Unit 5 Good manners 重点短语练习-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册
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| 名称 | Unit 5 Good manners 重点短语练习-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册 |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-25 00:00:00 | ||
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Unit 5 Good manners 知识点
重要短语句型：
遵守交通规则 _____________________________________________
准时 ________________________________
一起，同时 _____________________________________________
用“您”来称呼别人 _______________________________________
公开接受称赞 _____________________________________________
以防万一 _____________________________________________
尽管，即使 _____________________________________________
与...表现得不一样 _____________________________________________
用大大的拥抱来问候彼此 _____________________________________________
向某人致以祝贺 ______________________________________
使某人感到宾至如归 ______________________________________
信守诺言 ______________________________________
即将，正要（做某事） ________________________________
拒绝做某事 ________________________________
习惯于做某事 ______________________________________
挡住...的路 ______________________________________
对某人表示礼貌与尊重 ______________________________________
高兴做某事 ___________________________________
首先，尊敬你的老师是很重要的。
_______________________________________________________________________________
我的中国朋友很友好，让我感到宾至如归，但我也注意到了一些有趣的礼节方面的差异。
_______________________________________________________________________________
我还发现，在称赞方面，中国人和英国人表现得不一样。
_______________________________________________________________________________
他们太谦虚了，不好意思公开接受称赞。
_______________________________________________________________________________
刚开始要适应这些差异时会有点困难。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Welcome to the unit
1. Drop litter 乱扔垃圾 教材P65
[解析] litter 不可数名词，意为“垃圾”。
常用结构： pick up litter意为“捡垃圾” litter bin 意为“垃圾桶”
> Litter is harmful to the environment. 垃圾对环境有害。
> People will be fined for dropping litter. 人们将因乱扔垃圾而被罚款。
[拓展] litter作动词，意为“乱扔；使凌乱”
> The floor was littered with newspapers. 地板上乱七八槽扔了许多报纸。
2. leave the tap running 让水龙头一直开着 教材P65
[解析] 此短语"leave+宾语+宾语补足语(现在分词)"结构，意为“让...持续发生某动作”。如： leave the machine working让机器一直运转 leave him waiting让他一直等着
[拓展]此固定结构中宾语补足语还可用形容词、副词、介词短语等，
即"leave+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词/副词/介词短语等)".如：
leave the door open让门开着 leave the kids in the garden让孩子们待在花园里
leave the TV on it电视开着
3. Congratulations. Shirley. 祝贺你，雪莉。 教材P65
[解析] congratulations 复数名词，意为“祝贺”，在句中可作主语、宾语等，
可单独使用，表口头祝贺，固定结构：
offer/send/express congratulations to sb. 意为“向某人致以/表示祝贺”
congratulations on sth. 意为“因某事而祝贺”
> He sent congratulations to his best friend after knowing the wedding news.
得知婚礼消息后，他向最好的期友发去了祝贺。
> I offer my sincere congratulations on your success. 我衷心祝贺你的成功。
[拓展] congratulate 动词，意为“祝贺”，固定结构：
congratulate sb. on sth. /doing sth. 意为“因某事/做某事祝贺某人”。
> I want to congratulate you on passing the exam.我想祝贺你通过了考试。
[例] - I've got the champion in the School Top 10 Singers Competition! -_______
A. Congratulations! B. Cheer up! C. Good luck! D. Have a good time!
4. And don't forget to return to class on time. 还有，别忘了准时回教室。 教材P65
[解析] on time 介词短语，意为“准时”，在句中作状语，说明动作发生的时间状态。
>The conference started exactly on time at 9 a.m. 会议上午9点整准时开始。
> The train on time reached the destination. 火车准时抵达了目的地。
[辨析] on time in time
on time:意为“准时”，强调“按规定时间，不迟到”，
用于上班、开会、交作业等需守时的场景
in time:意为“及时”，强调“及时，赶在关键时之前”，
用于救火、救人、赶上车(未迟到)、弥补错误等
[一言辨异]
The meeting started on time, and luckily I got there in time to hear the opening speech.
会议准时开始，而且我幸运地及时赶到，听到开幕致辞。
Reading
1. For example, they normally use nin to address others in a formal situation.
比如，在正式场合，他们通常用“您”来称呼别人。 教材P66
[解析] address 动词，意为“称呼(某人)”,在 句中作谓语，后可直接跟宾语，
用于正式场合，强调规范性或礼貌性，固定结构：
"address sb. as+头衔/称谓" 意为“以……(头衔/称谓)称呼某人”
> She always addresses her elders with respect. 她对长辈总是称呼得很恭敬。
> He addressed her as "Professor". 他称呼她为“教授”。
[拓展]
address作动词，还意为“处理；演讲“。
> We need to address this problem at once. 我们需要立即处理这个问题。
(2) address作名词，意为“地址”。
> The address of the new library is easy to find. 新图书馆的地址很好找。
2. If you want to show politeness an respect for others, you can't go wrong with nin.
如果你想对他人表示礼貌和尊重，用"您"准错不了。 教材P66
[解析] politeness 名词，意为“礼貌”，是描述行为举止的抽象名词，常用结构：
good/ great/perfect politeness 意为“极好的礼貌”
little/ no politeness 意为“没礼貌”
> Politeness is important in social communication. 礼貌在社交中很重要。
> The child was praised for her politeness towards the teacher.
这个孩子因对老师有礼貌而受到表扬。
[拓展]
(1) polite 形容词，意为“有礼貌的”，反义词impolite.
> She is always polite to her neighbours. 她对邻居总是很有礼貌。
(2) politely 副词，意为“有礼貌地”，反义词 impolitely.
> He asked politely if he could leave early. 他礼貌地询问能否提前离开。
3. I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently from the British when it comes to praise.
我还发现，在称赞方面，中国人和英国人表现得不一样。 教材P66
(1) [解析] realize 动词，意为“意识到”，在句中作谓语，
后可直接跟名词、代词、从句等作英语。
> She realized the importance of learning English. 她认识到学英语的重要性。
> We realized that we were late for the train. 我们意识到赶不上火车了。
[拓展] realize还可构成固定结构“realize+疑问词+不定式”。
> She realized how to solve the problem. 她意识到如何解决这个问题。
(2) [解析] behave 动词，意为“表现”，此句中为不及物动词，
常用结构： behave well/ badly 意为“表现好/差”
> She behaves well in class. 她在课堂上表现很好。
> He behaved calmly in the emergency. 他在紧急情况下表现冷静。
[拓展] behave作及物动词，意为“使举止得体；守规矩”
behave oneself 意为“守规矩； 举止得体”。
> I hope you'll behave yourselves during the trip.希望你们在旅行中守规矩。behaviour 名词，意为“行为；举止”。
> His behaviour at the meeting was unacceptable.
他在会议上的表现不可接受。
[例] - I'm going to France next month. Could you give me some advice
- Sure. Do as the Romans do. You'll know how to _____ yourself by following local people.
A. behave B. develop C. treat D. support
(3) [解析] differently 副词，意为“不同地”。在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，说明动作的方式、状态的差异。
> She thinks differently from her brother. 她的想法和她哥哥不一样。
> The two paintings ore differently beautiful. 这两幅画美得各有千秋。
[拓展] different 形容词，意为“不同的”，反义词same.
> These two books are different in content. 这两本书内容不同。
difference 名词，意为“差异；不同之处”。
> There are many differences between the two cultures.
这两种文化有很多差异。
differ 动词，意为“不同于；相异”。
> These two regions differ greatly in climate. 这两个地区气候差异很大。
(4)[解析] praise 名词，意为“称赞，赞美”。
固定结构： give praise to sb. /sth. 意为“赞美某人/某物“。
> Praise can encourage children to learn better. 表扬能鼓励孩子学得更好。
> She received a lot of praise for her performance. 她因表现出色获得了很多赞关。
[拓展] praise动词，意为“称赞，赞美”，在句作谓语，后可直接跟宾语(人、行为、事物),固定结构：praise sth. (as...) 意为“称赞某物” as后接赞美的内容
praise sb. for sth. /doing sth. 意为“因某事/做某事表扬某人”
> Everyone praised the beauty of the park. 所有人都赞美这座公园的关丽。
> The teacher praised her for her hard work. 老师因地努力而表扬了她。
[例] -A kindergarten teacher was _____ for her brave act of using Heimlich maneuver(海姆立克急救法) to save a student's life.
- How brave and wise! We should learn from her.
A. presented B. provided C. praised D. practised
4. If someone says my Chinese is good. I'll be pleased and tell them I love learning the language.
如果有人说我的中文好，我会很高兴，并告诉他们我喜欢学习这门语言 教材P66
[解析] pleased形容词，意为“高兴”，在句中可作定语或表语，
仅用于描述人，不能修饰事物，固定结构：
be pleased with sb. /sth. 意为“对某人/某物感到满意”；
be pleased to do sth. 意为“高兴做某事”，
be pleased + that 从句 意为“因...而高兴”。
> Parents are pleased with their children's progress. 父母对孩子的进步感到满意。
> I'm pleased to accept your invitation. 我很乐意接受你的邀请。
> We were pleased that the project was completed on time. 我们因项目按时完成而高兴。
[拓展] please 动词，意为“使高兴；使满意”。
> Your success pleases me. 你的成功让我很高兴。
pleasure 名词，意为“愉快；乐趣；乐事”。
> It's a pleasure to meet you. 很高兴认识你。
pleasant 形容词，意为“令人愉快的”。
> We spent d pleasant afternoon chatting in the garden.
我们在花园里聊天，度过了一个愉快的下午。
[辨析] pleased与pleasant
pleased 形容词，意为“(人)感到满意的、高兴的”，常与with/at/to do/that搭配
pleasant 形容词，意为“(事物)令人愉快的、宜人的”，直接修饰名词(天气、声音、经历等)
[一言辨异]
I’m pleased with the pleasant evening. 我对这个愉快的夜晚感到满意。
[例] - Our class won first prize in the school English play competition!
- Really 1'm so ______ to hear that. You all practised so hard for months.
A. angry B. pleased C. bored D. surprised
5. But when I praise my Chinese friends, instead of saying "thank you", they often smile and reply, "Nali, nali. " 教材P66
但当我称赞我的中国朋友时，他们往往不会说“谢谢你” ,而是微笑着回答：“哪里，哪里。”
[解析] reply 动词，意为“回答，答复”，在句中作谓语，作不及物动词，需加介词接宾语。
reply to sb./ sth. 回答某人/回应某事 reply with sth. 用某物/某种方式回应
> She replied to my letter yesterday. She said "Yes!" 她昨天回复了我的信。
> She replied with a nod.她点头回应。
[拓展] reply作名词，意为“回答，答复”，
固定结构： make/give a reply to sb. /sth. 意为“对某人/某事作出答复”。
> I'm waiting for your reply. 我在等你的回复。
[辨析] reply与answer
reply 多作不及物动词，意为“回答，答复”，较正式，侧重“回应”(尤其书面或对话), 常用于回复信件、邮件、话语等
answer 可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“回答”，更口语化，侧重“解决/回应问题”， 常用于回答问题、电话、门铃等
[一言辨异]
He answered the phone and replied to the caller's question.他接了电话，并回复了来电者的问题。
[例] - Tom, did you _____ the email our teacher sent yesterday about the upcoming exam
- Of course! The teacher has already got my confirmation.
A. reply to B. answer to C. reply D. answer with
6. They are too modest to accept praise openly.
他们太谦虚了，不好意思公开接受称费。 教材P66
[解析] openly 副词，意为“公开地，毫不隐瞒地”，在句中作状语，
修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，说明动作的方式或态度的特点，常用结构： openly support意为“公开支持”。
> The two leaders openly discussed their differences during the meeting.
两位领导人在会议中公开讨论了他们的分歧。
> She was openly hostile to the new plan. 她对新计划公然持反对态度。
[拓展] open 动词，意为“打开；开启”。 open 可作形容词，意为“开放的；公开的”。
> Please open the window to let in air. 请打开窗户透透气。
> The park is open to visitors every day. 这个公园每天对游客开放。
7. One day. my host was nice enough to invite me to dinner. and he was so hospitable.
有一天，我的房东好心地邀请我共进晚餐，他非常热情好客。 教材P67
[解析] host名词，意为“主人”，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
> Our host prepared a very delicious meal for us. 我们的主人为我们准备了非常美味的饭菜。
> We thanked the host for his warm welcome. 我们感谢主人的热情欢迎。
[拓展] host作名词，还意为“主持人，东道主”。
host country/city意为“主办国/城市”，game show host意为“游戏节目主持人”。
> We all liked the funny host of the show. 我们都喜欢这个节目的搞笑主持人。
host作动词，意为“主办；主持”。
host a meeting/event/show意为“主持会议/举办动/主持节目”。
> Beijing hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics. 北京主办了2022年冬奥会。
> He has hosted the evening news for over 10 years.
他主持晚间新闻已有10多年了。
8. I ate so much because I was too polite to refuse!
我吃了太多，因为我不好意思拒绝! 教材P67
[解析] refuse 动词，意为“拒绝，回绝”，
在句中作谓语，后可直接跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。
refuse sth. 意为“拒绝某物/某事” refuse to do sth. 意为“拒绝做某事”
> He refused all offers of help. 他拒绝了所有的帮助捉议。
> The security guard refused to let us enter the building. 这个保安拒绝让我们进入大楼。
[例] - Are you gong to Jim's party
- Yes. It’s not polite to _______ invitation, right He is so kind and friendly.
A. refuse B. review C. return D. renew
9. It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences.
刚开始要适应这些差异有时会有点困难。 教材P67
[解析] get used to意为“习惯于’，相当于be used to,
其中to是介词，后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式作宾语。
固定结构"get/be used (doing) sth. "意为“习惯于(做)某事。”。
> Have you been used to the life here 你已经习惯了这里的生活吗
> He gets/is used to looking after himself. 他习惯于照顾他自己。
[辨析] used to do sth. get/ be used to doing be used to do sth.
used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”
get/be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词
be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，是use sth. to do sth.的被动语态形式
> He used to be a teacher in our school. 他曾经是我们学校的一位老师。
> The old man and his wife are used to living a simple life.
这位老人和他的妻子习惯于过简朴的生活。
> This computer is used to control all the machines. 这台电脑被用来控制所有的机器。
[例] I used to _____ at half past six. but now I am getting used to _____ at seven.
A. getting up; get up B. get up; getting up
C. got up; getting up D. got up; get up
Grammar
1. To enjoy world travel fully, avoid too much planning all at once.
为了充分享受环球旅行，避免一次性做太多计划。 教材P70
[解析] all at once 副词短语，意为“一起，同时”，
在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词，说明动作的发生方式或时间同步性。
> You can't do all these tasks all at once—take your time.你不能同时做所有这些任务--慢慢来。
> The children started singing all at once when the teacher came in.
老师进来时，孩子们一起开始唱歌。
[拓展] all at once还意为“突然；猛地”
> The lights went out all at once, and the room became dark.灯突然熄灭了，房间陷入一片黑暗。
2. Don't jump the line. 不要插队。 教材P70
[解析] jump the line 动词短语，意为“插队”
相当于jump the queue (英式英语)或cut in line(美式口语),
在句中作谓语，后可接介词短语等补充语境。
> Students shouldn't jump the line in the library. 学生不该在图书馆插队。
> He jumped the line to buy the limited tickets. 他插队是为了买限量门票。
3. Don't talk too loudly. 不要太大声说话。 教材P70
[解析] loudly 副词，意为“大声地；吵闹地”，在句中作状语，修饰动词或整个句子，
有“不礼貌”的隐含意味，位置较灵活，常用结构：
speak/ talk/laugh/shout/sing/cry loudly 意为“大声说/交谈/笑/喊/唱/哭”。
> He laughed loudly when he heard the joke. 他听到笑话后大声笑了。
> Don't shout loudly in public places—it's bad manners.
别在公共场所高声大喊--这是不礼貌的。
[拓展] loud 形容词，意为“大声的；响亮的” loud music意为“嘈杂的音乐”。
> She has a loud voice, so everyone in the classroom can hear her clearly.
她的声音洪亮，所以教室里的每个人都能听清。
[辨析] loudly、 loud与aloud
loudly 副词，作状语，意为“大声地；吵闹地”，指声音大(喧闹、影响他人), 常与speak, talk, laugh, shout, sing, cry等连用
loud 形容词，作定语或表语，意为“大声的；响亮的；喧闹的”， 指声音音量高、易听见
副词，作状语，意为“大声地：响亮地”，强调“声音大”， 无明显褒贬，更口语化，常与speak, talk, laugh, shout等连用 (同loudly,但更简洁)
aloud 副词，作状语，意为“出声地；大声地“，强调“出声地” (表“打破沉默/默读，发出声音”),不侧重音量大小， 常与read, think, say, call等连用
[一言辨异]
She read the poem aloud in a loud voice, but her brother spoke too loudly and disturbed her.
她出声朗读诗歌，声音洪亮，但她弟弟说话太吵，打扰了她。
[例] If I don't talk ________, my old mother can't hear me.
A. quickly B. loudly C. suddenly D. quietly
4. Don't walk too fast in case you run into someone. 走路不要太快，以免撞到人。 教材P70
[解析] in case意为“以防万一”，引导目的状语从句，表示“避免不好的结果”，固定结构:
主句+ in case +从句(从句用一般现在时表将来).
> She left early in case she was late for the meeting. 她早早动身，免得开会迟到。
> You'd better lock the door in case someone breaks in. 你最好锁上门，以防有人闯入。
[拓展] in case of,介词短语，意为“万一；假如”,后接名词、代词或动名词，不可接从句。
> In case of trouble, call me. 万一遇到麻烦，给我打电话。
5. Also, they are too kind to push past you when you are in their way.
而且，当你挡住他们的路时，他们非常友善，不会推开你。 教材P71
(1)[解析] push 动词，意为“挤开；推动”，在句中作谓语，
此句中是不及物动词，后可接介词短语。常用短语：
push against the wall靠墙推 push in 插队 push forward继续前进
> The little boy pushed hard, but the box didn't move.小男孩用力推，但箱子没动。
> They pushed against the wall to keep balance. 他们靠着墙推以保持平衡。
[拓展] push作及物动词，后可直接跟人或物作宾语。
> She pushed the door open and walked in. 她推开门走了进去。
push的反义词为pull,意为“拉，拖”。
> Don't pull my hair! 别扯我的头发!
(2) [解析] past 介词，意为“在另一边，到另一侧”，构成的介词短语在句中作状语，
常与表示“移动”的动词walk, drive, go等连用。
> A red car drove past us just now. 刚才一辆红色汽车从我们身边开过。
> We walked past the park on our way to school. 我们上学路上经过了公园。
[拓展] past作介词，还意为“晚于(时间); 超过；在...之后”。
> Angie is past 70, but she still works hard. Angie已经年过70,但仍然努力工作。
> It's past 9 o'clock-we should go to bed. 已经过了9点了--我们该睡觉了。
past作形容词，意为“过去的；昔日的”。
> In the past few years, our city has changed a lot.
在过去的几年里，我们的城市变化很大。
past作名词，意为“过去；往事”。
> We cant change the past, but we can improve the future.
我们无法改变过去，但可以改善未来。
(3) [解析] in one's way 介词短语，意为“挡着...的路”，
其中one's可以是形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
in my way挡我的路 in the teacher's way挡老师的路
> Could you move You're in my way - I can't get to the door.
你能挪一下吗 你挡我路了，我到不了门口。
> The desk is in his way, so he moves it to the corner.
桌子挡了他的路，所以他把它撤到了角落。
[链接]由way构成的固定短语：
on one's way to ... 在某人去...的路上 lose one's way迷路
find one's way找到路；设法到达 in one's way以某人的方式
in this/that way用这那种方式 by the way顺便说一下；顺便问一下
in some ways在某些方面 all the way一直；从头到尾
the way to do sth. /the way of doing sth. 做某事的方法 no way不行；没门
[例] In Britain, people won't touch you or push past you if you’re ______.
A. on their way B. in their way C. by the way D. in this way
6. join the discussion 加入讨论 教材P72
[解析] discussion 名词，意为“讨论”。固定结构：
have/hold a discussion (with sb.) about/on sth. 意为“(和某人)讨论关于某事”
join in/take part in a discussion 意为“参与讨论”
> Let's have a discussion about the problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题吧。
> Will you join us in the discussion 你会加入我们的讨论吗
[拓展] discuss 动词，意为“谈论，讨论”。固定结构：
discuss sth. with sb.意为“和某人讨论某事”。
> They are discussing when to have a sports meeting. 他们正在讨论什么时候开运动会。
7. He would never lie or cheat. 他从不说谎，也不欺骗。 教材P72
[解析] cheat 动词，意为“欺骗”，在句中作谓语。
若作及物动词，后直接跟宾语，作不及物动词，后可接介词短语。固定结构： cheat sb. out of sth.意为“(尤指用不诚实或不正当的手段)阻止某人得到某物”
cheat in the exam意为“考试作弊” cheat in sth.意为“在某事中作弊”
> Don't cheat your parents-they care about you. 别欺骗你的父母--他们是关心你的。
> It's wrong to cheat in exams—you should be honest. 考试作弊是不对的-你应该诚实。
[拓展] cheat作名词，意为“欺骗手段；作弊；骗子”
> He is a cheat-he never keeps his promises. 他是个骗子--他从不守承诺。
> Be careful of online cheats that ask for your personal information.
小心索要个人信息的网络骗子。
8. If he promised others something, he always kept his word.
如果他答应别人什么事，他总是信守诺言。 教材P72
[解析] promise 动词，意为“承诺，许诺”，在句中作谓语，后面可直接跟人或物作宾语
固定结构： promise sb. sth. = promise sth.sb. 意为“承诺给某人某物”
promise (not) to do sth. 意为“承诺(不)做某事”。
> My parents promised me a new bike as a birthday gift.
父母答应送我一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。
> I promise to help you with your homework after school. 我答应放学后帮你辅导作业。
[拓展] promise作名词，意为“承诺；诺言”，固定结构：
make/keep/break a promise意为“许下/信守/违背承诺”
> Keeping promises is a sign of good manners. 遵守承诺是良好礼仪的体现。
[例] I'm sorry I left my dictionary at home. I will bring it here tomorrow. I _____!
A. regret B. return C. promise. D. practise
9. He was too honest to take others' things, even though no one knew who owned the pear tree.
他太诚实，不肯拿别人的东西，尽管没人知道这棵梨树的主人是谁。 教材P72
(1) [解析] even though 连词短语，意为“尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句，
从句与主句形成转折关系。其同义词有even if, although, though.
> Even though he is young, he knows a lot about history.
尽管他年纪小，但他懂很多历史知识。
> She went to school even though she had a cold.
即使她感冒了，还是去上学了。
[注意]even though与but不能同时用在一个句子中。
> Even though he is poor, but he is happy. (错误,不可加but)
正确： Even though he is poor, he is happy. 尽管他很穷，但他很快乐。
[例] I will never forget that car accident ______ it happened so long ago.
A. until B. if C. even though D. so
(2) [解析] own 动词，意为“拥有”，在句中作谓语，后面可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。
固定结构： own sth. 意为“拥有某物”
> Do you own a smartphone 你有智能手机吗
> My parents own a small shop in the street. 我父母在街上拥有一家小店。
[拓展] own作形容词，意为“自己的”。固定结构：
on one's own = by oneself 独自；靠自己 of one's own 属于某人自己的
> He wants to buy his own car when he grows up.
他长大后想买一辆属于自己的汽车。
> This book is my own-I bought it last year. 这本书是我自己的--我去年买的。
owner 名词，意为“所有者，主人”。
> The owner of the dog is looking for it everywhere.这只狗的主人正在到处找它。
Grammar 动词不定式
1.enough和enough to的用法
(1) enough作形容词，意为“足够的，充足的”，可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，
但必须放在被修饰的名词前，即"enough +名词(可数名词复数/不可数名词)"
> There are enough chairs for everyone. 有足够的椅子给每个人。
> We have enough time to finish the homework. 我们有足够的时间完成作业。
(2) enough to意为“足够...去...”
英语中可以用“be +形容词+enough+to do sth."的结构来描述一个人的品质和能力，
表示“足够...能做某事”，其中enough 作副词，放在后面，修饰前面的形容词。
> The movie is interesting enough. 这部电影足够有趣。
> He runs fast enough to catch the bus. 他跑得足够快，能赶上公共汽车。
> She is old enough to dress herself. 她的年龄足够大了，可以自己穿衣服了。
[注意]若enough前出现了否定词，则不仅否定了enough,还否定了其后的不定式。
> He was not strong enough to do the work. 他不够强壮，不能做这项工作。
[例]
1. Jack did well in the mid-term exam. He is always ______ to do everything well.
A. careful enough B. enough careful C. careless enough D. enough careless
2. I joined in the dancing to show that I am _____ to do something I m not good at.
A. brave enough B. shy enough C. too brave D. too shy
2. too和“too ... to"的用法
(1)too作副词，意为“太，过于，过度”
修饰形容词或副词，必须放在被修饰的形容词或副词前，即"too+形容词/副词(表程度)".
> The shirt is too small for me. 这件村杉对我来说太小了。
> He walks too slowly. We'll be late. 他走得太慢了。我们要迟到了。
[拓展]too作副词，还意为“也”，用于肯定句或疑问句末尾，相当于also.
> I like playing basketball, too. 我也喜欢打篮球。
> Can you speak French, too 你也会说法语吗
[注意]否定句中表示“也”用either,不用too.
> I don't like coffee, either. 我也不喜欢咖啡。
(2) "too... to"意为“太…而不能”。
用“be + too +形容词+to do sth."的结构来表达
因某个原因而没有完成某个动作或达到某种状态，表示“太……而不能做某事”，
若动词不定式后面的宾语是句子的主语，则不定式之后的宾语应该省略；
若动词不定式的动作执行者与整个句子的主语不是同一个人或物，
通常要在动词不定式前加上for sb. (动词不定式的逻辑主语).
> He is too ill to travel. 他病得太重，不能旅行。
> The story is too difficult for me to understand. 这个故事太难了，我理解不了。
[拓展]若含enough to的句子为否定句，则enough to结构可以转换为
"too ... to"或"so... that"结构。
转换后的"too ... to"结构中使用的形容词或副词是enough to结构中形容词或副词的反义词，而"so... that"结构中不但形容词或副词要用其相应的反义词，而且从句部分也要用否定句。
He is not old enough to do the work. = He is too young to do the work.
= He is so young that he can't do the work. 他年龄太小了，不能做这项工作。
[注意]
(1)在“too ... to"的结构中，如果句子的主语与后面的不定式有动宾关系，
且不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则应在该动词之后再加上适当的介词。
> The light is too weak to read by. 光线太暗，不能看书。
(2) "too ... to"结构和never一起使用时不表示否定。
> One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
[例]
1.- I can’t believe Andy has won first place! -Yes, sounds ______ to believe.
A. too good B. good enough C. so good D. quite good
2. You can never be _____ while dealing with your son. He is just a 5-year-old kid.
A. patient enough B. too patient C. too curious D. curious enough
3.他太矮了，够不到厨房的顶层架子。
He _______________________________________________________________________.
= He ______________________________________________________________________.
Integration
1. When the master woke up, he was moved to see the two students waiting in the deep snow.
夫子醒来后，看到两位学生在厚厚的积雪中等候，深受感动。 教材P73
[解析] move 动词，意为“使感动，打动”，在句中作谓语，后面可直接跟宾语。固定结构：
move sb. to tears 意为“使某人感动得流泪”
be moved by sb. /sth. 意为“被某人/某物感动”。
> The old man's experience moved us to tears. 老人的经历让我们感动得流泪。
> I was deeply moved by her kind words. 我被她温柔的话语深深打动了。
[拓展]
move作动词，还意为“移动；搬动；搬家；进展”等。
> She moved the book from the desk to the shelf. 她把书从桌子搬到了书架上。
> We will move to Beijing next month. 我们下个月要搬到北京去。
move作名词，意为“行动；改变；移动；搬家；迁移”等。
> Now we must plot our next move. 现在我们必须策划下一步行动了。
> The cat made a sudden move and caught the mouse. 那只猫突然一动，抓住了老鼠。
moving 形容词，意为“令人感动的”，修饰事或物；
moved 形容词，意为“感动的”，修饰人。
> It's a moving story about friendship. 这是一个关于友谊的感人故事。
> She was moved by the stranger's help. 她被陌生人的帮助感动了。
Chinese people like to sit in a circle in a restaurant because it is easy for big groups to talk and... 中国人喜欢在餐馆里围坐一圈，因为这样大群人可以方便地交谈以及… 教材P74
[解析] circle 名词，意为“圆圈”，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，
固定结构： in a circle 意为“围成一圈；呈圆形”。
> She drew a perfect circle on the paper with a pair of compasses.
她用一副圆规在纸上画了一个完美的圆。
> The children sat in a circle and played games. 孩子们围成一个圆圈做游戏。
[拓展]
circle作名词，还意为“圈子，阶层；循环”。
> She has a wide circle of colleagues. 她有广泛的同事圈子。
> We should respect the circle of nature. 我们应该尊重大自然的循环。
circle作动词，意为“围绕 画圈，圈出；转圈，盘旋”。
> Circle the key words in red. 用红笔图出关键词。
> The Moon circles around the Earth. 月球围绕地球运行。
[例] The students sat in a _____ and listened to the teacher in the centre carefully.
A. circle B. round C. group D. team
3. It is usually very peaceful inside because people have to...
博物馆里通常很安静，因为人们必须… 教材P74
[解析] peaceful 形容词，意为“安宁的，平静的”，在句中可作定语、表语或补语，
peaceful night意为“宁静的夜晚“； live a peaceful life意为“过着平静的生活”。
> We spent a peaceful weekend in the countryside. 我们在乡下度过了一个平静的周末。
> The lake is so peaceful at dawn. 黎明时分的湖面格外宁静。
[拓展]
peaceful作形容词，还意为“和平的；爱好和平的；平和的”。
> China is a peaceful country. 中国是一个爱好和平的国家。
peace 名词，意为“平静；和平”
> She found peace in reading. 她在阅读中找到平静。
peacefully 副词，意为“和平地；平静地”。
> She slept peacefully through the night. 她整晚都睡得很安稳。
[例] She likes to listen to ______________(peace) music before going to bed.
4. This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors.
这是非常不礼貌的，因为这会打扰其他参观者。 教材P74
[解析] trouble 动词，意为“麻烦；使烦恼；折磨”，在句中作谓语，后面可直接跟宾语，
固定结构： trouble sb. (to do sth. )意为“麻烦某人(做某事)".
> The noise from the next room troubled her a lot. 隔壁房间的噪声让她很烦恼。
> Could I trouble you to open the window 麻烦你开一下窗户好吗
[拓展] trouble作名词，意为“麻烦；烦恼；困难；问题”。
固定结构：get into/out of trouble意为“陷入/摆脱麻烦”
have trouble with sth.意为“在某方面有困难”
have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”
> His friend helped him get out of trouble. 他的朋友帮他摆脱了麻烦。
> We had trouble finding the way to the museum. 我们找不到去博物馆的路。
5. Chinese people sometimes greet each other by shaking hands. but British people like to greet one another with a big hug, and sometimes we greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.
中国人有时通过握手来打招呼，但英国人喜欢用大大的拥抱来问候彼此，有时我们还会亲吻亲戚或亲密的朋友来打招呼。 教材P75
(1) [解析] one another 代词，意为“互相”，在句中可作宾语，强调三者及以上的互动，
常用结构： help/ support/understand one another 为“互相帮助/支持/理解”。
> The members in the team should support and encourage one another.
团队成员应该相互支持和鼓励。
[辨析] one another each other
one another 意为“被此；互相”，书面语常用，侧重三者或三者以上之间的相互关系
each other 意为“互相”，更口语化，侧重两者之间的相互关系
[一言辨异]
Tom and Lily help each other with lessons, while the students in the class support one
another in group work.
汤姆和莉莉互相辅导功课，而班里的学生们在小组合作中互相支持。
[例] The three sisters often care for _____ when their parents are away.
A. one another B. each other C. herself D. other
(2) [解析] hug名词，意为“拥抱”，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，
固定结构：give sb. a hug意为“给某人一个拥抱”
get/receive a hug from sb. 意为“得到某人的拥抱”
> He gave his best friend a big hug before leaving.
离开前，他给了最好的朋友一个大大的拥抱。
[拓展] hug作动词，意为“拥抱”，后可直接跟人或物作宾语，表示“拥抱某人/某物”。
> The little girl hugged her teddy bear to sleep. 小女孩抱着她的泰迪熊睡着了。
Say how tasty the food is to show that you are enjoying the meal.
说一下食物有多么美味，以表明你很享受这顿饭。 教材P75
[解析] tasty 形容词，意为“美味的，可口的”。同义词为delicious
常用结构： tasty food意“美味的食物”， taste tasty意为“尝起来”
> My mum cooked a tasty dinner for the family. 妈妈为家人做了一顿美味的晚餐。
> The strawberries from the farm are very tasty. 农场的草莓非常美味。
[拓展] taste动词，意为“品尝；尝起来”。 taste可作名词，意为“味道；滋味”。
> The soup tastes salty. 这汤尝起来是成的。
> I don't like the taste of coffee. 我不喜欢咖啡的味道。
[例] - These cookies are ______! Can I _____ have another one
- Sure. Help yourself!
A. fresh B. tasty C. terrible D. bright
7. Do not rush your meal unless you have to leave in a hurry.
除非你必须匆忙离开，否则不要匆忙吃饭。 教材P75
(1) [解析] rush 动词，意为“急促；仓促行事”。
在句中作谓语，后可直接跟宾语(如作业、饭、决定等),强调“因时间紧而快速做”，固定结构: rush to do sth.意为“匆忙做某事”。
> Don't rush your decision—think carefully. 别仓促做决定--仔细想想。
> We rushed our breakfast and went to school. 我们匆勿吃完早饭就去上学了。
[拓展] rush作动词，还意为“冲，涌：催促”等。
> The children rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang.
铃声一响，孩子们就冲出了教室。
> My mum always rushes me into finishing my homework.妈妈总是催促我完成作业。
rush作名词，意为“匆忙；仓促；冲；奔；特别忙碌的时期”等。
> I'm in a rush—I have to catch the bus. 我很匆忙,我得赶公共汽车。
(2) [解析] unless连词，意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句，为否定条件，
即“主句发生的前提是从句条件不成立”。
主句用一般将来时、祈使句或情态动词句，从句用一般现在时表将来.
> I will call you unless I have something important to do.
除非我有重要的事要做,否则我会给你打电话。
> We can't go out to play unless the rain stops. 除非雨停了，否则我们不能出去玩。
[拓展] unless相当于“if... not",固定句型构：
主句+unless +从句(肯定形式)=主句+if +从句(否定形式).
> You will fail the exam unless you study hard.
= You will fail the exam if you don't study hard.
除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
[注意] 若unless引导的从句在主句前，需用逗号隔开，强调条件。
> Unless we leave now, we will miss the bus.
除非我们现在就走，否则会赶不上公共汽车。
[例] Many people believe we will face serous problems _______ we take action to change the way we live.
but B. though C. unless D. until
3. When you are about to leave, say "thank you." 当你要离开时，说一声“谢谢”。教材P75
[解析] be about to意为“即将，正要”，在句中做谓语，表动作状态，
固定结构： be about to do sth.意为“正要做某事”，
只用于一般现在时(am/is/are)和一般过去时(was/were),无来时(不用will be about to).
> The train is about to leave-please hurry up!火车马上就要开了—请快点!
> The teacher was about to explain the problem when the bell rang.
老师正要讲解这道题，铃声响了。
[注意]be about to后必须接动词原形，不能接v.-ing或名词，
be动词需根据主语人称和时态变化。
[辨析] be about to do与be going to do
be about to do 强调“瞬间(即将、马上)之后发生”， 动作发生在极短时间内(几秒/几分钟后),无时间状语，无明确依据
be going to do 强调“计划中有迹象或预兆将要发生“(近期内，可能几小时/几天), 可接时间状语
> He is about to speak-be quiet. 他正要说话-安静点。
> Look at the dark clouds—it's going to rain. 看乌云--要下雨了
【写作】写一篇关于某类良好礼仪文化的文章
话题分析
本单元的话题是“良好礼仪”， Integration综合部分要求写一篇关于某类良好礼仪文化
的文章。写作时首先要交代主题，即某方面的良好礼仪；接下来具体叙述礼仪规则的各
方面细节，最后交代良好礼仪的目的和希望，用尊重换尊重，促进和谐交往。
注意写作时按照“总一分一总”的结构，时态以一般现在时为主。
1.常用写作短语
(1) know some manners in different cultures 了解不同文化中的一些礼仪
(2) greet each other 互相问候
(3) shake hands 握手
(4) show your thanks by doing sth. 通过做某事来表达你的感谢
(5) be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌
(6) keep your mouth closed 闭上你的嘴巴
(7) show respect for others 向他人表示尊重
(8) follow these rules 遵守这些规则
2.常用写作句型
(1)... manners are important in China.
(2) When you ... you should/should not ...
(3) Do not ...
(4) It is polite/ not polite to ...
(5) Try to ...
(6) This will show... Don’t forget to/
(7) When you remember to ...
(8) Good manners make it possible for you to ...
一、词语运用
A)根据中文提示写出单词。
1. Tom has described what he saw during his stay in France _______________(耐心地).
2. _______________(礼貌) helps us get along well with classmates and with others respect easily.
3. When I got home, I ______________(意识到) I left my key at school.
4. We should always __________(表现) well in public places to show our good manners to others.
5. We should never __________(挤开) others to get on the bus, or someone may fall down easily.
B)根据句意，用括号中单词的正确形式填空。
1. Friends should communicate _______________ (open) with one another to solve problems
between them.
2. No decisions have been reached since the plan is still under __________________(discuss).
3. My mother ______________(praise) me several times since I started to help with housework every weekend.
4. Everyone in our class is _______________(please) that we won first prize in the school's group activity.
5. - Mr Wu. how soon will the swimming pool in our school be open to us students
- Oh. I'm afraid it's still too early _____________(talk) about that.
二、单项选择
1. Mind your ______, Linda. It's not polite to make a loud noise at the dinner table.
A. methods B. materials C. mysteries D. manners.
2. - Why didn't you ______ Lucy’s message She's been waiting for your response all morning.
- I'm sorry. I was busy preparing for the speech contest and totally forgot about it. I'll reply to her immediately.
A. Reply B. reply to C. answer for D. reply with
3. - _______ are easily made, but not easily kept.
- That's true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.
A. Speeches B. Decisions C. Promises D. Suggestions
4. Mr Deng used to _______ to work, but now he is used to _______ to work by bike.
A. drive: go B. driving: go C. drive; going D. driving; going
5. - Now I'm used to getting up ________ to read English for half an hour every day.
- What a good habit you have!
A. early enough B. late enough C. too early D. too late
6. - _______ some extra money is found, the library will close.
- Don’t worry. The government is giving a hand.
A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. As
三、阅读短文。在文中空白处填入一个适当的单词，或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Now more and more people would like to visit Xizang. What manners should you learn about if you visit a Xizang family
When you enter the house, don't walk on the doorsill(门槛) 1.____________ Xizang people see it as unlucky. In some 2.__________________(situation), you need to sit cross-legged. Make sure your soles(鞋底) won't face the family members, What's more, be sure to avoid 3. ________________(touch) their heads. It's not polite.
If you call a family member by name, add "la" at the end. This will make him or her 4. ___________(feel) closer to you. Xizang people are warm and friendly. For them, sticking out the tongue(伸出舌头) is a way 5.________________(show) respect for others. If they put their palms (手掌) together, it means they are sending their best wishes to you. Don't be 6.______________(surprise) at these actions.
Hada, the white scarf, stands good luck in Xizang. Offering it is the 8.___________(high) form of
etiquette (礼节) among Xizang people. When you receive one, you should accept it 9._____________(polite) by bending your body and using both hands. Wish all of you 10.____________ good time in the Xizang family!
四、阅读理解
China has long been known as a nation of etiquette (礼仪之邦), Chinese people behave politely on any formal occasion, whether it is a wedding ceremony, a celebration party, or a banquet (宴会). The following basic Chinese table manners will help you generally master Chinese dinner manners.
One clear difference between Western and Eastern dining habits is the portion(一份) size. While meals in Western restaurants are sized for individuals (个人), dishes offered in Chinese restaurants are meant to be shared. As such, food either comes in bite-sized pieces, or is prepared in a way that makes it easy to portion(分配) while being served to you on large plates.
As meals are shared, one may care
out the degree of sanitation(卫生). It's common to find communal chopsticks (公筷) placed with each dish. It is good manners to use the communal utensils in a public setting.
You may also notice that tables, especially those in larger dining rooms, are round and have a lazy Susan [more commonly known as "that rotating (旋转的) table on top of your table"]. Besides
efficiency (效率) purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity(团结) and presents dining as an event where family members get together. Before you spin the turntable to get to that delicious piece of duck, make sure that no one else is reaching for food! It's impolite to spin the table just as someone is trying to pick up some food.
As mentioned above, Chinese restaurants often use round tables. In Western cultures, the host or the eldest family member often sits at the head of a long table. But what happens when the table is round
At a round table, the seat of honour (上座) is the one facing the door. The closer you are sitting next to that seat, the more important you are. In a setting where there is no doorway-outdoor dining, for example—the seat of honour would be the one facing east. In a banquet environment,
the table of honour is usually the one sitting farthest away from the door.
The time at which the dining begins depends on the presence of party members. The suitable time to dig in is after the guest of honour, or the eldest member of the group, is seated and has begun their meal. Sometimes they will mean the start of a meal, by saying "吃吧" which means "Please eat".
1. What should we do if we have meals in a public setting
A. Bring your own chopsticks from home.
B. Use communal chopsticks to get food.
C. Use your own chopsticks to share food.
D. Share the food with others' chopsticks
2. What does the underlined word "spin" in the passage mean
A. Turn around. B. Pull nearer. C. Pick up. D. Move away.
3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A. Why is the table round . B. How can you find a seat .
C. Which is the seat of honour D. Who is the most important
4. How does the writer organize the article.
A. In time order. B. From specific to general.
C. In space order. D. From general to specific.
五、书面表达
人无礼则不立，请以“How to be person with good manners"为题，根据以下要点为学校的英语演讲比赛写一篇演讲稿：
公共场合礼仪：轻声细语，排队等，
餐桌礼仪：(自拟至少2点)
校园礼仪：(自拟至少2点)。
要求：
1.要点齐全、条理清楚、表达准确、语句通顺、意思连贯；
2.适当发挥，80字左右，短文开头和结尾已给出，不计入总数；
3.短文中不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。
How to be a person with good manners
As the saying goes, "Manners make the man."A person with good manner behaves politely. As teenagers, what should we do to show good manners
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Let’s practise good manners to ourselves better people!
参考答案：
一、A) 1. patiently 2. Politeness 3. realized 4. behave 5. push
B) 1. openly 2. discussion 3. has praised 4. pleased 5. to talk
二、1. D 句意，注意规矩，琳达，在餐桌上大声喧哗是不礼貌的。 method方法： material材料， mystery神秘的事物； manners礼貌，礼仪，根据“It's not polite to make a loud noise at the dinner table, "可知，在餐桌上大声喧哗是不礼貌的，要注意规矩。
2. B句意，“你为什么不同复露西的消息 她一上午都在等你的答复。“对不起，我忙着准备演讲比赛，完全把这事忘了，我马上就回复她。”reply to符合-回复某人的消息”的固定搭配，语义和诺法均正确。
3. C句意：“承诺很容易做出，但却不容易信守。”“这是 真的，一旦你许下一个(承诺),一定要坚守它。“ speech 演讲， decision决定， promise承诺，诺言， suggestion建议，根据句意可知， promise符合语境，其他选项语意不通。 make promises做出承诺。
4. C句意：邓先生过去常常开车上班，但现在他习惯骑自行车去上班。 used to do sth.过去常常做某事； be used to doing sth.习惯做某事，根据“Mr Dxng used to.... to work, but now he is used to... to work by bike, "可知，此处第一空是指过去常常开车，第二空是指现在习惯骑自
行车。
5. A句意，“现在我习惯了每天起得足够早，读半个小时英语。“你有一个多么好的习惯啊!" early enough足够早， late enough足够晚， too early太早，通常含否定意味；too late太晚，根据“What a good habit you have!"可知此处是积极的表述，指起床早来读英语。
6.A句意：“除非弄到一热额外的钱，否则图书馆将关闭。”“不要担心，政府正在伸出援手。” unless除非；although尽管； since 自从，既然： as由于，根据句意可知,除非弄到一些额外的钱，否则图书馆将关闭，因此选unless引导条件状语从句。
三、1. because 2. situations 3. touching 4. feel 5. to sow
6. surprised 7. for 8. highest 9. politely 10. a
四。1. B 细节理解题，根据第三段“As meals are shared, one may care about the degree of sanitation. It’s common to find communal chopsticks placed with each dish. It is good manners to use the communal utensils in a public setting. "可知，如果我们在公共场所用餐，我们该用公用筷子取食物。
2.A词义猜测题，根据画线词所在句及上文中that rotating table on top of your table可知。 spin意为“转动”。
3. A段落大意题。通读第四段并根据“Besides efficiency purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity and presents dining as an event where family members get together, "可知，第四段的主要思想是“为什么桌子是圆的 ".
4. D推理判断题。通读全文可知，这篇短文主要介绍了中国的餐桌礼仪。中国人在正式场合下举止得体，无论是在婚礼、庆祝派对还是宴会。中国餐桌礼仪的基本规则包括共享餐食、使用公共餐具和尊重座位次序等，作者是从概括到具体来组织文章的。
五、 One possible version:
How to be a person with good manners
As the saying goes, "Manners make the man. " A person with good manners behaves politely. As teenagers, what should we do to show good manners
Above all, when in public places, its polite of us to keep our voice down. We should be patient enough to queue for our turns.
What's more, it' s important for us to have good table manners. When we are sitting at the table, we should not start eating until everyone is ready. It's polite to wait for everyone to finish before we leave the table.
At school, we must follow all the school rules. It's a good habit to greet teachers with a warm smile. We should respect our classmates.
Let’s practise good manners to make ourselves better people!
重要短语句型：
遵守交通规则 _____________________________________________
准时 ________________________________
一起，同时 _____________________________________________
用“您”来称呼别人 _______________________________________
公开接受称赞 _____________________________________________
以防万一 _____________________________________________
尽管，即使 _____________________________________________
与...表现得不一样 _____________________________________________
用大大的拥抱来问候彼此 _____________________________________________
向某人致以祝贺 ______________________________________
使某人感到宾至如归 ______________________________________
信守诺言 ______________________________________
即将，正要（做某事） ________________________________
拒绝做某事 ________________________________
习惯于做某事 ______________________________________
挡住...的路 ______________________________________
对某人表示礼貌与尊重 ______________________________________
高兴做某事 ___________________________________
首先，尊敬你的老师是很重要的。
_______________________________________________________________________________
我的中国朋友很友好，让我感到宾至如归，但我也注意到了一些有趣的礼节方面的差异。
_______________________________________________________________________________
我还发现，在称赞方面，中国人和英国人表现得不一样。
_______________________________________________________________________________
他们太谦虚了，不好意思公开接受称赞。
_______________________________________________________________________________
刚开始要适应这些差异时会有点困难。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Welcome to the unit
1. Drop litter 乱扔垃圾 教材P65
[解析] litter 不可数名词，意为“垃圾”。
常用结构： pick up litter意为“捡垃圾” litter bin 意为“垃圾桶”
> Litter is harmful to the environment. 垃圾对环境有害。
> People will be fined for dropping litter. 人们将因乱扔垃圾而被罚款。
[拓展] litter作动词，意为“乱扔；使凌乱”
> The floor was littered with newspapers. 地板上乱七八槽扔了许多报纸。
2. leave the tap running 让水龙头一直开着 教材P65
[解析] 此短语"leave+宾语+宾语补足语(现在分词)"结构，意为“让...持续发生某动作”。如： leave the machine working让机器一直运转 leave him waiting让他一直等着
[拓展]此固定结构中宾语补足语还可用形容词、副词、介词短语等，
即"leave+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词/副词/介词短语等)".如：
leave the door open让门开着 leave the kids in the garden让孩子们待在花园里
leave the TV on it电视开着
3. Congratulations. Shirley. 祝贺你，雪莉。 教材P65
[解析] congratulations 复数名词，意为“祝贺”，在句中可作主语、宾语等，
可单独使用，表口头祝贺，固定结构：
offer/send/express congratulations to sb. 意为“向某人致以/表示祝贺”
congratulations on sth. 意为“因某事而祝贺”
> He sent congratulations to his best friend after knowing the wedding news.
得知婚礼消息后，他向最好的期友发去了祝贺。
> I offer my sincere congratulations on your success. 我衷心祝贺你的成功。
[拓展] congratulate 动词，意为“祝贺”，固定结构：
congratulate sb. on sth. /doing sth. 意为“因某事/做某事祝贺某人”。
> I want to congratulate you on passing the exam.我想祝贺你通过了考试。
[例] - I've got the champion in the School Top 10 Singers Competition! -_______
A. Congratulations! B. Cheer up! C. Good luck! D. Have a good time!
4. And don't forget to return to class on time. 还有，别忘了准时回教室。 教材P65
[解析] on time 介词短语，意为“准时”，在句中作状语，说明动作发生的时间状态。
>The conference started exactly on time at 9 a.m. 会议上午9点整准时开始。
> The train on time reached the destination. 火车准时抵达了目的地。
[辨析] on time in time
on time:意为“准时”，强调“按规定时间，不迟到”，
用于上班、开会、交作业等需守时的场景
in time:意为“及时”，强调“及时，赶在关键时之前”，
用于救火、救人、赶上车(未迟到)、弥补错误等
[一言辨异]
The meeting started on time, and luckily I got there in time to hear the opening speech.
会议准时开始，而且我幸运地及时赶到，听到开幕致辞。
Reading
1. For example, they normally use nin to address others in a formal situation.
比如，在正式场合，他们通常用“您”来称呼别人。 教材P66
[解析] address 动词，意为“称呼(某人)”,在 句中作谓语，后可直接跟宾语，
用于正式场合，强调规范性或礼貌性，固定结构：
"address sb. as+头衔/称谓" 意为“以……(头衔/称谓)称呼某人”
> She always addresses her elders with respect. 她对长辈总是称呼得很恭敬。
> He addressed her as "Professor". 他称呼她为“教授”。
[拓展]
address作动词，还意为“处理；演讲“。
> We need to address this problem at once. 我们需要立即处理这个问题。
(2) address作名词，意为“地址”。
> The address of the new library is easy to find. 新图书馆的地址很好找。
2. If you want to show politeness an respect for others, you can't go wrong with nin.
如果你想对他人表示礼貌和尊重，用"您"准错不了。 教材P66
[解析] politeness 名词，意为“礼貌”，是描述行为举止的抽象名词，常用结构：
good/ great/perfect politeness 意为“极好的礼貌”
little/ no politeness 意为“没礼貌”
> Politeness is important in social communication. 礼貌在社交中很重要。
> The child was praised for her politeness towards the teacher.
这个孩子因对老师有礼貌而受到表扬。
[拓展]
(1) polite 形容词，意为“有礼貌的”，反义词impolite.
> She is always polite to her neighbours. 她对邻居总是很有礼貌。
(2) politely 副词，意为“有礼貌地”，反义词 impolitely.
> He asked politely if he could leave early. 他礼貌地询问能否提前离开。
3. I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently from the British when it comes to praise.
我还发现，在称赞方面，中国人和英国人表现得不一样。 教材P66
(1) [解析] realize 动词，意为“意识到”，在句中作谓语，
后可直接跟名词、代词、从句等作英语。
> She realized the importance of learning English. 她认识到学英语的重要性。
> We realized that we were late for the train. 我们意识到赶不上火车了。
[拓展] realize还可构成固定结构“realize+疑问词+不定式”。
> She realized how to solve the problem. 她意识到如何解决这个问题。
(2) [解析] behave 动词，意为“表现”，此句中为不及物动词，
常用结构： behave well/ badly 意为“表现好/差”
> She behaves well in class. 她在课堂上表现很好。
> He behaved calmly in the emergency. 他在紧急情况下表现冷静。
[拓展] behave作及物动词，意为“使举止得体；守规矩”
behave oneself 意为“守规矩； 举止得体”。
> I hope you'll behave yourselves during the trip.希望你们在旅行中守规矩。behaviour 名词，意为“行为；举止”。
> His behaviour at the meeting was unacceptable.
他在会议上的表现不可接受。
[例] - I'm going to France next month. Could you give me some advice
- Sure. Do as the Romans do. You'll know how to _____ yourself by following local people.
A. behave B. develop C. treat D. support
(3) [解析] differently 副词，意为“不同地”。在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，说明动作的方式、状态的差异。
> She thinks differently from her brother. 她的想法和她哥哥不一样。
> The two paintings ore differently beautiful. 这两幅画美得各有千秋。
[拓展] different 形容词，意为“不同的”，反义词same.
> These two books are different in content. 这两本书内容不同。
difference 名词，意为“差异；不同之处”。
> There are many differences between the two cultures.
这两种文化有很多差异。
differ 动词，意为“不同于；相异”。
> These two regions differ greatly in climate. 这两个地区气候差异很大。
(4)[解析] praise 名词，意为“称赞，赞美”。
固定结构： give praise to sb. /sth. 意为“赞美某人/某物“。
> Praise can encourage children to learn better. 表扬能鼓励孩子学得更好。
> She received a lot of praise for her performance. 她因表现出色获得了很多赞关。
[拓展] praise动词，意为“称赞，赞美”，在句作谓语，后可直接跟宾语(人、行为、事物),固定结构：praise sth. (as...) 意为“称赞某物” as后接赞美的内容
praise sb. for sth. /doing sth. 意为“因某事/做某事表扬某人”
> Everyone praised the beauty of the park. 所有人都赞美这座公园的关丽。
> The teacher praised her for her hard work. 老师因地努力而表扬了她。
[例] -A kindergarten teacher was _____ for her brave act of using Heimlich maneuver(海姆立克急救法) to save a student's life.
- How brave and wise! We should learn from her.
A. presented B. provided C. praised D. practised
4. If someone says my Chinese is good. I'll be pleased and tell them I love learning the language.
如果有人说我的中文好，我会很高兴，并告诉他们我喜欢学习这门语言 教材P66
[解析] pleased形容词，意为“高兴”，在句中可作定语或表语，
仅用于描述人，不能修饰事物，固定结构：
be pleased with sb. /sth. 意为“对某人/某物感到满意”；
be pleased to do sth. 意为“高兴做某事”，
be pleased + that 从句 意为“因...而高兴”。
> Parents are pleased with their children's progress. 父母对孩子的进步感到满意。
> I'm pleased to accept your invitation. 我很乐意接受你的邀请。
> We were pleased that the project was completed on time. 我们因项目按时完成而高兴。
[拓展] please 动词，意为“使高兴；使满意”。
> Your success pleases me. 你的成功让我很高兴。
pleasure 名词，意为“愉快；乐趣；乐事”。
> It's a pleasure to meet you. 很高兴认识你。
pleasant 形容词，意为“令人愉快的”。
> We spent d pleasant afternoon chatting in the garden.
我们在花园里聊天，度过了一个愉快的下午。
[辨析] pleased与pleasant
pleased 形容词，意为“(人)感到满意的、高兴的”，常与with/at/to do/that搭配
pleasant 形容词，意为“(事物)令人愉快的、宜人的”，直接修饰名词(天气、声音、经历等)
[一言辨异]
I’m pleased with the pleasant evening. 我对这个愉快的夜晚感到满意。
[例] - Our class won first prize in the school English play competition!
- Really 1'm so ______ to hear that. You all practised so hard for months.
A. angry B. pleased C. bored D. surprised
5. But when I praise my Chinese friends, instead of saying "thank you", they often smile and reply, "Nali, nali. " 教材P66
但当我称赞我的中国朋友时，他们往往不会说“谢谢你” ,而是微笑着回答：“哪里，哪里。”
[解析] reply 动词，意为“回答，答复”，在句中作谓语，作不及物动词，需加介词接宾语。
reply to sb./ sth. 回答某人/回应某事 reply with sth. 用某物/某种方式回应
> She replied to my letter yesterday. She said "Yes!" 她昨天回复了我的信。
> She replied with a nod.她点头回应。
[拓展] reply作名词，意为“回答，答复”，
固定结构： make/give a reply to sb. /sth. 意为“对某人/某事作出答复”。
> I'm waiting for your reply. 我在等你的回复。
[辨析] reply与answer
reply 多作不及物动词，意为“回答，答复”，较正式，侧重“回应”(尤其书面或对话), 常用于回复信件、邮件、话语等
answer 可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“回答”，更口语化，侧重“解决/回应问题”， 常用于回答问题、电话、门铃等
[一言辨异]
He answered the phone and replied to the caller's question.他接了电话，并回复了来电者的问题。
[例] - Tom, did you _____ the email our teacher sent yesterday about the upcoming exam
- Of course! The teacher has already got my confirmation.
A. reply to B. answer to C. reply D. answer with
6. They are too modest to accept praise openly.
他们太谦虚了，不好意思公开接受称费。 教材P66
[解析] openly 副词，意为“公开地，毫不隐瞒地”，在句中作状语，
修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，说明动作的方式或态度的特点，常用结构： openly support意为“公开支持”。
> The two leaders openly discussed their differences during the meeting.
两位领导人在会议中公开讨论了他们的分歧。
> She was openly hostile to the new plan. 她对新计划公然持反对态度。
[拓展] open 动词，意为“打开；开启”。 open 可作形容词，意为“开放的；公开的”。
> Please open the window to let in air. 请打开窗户透透气。
> The park is open to visitors every day. 这个公园每天对游客开放。
7. One day. my host was nice enough to invite me to dinner. and he was so hospitable.
有一天，我的房东好心地邀请我共进晚餐，他非常热情好客。 教材P67
[解析] host名词，意为“主人”，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
> Our host prepared a very delicious meal for us. 我们的主人为我们准备了非常美味的饭菜。
> We thanked the host for his warm welcome. 我们感谢主人的热情欢迎。
[拓展] host作名词，还意为“主持人，东道主”。
host country/city意为“主办国/城市”，game show host意为“游戏节目主持人”。
> We all liked the funny host of the show. 我们都喜欢这个节目的搞笑主持人。
host作动词，意为“主办；主持”。
host a meeting/event/show意为“主持会议/举办动/主持节目”。
> Beijing hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics. 北京主办了2022年冬奥会。
> He has hosted the evening news for over 10 years.
他主持晚间新闻已有10多年了。
8. I ate so much because I was too polite to refuse!
我吃了太多，因为我不好意思拒绝! 教材P67
[解析] refuse 动词，意为“拒绝，回绝”，
在句中作谓语，后可直接跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。
refuse sth. 意为“拒绝某物/某事” refuse to do sth. 意为“拒绝做某事”
> He refused all offers of help. 他拒绝了所有的帮助捉议。
> The security guard refused to let us enter the building. 这个保安拒绝让我们进入大楼。
[例] - Are you gong to Jim's party
- Yes. It’s not polite to _______ invitation, right He is so kind and friendly.
A. refuse B. review C. return D. renew
9. It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences.
刚开始要适应这些差异有时会有点困难。 教材P67
[解析] get used to意为“习惯于’，相当于be used to,
其中to是介词，后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式作宾语。
固定结构"get/be used (doing) sth. "意为“习惯于(做)某事。”。
> Have you been used to the life here 你已经习惯了这里的生活吗
> He gets/is used to looking after himself. 他习惯于照顾他自己。
[辨析] used to do sth. get/ be used to doing be used to do sth.
used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”
get/be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词
be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，是use sth. to do sth.的被动语态形式
> He used to be a teacher in our school. 他曾经是我们学校的一位老师。
> The old man and his wife are used to living a simple life.
这位老人和他的妻子习惯于过简朴的生活。
> This computer is used to control all the machines. 这台电脑被用来控制所有的机器。
[例] I used to _____ at half past six. but now I am getting used to _____ at seven.
A. getting up; get up B. get up; getting up
C. got up; getting up D. got up; get up
Grammar
1. To enjoy world travel fully, avoid too much planning all at once.
为了充分享受环球旅行，避免一次性做太多计划。 教材P70
[解析] all at once 副词短语，意为“一起，同时”，
在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词，说明动作的发生方式或时间同步性。
> You can't do all these tasks all at once—take your time.你不能同时做所有这些任务--慢慢来。
> The children started singing all at once when the teacher came in.
老师进来时，孩子们一起开始唱歌。
[拓展] all at once还意为“突然；猛地”
> The lights went out all at once, and the room became dark.灯突然熄灭了，房间陷入一片黑暗。
2. Don't jump the line. 不要插队。 教材P70
[解析] jump the line 动词短语，意为“插队”
相当于jump the queue (英式英语)或cut in line(美式口语),
在句中作谓语，后可接介词短语等补充语境。
> Students shouldn't jump the line in the library. 学生不该在图书馆插队。
> He jumped the line to buy the limited tickets. 他插队是为了买限量门票。
3. Don't talk too loudly. 不要太大声说话。 教材P70
[解析] loudly 副词，意为“大声地；吵闹地”，在句中作状语，修饰动词或整个句子，
有“不礼貌”的隐含意味，位置较灵活，常用结构：
speak/ talk/laugh/shout/sing/cry loudly 意为“大声说/交谈/笑/喊/唱/哭”。
> He laughed loudly when he heard the joke. 他听到笑话后大声笑了。
> Don't shout loudly in public places—it's bad manners.
别在公共场所高声大喊--这是不礼貌的。
[拓展] loud 形容词，意为“大声的；响亮的” loud music意为“嘈杂的音乐”。
> She has a loud voice, so everyone in the classroom can hear her clearly.
她的声音洪亮，所以教室里的每个人都能听清。
[辨析] loudly、 loud与aloud
loudly 副词，作状语，意为“大声地；吵闹地”，指声音大(喧闹、影响他人), 常与speak, talk, laugh, shout, sing, cry等连用
loud 形容词，作定语或表语，意为“大声的；响亮的；喧闹的”， 指声音音量高、易听见
副词，作状语，意为“大声地：响亮地”，强调“声音大”， 无明显褒贬，更口语化，常与speak, talk, laugh, shout等连用 (同loudly,但更简洁)
aloud 副词，作状语，意为“出声地；大声地“，强调“出声地” (表“打破沉默/默读，发出声音”),不侧重音量大小， 常与read, think, say, call等连用
[一言辨异]
She read the poem aloud in a loud voice, but her brother spoke too loudly and disturbed her.
她出声朗读诗歌，声音洪亮，但她弟弟说话太吵，打扰了她。
[例] If I don't talk ________, my old mother can't hear me.
A. quickly B. loudly C. suddenly D. quietly
4. Don't walk too fast in case you run into someone. 走路不要太快，以免撞到人。 教材P70
[解析] in case意为“以防万一”，引导目的状语从句，表示“避免不好的结果”，固定结构:
主句+ in case +从句(从句用一般现在时表将来).
> She left early in case she was late for the meeting. 她早早动身，免得开会迟到。
> You'd better lock the door in case someone breaks in. 你最好锁上门，以防有人闯入。
[拓展] in case of,介词短语，意为“万一；假如”,后接名词、代词或动名词，不可接从句。
> In case of trouble, call me. 万一遇到麻烦，给我打电话。
5. Also, they are too kind to push past you when you are in their way.
而且，当你挡住他们的路时，他们非常友善，不会推开你。 教材P71
(1)[解析] push 动词，意为“挤开；推动”，在句中作谓语，
此句中是不及物动词，后可接介词短语。常用短语：
push against the wall靠墙推 push in 插队 push forward继续前进
> The little boy pushed hard, but the box didn't move.小男孩用力推，但箱子没动。
> They pushed against the wall to keep balance. 他们靠着墙推以保持平衡。
[拓展] push作及物动词，后可直接跟人或物作宾语。
> She pushed the door open and walked in. 她推开门走了进去。
push的反义词为pull,意为“拉，拖”。
> Don't pull my hair! 别扯我的头发!
(2) [解析] past 介词，意为“在另一边，到另一侧”，构成的介词短语在句中作状语，
常与表示“移动”的动词walk, drive, go等连用。
> A red car drove past us just now. 刚才一辆红色汽车从我们身边开过。
> We walked past the park on our way to school. 我们上学路上经过了公园。
[拓展] past作介词，还意为“晚于(时间); 超过；在...之后”。
> Angie is past 70, but she still works hard. Angie已经年过70,但仍然努力工作。
> It's past 9 o'clock-we should go to bed. 已经过了9点了--我们该睡觉了。
past作形容词，意为“过去的；昔日的”。
> In the past few years, our city has changed a lot.
在过去的几年里，我们的城市变化很大。
past作名词，意为“过去；往事”。
> We cant change the past, but we can improve the future.
我们无法改变过去，但可以改善未来。
(3) [解析] in one's way 介词短语，意为“挡着...的路”，
其中one's可以是形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
in my way挡我的路 in the teacher's way挡老师的路
> Could you move You're in my way - I can't get to the door.
你能挪一下吗 你挡我路了，我到不了门口。
> The desk is in his way, so he moves it to the corner.
桌子挡了他的路，所以他把它撤到了角落。
[链接]由way构成的固定短语：
on one's way to ... 在某人去...的路上 lose one's way迷路
find one's way找到路；设法到达 in one's way以某人的方式
in this/that way用这那种方式 by the way顺便说一下；顺便问一下
in some ways在某些方面 all the way一直；从头到尾
the way to do sth. /the way of doing sth. 做某事的方法 no way不行；没门
[例] In Britain, people won't touch you or push past you if you’re ______.
A. on their way B. in their way C. by the way D. in this way
6. join the discussion 加入讨论 教材P72
[解析] discussion 名词，意为“讨论”。固定结构：
have/hold a discussion (with sb.) about/on sth. 意为“(和某人)讨论关于某事”
join in/take part in a discussion 意为“参与讨论”
> Let's have a discussion about the problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题吧。
> Will you join us in the discussion 你会加入我们的讨论吗
[拓展] discuss 动词，意为“谈论，讨论”。固定结构：
discuss sth. with sb.意为“和某人讨论某事”。
> They are discussing when to have a sports meeting. 他们正在讨论什么时候开运动会。
7. He would never lie or cheat. 他从不说谎，也不欺骗。 教材P72
[解析] cheat 动词，意为“欺骗”，在句中作谓语。
若作及物动词，后直接跟宾语，作不及物动词，后可接介词短语。固定结构： cheat sb. out of sth.意为“(尤指用不诚实或不正当的手段)阻止某人得到某物”
cheat in the exam意为“考试作弊” cheat in sth.意为“在某事中作弊”
> Don't cheat your parents-they care about you. 别欺骗你的父母--他们是关心你的。
> It's wrong to cheat in exams—you should be honest. 考试作弊是不对的-你应该诚实。
[拓展] cheat作名词，意为“欺骗手段；作弊；骗子”
> He is a cheat-he never keeps his promises. 他是个骗子--他从不守承诺。
> Be careful of online cheats that ask for your personal information.
小心索要个人信息的网络骗子。
8. If he promised others something, he always kept his word.
如果他答应别人什么事，他总是信守诺言。 教材P72
[解析] promise 动词，意为“承诺，许诺”，在句中作谓语，后面可直接跟人或物作宾语
固定结构： promise sb. sth. = promise sth.sb. 意为“承诺给某人某物”
promise (not) to do sth. 意为“承诺(不)做某事”。
> My parents promised me a new bike as a birthday gift.
父母答应送我一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。
> I promise to help you with your homework after school. 我答应放学后帮你辅导作业。
[拓展] promise作名词，意为“承诺；诺言”，固定结构：
make/keep/break a promise意为“许下/信守/违背承诺”
> Keeping promises is a sign of good manners. 遵守承诺是良好礼仪的体现。
[例] I'm sorry I left my dictionary at home. I will bring it here tomorrow. I _____!
A. regret B. return C. promise. D. practise
9. He was too honest to take others' things, even though no one knew who owned the pear tree.
他太诚实，不肯拿别人的东西，尽管没人知道这棵梨树的主人是谁。 教材P72
(1) [解析] even though 连词短语，意为“尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句，
从句与主句形成转折关系。其同义词有even if, although, though.
> Even though he is young, he knows a lot about history.
尽管他年纪小，但他懂很多历史知识。
> She went to school even though she had a cold.
即使她感冒了，还是去上学了。
[注意]even though与but不能同时用在一个句子中。
> Even though he is poor, but he is happy. (错误,不可加but)
正确： Even though he is poor, he is happy. 尽管他很穷，但他很快乐。
[例] I will never forget that car accident ______ it happened so long ago.
A. until B. if C. even though D. so
(2) [解析] own 动词，意为“拥有”，在句中作谓语，后面可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。
固定结构： own sth. 意为“拥有某物”
> Do you own a smartphone 你有智能手机吗
> My parents own a small shop in the street. 我父母在街上拥有一家小店。
[拓展] own作形容词，意为“自己的”。固定结构：
on one's own = by oneself 独自；靠自己 of one's own 属于某人自己的
> He wants to buy his own car when he grows up.
他长大后想买一辆属于自己的汽车。
> This book is my own-I bought it last year. 这本书是我自己的--我去年买的。
owner 名词，意为“所有者，主人”。
> The owner of the dog is looking for it everywhere.这只狗的主人正在到处找它。
Grammar 动词不定式
1.enough和enough to的用法
(1) enough作形容词，意为“足够的，充足的”，可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，
但必须放在被修饰的名词前，即"enough +名词(可数名词复数/不可数名词)"
> There are enough chairs for everyone. 有足够的椅子给每个人。
> We have enough time to finish the homework. 我们有足够的时间完成作业。
(2) enough to意为“足够...去...”
英语中可以用“be +形容词+enough+to do sth."的结构来描述一个人的品质和能力，
表示“足够...能做某事”，其中enough 作副词，放在后面，修饰前面的形容词。
> The movie is interesting enough. 这部电影足够有趣。
> He runs fast enough to catch the bus. 他跑得足够快，能赶上公共汽车。
> She is old enough to dress herself. 她的年龄足够大了，可以自己穿衣服了。
[注意]若enough前出现了否定词，则不仅否定了enough,还否定了其后的不定式。
> He was not strong enough to do the work. 他不够强壮，不能做这项工作。
[例]
1. Jack did well in the mid-term exam. He is always ______ to do everything well.
A. careful enough B. enough careful C. careless enough D. enough careless
2. I joined in the dancing to show that I am _____ to do something I m not good at.
A. brave enough B. shy enough C. too brave D. too shy
2. too和“too ... to"的用法
(1)too作副词，意为“太，过于，过度”
修饰形容词或副词，必须放在被修饰的形容词或副词前，即"too+形容词/副词(表程度)".
> The shirt is too small for me. 这件村杉对我来说太小了。
> He walks too slowly. We'll be late. 他走得太慢了。我们要迟到了。
[拓展]too作副词，还意为“也”，用于肯定句或疑问句末尾，相当于also.
> I like playing basketball, too. 我也喜欢打篮球。
> Can you speak French, too 你也会说法语吗
[注意]否定句中表示“也”用either,不用too.
> I don't like coffee, either. 我也不喜欢咖啡。
(2) "too... to"意为“太…而不能”。
用“be + too +形容词+to do sth."的结构来表达
因某个原因而没有完成某个动作或达到某种状态，表示“太……而不能做某事”，
若动词不定式后面的宾语是句子的主语，则不定式之后的宾语应该省略；
若动词不定式的动作执行者与整个句子的主语不是同一个人或物，
通常要在动词不定式前加上for sb. (动词不定式的逻辑主语).
> He is too ill to travel. 他病得太重，不能旅行。
> The story is too difficult for me to understand. 这个故事太难了，我理解不了。
[拓展]若含enough to的句子为否定句，则enough to结构可以转换为
"too ... to"或"so... that"结构。
转换后的"too ... to"结构中使用的形容词或副词是enough to结构中形容词或副词的反义词，而"so... that"结构中不但形容词或副词要用其相应的反义词，而且从句部分也要用否定句。
He is not old enough to do the work. = He is too young to do the work.
= He is so young that he can't do the work. 他年龄太小了，不能做这项工作。
[注意]
(1)在“too ... to"的结构中，如果句子的主语与后面的不定式有动宾关系，
且不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则应在该动词之后再加上适当的介词。
> The light is too weak to read by. 光线太暗，不能看书。
(2) "too ... to"结构和never一起使用时不表示否定。
> One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
[例]
1.- I can’t believe Andy has won first place! -Yes, sounds ______ to believe.
A. too good B. good enough C. so good D. quite good
2. You can never be _____ while dealing with your son. He is just a 5-year-old kid.
A. patient enough B. too patient C. too curious D. curious enough
3.他太矮了，够不到厨房的顶层架子。
He _______________________________________________________________________.
= He ______________________________________________________________________.
Integration
1. When the master woke up, he was moved to see the two students waiting in the deep snow.
夫子醒来后，看到两位学生在厚厚的积雪中等候，深受感动。 教材P73
[解析] move 动词，意为“使感动，打动”，在句中作谓语，后面可直接跟宾语。固定结构：
move sb. to tears 意为“使某人感动得流泪”
be moved by sb. /sth. 意为“被某人/某物感动”。
> The old man's experience moved us to tears. 老人的经历让我们感动得流泪。
> I was deeply moved by her kind words. 我被她温柔的话语深深打动了。
[拓展]
move作动词，还意为“移动；搬动；搬家；进展”等。
> She moved the book from the desk to the shelf. 她把书从桌子搬到了书架上。
> We will move to Beijing next month. 我们下个月要搬到北京去。
move作名词，意为“行动；改变；移动；搬家；迁移”等。
> Now we must plot our next move. 现在我们必须策划下一步行动了。
> The cat made a sudden move and caught the mouse. 那只猫突然一动，抓住了老鼠。
moving 形容词，意为“令人感动的”，修饰事或物；
moved 形容词，意为“感动的”，修饰人。
> It's a moving story about friendship. 这是一个关于友谊的感人故事。
> She was moved by the stranger's help. 她被陌生人的帮助感动了。
Chinese people like to sit in a circle in a restaurant because it is easy for big groups to talk and... 中国人喜欢在餐馆里围坐一圈，因为这样大群人可以方便地交谈以及… 教材P74
[解析] circle 名词，意为“圆圈”，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，
固定结构： in a circle 意为“围成一圈；呈圆形”。
> She drew a perfect circle on the paper with a pair of compasses.
她用一副圆规在纸上画了一个完美的圆。
> The children sat in a circle and played games. 孩子们围成一个圆圈做游戏。
[拓展]
circle作名词，还意为“圈子，阶层；循环”。
> She has a wide circle of colleagues. 她有广泛的同事圈子。
> We should respect the circle of nature. 我们应该尊重大自然的循环。
circle作动词，意为“围绕 画圈，圈出；转圈，盘旋”。
> Circle the key words in red. 用红笔图出关键词。
> The Moon circles around the Earth. 月球围绕地球运行。
[例] The students sat in a _____ and listened to the teacher in the centre carefully.
A. circle B. round C. group D. team
3. It is usually very peaceful inside because people have to...
博物馆里通常很安静，因为人们必须… 教材P74
[解析] peaceful 形容词，意为“安宁的，平静的”，在句中可作定语、表语或补语，
peaceful night意为“宁静的夜晚“； live a peaceful life意为“过着平静的生活”。
> We spent a peaceful weekend in the countryside. 我们在乡下度过了一个平静的周末。
> The lake is so peaceful at dawn. 黎明时分的湖面格外宁静。
[拓展]
peaceful作形容词，还意为“和平的；爱好和平的；平和的”。
> China is a peaceful country. 中国是一个爱好和平的国家。
peace 名词，意为“平静；和平”
> She found peace in reading. 她在阅读中找到平静。
peacefully 副词，意为“和平地；平静地”。
> She slept peacefully through the night. 她整晚都睡得很安稳。
[例] She likes to listen to ______________(peace) music before going to bed.
4. This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors.
这是非常不礼貌的，因为这会打扰其他参观者。 教材P74
[解析] trouble 动词，意为“麻烦；使烦恼；折磨”，在句中作谓语，后面可直接跟宾语，
固定结构： trouble sb. (to do sth. )意为“麻烦某人(做某事)".
> The noise from the next room troubled her a lot. 隔壁房间的噪声让她很烦恼。
> Could I trouble you to open the window 麻烦你开一下窗户好吗
[拓展] trouble作名词，意为“麻烦；烦恼；困难；问题”。
固定结构：get into/out of trouble意为“陷入/摆脱麻烦”
have trouble with sth.意为“在某方面有困难”
have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”
> His friend helped him get out of trouble. 他的朋友帮他摆脱了麻烦。
> We had trouble finding the way to the museum. 我们找不到去博物馆的路。
5. Chinese people sometimes greet each other by shaking hands. but British people like to greet one another with a big hug, and sometimes we greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.
中国人有时通过握手来打招呼，但英国人喜欢用大大的拥抱来问候彼此，有时我们还会亲吻亲戚或亲密的朋友来打招呼。 教材P75
(1) [解析] one another 代词，意为“互相”，在句中可作宾语，强调三者及以上的互动，
常用结构： help/ support/understand one another 为“互相帮助/支持/理解”。
> The members in the team should support and encourage one another.
团队成员应该相互支持和鼓励。
[辨析] one another each other
one another 意为“被此；互相”，书面语常用，侧重三者或三者以上之间的相互关系
each other 意为“互相”，更口语化，侧重两者之间的相互关系
[一言辨异]
Tom and Lily help each other with lessons, while the students in the class support one
another in group work.
汤姆和莉莉互相辅导功课，而班里的学生们在小组合作中互相支持。
[例] The three sisters often care for _____ when their parents are away.
A. one another B. each other C. herself D. other
(2) [解析] hug名词，意为“拥抱”，在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，
固定结构：give sb. a hug意为“给某人一个拥抱”
get/receive a hug from sb. 意为“得到某人的拥抱”
> He gave his best friend a big hug before leaving.
离开前，他给了最好的朋友一个大大的拥抱。
[拓展] hug作动词，意为“拥抱”，后可直接跟人或物作宾语，表示“拥抱某人/某物”。
> The little girl hugged her teddy bear to sleep. 小女孩抱着她的泰迪熊睡着了。
Say how tasty the food is to show that you are enjoying the meal.
说一下食物有多么美味，以表明你很享受这顿饭。 教材P75
[解析] tasty 形容词，意为“美味的，可口的”。同义词为delicious
常用结构： tasty food意“美味的食物”， taste tasty意为“尝起来”
> My mum cooked a tasty dinner for the family. 妈妈为家人做了一顿美味的晚餐。
> The strawberries from the farm are very tasty. 农场的草莓非常美味。
[拓展] taste动词，意为“品尝；尝起来”。 taste可作名词，意为“味道；滋味”。
> The soup tastes salty. 这汤尝起来是成的。
> I don't like the taste of coffee. 我不喜欢咖啡的味道。
[例] - These cookies are ______! Can I _____ have another one
- Sure. Help yourself!
A. fresh B. tasty C. terrible D. bright
7. Do not rush your meal unless you have to leave in a hurry.
除非你必须匆忙离开，否则不要匆忙吃饭。 教材P75
(1) [解析] rush 动词，意为“急促；仓促行事”。
在句中作谓语，后可直接跟宾语(如作业、饭、决定等),强调“因时间紧而快速做”，固定结构: rush to do sth.意为“匆忙做某事”。
> Don't rush your decision—think carefully. 别仓促做决定--仔细想想。
> We rushed our breakfast and went to school. 我们匆勿吃完早饭就去上学了。
[拓展] rush作动词，还意为“冲，涌：催促”等。
> The children rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang.
铃声一响，孩子们就冲出了教室。
> My mum always rushes me into finishing my homework.妈妈总是催促我完成作业。
rush作名词，意为“匆忙；仓促；冲；奔；特别忙碌的时期”等。
> I'm in a rush—I have to catch the bus. 我很匆忙,我得赶公共汽车。
(2) [解析] unless连词，意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句，为否定条件，
即“主句发生的前提是从句条件不成立”。
主句用一般将来时、祈使句或情态动词句，从句用一般现在时表将来.
> I will call you unless I have something important to do.
除非我有重要的事要做,否则我会给你打电话。
> We can't go out to play unless the rain stops. 除非雨停了，否则我们不能出去玩。
[拓展] unless相当于“if... not",固定句型构：
主句+unless +从句(肯定形式)=主句+if +从句(否定形式).
> You will fail the exam unless you study hard.
= You will fail the exam if you don't study hard.
除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
[注意] 若unless引导的从句在主句前，需用逗号隔开，强调条件。
> Unless we leave now, we will miss the bus.
除非我们现在就走，否则会赶不上公共汽车。
[例] Many people believe we will face serous problems _______ we take action to change the way we live.
but B. though C. unless D. until
3. When you are about to leave, say "thank you." 当你要离开时，说一声“谢谢”。教材P75
[解析] be about to意为“即将，正要”，在句中做谓语，表动作状态，
固定结构： be about to do sth.意为“正要做某事”，
只用于一般现在时(am/is/are)和一般过去时(was/were),无来时(不用will be about to).
> The train is about to leave-please hurry up!火车马上就要开了—请快点!
> The teacher was about to explain the problem when the bell rang.
老师正要讲解这道题，铃声响了。
[注意]be about to后必须接动词原形，不能接v.-ing或名词，
be动词需根据主语人称和时态变化。
[辨析] be about to do与be going to do
be about to do 强调“瞬间(即将、马上)之后发生”， 动作发生在极短时间内(几秒/几分钟后),无时间状语，无明确依据
be going to do 强调“计划中有迹象或预兆将要发生“(近期内，可能几小时/几天), 可接时间状语
> He is about to speak-be quiet. 他正要说话-安静点。
> Look at the dark clouds—it's going to rain. 看乌云--要下雨了
【写作】写一篇关于某类良好礼仪文化的文章
话题分析
本单元的话题是“良好礼仪”， Integration综合部分要求写一篇关于某类良好礼仪文化
的文章。写作时首先要交代主题，即某方面的良好礼仪；接下来具体叙述礼仪规则的各
方面细节，最后交代良好礼仪的目的和希望，用尊重换尊重，促进和谐交往。
注意写作时按照“总一分一总”的结构，时态以一般现在时为主。
1.常用写作短语
(1) know some manners in different cultures 了解不同文化中的一些礼仪
(2) greet each other 互相问候
(3) shake hands 握手
(4) show your thanks by doing sth. 通过做某事来表达你的感谢
(5) be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌
(6) keep your mouth closed 闭上你的嘴巴
(7) show respect for others 向他人表示尊重
(8) follow these rules 遵守这些规则
2.常用写作句型
(1)... manners are important in China.
(2) When you ... you should/should not ...
(3) Do not ...
(4) It is polite/ not polite to ...
(5) Try to ...
(6) This will show... Don’t forget to/
(7) When you remember to ...
(8) Good manners make it possible for you to ...
一、词语运用
A)根据中文提示写出单词。
1. Tom has described what he saw during his stay in France _______________(耐心地).
2. _______________(礼貌) helps us get along well with classmates and with others respect easily.
3. When I got home, I ______________(意识到) I left my key at school.
4. We should always __________(表现) well in public places to show our good manners to others.
5. We should never __________(挤开) others to get on the bus, or someone may fall down easily.
B)根据句意，用括号中单词的正确形式填空。
1. Friends should communicate _______________ (open) with one another to solve problems
between them.
2. No decisions have been reached since the plan is still under __________________(discuss).
3. My mother ______________(praise) me several times since I started to help with housework every weekend.
4. Everyone in our class is _______________(please) that we won first prize in the school's group activity.
5. - Mr Wu. how soon will the swimming pool in our school be open to us students
- Oh. I'm afraid it's still too early _____________(talk) about that.
二、单项选择
1. Mind your ______, Linda. It's not polite to make a loud noise at the dinner table.
A. methods B. materials C. mysteries D. manners.
2. - Why didn't you ______ Lucy’s message She's been waiting for your response all morning.
- I'm sorry. I was busy preparing for the speech contest and totally forgot about it. I'll reply to her immediately.
A. Reply B. reply to C. answer for D. reply with
3. - _______ are easily made, but not easily kept.
- That's true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.
A. Speeches B. Decisions C. Promises D. Suggestions
4. Mr Deng used to _______ to work, but now he is used to _______ to work by bike.
A. drive: go B. driving: go C. drive; going D. driving; going
5. - Now I'm used to getting up ________ to read English for half an hour every day.
- What a good habit you have!
A. early enough B. late enough C. too early D. too late
6. - _______ some extra money is found, the library will close.
- Don’t worry. The government is giving a hand.
A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. As
三、阅读短文。在文中空白处填入一个适当的单词，或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Now more and more people would like to visit Xizang. What manners should you learn about if you visit a Xizang family
When you enter the house, don't walk on the doorsill(门槛) 1.____________ Xizang people see it as unlucky. In some 2.__________________(situation), you need to sit cross-legged. Make sure your soles(鞋底) won't face the family members, What's more, be sure to avoid 3. ________________(touch) their heads. It's not polite.
If you call a family member by name, add "la" at the end. This will make him or her 4. ___________(feel) closer to you. Xizang people are warm and friendly. For them, sticking out the tongue(伸出舌头) is a way 5.________________(show) respect for others. If they put their palms (手掌) together, it means they are sending their best wishes to you. Don't be 6.______________(surprise) at these actions.
Hada, the white scarf, stands good luck in Xizang. Offering it is the 8.___________(high) form of
etiquette (礼节) among Xizang people. When you receive one, you should accept it 9._____________(polite) by bending your body and using both hands. Wish all of you 10.____________ good time in the Xizang family!
四、阅读理解
China has long been known as a nation of etiquette (礼仪之邦), Chinese people behave politely on any formal occasion, whether it is a wedding ceremony, a celebration party, or a banquet (宴会). The following basic Chinese table manners will help you generally master Chinese dinner manners.
One clear difference between Western and Eastern dining habits is the portion(一份) size. While meals in Western restaurants are sized for individuals (个人), dishes offered in Chinese restaurants are meant to be shared. As such, food either comes in bite-sized pieces, or is prepared in a way that makes it easy to portion(分配) while being served to you on large plates.
As meals are shared, one may care
out the degree of sanitation(卫生). It's common to find communal chopsticks (公筷) placed with each dish. It is good manners to use the communal utensils in a public setting.
You may also notice that tables, especially those in larger dining rooms, are round and have a lazy Susan [more commonly known as "that rotating (旋转的) table on top of your table"]. Besides
efficiency (效率) purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity(团结) and presents dining as an event where family members get together. Before you spin the turntable to get to that delicious piece of duck, make sure that no one else is reaching for food! It's impolite to spin the table just as someone is trying to pick up some food.
As mentioned above, Chinese restaurants often use round tables. In Western cultures, the host or the eldest family member often sits at the head of a long table. But what happens when the table is round
At a round table, the seat of honour (上座) is the one facing the door. The closer you are sitting next to that seat, the more important you are. In a setting where there is no doorway-outdoor dining, for example—the seat of honour would be the one facing east. In a banquet environment,
the table of honour is usually the one sitting farthest away from the door.
The time at which the dining begins depends on the presence of party members. The suitable time to dig in is after the guest of honour, or the eldest member of the group, is seated and has begun their meal. Sometimes they will mean the start of a meal, by saying "吃吧" which means "Please eat".
1. What should we do if we have meals in a public setting
A. Bring your own chopsticks from home.
B. Use communal chopsticks to get food.
C. Use your own chopsticks to share food.
D. Share the food with others' chopsticks
2. What does the underlined word "spin" in the passage mean
A. Turn around. B. Pull nearer. C. Pick up. D. Move away.
3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A. Why is the table round . B. How can you find a seat .
C. Which is the seat of honour D. Who is the most important
4. How does the writer organize the article.
A. In time order. B. From specific to general.
C. In space order. D. From general to specific.
五、书面表达
人无礼则不立，请以“How to be person with good manners"为题，根据以下要点为学校的英语演讲比赛写一篇演讲稿：
公共场合礼仪：轻声细语，排队等，
餐桌礼仪：(自拟至少2点)
校园礼仪：(自拟至少2点)。
要求：
1.要点齐全、条理清楚、表达准确、语句通顺、意思连贯；
2.适当发挥，80字左右，短文开头和结尾已给出，不计入总数；
3.短文中不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。
How to be a person with good manners
As the saying goes, "Manners make the man."A person with good manner behaves politely. As teenagers, what should we do to show good manners
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Let’s practise good manners to ourselves better people!
参考答案：
一、A) 1. patiently 2. Politeness 3. realized 4. behave 5. push
B) 1. openly 2. discussion 3. has praised 4. pleased 5. to talk
二、1. D 句意，注意规矩，琳达，在餐桌上大声喧哗是不礼貌的。 method方法： material材料， mystery神秘的事物； manners礼貌，礼仪，根据“It's not polite to make a loud noise at the dinner table, "可知，在餐桌上大声喧哗是不礼貌的，要注意规矩。
2. B句意，“你为什么不同复露西的消息 她一上午都在等你的答复。“对不起，我忙着准备演讲比赛，完全把这事忘了，我马上就回复她。”reply to符合-回复某人的消息”的固定搭配，语义和诺法均正确。
3. C句意：“承诺很容易做出，但却不容易信守。”“这是 真的，一旦你许下一个(承诺),一定要坚守它。“ speech 演讲， decision决定， promise承诺，诺言， suggestion建议，根据句意可知， promise符合语境，其他选项语意不通。 make promises做出承诺。
4. C句意：邓先生过去常常开车上班，但现在他习惯骑自行车去上班。 used to do sth.过去常常做某事； be used to doing sth.习惯做某事，根据“Mr Dxng used to.... to work, but now he is used to... to work by bike, "可知，此处第一空是指过去常常开车，第二空是指现在习惯骑自
行车。
5. A句意，“现在我习惯了每天起得足够早，读半个小时英语。“你有一个多么好的习惯啊!" early enough足够早， late enough足够晚， too early太早，通常含否定意味；too late太晚，根据“What a good habit you have!"可知此处是积极的表述，指起床早来读英语。
6.A句意：“除非弄到一热额外的钱，否则图书馆将关闭。”“不要担心，政府正在伸出援手。” unless除非；although尽管； since 自从，既然： as由于，根据句意可知,除非弄到一些额外的钱，否则图书馆将关闭，因此选unless引导条件状语从句。
三、1. because 2. situations 3. touching 4. feel 5. to sow
6. surprised 7. for 8. highest 9. politely 10. a
四。1. B 细节理解题，根据第三段“As meals are shared, one may care about the degree of sanitation. It’s common to find communal chopsticks placed with each dish. It is good manners to use the communal utensils in a public setting. "可知，如果我们在公共场所用餐，我们该用公用筷子取食物。
2.A词义猜测题，根据画线词所在句及上文中that rotating table on top of your table可知。 spin意为“转动”。
3. A段落大意题。通读第四段并根据“Besides efficiency purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity and presents dining as an event where family members get together, "可知，第四段的主要思想是“为什么桌子是圆的 ".
4. D推理判断题。通读全文可知，这篇短文主要介绍了中国的餐桌礼仪。中国人在正式场合下举止得体，无论是在婚礼、庆祝派对还是宴会。中国餐桌礼仪的基本规则包括共享餐食、使用公共餐具和尊重座位次序等，作者是从概括到具体来组织文章的。
五、 One possible version:
How to be a person with good manners
As the saying goes, "Manners make the man. " A person with good manners behaves politely. As teenagers, what should we do to show good manners
Above all, when in public places, its polite of us to keep our voice down. We should be patient enough to queue for our turns.
What's more, it' s important for us to have good table manners. When we are sitting at the table, we should not start eating until everyone is ready. It's polite to wait for everyone to finish before we leave the table.
At school, we must follow all the school rules. It's a good habit to greet teachers with a warm smile. We should respect our classmates.
Let’s practise good manners to make ourselves better people!
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