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用
→ n.拒绝接受;否决
10.appoint vt.任命;委派→ n.任命;约定
11.elect vt.选举;推选→ n.选举;推选;当选
12.publish vt.发表(作品);出版→ adj.公众的;政府的→ n.发行;出版物;发表
13.retire vi.& vt.退休;退职;退出
→ n.退休;退职
→ adj.已退休的;已退职的
rejection
appointment
election
public
publication
retirement
retired
14.scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
→ vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓
15.insurance n.保险;保险业
→ vt.投保;给……保险
16.energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的
→ n.能量;精力;活力
17.replace vt.接替;取代;更换
→ n.更换;替换
scare
insure
energy
replacement
重点短语
1.carry sb sth帮助某人渡过难关
2.the of大部分
3.complain 抱怨……
4. to do sth易于做某事;往往会发生某事
5.would do宁愿做
6.graduate 从……毕业
7. need of需要
through
majority
about
tend
rather
from
in
8.play a key role 在……起关键作用
9.hold an important 担任重要的职位
10.be for对……负责
11.treat... ...把……看作是……
12.show interest 对……表现出兴趣
in
position
responsible
as
in
阅读自测
Step 1 Fast Reading
一、快速浏览课文,将段落与其主旨大意相匹配
1.Para.1 A.Summary of Lin Qiaozhi’s life and achievements.
2.Para.2 B.The role Lin played in the new People’s Republic of
China.
3.Para.3 C.Lin opened a private clinic to help the people.
4.Para.4 D.Lin Qiaozhi’s learning experiences.
5.Para.5 E.Lead in the passage using Lin Qiaozhi’s words.
6.Para.6 F.Lin chose to work and study.
Step 2 Detailed Reading
二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.Which of the following matches the passage
A.Story. B.Novel.
C.News report. D.Biography.
D
2.What was Lin Qiaozhi interested in according to the passage
A.She was interested in important positions.
B.She was interested in training the next generation of doctors.
C.She was interested in communicating with new staff.
D.She was interested in setting up private clinics.
B
3.What is true about Lin Qiaozhi according to the passage
A.When Lin graduated from PUMC,she immediately became a chief resident physician in the OB-GYN department.
B.In her private clinic Lin treated patients free of charge.
C.Lin was sent to study in the US after studying in Europe.
D.When she died,Lin left all her savings to a kindergarten.
C
4.Why was Lin Qiaozhi known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”
A.She didn’t retire until the day she died.
B.She had delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
C.She left her savings to a kindergarten.
D.She thought nothing was more precious than life.
B
5.Which of the following can best describe Dr Lin
A.Warm-hearted and careful.
B.Positive and confident.
C.Devoted and thankful.
D.Hardworking and kind.
D
词汇精讲
1.【教材原文】These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman,and what carried her through a life of hard choices.(page 16)
林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
考点carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关
carry sth through成功完成;顺利实现
carry out实施;履行;执行
carry on with sth/doing sth继续做某事
carry away运走
carry off赢得;获得;成功对付
语境领悟
(1)It was your help that carried me through the hard times.
正是你的帮助使我渡过了艰难时刻。
(2)That’s my study plan for the summer holidays,and I’ll try my best to carry it out.
那就是我的暑假学习计划,我将尽我的最大努力执行下去。
(3)Only when you are in good health can you carry on studying.
只有当你身体健康状况良好的时候你才能继续学习。
(4)Jane carried off all the prizes,which made her parents very proud.
简赢得了全部奖品,这使她的父母非常自豪。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)It was my mother that carried me my hard times in middle school.
(2)I’d be grateful if you let me carry on my job.
(3)Carry until you get to the crossing,and you will see a shop where you can buy envelopes.
through
with
on
(4)If you carry on (spend)money like that,you will end up in debt.
(5)In spite of the difficulty,I will carry my plan.
spending
out
2.【教材原文】At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls,she chose to work and study.(page 16)
十八岁时,她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路,而是选择了工作和学习。
考点majority n.大部分;大多数
the/a majority of 大多数的
by/with a majority of 以大多数……
be in a/the majority 占多数;过半数
major adj.较大的;较多的;主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课;主修生
major in... 主修……
语境领悟
(1)Of the first Spanish to go to California,the majority were religious men.
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士。
(2)The majority of the students hold the view that it’s convenient to go to school by bike.
大多数学生持有以下观点: 骑自行车上学很方便。
(3)After all,those who are against the project are in the majority.
毕竟,反对这个项目的人占多数。
(4)He majored in international commerce in college.
他在大学主修国际贸易。
温馨提示 the majority单独使用作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数皆可。the majority of可以修饰单数名词,也可修饰复数名词。该短语作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致。
The majority were/was in favour of the proposal.
大多数人赞成这个建议。
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
大部分的损害容易补救。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The play is a (majority) success,enjoying great popularity among teenagers.
(2)The majority of my patients (come) to me from out of town.
(3)He won a majority of 45,000 votes in the election.
(4)Those who are in favour of the plan are a majority.
major
come
by/with
in
3.【教材原文】She responded,“I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”(page 16)
她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
考点respond vi.做出反应;回应 vt.回答;回复
respond to 回答;回复;对……做出反应
respond that... 回答说;答复说
response n.回答;反应;回复
in response to 作为对……的反应
make a response (to) (对……)做出回应/反应
语境领悟
(1)We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip,but no one has responded by now.
我们向旅行社投诉旅行期间的糟糕服务,但到现在为止,没人回应。
(2)He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
他用笑声回应了我的建议。
(3)I’m writing to have a brief introduction of Beijing Opera in response to your request.
我写信简要介绍京剧以回应你的要求。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)I suggested he work out a new plan but he didn’t respond it.
(2) (respond) to the recent news,Mr Watt appealed for calm.
(3)Judging from the (respond) of the audience, the performance was quite a success.
to
Responding
response
4.【教材原文】She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(page 16)
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
考点hire vt.租用;雇用;聘任 n.租借;租用
hire sth out 出租某物
hire (oneself) out to sb 受雇于某人
hire sb to do...雇用某人做……
for/on hire 出租
语境领悟
(1)Why should I hire you What kind of experience do you have for the job
为什么我要聘用你 你有什么与这份工作相关的经验
(2)After graduation,he was hired out to the company.
毕业后他受雇于这家公司。
(3)There are many bicycles on hire in this area.
这个地方有许多自行车出租。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)假期期间,他受雇当了一名送货员。
He as a delivery boy during the holidays.
(2)让我们开心的是有三艘小船可供出租。
What made us happy was that there were three small boats available .
hired himself out
for/on hire
5.【教材原文】In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital,but just a few months later,the department was closed because of the war.(page 16)
1941年,林医生成为北京协和医院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任,但是仅仅数月之后,妇产科就因为战争而关闭。
考点appoint vt.任命;委派
appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事
appointment n.约会;约定
make/have an appointment with sb与某人约会
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
by appointment 按照约定
appointed adj.约定的;指定的
语境领悟
(1)After being appointed as/to be headmaster of the school,he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.
被任命为该校校长后,他努力提高学校的教学质量。
(2)It made sense to appoint a woman to deal with it.
任命一位女性处理这件事是合理的。
(3)May I make an appointment for sometime early this afternoon
我能安排个今天下午早些时候的预约吗
语境助记 Mr Brown and Professor Smith made an appointment to meet at 2 o’clock in the afternoon,but Professor Smith broke the appointment and didn’t turn up at the appointed time.
布朗先生和史密斯教授约定下午两点见面,但史密斯教授违约了,没有在约定的时间出现。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The director appointed him (look) into those complaints.
(2)I want to see Mr White;we have an (appoint).
(3)The young man felt excited as he (appoint) to be the manager of the company.
to look
appointment
was appointed
6.【教材原文】In 1954,she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and,over the next several decades,she held many important positions.(page 17)
1954年,她当选为第一届全国人民代表大会代表,在接下来的几十年里,她担任了许多重要职务。
考点elect vt.选举;推选
elect to do sth 决定/选择做某事
elect sb (to be/as)+职务 选某人为……
election n.选举;推选;当选
hold an election 举行选举
语境领悟
(1)Students can elect to complete them in groups of three or four.
学生们可选择以三至四人小组的方式将它们完成。
(2)The committee elected Dr Chen as their leader for the research project.
委员会选举陈博士为这个研究项目的负责人。
(3)It’s impossible to tell who will win the next election.
判断谁会赢得下次选举是不可能的。
温馨提示 动词elect表示“选举”时,主要指“选举某人担任某职位”。若所涉及的职位只有一个(即独一无二),则名词前面通常不用冠词。如:
We elected him chairman.
我们选他当主席。
They elected Tom president.
他们选汤姆当总统。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。
Increasing numbers of people from home nowadays.
(2)和男人一样,女人有选举权和被选举权。
Like men,women have the right and .
elect to work
to vote
to be elected
单句语法填空
(3)He was elected our monitor at the beginning of the term.
(4)If I am lucky (elect),I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.
(5)The low level of interest in the (elect) has been reflected in the unwillingness of the citizens to vote.
as
to be elected
election
句型剖析
1.【教材原文】To a person nothing is more precious than their life,and if they entrust me with that life,how could I refuse that trust,saying I’m cold,hungry,or tired (page 16)
对一个人来说,生命是最宝贵的。如果他把生命托付给我,我怎么能说出“我冷”“我饿”“我累”这样的话,辜负这份信任呢
句法分析
此处nothing is more precious than their life为“nothing is+(形容词) 比较级+than...”结构,是一个常见的句型,表示“没有什么比……更……”,为比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义。
表示最高级含义的几种特殊结构:
(1)never+比较级
(2)nothing或no等+be+so+原级+as...
语境领悟
(1)To me,nothing can be more important than a healthy body.
对我来说,没有什么比健康的身体更重要。
(2)It was not until then that I suddenly realised nobody was happier than I was.
直到那时我突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
(3)China is larger than any country in Africa.
中国比任何一个非洲国家都大。
(4)—Did you sleep well last night
你昨晚睡得好吗
—Never better,like a log.
从没这么好过,睡得很沉。
(5)No one is so deaf as those who won’t listen.
最聋者莫过于不听劝的人。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)I’m really grateful for your help;nobody else could do
(much).
(2)Nobody loves money better he does;he takes advantage of every chance to make money.
(3)No one is so blind those who won’t see.
(4)You can not be careful when crossing the street.
more
than
as
too
同义句转换
(5)He is the most helpful student in his class.
→ You can’t find student in his class.
→ He is more helpful than student in his class.
→ He is more helpful than students in his class.
a more helpful
any other
all the other
2.【教材原文】She responded,“I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”(page 16)
她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
句法分析
句中would rather表示“宁愿;宁可”,没有人称和数的变化。
would rather do 宁愿做
would rather do...than do...
=would do...rather than do...
=prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather+从句:从句谓语用过去式表示“与现在或将来”相反的假设,意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”。引导从句的that 常省略。从句谓语用过去完成式表示“与过去”相反的假设。
温馨提示 使用would rather...than...句型时要注意平行结构,即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组,如两个名词、两个介词短语等。
语境领悟
(1)He would rather walk than take a bus.
他宁愿走路,也不愿乘公交车。
(2)Rather than refuse to help you,I would borrow money from my friends.
我宁可向朋友借钱,也不愿拒绝帮助你。
(3)I would rather you went right now.我宁愿你马上就去。
(4)I’d rather you hadn’t told him the news that day.
我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)She would rather (move)to another city immediately.
(2)I’d rather you (meet)her at the airport tomorrow morning.
(3)Tom would rather live an independent life rely on his parents.
move
met
than(共18张PPT)
Section Ⅴ Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.moral adj.道德的;道义上的 n.品行;道德;寓意
→ adv.道义上;道德上
→ adj.不道德的;邪恶的
2.illustrate vt.(举例) 说明;阐明;给(书或文章) 加插图
→ n.(书、杂志等中的)图表;插图
3.entrust vt.委托;交付→ n.信任;信赖
morally
immoral
illustration
trust
4.marriage n.结婚;婚姻→ vt.嫁;娶;(和某人)结婚→ adj.已婚的;婚姻的
5.majority n.大部分;大多数
→ adj. 主要的;重要的
6.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚
→ n.抱怨;埋怨
7.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
→ n.反应;回答;回复
marry
married
major
complaint
response
8.scholarship n.奖学金
→ n.学者;奖学金获得者
9.physician n.医师;(尤指) 内科医生
→ adj.物质的;身体的
→ adv.身体上;肉体上
10.reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用
→ n.拒绝接受;否决
11.appoint vt.任命;委派→ n.任命;约定
12.elect vt.选举;推选→ n.选举;推选;当选
scholar
physical
physically
rejection
appointment
election
13.publish vt.发表(作品);出版
→ adj.公众的;政府的
→ n.发行;出版物;发表
14.retire vi.& vt.退休;退职;退出
→ n.退休;退职
→ adj.已退休的;已退职的
15.scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
→ vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓
public
publication
retirement
retired
scare
16.insurance n.保险;保险业
→ vt.投保;给……保险
17.energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的
→ n.能量;精力;活力
18.replace vt.接替;取代;更换→ n.更换;替换
insure
energy
replacement
19.operation n.手术;企业;经营→ vi.运转;动手术→ n.操作人员;技工
20.assist vt. 帮助;援助→ n.助手;助理;助教
→ n.援助;帮助
21.waitress n.(餐馆的) 女服务员;女侍者
→ vi.&vt.等待→ n.服务员;侍者
22.harm n.& vt.伤害;损害→ adj.有害的;导致损害的→ adj.无害的;无恶意的
23.might n.力量;威力→ adj.强而有力的
operate
operator
assistant
assistance
wait
waiter
harmful
harmless
mighty
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.carry sb sth 帮助某人渡过难关
2.tend do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
3.pass 去世
4.in memory 作为对……的纪念
5.trip 被……绊倒
6. tears 流着泪;含着泪
7. despair 处于绝望中
8. great deal (of) 大量
through
to
away
of
over
in
in
a
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.抽象地点名词作先行词的定语从句
A moral dilemma is a situation you have two or more difficult choices to make.
道德困境是指你有两个或两个以上的困难选择的境地。
in which
2.比较级的否定表最高级含义
To a person ,and if they entrust me with that life,how could I refuse that trust,saying I’m cold,hungry,or tired
对一个人来说,生命是最宝贵的。如果他把生命托付给我,我怎么能说出“我冷”“我饿”“我累”这样的话,辜负这份信任呢
nothing is more precious than their life
3.would rather用法
She responded,“I’d rather !”
她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
4.not... until...句式
Dr Lin ,22 April 1983.
林医生坚守在岗位上,直到1983年4月22日她去世的那一天。
stay single to study all my life
did not retire until the day she died
5.独立主格结构
After a while,a group of women came along,
.
过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
6.neither...nor...连接并列成分
thought about moving the stone out of the road.
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
each balancing a pot of water on her head
Neither she nor her friends
Ⅳ.重点语法
动词-ing形式的用法(2)
1.“Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained,
(think) of the high tuition fees.
2. (think) of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
thinking
Thinking
3.At times she was even seen (ride) a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
4.The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi
(play) a key role.
riding
playing
Ⅴ.功能意念
Tell a story
1.常用过渡词
once upon a time从前 long ago 很久以前
first of all首先 then 然后
after that然后 later 后来
finally最后 so 因此
however然而 although 尽管
but但是
2.常用句式
(1)I remember this happened when I was ...我记得这件事发生在我……
(2)I was on my way to...我正要去……
(3)I was sitting...when...我当时坐在……这时……
(4)It was a...day/morning...那是一个……天/上午……
(5)There were...on the street 在街上有……
We Chinese have precious morals and virtues when meeting moral dilemmas.The majority reject complaining in despair or being passive in tears even if they are tripped over. On the contrary,they tend to respond by being energetic, flexible and carrying themselves through.A story of my friend can illustrate it.From his kindergarten he had a good memory and worked hard,which assisted him in winning many scholarships.After being hired as a resident physician in a
faraway clinic,he was appointed chairman and published many articles illustrating his life principles.A decade later,he met a waitress at a café.They fell in love and they had a happy marriage.He didn’t retire until he passed away.(共30张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
文章导语:林巧稚是北京协和医院第一位中国籍妇产科主任及中国科学院第一位女学部委员(院士),她虽然一生没有结婚,却亲自接生了5万多名婴儿,被尊称为“万婴之母”。
I enjoyed English,biology,and chemistry at school,but which one should I choose to study at university I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.
By chance I came across1 an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi,a specialist in women’s diseases.She lived from 1901 to 1983.It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye.It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean,healthy and free from sickness.Why did she write that Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice I looked carefully at
the text and realised that it was intended for women in the countryside.Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.
Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.That was a generation when girls’ education was always placed second to boys’.Was she so much cleverer than anyone else Further reading made me realise that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature2 that got her into medical college.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi,tired after a day’s work,went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.
By now I could not wait to find out more about her.I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own.She made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered3.By this time I was very excited.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work It was still not too late for me to improve my studies and prepare for the university entrance examinations.
词海拾贝
1.come across (偶然) 遇见;碰见
2.nature / neIt (r)/ n.天性
3.deliver /dI lIv (r)/ v.助产;接生
美文凝萃
1.What’s the writer’s purpose for writing this passage
A.To show the determination to go to university.
B.To share with us the information about Lin Qiaozhi.
C.To show it is convenient to find out information on the Internet.
D.To show the difficulty in choosing what kind of university to go to.
B
2.How do you feel after you read the passage
答案:I feel inspired by what Lin Qiaozhi did and want to do more for those in need.
词汇认知
重点单词
1. n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质
2. n.进退两难的境地;困境
词汇拓展
moral adj.道德的;道义上的 n.品行;道德;寓意
→ adv.道义上;道德上
→ adj.不道德的;邪恶的
virtue
dilemma
morally
immoral
重点短语
1. dilemma道德困境
2.make a 做出选择
3.get in 陷入麻烦
4.hear 听说
5.share... 与……分享
moral
choice
trouble
of
with
6. the time一直
7.not only... also...不但……而且……
8.disagree 不同意……
9.be with面对
10. down跌倒
all
but
with
faced
fall
词汇精讲
1.【教材原文】A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make.(page 14)
道德困境是指你有两个或两个以上的困难选择的境地。
考点moral adj.道德的;道义上的 n.品行;道德;寓意
moral dilemma 道德困境
the moral of...……的道德教训/寓意
it’s moral to do...做……是合乎道德的
moral sense 道德感
moral values 道德价值
immoral adj.不道德的;放荡的
morally adv. 道德地;道义上地
语境领悟
(1)The moral of this story is that honesty is always the best policy.
这个故事的寓意是诚实总是上策。
(2)The issue raises a moral dilemma.
这个问题引发了一个道德上的两难抉择。
(3)The moral sense of the books becomes confused in the film.
书中的道德观念在这部电影中变得很混乱。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The novel,for the most part,was looked upon as silly or
(moral).
(2)Confucius felt happy with this,because was moral to take possession of things like this.
(3)The moral the story is that “solidarity is strength”.
immoral
it
of
2.【教材原文】If you choose one,you might get in trouble for not choosing the other(s).(page 14)
如果你选择一个,则可能会因为不选择其他的而惹上麻烦。
考点get in trouble惹上麻烦
ask for trouble 自寻烦恼
have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
have trouble with 有麻烦;有……疾病
get (sb) into trouble (使某人)陷入困境
out of trouble 摆脱麻烦;脱离困境
语境领悟
(1)If you don’t keep the rules,you are likely to get into trouble.如果你不守规矩,你可能就会遇到麻烦。
(2)Nothing gives him more pleasure than helping someone in trouble.
没有一件事比帮助陷入困境的人能带给他更大的快乐。
(3)If you’re a visual kind of person,you probably won’t have trouble with this.
如果你是视觉型的人,这对你来说应该不难。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)It was my sister who gave me a hand when I was
trouble.
(2)Mary says she is having some trouble her classmates at the moment.
(3)When Peter speaks in public,he always has trouble
(think) of the right things to say.
in
with
thinking
句型剖析
【教材原文】A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make.(page 14)
道德困境是指你有两个或两个以上的困难选择的境地。
句法分析
本句是一个主从复合句,其中in which you have...是定语从句,修饰先行词a situation。当先行词不是地点名词而是一些抽象名词,如situation、case、occasion、point、stage、activity、position、job、work、life 等时,如果定语从句中缺少状语,则需用where 或in which 引导。
温馨提示 situation等作先行词,后边的定语从句的引导词未必一定用where,关键还是分析从句中缺少什么成分,若缺少主语、表语或宾语,则应该用关系代词。
语境领悟
(1)This is the type of situation in which you should take full advantage of your HR department.
这是一种你应该充分利用人力资源部门的情况。
(2)Here’s a case where people are being asked to choose between energy and the environment.
在这个案例中,人们被要求在能源和环境之间做出选择。
(3)They got themselves into a position where there was simply no way out.
他们使自己陷入了完全没有出路的境地。
(4)The lawyer may refuse to undertake a case which appears to him unsound.
律师可能拒绝承办他认为站不住脚的案件。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)To be brief,I don’t want a job I am chained to a desk for 8 hours every day.
(2)We use “dilemma” to describe a difficult situation
you have to choose between two or more outcomes.
where
where
句型转换
(3)He got into a situation where it is hard to make a decision.
→He got into a situation it is hard to make a decision.
(4)He was faced with a hard situation he was trying to find ways to get out of.
→He was faced with a hard situation he was trying to find ways to get out of.
in which
that/which
发音提示
语调
英语朗读的语调来自音调的变化,以降调和升调为两种基本语调。降调一般用于陈述、命令,表达“完整”“肯定”的含义;升调用于提问等,表达“不肯定”“礼貌”“委婉”的含义,还用于表示句子表达的意思不完整,所要表达的内容未结束。
朗读时,如果句子的第一个音节是重读音节,那么第一个音节的音调为全句最高,然后依次降低,最后一个重读音节的音调上升。如果最后一个重读音节后面还有非重读音节,它们的音调依次上升。如果句子以非重读音节开头,其音调平稳、低沉,第一个重读音节的音调最高,然后依次降低,句末用升调。
以下七种情况一般用升调:
(1)一般疑问句:Do you like English Are you from China
(2)附加疑问句:You can speak English, can’t you This is your computer, isn’t it
(3)选择疑问句的第一部分:Do you like English or French Are you going to leave today or tomorrow
(4)置于句首的状语短语或状语从句:If it’s fine on the
weekend,he will go to climb the mountains.
(5)列举人和事物时:She likes fruit,such as apples, pears,
bananas,and oranges.
(6)祈使句表示请求时:Come and see me again.Don’t stay up too late.
(7)并列句的第一个分句:The telephone rang,but nobody answered it.(共53张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
词汇认知
重点单词
1. n.事故;车祸;失事
2. vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语;低语
n.耳语 (声);低语 (声);传言;谣传
3. n.子夜;午夜
4. n.进口;进口商品 vt.进口;输入;引进
5. n.出口;出口商品 vt.出口;输出;传播
accident
whisper
midnight
import
export
6. n.(行星的) 极;地极
7. n.(坐着时的) 大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈
8. vt.& vi.咬;叮;蜇 n.咬;(咬下的) 一口;咬伤
9.lip n.
10. n.主席;主持人;董事长
pole
lap
bite
嘴唇
chairman
词汇拓展
1.operation n.手术;企业;经营
→ vi.运转;动手术
→ n.操作人员;技工
2.assist vt. 帮助;援助
→ n.助手;助理;助教
→ n.援助;帮助
operate
operator
assistant
assistance
重点短语
1.pass 去世
2.in memory 作为对……的纪念
3. midnight在午夜
4.work 充当……
5.give first 进行急救
6.make difference有意义
away
of
at
as
aid
a
语法图解
动词-ing形式的用法(2)
探究发现
1.Thinking of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
2.At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
3.The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
以上三个课文中的句子均含有一个动词-ing短语,它们在句中充当不同的成分。在句1中充当 成分;在句2和句3中充当 成分。
状语
宾语补足语
词汇精讲
1.【教材原文】During the operation,she sat in the waiting room for over an hour worrying about him.(page 18)
手术期间,她在候诊室里坐了一个多小时,为他担心。
考点operation n.手术;企业;经营
perform an operation(on sb)(给某人)做手术
in operation工作中;有效
put sth into operation使某物生效
a safe operation安全操作
operate vi.运转;动手术 vt.操作
operate on...给……做手术
operator n.操作员;经营者
operating adj.操作的;手术的
温馨提示 operate表示“做手术”时是不及物动词,后面接on,然后接人或者身体的部位;表示“操作”时是及物动词,直接跟宾语。
语境领悟
(1)Two weeks later,surgeons carried out the operation to rebuild his face.
两周后,外科医生实施了手术以复原他的面部。
(2)Both of her parents are musicians and operate a small club.
她的父母都是音乐家,经营着一家小型的俱乐部。
(3)The decision to operate on Karl is difficult because of his age.考虑到卡尔的年龄,给他动手术是个艰难的决定。
(4)While attempting to talk to the operator,Mrs Taylor discovered that she could not speak.
当泰勒夫人试图和接线员说话时,她发现自己说不出话来。
巧学助记 Mr Brown,who is an operator,received an operation yesterday in the operating room.The doctor operating on him said the operation was very successful.
布朗先生是一位接线员,昨天他在手术室里接受了一次手术。给他做手术的医生说手术非常成功。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered from his heart (operate)soon.
(2)They held hands as Mark was wheeled into the
(operate)room.
(3)Mr Smith is the appointed doctor who will operate
the patient.
operation
operating
on
(4)To our great joy,the new machine is really easy
(operate).
(5)With the help of his teammate,the (operate) responded immediately to the event.
to operate
operator
2.【教材原文】I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not wanting to be heard.(page 18)
我看见她在他耳边低声说了些什么,显然不想被人听见。
考点whisper n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语;低语
in a whisper=in whispers=in a low voice 耳语地;低声地
whisper to sb 向某人低声说
whisper sth to sb 向某人低声说某事
whisper sth in one’s ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事
It is/was whispered that... 据传闻……
温馨提示 whisper后接双宾语时,间接宾语无论在前还是在后,其前都要带介词to,即whisper sth to sb=whisper to sb sth。类似结构还有:
announce sth to sb 向某人宣布某事
explain sth to sb向某人解释某事
introduce sth to sb向某人介绍某事
suggest sth to sb向某人提议某事
report sth to sb向某人报告某事
语境领悟
(1)His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.
他的老师托马斯·惠利在他旁边,小声鼓励着他。
(2)We spoke in whispers/in a whisper for fear of waking the baby.
我们轻声谈话,以免吵醒婴儿。
(3)It is whispered that he has cancer.
传闻说他身患癌症。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)“What is it ”he asked a whisper.
(2)He whispered her so that no one else would hear.
(3)She said it in whisper,so most of us couldn’t hear.
in
to
a
句型剖析
【教材原文】Returning from the North Pole,the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year.(page 18)
从北极回来后,这名旅行者写了一本关于他的经历的书,并在第二年出版了。
句法分析
句中的published是过去分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语和动词之间是被动关系,表示“让某事被做”。
(1)have/get sth done可以表示:使某事被做(主语有意识的行为,可能是主语自己做,也可能是让别人做);遭遇/经历(此事违背主语的意愿)。
若宾语和宾语补足语之间是主动关系则用:
(2)have sb do sth (do强调做某事这一事实)
(3)have sb/sth doing (doing强调持续进行某一动作)
(4)have sth to do有某事要做(动词不定式作后置定语)
语境领悟
(1)There’s something wrong with my computer,so I have to have it repaired.
我的电脑出了问题,所以我得让人修理一下。
(2)Unfortunately,he had his right leg injured during the training.
不幸的是,他在训练中把右腿弄伤了。
(3)The boss had me set down what people said at the meeting.
老板让我记录下出席会议的人员所说的话。
(4)He was very funny and had us laughing all the way.
他非常滑稽,一路上逗得我们笑个不停。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Before driving into the city,you are required to have your car (wash).
(2)I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train (catch).
washed
to catch
(3)The waitress had the water (run) even when she didn’t use it.
(4)When passing by the house,he had his leg (bite) by a big dog.
running
bitten
语法精析
动词-ing形式的用法(2)
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
1.用在感官动词feel、hear、notice、observe、see、smell、watch等之后作宾语补足语。
I saw a boy playing basketball on the playground.
我看见一个男生在操场打篮球。
We could hear her singing as she ran upstairs.
我们可以听到她边唱歌边跑上楼。
2.用在使役动词get、have、bring、keep、leave、send、set、start等之后作宾语补足语。这种情况往往表示“使某人/某物处于某种状态”。
The doctor will soon have you walking about again.
医生将很快使你能再走动。
The coach got the team practicing harder before the match.
教练让队员们在比赛前更加努力地训练。
3.用在其他动词catch、discover、find等之后作宾语补足语。
I found a boy crying in the corner.
我发现一个男孩在角落里哭泣。
4.用在with复合结构中。
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪声不断,我没法做我的作业。
With so many people looking at her,she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她,她感到紧张。
温馨提示
1.动词的-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别
动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行,不是指全过程;动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的完成,指全过程。
He saw a girl getting on the car.
他看见一个女孩正在上车。(She was getting on the car.)
He saw a girl get on the car and drive off.
他看见一个女孩上车把车开走了。
(She got on the car and drove off.)
2.动词的-ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别
当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时,用动词-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态);当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用过去分词。
We saw him talking to her.
我们看到他在与她谈话。(正在进行)
I saw him chased by Tom.
我看到汤姆追他了。(him与chase是被动关系)
3.动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的被动语态
含动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的句子在转换为被动语态时,该动词-ing形式的宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。
He was found lying on the floor.
有人发现他躺在地上。
分析:He在句子中作主语,was found作谓语,使用了被动语态,lying on the floor作主语补足语。
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式在句中作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
1.作时间状语
动词-ing形式作时间状语时,常放在句首,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Hearing the noise,I turned round.
= When I heard the noise,I turned round.
听到响声我转过身去。
温馨提示 动词-ing形式强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,前面可带when、while、after、before、since等从属连词。如:
When visiting a strange city,I like to have a guidebook with me.
当游览一个陌生城市时,我喜欢随身带着导游手册。
2.作原因状语
动词-ing形式作原因状语时,相当于一个原因状语从句,也可以放在句首。
Not knowing the answer,he kept silent in class.
=Because he didn’t know the answer,he kept silent in class.
由于不知道答案,他在课堂上保持沉默。
3.作条件状语
动词-ing形式作条件状语时,相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard,you will succeed.
=If you work hard,you will succeed.
如果你努力工作,你将会成功。
4.作结果状语
动词-ing形式作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The fire lasted a whole night,causing great damage.
大火持续了一整夜,造成了巨大损失。
温馨提示 动词-ing形式作结果状语,是随着谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时,常表示出乎意料的结果,常用only to do结构,其被动形式为only to be done。
He was caught in the rain,thus making himself catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现是星期天。
5.作让步、方式和伴随状语
动词-ing形式作让步、方式和伴随状语时,说明动作发生的背景和情况,作伴随状语时,表示分句的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom,reading a book.
=Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。
温馨提示 动词-ing形式作状语注意事项
1.动词-ing形式的时态
动词-ing形式作状语时,要注意动词-ing形式的时间性,是用动词-ing形式的一般式(doing),还是用完成式(having done)。
(1)当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,用动词-ing形式的一般式。
Walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时,遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
(2)当动词-ing形式的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用动词-ing形式的完成式。
Having finished the letter,he went to post it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished 是先发生的,went是后发生的)
2.动词-ing形式的语态
使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。
Having been shown around the factory,they were very happy.(动词-ing形式的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后,他们很高兴。
Having finished his homework,he went to bed.(动词-ing形式的主动式)
完成了作业后,他上床睡觉了。
3.动词-ing形式的否定式:not doing;not having done
Not knowing this,he didn’t come.
他不知道这件事,所以没来。
Not having made full preparations,we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备,我们把运动会延期了。
4.独立主格
动词-ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
The trees are extremely tall,some measuring over 90 metres.
那些树非常高,其中一些高达90多米。
The weather being fine,we went out for a walk.
由于天气好,我们去散步了。
5.动词-ing形式作评注性状语
有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。如:generally speaking(一般来说),judging by/from...(从……判断),taking everything into consideration(从全盘考虑)。
Judging by/from his behaviour,he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断,他一定是疯了。
Generally speaking,girls are more interested in literature than boys.
一般来说,女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。
即学即练
单句语法填空
(1)Misleading reports about doctors have harmed society,
(cause) the public to distrust medical workers.
(2)I was always an enthusiastic reader,sometimes
(read) up to three books a day as a child.
(3)Not (know) what to do,the boy felt embarrassed.
causing
reading
knowing
(4) (travel) on a strange land,Tom met all kinds of people on his way.
(5)When Michael woke up,his parents were right there,
(stare) at him.
Travelling
staring
完成句子
(6)学生们走在街上,又说又笑。
The students walked on the street, .
(7)一听到这个消息,他禁不住大笑起来。
,he couldn’t help laughing.
(8)他们仔细按照地图走,结果找到了隐藏的宝藏。
They followed the map carefully,thus
.
talking and laughing
Hearing the news
finding the hidden
treasure
(9)我站在门旁,不敢说一句话。
I stood by the door, .
(10)尽管尝试了多次,但他仍未成功。
,he still couldn’t succeed.
not daring to say a word
Having tried many times
