UNIT 2 Morals and Virtues课件（共6份）2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

(共84张PPT)
Period Three　
Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
课前自主预习
A．vt．& vi．咬；叮；蛰
n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
B．怀孕的；妊娠的
C．一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
D．n．出口；出口商品　vt．出口；输出；传播
E．帮助；援助
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．They export their products to markets throughout the world． (　　)
2．If you assist someone，you help them to do a job or task by doing part of the work for them． (　　)
3．Any dog bite，no matter how small，needs immediate medical attention． (　　)
【答案】1－3 DEA
4．She wore a small gold cross on a chain around her neck．
(　　)
5．If a woman or female animal is pregnant，she has a baby or babies developing in her body． (　　)
【答案】4－5 CB
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写
1．____________ vt．帮助；援助→assistant n．助理
(参考：account→accountant)
2．outport n．外港→ ________ n．进口；进口商品　vt．进口；输入；引进
(参考：outcome→income)
【答案】1．assist　2．import
3．memorise vt．记忆；存储→________ n．记忆力；回忆
(参考：apologise→apology)
4．waiter n．服务员→ ________ n．(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者
(参考：actor→actress)
5．operate vt．操作　vi．动手术→ ________ n．手术；企业；经营
(参考：congratulate→congratulation)
【答案】3．memory　4．waitress　5．operation
Ⅲ．预备语法
指出下面各句画线部分所充当的成分
1．Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way． (　　)
2．We watched the three boys sharing their food with each other． (　　)
【答案】1．原因状语　2．宾语补足语
3．He died from a sudden traffic accident，leaving the experiment half-done． (　　)
4．When we returned to the school，we found a stranger standing at the entrance． (　　)
5．Listening to English every day，you will learn it well step by step． (　　)
【答案】3．结果状语　4．宾语补足语　5．条件状语
6．Seeing my parents waving in the crowd， I went running to them． (　　)
7．I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time． (　　)
8．The students entered the classroom，following their English teacher． (　　)
【答案】6．时间状语　7．宾语补足语　8．伴随状语
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．operation n．手术；企业；经营
(P18)During the operation，she sat in the waiting room for over an hour (worrying) about him．
【翻译】手术期间，她在候诊室里坐了一个多小时，为他(担心)。
【用法详解】
(1)perform an operation (on sb) (给某人)做手术
in operation 工作中；有效
put sth into operation 实施；使生效
(2)operate vi．运转；运行；动手术 vt．操作
operate on...给……做手术
(3)operator n．操作员；经营者
The doctor is performing an operation on her lung to remove a tumor．
医生正在为她做肺部肿瘤切除手术。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered from his heart ______(operate) soon．
【答案】(1)operation
(2)With the help of his teammates，the ________(operate) responded immediately to the event．
完成句子
(3)He was ________________ for lung cancer．
他因肺癌动了手术。
(4)The system has been ________________ for six months．
这个系统已经运行6个月了。
【答案】(2)operator　(3)operated on　(4)in operation
2．whisper vi．& vt．悄声说；耳语；低语
n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
(P18)I saw her whispering something into his ear，obviously not (wanting) to be heard．
【翻译】我看见她对着他耳语，显然不(想)被听到。
【用法详解】
(1)whisper about sth 密谈某事
whisper sth to sb 把某事悄悄告诉某人
whisper sth into/in one’s ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事
It is whispered that...有人私下说……
(2)in a whisper＝in whispers低声地；悄声地
whisper mode省电模式；经济模式
What are you two whispering about over there
你们俩在那边嘀咕什么？
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)It ________(whisper) that a new manager will replace Tom.
(2)In the wedding ceremony，Jack whispered ________ her so that no one else would hear．
(3)He said it to me ________ a whisper．
【答案】(1)is whispered　(2)to　(3)in
3．assist vt．帮助；援助
(P18)Despite the difficult situation，Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people．
【翻译】尽管环境艰苦，白求恩大夫还是尽其所能地帮助中国人民。
【用法详解】
(1)assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb with sth 帮助某人某事；用……帮助某人
(2)assistance n．帮助；援助
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
come to one’s assistance 援助某人
(3)assistant n．助手；助理
A team of nurses assisted the doctor in performing the operation．
一组护士协助医生做了这台手术。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)It’s very kind of you to assist the poor ________ money．
(2)Please feel free to ask if I am of further ________(assist)．
【答案】(1)with　(2)assistance
(3)Now I’m writing to apply for a position working as a teaching ________ (assist)．
(4)Here are some good sources of information to assist you ________(make) the best selection．
【答案】(3)assistant　(4)to make
4．pass away去世
(P18)Sadly，Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang．
【翻译】不幸的是，白求恩大夫于第二年11月去世，安葬在石家庄。
【短语延伸】
pass by 经过
pass...on to...把……传递给……
pass down 流传；世代相传
pass through 通过；穿过
pass off as 装作；假装
pass the driving test 通过驾照考试
pass sth to sb 把某物传给某人
Her uncle passed away last night．
她叔叔昨晚去世了。
※【拓展提升】
“死亡”的委婉表达还有：depart，expire，perish，sleep the final sleep，breathe one’s last。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Alice was very sorry to hear that her grandmother had passed ________ two days before．
(2)Valuable things that can be passed _______ have something in common．
(3)On such an occasion，the torch will be passed from one person ________ to another．
【答案】(1)away　(2)down　(3)on
◇句式解读
(P18)Despite the difficult situation，Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people．
【翻译】尽管环境艰苦，白求恩大夫还是尽其所能地帮助中国人民。
【考点提炼】本句中的“whatever he could”是whatever引导的宾语从句，to 后面是目的状语。
【归纳拓展】
whatever还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。whichever，whoever，whomever，however，whenever，wherever 等既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句。
You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like．
您想来随时欢迎，想吃什么尽管吃。
Whatever/No matter what happens in the future，the sweet memories will never fade away．
无论将来发生什么，美好的记忆永远不会消失。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)We will do _________________ to add some new features to this running machine．
我们将竭尽所能为这台正在运行的机器添加一些新功能。
(2)The gold medal will be awarded to __________________.
谁得了第一名，金牌就将授予他(她)。
【答案】(1)whatever we can
(2)whoever wins (the) first prize
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【例句观察】
①The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role．
②Thinking of all the people still in need of help，Dr Lin opened a private clinic．
③Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”，having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime．
【我的领悟】
1．句①中的playing在句中作________；
2．句②中的Thinking 在句中作________；
3．句③中的having delivered在句中作_______________，having done属于动词的-ing形式的________式。
Keys: 1．宾语补足语　2．状语　3．状语；完成
□动词的-ing形式(2)
动词的-ing形式作状语和补语
一、动词的-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明等。该用法也是历年高考中对非谓语动词考查最频繁的内容。
1．表示时间
动词的-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Speaking of all the books she has written，I think this is probably the best-known one．(＝When I speak of...)
谈到她所写的所有书，我认为这可能是最出名的一本。
2．表示原因
表示原因的动词的-ing形式一般置于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Having lived in Jinan for years，I almost know every place quite well．(＝Because I have lived...)
在济南住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。
Not realising that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forest．(＝Since he did not realise that...)
由于没有意识到身处险境，埃里克一步步向森林深处走去。
3．表示结果
动词的-ing形式作状语表示结果时，可转换为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。
He dropped the plate，breaking it into pieces．(＝...and broke it into pieces．)
盘子从他手中掉下来，摔成了碎片。
4．表示条件
动词的-ing形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Opening the window，you will see the garden below．(＝If you open the window...)
打开窗户，你就能看见下面的花园。
5．表示让步
动词的-ing形式作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Admitting what you say，I still think you are wrong．(＝Though I admit what you say...)
虽然我承认你所说的话，但我仍然认为你错了。
6．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明
动词的-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，常放在句末，可以转换为一个并列成分。
He was walking along the street，looking this way and that. (＝...and looking this way and that．)
他左顾右盼地在街上走着。
Some girls sat there，chatting and laughing.(＝...and chatted and laughed．)
一些女孩在那边坐着，有说有笑。
7．修饰形容词
有极少数动词的-ing形式常放在某些形容词前面，起到副词的作用，意思是“极”或“非常”，表示其程度或状态。
It was freezing/biting cold that day．
那天天气很冷。
8．作插入语
动词的-ing形式可在句中作独立成分，表明说话人的态度。
Properly speaking，a whale is not a fish．
准确地说，鲸并非鱼类。
※【拓展提升】
1．非谓语动词作状语时，如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致，则动词的-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，该主语通常由名词或代词来担任，这种情况称为独立主格结构。
The last bus having gone，we had to walk home．(having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus，而不是we)
末班车已经开走了，我们不得不走回家。
Weather permitting，the football match will be held on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match)
天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。
2．动词的-ing形式作状语的完成式形式为having done，表示有时间先后顺序。动词的-ing形式作状语时，如需表示否定，则直接在前面加上not。
Having finished homework，he went out to play basketball．
做完了作业，他出去打篮球了。
二、动词的-ing形式作补语
动词的-ing形式作补语，尤其是作宾语补足语时，和宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，强调动作在进行，常用在catch，feel，find，have，hear，keep，set，observe，see，watch等动词后。
The man was fired because he had been found smoking in the kitchen．
那个人被解雇了，因为他被发现在厨房里吸烟。
Let’s hurry up．Don’t keep them waiting．
咱们快一点，不要让他们等了。
※【拓展提升】
在see，watch，hear，observe，look at，notice，feel等动词后，如果表示经常性的或已经完成的动作，则要用不带to的不定式。
I saw him break into the house．
我看见他闯入了那幢房子。
□追踪练习
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．________(taste) good and sweet，this kind of pear was soon sold out in the market．
2．John watched curiously，________(think) that the woman seemed a little crazy．
3．I stood there，________(take) a book in my hand．
【答案】1．Tasting　2．thinking　3．taking
4．The accident shocked the public，________(cause) a hot debate over air pollution．
5．Li Hua，________(study) abroad for five years，is on the way back to his motherland．
6．Gradually he found himself back，________(give) out his speech without much difficulty．
【答案】4．causing　5．having studied　6．giving
7．After the party，most guests left，with only two of them ________(remain) in the host family，________(help) him or her clean up．
8．On the bank of the river，we found him ________(lie) on a bench，with his eyes ________(fix) on a kite in the sky．
【答案】7．remaining；helping　8．lying；fixed
9．Not ________(know) what to do，he decided to follow his parents’ advice．
10．__________ (work) for a week，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule．
【答案】9．knowing　10．Having worked
Ⅱ．句型转换
1．Though he had been told many times，he still made the same mistake．
→___________ many times，he still made the same mistake.
2．He worked for three hours to try to solve the problem．
→He worked for three hours，_________ solve the problem.
【答案】1．Having been told　2．trying to
3．If weather permits，we shall go there on foot．
→____________________，we shall go there on foot．
4．Mrs Black saw her husband when she turned around．
→__________________，Mrs Black saw her husband．
【答案】3．Weather permitting　4．Turning around
5．There is mud and water everywhere，and makes it difficult to travel from place to place．
→There is mud and water everywhere，________ it difficult to travel from place to place．
【答案】5．making
课 时 作 业
基础练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．___________(try) many times，he still couldn’t overcome the difficulties．
2．The new manager would like to see his plan ___________ (carry) out as soon as possible．
【答案】1．Having tried　2．carried
3．Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock，________(send) supplies to areas．
4．________(approach) the city centre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height．
5．At that time，no one knew ________ to treat this dreaded disease．
【答案】3．sending　4．Approaching　5．how
6．When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women ________(sell) Chinese lanterns．
7．Our purpose is to create a welcoming environment ______ which most residents feel a sense of belonging．
8．These pictures often bring back to me many happy ______ (memory) of my senior high school days．
【答案】6．selling　7．in　8．memories
9．The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need his medical ________(assist)．
10．The researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times ________(use) the smart keyboard．
【答案】9．assistance　10．using
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．I ______________ out of the bank when I got off the car．
我下车的时候注意到一个男人正从银行里跑出来。
2．______________，she remembered her childhood．
看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。
【答案】1．noticed a man running
2．Seeing those pictures
3．______________，we are ready for the examination．
我们已经做好了充分的准备，现在可以考试了。
4．______________，many customers are dissatisfied．
随着另一个问题的出现，许多消费者不满意了。
【答案】3．Having made full preparations
4．With another problem appearing
5．_______________ the gold coins hidden under the stone，many people didn’t attempt to move it．
由于不知道石头底下藏着金币，很多人都没有尝试去搬走它。
【答案】5．Not knowing
提升练
Ⅰ．语法填空
Morals and virtues are like a compass 1.________ guides us in making good choices and doing the right thing．Morals are about knowing the difference between right and wrong，2.______ virtues are good qualities or habits we should cultivate to help us determine the right action to take．
When we face a moral dilemma，it takes time and energy．In these times，we can rely on our morals to help us choose 3.______ (wise)．For example，being kind，honest，and fair are important moral values that can guide our actions．
Virtues，such as 4._____(patient)，courage，and generosity，
help us become better people．They are like strengths we can develop 5._______(face) challenges and treat others with respect．
When we show virtues in our daily lives，we inspire those around us to do the same．In relationships like marriage or friendships，morals and virtues play 6.________ important role. Respect，trust，and loyalty are virtues that build strong connections and foster harmony．When conflicts arise，relying on moral principles and virtues can help us resolve differences peacefully．
It’s also important to pass on these values to the next generation．Teaching children about morals and virtues from a young age 7.________(set) a strong foundation for their character development．By practising kindness，honesty，and empathy，we can create a more compassionate and 8.________(understand) society．
Morals and virtues are essential tools for navigating(导航) life’s challenges and 9.__________(create) a better world for ourselves and others．With good values，we can build stronger relationships，make wiser choices，and contribute more positively 10.________ our communities．
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了道德与美德在生活中的关键作用：道德为我们确定对错提供指引，美德如耐心和勇气等帮助应对挑战，以建立尊重与和谐的人际关系，并教育下一代培养良好品格，共同创造更美好的社会。
1．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，其先行词“a compass”指物且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
2．while　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空格处连接两个句子，应用连词；再结合语境可知，此处把道德和美德进行对比，应用连词while，意为“而”。故填while。
3．wisely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰动词choose，应用副词。故填wisely。
4．patience　考查名词。根据空格前的“Virtues，such as”和空格后的“courage，and generosity”可知，此处应用名词形式。故填patience。
5．to face　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子已有谓语are，此处应用非谓语动词形式；再结合语境可知，此处表示“它们就像我们可以培养的面对挑战和尊重他人的勇气”，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to face。
6．an　考查冠词。根据空格后的“important role”可知，此处应用不定冠词。play a(n)...role为固定短语，意为“起……作用”。important以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
7．sets　考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空格处作谓语，主语“Teaching children about morals and virtues from a young age”为单数概念，又因此处描述客观事实，所以应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填sets。
8．understanding　考查形容词。根据空格前的“a more compassionate and”和空格后的名词society可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰society。故填understanding。
9．creating　考查动词的-ing形式。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子已有谓语are，此处应用非谓语动词形式；再根据空格前的“for navigating(导航) life’s challenges and”可知，此处应用动词的-ing形式。故填creating。
10．to　考查介词。contribute to sth是固定短语，意为“为某事做贡献”。故填to。
Ⅱ．读后续写
I was a vet in Yorkshire．One day I received a call from Mrs Tompkin，asking me to cut the beak(喙) of her budgie(虎皮鹦鹉). I armed myself with a pair of clippers and stepped onto the narrow strip of pavement which separated the door from the road．A pleasant-looking red-haired woman answered my knock．
“I’m Mrs Dodds from next door，” she said．“I keep an eye on the old lady．She’s over eighty and lives alone．”
She led me into the cramped little room．“Here’s Mr Herriot coming to see Peter for you，” she said to the old woman who sat in a corner. Mrs Tompkin nodded and smiled，“Oh，that’s good. Poor little fella(小家伙) can hardly eat with its long beak and I’m worried about him.He’s my only companion，you know.”
“Yes，I understand，Mrs Tompkin．” I looked at the cage by the window with the green budgie perched(栖息) inside. “These little birds can be wonderful company when they start chattering．”
She laughed，“Yes，but it’s a funny thing．Peter has never said that much．I think he’s lazy! But I just like having him with me．”
“Of course you do，” I said，“but he certainly needs attention now．”
The beak was greatly overgrown，curving away down till it touched the feathers of the breast．I would be able to revolutionise his life with one quick snip from my clippers．The way I was feeling this job was right up my street．
I opened the cage door and slowly inserted my hand．
“Come on，Peter，” I wheedled(哄骗)．As I lifted him out，I felt in my pocket with the other hand for the clippers．Then I stopped．
The tiny head was no longer poking cheekily from my fingers but had fallen loosely to one side．The eyes were closed．He was dead．
Mrs Dodds and I looked at each other in horror．When I turned my head towards Mrs Tompkin，I was surprised to see that she was still nodding and smiling．
I drew her neighbour to one side．“Mrs Dodds，how much does she see？”
“Oh，she’s very short-sighted but she’s right vain despite her age. Never would she wear glasses. She’s hard of hearing，too. ”
“Well，look，” I said．My heart was still pounding．“I just don’t know what to do．If I tell her about this，the shock will be terrible．Anything could happen．”
Mrs Dodds nodded，stricken-faced.“Yes，you’re right. She’s that attached to the little thing．”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I decided to do something for her instead of telling her the truth. ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
It was a long time before I went to see how Mrs Tompkin got along with the bird I had bought for her．___________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
I decided to do something for her instead of telling her the truth．Suddenly it occurred to me that I could buy her a new bird in the nearby store．Mrs Dodds also thought it a good idea and even suggested one in the town．I cleared my throat，telling Mrs Tompkin that I was going to take Peter along to the surgery to do the job．
I left her still nodding and smiling and，cage in hand，fled into the street．I soon found the shop and luckily there was a green budgie in the shop．With the bird in the cage，I sped back and hung it in its place by the window．“I think you’ll find everything is well now，” I told Mrs Tompkin．
It was a long time before I went to see how Mrs Tompkin got along with the bird I had bought for her．“How is the bird？” I said．The old lady led me in and then laughed．“Oh，you mean Peter．He is grand．” In the little room，the cage was still hung by the window and Peter，the second，hopped around the bars of the cage，running up and down his ladder．
Mrs Tompkin looked lovingly at him．“You wouldn’t believe it，” she said．“He’s like a different bird，chattering to me all day long．It’s wonderful what cutting a beak can do．” Hearing this，I feel relieved—my efforts did bring her happiness．(共31张PPT)
单元要点回顾
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 1．entrust vt． ____________
2．tuition n． __________________
3．clinic n． _______________
4．faraway adj． _________
5．elsewhere adv． _________________
6．staff n． _________________
7．kindergarten n． _________________
委托；交付
(小组)教学；讲课
诊所；门诊部
遥远的
在别处；去别处
员工；全体职员
学前班；幼儿园
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 8．insurance n． ______________
9．pole n． _________________
10．lap n． _______________________________
11．lip n． ______
12．café n． ________________
13．pregnant adj． ________________
14．disguise vt． __________________
保险；保险业
(行星的)极；地极
(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
嘴唇
咖啡馆；小餐馆
怀孕的；妊娠的
装扮；假扮；掩盖
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 n． ________________
15．saving n． __________________________________
16．hire vt． _________________
n． ____________
17．midnight n. ____________
18．bite vt.&vi. ____________
n． _______________________
伪装；化装用具
节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款
聘任；雇用；租用
租借；租用
子夜；午夜
咬；叮；蛰
咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
知识要点 重点内容
阅读词汇 19．chain n． ___________________________
20．tear n． _____________
21．court n． ___________________________
22．income n． _____________
23．per prep． ___________
24．tension n． ______________________
25．chairman n． _______________________
一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
眼泪；泪水
(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
收入；收益
每；每一
紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
主席；主持人；董事长
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 1．________ adj．道德的；道义上的　n．品行；道德；寓意
2．________ n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
3．________ n．进退两难的境地；困境
4．________ adj．珍稀的；宝贵的
5．________ n．专业服务费；报酬
6．________ n．协会；联合会；工会
moral
virtue
dilemma
precious
fee
union
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 7．___________ n．奖学金
8．__________ n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
9．__________ n．同事；同僚
10．________ n．十年；十年期
11．________ vt．发表(作品)；出版
12．________ vi．& vt．退休；退职；退出
13．__________ n．道德原则；法则；原则
scholarship
physician
colleague
decade
publish
retire
principle
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 14．__________ adj．被动的；顺从的
15．__________ n．事故；车祸；失事
16．_________ vt．接替；取代；更换
17．_________ n．绝望　vi．绝望；感到无望
18．_________ adj．灵活的；可变通的
19．　　　　　 adv.因此；所以
passive
accident
replace
despair
flexible
therefore
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 20．________ n．进口；进口商品　vt．进口；输入；引进
21．________ n．出口；出口商品　vt．出口；输出；传播
22．________ adj．(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的
import
export
sharp
知识要点 重点内容
写作词汇 23．__________ vi．& vt．悄声说；耳语；低语　n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
24．__________ vt．(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
whisper
illustrate
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 1．__________ n．结婚；婚姻→ __________ vt．& vi．结婚；与……结婚
2．__________ n．大部分；大多数→ __________ adj．大多数的；主要的；重大的
3．__________ vi．& vt．抱怨；发牢骚→ __________ n．抱怨；控诉
marriage
marry
majority
major
complain
complaint
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 4．__________ vt．回答；回复　vi．做出反应；回应→ __________ n．反应；回答；回复
5．__________ vt．拒绝接受；不录用→ __________ n．拒绝接受；否决
6．__________ vt．任命；委派→ ______________ n．任命；委派；约会
respond
response
reject
rejection
appoint
appointment
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 7．__________ vt．选举；推选→ __________ n．选举；推选；当选
8．__________ vt．照顾；照料　vi．倾向；趋于→ __________ n．偏向；走向；趋势
9．__________ adj．害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→ __________ vt．惊吓；使害怕 vi．受惊吓
elect
election
tend
tendency
scared
scare
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 10．__________ adj．精力充沛的；充满活力的→ __________ n．精力；活力；能源；能量
11．__________ vt．帮助；援助→ __________ n．帮助；援助 → __________ n．助手
12．__________ n．记忆力；回忆→ __________ vt．记忆；记住
energetic
energy
assist
assistance
assistant
memory
memorise
知识要点 重点内容
拓展词汇 13．__________ n．手术；企业；经营→ __________ vi．运转；运行；做手术 vt．操作 → __________ n．接线员；操作员
14．__________ n．& vt．伤害；损害→ __________ adj．有害的 → __________ adj．无害的
operation
operate
operator
harm
harmful
harmless
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 1．moral dilemma ____________
2．make a choice __________
3．be eager to do ____________
4．与……分享…… __________
5．一直；总是 __________
6．不但……而且…… __________________
7．disagree with ____________
道德困境
做出选择
渴望做
share...with...
all the time
not only...but also...
不同意
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 8．be famous for... ______________
9．be faced with ______
10．carry sb through sth __________________
11．the majority of ________
12．complain about _______
13．tend to do sth __________________________
14．would rather do _________
因……而著名
面对
帮助某人渡过难关
大多数
抱怨
易于做某事；往往会发生某事
宁愿做
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 15．graduate from... ____________
16．in need of ______
17．play a key role in _____________________
_____________________
18．hold an important position ______________
19．be responsible for... ____________
20．treat...as... __________________
21．show interest in... ______________
从……毕业
需要
在……中起到关键作用/
在……中扮演重要角色
担任重要职位
为……负责
对待……就像……
对……有兴趣
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 22．be known as... _______________
23．去世 __________
24．作为对……的纪念 _____________
25．在午夜时分 ____________
26．work as... ______________
27．产生影响 ________________
28．start with... ____________
作为……而出名
pass away
in memory of
at midnight
担任……工作
make a difference
从……开始
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 29．first of all _______
30．step by step ___________
31．被……绊倒 __________
32．含着泪；流着泪 _________
33．处于绝望中 ___________
34．a great deal (of) _______
35．crash into _______
首先
一步步地
trip over
in tears
in despair
大量
撞上
知识要点 重点内容
重点短语 36．pick oneself up __________________
37．make an attempt to do sth ____________
38．end up doing... ______________
39．with all one’s might _______________
40．属于 __________
41．tuition fees _______
42．resident physician __________
43．first aid _______
站起来；振作起来
企图做某事
以做……告终
用尽所有力气
belong to
学费
住院医师
急救
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 1．If I ________ ever in a situation like the girl faced，I think I would choose to...
如果我处在一个和那个女孩一样的处境，我想我会选择……
2．Why not ________ ________ with his schoolwork
为什么不帮助他做功课呢？
were
help
him
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 3．To a person nothing is _______ _________ than their life，...
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……
4．I’d ________ ________ single to study all my life!
为了学习，我宁愿一辈子单身！
more
precious
rather
stay
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 5．She greatly ___________ her American colleagues，________ invited her to stay．
美国的同事对她印象深刻，他们邀请她留下来。
6．She immediately became the first woman ever _____ ____ ________ as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital．
她立即成了第一位被北京协和医院妇产科聘为住院医师的女性。
impressed
who
to
be
hired
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 7．At times she was even ________ ________ a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care．
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。
8．Despite the difficult situation，Dr Bethune did _________ ____ _______ to assist the Chinese people.
尽管环境艰苦，白求恩大夫还是尽其所能地帮助中国人民。
seen
riding
whatever
he
could
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 9．After Dr Bethune’s death，Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him，_____ ________ he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China．
白求恩大夫去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章来纪念他，在文章中他赞扬白求恩大夫是一位在中国值得纪念的英雄。
in
which
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 10．After a while，a group of women came along，________ ____________ a pot of water on her head．
过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
11．_________ she _______ her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road．
她和她的朋友都没有想过把石头从路上移开。
each
balancing
Neither
nor
知识要点 重点内容
重点句式 12．She _____ ______ _________ all day and was very tired．
她工作了一整天，非常累。
13．Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins ________ the stone had been!
想象一下，当她看到原本是石头的位置有金子，她该有多惊讶！
had
been
working
where
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 重点语法
动词的-ing形式作状语和补语
1．_________________(eat) too much for supper，Tom couldn’t go to sleep．
2．When we returned，we found a stranger _________ (stand) in front of the house．
Having eaten
standing
知识要点 重点内容
重点语法 3．________(see) those pictures，she remembered her childhood．
4．I noticed her ________(walk) around the garden just now．
5．___________(know) all this，they made me pay for the damage．
Seeing
walking
Knowing(共67张PPT)
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
Period One　Listening and Speaking
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
掌握动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语的用法；
能写一篇评论性议论文。
【素养提升】
传播优秀的道德观念和传统美德，培养学生良好的道德意识和美德，并践行道德风尚；
用适当的思维方式解决本单元学习中的问题，思考如何培养良好的道德意识和美德；
根据本单元内容适当调整学习策略。
Period One　Listening and Speaking
课前自主预习
A．vi．昏倒；晕厥　adj．不清楚的；微弱的
B．adj．道德的；道义上的　n．品行；道德；寓意
C．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
D．进退两难的境地；困境
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．It’s not a virtue to speak ill of others in private． (　　)
2．A dilemma is a difficult situation in which you have to choose between two or more alternatives． (　　)
3．Unfortunately，the old man’s breathing became faint． (　　)
4．Whenever I meet with difficulty，he always comes along to lend me moral support． (　　)
【答案】1－5 CDAB
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写
1．moral adj．道德的；道义上的→ ________ adv．道德上；道义上
2．faint adj．不清楚的；微弱的→ ________ adv．微弱地；模糊地；虚弱地
(参考：fortunate→fortunately)
【答案】1．morally　2．faintly
Ⅲ．预备话题素材
1．_____________ is that honesty is always the best policy．
这个故事的寓意是诚实总是上策。
2．She describes her own ____________ in making the film．
她讲述了在拍摄这部电影的过程中在道义上所面临的两难选择。
【答案】1．The moral of the story　2．moral dilemma
3．The government has decided to provide help to companies with __________________.
政府决定给在经济上遇到困难的公司提供帮助。
4．When ________________，she heard of something about her friend.
她走在街上时听说了关于她朋友的一些事情。
【答案】3．financial difficulties　4．walking in the street
5．______________________，ring me at home．
必要时可打我家电话。
【答案】5．If (it is) necessary
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．moral adj．道德的；道义上的
n．品行；道德；寓意
(P14)What moral dilemma is the boy in the picture facing
【翻译】照片中的男孩面临着什么道德困境？
【用法详解】
(1)the moral of...……的道德/寓意
It’s moral to do...做……是合乎道德的
(2)morally adv．道德上
immoral adj．不道德的
Glad to hear from you．I’d like to tell you something about a moral fable I recently read．
很高兴收到你的来信。我想告诉你我最近读到的一个道德寓言故事。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Anything that is ________(moral) wrong is ultimately bad for business．
(2)Confucius felt happy with this，because it is moral ________(take) possession of things like this．
【答案】(1)morally　(2)to take
完成句子
(3)__________________，instead of standing by，we should give a hand．
面对道德困境，我们应该伸出援手，而不是袖手旁观。
【答案】(3)Faced with/Facing moral dilemmas
2．be eager to 渴望
(P14)Jane is eager to share the magazine article with Luke．
【翻译】简很想与卢克分享这篇杂志文章。
【短语延伸】
(1)eager adj．热切的；渴望的
be eager for sth 渴望
be eager (for sb) to do sth 渴望(某人)做某事
be eager that...(should) do sth 渴望……(从句多用虚拟语气)
(2)eagerly adv．热切地；渴望地
(3)eagerness n．热切；渴望
with eagerness 殷切地
eagerness to do sth 渴望做某事
He is eager for success in the coming exam．
他渴望在即将到来的考试中取得成功。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Each week I ________ (eager) counted my growing savings increased by extra work here and there．
(2)I couldn’t hide my ________(eager) to get back home．
【答案】(1)eagerly　(2)eagerness
完成句子
(3)The foreman is __________ all the workers __________ on time．
工头迫切希望所有的工人都能准时来。
(4)As soon as we arrived on the island，we ______________.
我们一来到岛上就急不可耐地开始探索。
【答案】(3)eager that；(should) come
(4)were eager to explore
◇句式解读
(P14)A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make．
【翻译】道德困境是这样一种境况：你要做出两个或以上的困难选择。
【考点提炼】in which 是 “介词＋关系代词”的结构，引导定语从句“you have two or more difficult choices to make”，修饰先行词“a situation”。
【归纳拓展】
(1)选择介词时，主要看与先行词、从句中的谓语动词或形容词的搭配；
(2)选择关系代词时，若先行词是物，且关系代词前有介词，则只能用which；若先行词是人，且前面有介词，则只能用whom；若在从句中作定语，关系代词则用whose。
Here are some problems put up at the meeting，most of which are about education and health．
会议上提出了一些问题，大部分都是关于教育和健康的。
He has two brothers，both of whom are graduates from key universities．
他有两个兄弟，都是重点大学的毕业生。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The boss wants to create a good atmosphere ________ which workers can work comfortably．
【答案】(1)in
(2)Tom，in __________ company I have been working for ten years，is a kind boss．
(3)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city．
【答案】(2)whose　(3)whom
语 音 时 空
□升调
升调(Rising Intonation)是我们在进行语言表达时，句子的最后一个实词的重读音节上升的语调。这取决于我们说话时的语气，或试图用语调表达的情感或态度。常见用法如下：
1．一般疑问句提问时使用：表示等待回答者确认或者表示礼貌。
Is it your book?？
Could you help me?？
2．选择疑问句，先升调，再降调：表示等待回答者确认。
Would you like juice ? or milk?？
3．在用Yes/No回答时使用：表示等待提问者继续阐述其想谈论的话题。
—You know Tom
—Yes?．
4．附加疑问句的句末使用：表示对所说的内容不确定。
You don’t like swimming，do you?？
5．陈述句中使用：表示尚未结束，向另一个人发出信号，请对方等待。(一般情况下陈述句使用降调)
The project was difficult?．
The project was difficult?，but we finished it on time．
课 时 作 业
基础练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．I disagree ___________ you on how to decorate the new house．
2．I am grateful that you help me get out of the dilemma I was ________．
【答案】1．with　2．in
3．Famous ________ its beautiful scenery，the city attracts millions of tourists every year．
4．When ________(face) with the unexpected accident，he kept calm and saved the boy from the burning building．
【答案】3．for　4．faced
Ⅱ．短语填空
eager to；disagree with；famous for；make a choice；face with；hear of；get into trouble
1．I was particularly sad and worried to ______________ her illness．
2．If you keep the rules，you are not likely to ____________.
【答案】1．hear of　2．get into trouble
3．As soon as John came back，he was ______________ see his best friend．
4．That university has been _____________ medical research since 1998．
5．At yesterday’s meeting，everyone ____________ me．
【答案】3．eager to　4．famous for　5．disagreed with
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．Mary____________ her experience in China ___________ her friends．
玛丽迫切地想和朋友分享她在中国的经历。
2．You should pay attention to ___________ its pronunciation ________________ its spelling．
你不仅要注意它的发音，还要注意它的拼写。
【答案】1．is eager to share；with　2．not only；but also
3．I hear Li Hua has come back from Hainan. _____________ and visit him
我听说李华从海南回来了。我们为什么不去看看他呢？
4．John wonders whether his younger sister has ___________.
约翰想知道他妹妹是否做出了正确的选择。
【答案】3．Why not go　4．made the right choice
5．When I went to see him，he was ____________________.
我去看他时，他正在参加入学考试。
【答案】5．taking the entrance examination
提升练
Ⅰ．阅读理解
In life，some people were humble secretaries，teachers，and workers．When they died，they were richer than anyone known—and they gave millions to charities．
Kathleen Magowan，a teacher from Simsbury，Connecticut，had no idea she was rich until just before she died in 2011，at age 87.
Not long before she passed away，she visited a small law firm for help managing her estate(个人财产)．When they asked how much she thought it was worth，Magowan guessed around $40,000．The real number: $6 million．
Magowan’s twin brother，Robert Magowan，had always managed their finances．They had lived together until he died in 2010．“She never had a demand for that kind of money，” her lawyer，Louis George，told the Hartford Courant．
Some would go shopping crazily if they became millionaires overnight．Magowan turned to charities．Her will outlined $5 million in bequests(遗赠) to 15 organisations，along with gifts to relatives and neighbours．She left close to half a million each to her alma mater(母校)，the University of St．Joseph in West Hartford，the McLean nursing home where she spent her final days，and the Simsbury public schools，where she had taught first-graders for 35 years．
Kathleen Magowan’s twin brother had managed her finances，so she was shocked to discover she had $6 million．
“All of us remember her very much as the schoolteacher who always had bright eyes，” Deene Morris，the former fund-raising director at McLean，told the Hartford Courant．“She loved engaging in conversation with all sorts of different people，and everyone loved talking to her．A schoolteacher．That’s how she lived in our hearts．”
(　　)1．How did Kathleen Magowan probably feel when she knew her estate’s worth
A．A little doubtful． B．A little confused．
C．Very surprised． D．Very disappointed．
(　　)2．How much of Kathleen Magowan’s money went to organisations
A．About 63%． B．About 73%．
C．About 83%． D．About 93%．
(　　)3．What can we learn about Kathleen Magowan from the last paragraph
A．She was easy-going．
B．She was determined．
C．She had a sense of humour．
D．She had a strong personality．
(　　)4．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Money Makes a Difference
B．Hard Work Paid Off in the End
C．From a Teacher to a Millionaire
D．Giving Makes Her Life Meaningful
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Kathleen Magowan是一名普通的教师，去世前，她发现自己是百万富翁，然后几乎将全部财产都捐献出去的故事。
1．C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“...she was shocked to discover she had $6 million”可知，当Kathleen Magowan知道她个人财产的价值时，感到很惊讶。故选C项。
2．C　数字计算题。根据第二段中的“The real number：$6 million”以及第四段中的“Her will outlined $5 million in bequests(遗赠) to 15 organisations...”可知，Kathleen Magowan将五百万美元捐献给了15家慈善机构，这大约占她财产总数(六百万美元)的83%。故选C项。
3．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“She loved engaging in conversation with all sorts of different people，and everyone loved talking to her．”可知，Kathleen Magowan喜欢跟各种人交谈，人们也都很喜欢她。由此可推知，她很随和。故选A项。
4．D　标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了Kathleen Magowan在去世前几乎将自己的全部财产捐献给社会的故事。D项“给予让她的人生有意义”能体现本文主旨，最适合作标题。故选D项。
Ⅱ．完形填空
Shirley Raines is the CNN Hero of the Year! She makes the homeless community in Los Angeles feel 　1　．She is the founder of Beauty 2 The Streetz，a nonprofit that provides free food，clothing，hair，and makeup services to 　2　 people．
In 1990，Raines’ 2-year-old son passed away from an accident.
This 　3　 created a lot of pain for Shirley Raines，which 　4　. for many years．And she did not know what to do about it．She struggled to understand what her 　5　 was in life. Until one day，Shirley visited Skid Row with a friend who asked her to 　6　. She met a lot of homeless people and realised how much 　7　 they needed．Not just in finding a home，but in finding themselves and their own worth and 　8　．
Shirley started to volunteer each Saturday．As she got to know the homeless，they often 　9　 her makeup，hair and style．She started to offer to “　10　” the homeless．They loved it．She found the goal．So she started an outdoor beauty salon(美容院) to 　11　 the homeless．
Raines started sharing her 　12　 on the social media．Things
　13　．She formed her nonprofit，and then her followers grew to over 200,000 people，including many beauty professionals．Many of them 　14　 donate money to keep the services rolling．
Shirley’s courage and desire to take action is making a real impact on people’s lives，and serving as a role model and 　15　. to others．
(　　)1．A．active B．free
C．human D．energetic
(　　)2．A．ordinary B．young
C．rich D．homeless
(　　)3．A．event B．moment
C．adventure D．problem
(　　)4．A．kept B．lasted
C．stayed D．wandered
(　　)5．A．difficulty B．demand
C．secret D．goal
(　　)6．A．relax B．volunteer
C．determine D．travel
(　　)7．A．help B．experience
C．honour D．challenge
(　　)8．A．humour B．privacy
C．beauty D．wisdom
(　　)9．A．managed B．checked
C．doubted D．praised
(　　)10．A．look into B．make up
C．settle down D．bring in
(　　)11．A．serve B．inform
C．employ D．entrust
(　　)12．A．complaint B．requirement
C．suffering D．effort
(　　)13．A．fell apart B．took off
C．slowed down D．came back
(　　)14．A．regularly B．originally
C．slowly D．unwillingly
(　　)15．A．memory B．sign
C．inspiration D．warning
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Shirley Raines在两岁的儿子去世后，她通过成立非营利性组织来帮助无家可归的人们，帮助他们寻找自己的价值和美丽，她也因此找到了自己的人生目标。
1．C　考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“She is the founder of Beauty 2 The Streetz，a nonprofit that provides free food，clothing，hair，and makeup services to 　2　 people．”可知，她创建该组织的目的是给无家可归的人们提供免费的食物、衣服以及理发等服务。因此，她的行为让无家可归的人感受到了人情味。故选C项。
2．D　考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“She makes the homeless community in Los Angeles feel 　1　．”可知，她创建该组织的目的是给无家可归的人们提供免费的食物、衣服以及理发等服务。故选D项。
3．A　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“In 1990，Raines’ 2-year-old son passed away from an accident．”可知，儿子去世这件事给Shirley Raines带来了很多痛苦。故选A项。
4．B　考查动词辨析。根据空格前的“This 　3　 created a lot of pain for Shirley Raines，which...”可知，句中的which指代的是Shirley Raines失去儿子带来的很多痛苦，该痛苦持续了很多年。故选B项。
5．D　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“And she did not know what to do about it．”可知，她在失去儿子之后不知道做什么。由此可推知，她努力去理解自己的人生目标是什么。故选D项。
6．B　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“She met a lot of homeless people and realised how much 　7　 they needed．”可推知，此处指朋友邀请她去做志愿者工作。故选B项。
7．A　考查名词辨析。根据空格前的“She met a lot of homeless people”和常识可知，她遇到了很多无家可归的人，意识到他们需要多少帮助。故选A项。
8．C　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“they often 　9　. her makeup...an outdoor beauty salon(美容院)...”可推知，她要帮助无家可归的人找到价值和美。故选C项。
9．D　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“She started to offer to ‘　10　’ the homeless．They loved it．”可推知，无家可归的人经常称赞她的妆容、发型和风格。故选D项。
10．B　考查动词短语辨析。根据下文中的“So she started an outdoor beauty salon(美容院) to 　11　 the homeless．”可知，她为无家可归的人化妆。故选B项。
11．A　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，她开了一家户外美容院来服务无家可归的人。故选A项。
12．D　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“So she started an outdoor beauty salon(美容院) to 　11　 the homeless．”可知，Raines为无家可归的人做出了努力。因此，此处指她在社交媒体上分享她的努力。故选D项。
13．B　考查动词短语辨析。根据下文中的“She formed her nonprofit，and then her followers grew to over 200，000 people，including many beauty professionals．”可知，她成立了自己的非营利组织，然后她的关注者增长到20多万，其中包括许多美容专业人士。由此推知，情况变得越来越好。故选B项。
14．A　考查副词辨析。根据空格后的“donate money to keep the services rolling”可知，许多人定期捐款以维持(美容院)服务的运转。故选A项。
15．C　考查名词辨析。根据空格前的“serving as a role model”可知，Shirley采取行动的勇气和愿望正在对人们的生活产生真正的影响，并成为他人的榜样和灵感。故选C项。(共93张PPT)
Period Four　Reading for Writing—Video Time
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
课前自主预习
A．n．绝望　vi．绝望；感到无望
B．vt．装扮；假扮；掩盖　n．伪装；化装用具
C．因此；所以
D．伤害；损害
E．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．The book describes a spiritual journey from despair to happiness． (　　)
2．It rained and therefore the football match was put off． (　　)
3．She couldn’t disguise the fact that she felt uncomfortable. (　　)
【答案】1－3 ACB
4．To harm a person or animal means to cause them physical injury，usually on purpose． (　　)
5．Tension is a feeling of worry and anxiety which makes it difficult for you to relax． (　　)
【答案】4－5 DE
Ⅱ．预备写作素材
1．Beauty and the Beast，____________ Bill，is an amazing American fantasy film．
Bill导演的《美女与野兽》是一部令人惊叹的美国奇幻电影。
【答案】1．directed by
2．Uncle Drew is a famous comedy，whose director is Charles，__________________ in America．
《德鲁大叔》是一部著名的喜剧，导演Charles是美国最著名的导演之一。
3．The film tells of __________________ a boy and a tiger．
这部影片讲述了一个男孩和一只老虎之间的友谊。
【答案】2．one of the most famous directors
3．the friendship between
4．Unusually，it is the female characters that ____________.
不同寻常的是，正是(影片中的)女性角色使我们最感兴趣。
5．____________，the heroine is the character we care about most．
我们最关注女主角，她勇敢、善良、坚强。
【答案】4．interest us most　5．Brave，kind and strong
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．in tears流着泪；含着泪
(P20)She picked herself up and limped away in tears．
【翻译】她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。
Excited and moved，both of them were in tears．
既激动又感动，他们两个都泪流满面。
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
tears of joy 喜悦的泪水
fight back tears＝hold back one’s tears 忍住眼泪
be moved to tears 感动得流泪
be close to tears 几乎要流泪
【短语延伸】
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)Looking at my report card，my mother smiled __________ running in her eyes．
看着我的成绩单，妈妈笑了，眼里流淌着喜悦的泪水。
【答案】(1)with tears of joy
(2)When sensing she was lost in the forest，she ___________.
当意识到自己在森林里迷路了时，她突然大哭起来。
(3)The moment they met，they hugged each other tightly and couldn’t ____________________．
他们一相遇，就紧紧地拥抱着对方，泪水控制不住地流了下来。
【答案】(2)burst into tears
(3)fight back tears/hold back their tears
2．harm n．& vt．伤害；损害
(P20)Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm
【翻译】在这个村子里，难道没有人认为让邻居们远离伤害是他们的责任吗？
(1)be of great harm 危害极大
do harm to sb/sth＝do sb/sth harm 对某人/某物有害
There is no harm in (one’s) doing sth．＝There is no harm (for sb) to do sth．(某人)做某事无妨/无害。
【用法详解】
It wouldn’t do him any harm to work a bit harder．
工作努力点对他没什么害处。
(2)harm sb/sth 伤害某人/某物
(3)harmful adj．有害的
(4)harmless adj．无害的
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The doctor tells me tears help to protect the eye from potentially ________(harm) foreign bodies．
(2)The polluted water does harm ________ people as well as other living things．
(3)Staying up too often will be _______ great harm to people’s health．
【答案】(1)harmful　(2)to　(3)of
3．a great deal (of) 大量
(P20)After a great deal of effort，she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street．
【翻译】经过很大的努力，她最终成功地把这块石头移到了街道的一边。
(1)a great deal of意为“大量；很多”，后接不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)“the number of＋可数名词的复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(3)“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
【短语延伸】
(4)“plenty of/a large quantity of＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词的数要跟of后名词的数一致。
(5)“large quantities of ＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(6)“many a(n)/more than one＋可数名词的单数形式”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(7)“a great/large number of/a good many/quite a few＋可数名词的复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A large quantity of blouses were on sale．
大量的女士衬衫在出售。
Many a student has been sent to plant trees．
很多学生被派去植树。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)A quantity of work __________ (do) to improve our living environment so far．
(2)He told us a number of measures _______(take) to alleviate the problem．
【答案】(1)has been done　(2)were taken
完成句子
(3)需要很多的勇气才能去公开场合做演讲。
It took ______________ to deliver a speech in public．
【答案】(3)a great deal of courage
◇句式解读
1．(P20)After a while，a group of women came along，each balancing a pot of water on her head．
【翻译】过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
【考点提炼】本句中的“each balancing a pot of water on her head”是“代词＋动词的-ing形式”构成的独立主格结构，其中each 是逻辑主语，即动作的发出者。
【归纳拓展】
(1)独立主格的构成：名词/代词＋动词的-ing形式/动词的-ed形式/动词不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。
作用：在句中充当时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状语。
特点：逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，一般用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
※(2)“there＋being”结构：常放在句首，表示原因，其中being 不可省略。
There being no bus，we had to walk home．
由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。
Computers very small，we can use them widely．
电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。
The lights off，we could not go on with the work．
灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。
He was listening attentively in class，his eyes fixed on the blackboard．
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
Many trees，flowers and grass to be planted，our newly-built school will look even more beautiful．
种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back．
每天下午，一个背着一大堆木柴的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。
Some boys came along，each wearing a mask．
一些男孩走了过来，每个人都戴着口罩。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Time ___________(permit)，I’ll assist you in cleaning the kitchen．
(2)It __________(be) hot，many people sit in the shade of the maple．
【答案】(1)permitting　(2)being
(3)Lots of problems ___________(slove)，I have no time to rest．
(4)Tom ______________(appoint) as captain，we went to congratulate him．
【答案】(3)to be solved　(4)appointed
2．(P20)Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road．
【翻译】她和她的朋友都没有想过把石头从路上移开。
【考点提炼】neither...nor...表示“既不……，也不……”，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列成分。
【归纳拓展】
当neither...nor...连接两个主语时，句中的谓语动词应遵循“就近原则”。遵循“就近一致”的结构还有：either...or...，not only...but also...，not...but...，there be...等。
She likes neither butter nor cheese．
她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢奶酪。
My younger brother can neither speak English nor write in it．
我弟弟既不会说英语，也不会用英语写作。
Neither the sisters nor Tom likes to play the violin．
姐妹们和汤姆都不喜欢拉小提琴。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)_________ the teacher _________ the students __________ satisfied with the result．
老师和学生都不满意这个结果。
【答案】(1)Neither；nor；are
(2)It is ______________________________ that matters．
重要的不是你说什么，而是你做什么。
(3)It is not you but she that ______________________．
该受责备的不是你而是她。
【答案】(2)not what you say but what you do　(3)is to blame
写作高效提升
◎话题佳句
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．It goes without saying that the movie is well worth watching.
毫无疑问，这部电影很值得一看。
2．This is a novel written by a famous writer called...
这是一本由一位著名的作家……写的小说。
3．The fable，which tells us...，really has a great effect on me.
这个寓言讲述了……，对我有很大的影响。
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
4．It is recognised that kindness and diligence are both traditional virtues of Chinese people．
公认的是，善良和勤劳都是中国人民的传统美德。
5．It tells us a principle that we should strengthen people’s awareness of social responsibility．
它告诉我们一个道理：我们应该增强人们的社会责任意识。
【回味无穷的结尾句】
6．What we can learn from this fable is that we are supposed to...
从这个寓言我们可以学到的是，我们应该……
7．I strongly hope that you can have a try and it won’t fail to satisfy you．
我强烈希望你能试一试(读一读)，它不会让你失望。
◎写作范例
【写作任务】
请阅读下面这则寓言故事，然后谈谈自己的看法。
An old woman had a cat．The cat was very old，so she could not run quickly，and she could not bite，either．One day the old cat saw a mouse．She jumped and caught the mouse．However，she could not bite it．The mouse got out of her mouth and ran away．Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse．
She began to hit the cat．The cat said，“Do not hit your old servant．I have worked for you for many years，and I would work for you still，but I am too old．Do not be unkind to the old，but remember what good work the old did when they were young．”
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【写作指导】
主题 谈论对寓言故事的看法 体裁 议论文
人称 第一、三人称 时态 一般现在时
布局 第一段：介绍寓言故事的内容； 第二段：阐述自己的看法； 第三段：表达感悟。
【遣词造句】
(1)与某人保持良好的关系________________
(2)对某人粗鲁________________
(3)尽力做某事________________
(4)赞同某人________________
(5)设身处地________________
答案：(1)keep a good relationship with sb
(2)be rude to sb　(3)try one’s best to do sth
(4)agree with sb　(5)put oneself in others’ shoes
【完成句子】
(1)The old woman ____________(打她)．
(2)The cat is ______________________(太老而不能捉老鼠).
(3)Parents are _________________________(最爱我们的人).
(4)____________(有必要保持) a good relationship with them.
答案：(1)hits her　(2)too old to catch a mouse
(3)the people who love us most　(4)It’s necessary to keep
(5)Don’t _____________(对他们粗鲁)．
(6)They have _____________(做了一些错事)．
(7)Sometimes we ________________(与父母意见不一致)．
(8)We should ____________(尽量设身处地) and we will soon understand them．
答案：(5)be rude to them　(6)done something wrong
(7)don’t agree with our parents
(8)try to put ourselves in their shoes
【句式升级】
(9)用because合并(1)(2)句
_________________________________________________
(10)用so合并(3)(4)句
_________________________________________________
答案：(9)The old woman hits her just because the cat is too old to catch a mouse．
(10)Parents are the people who love us most，so it’s necessary to keep a good relationship with them．
(11)用even if合并(5)(6)句
_________________________________________________
(12)用if合并(7)(8)句
_________________________________________________
答案：(11)Don’t be rude to them even if they have done something wrong．
(12)If sometimes we don’t agree with our parents，we should try to put ourselves in their shoes and we will soon understand them.
【连句成篇】
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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One possible version：
In the fable，the cat is very old and can’t bite a mouse．But the old woman hits her just because the cat is too old to catch a mouse．The old lady thinks the cat is useless．
The fable mirrors that we should respect the old．As we all know，our parents will be old one day．Parents are the people who love us most，so it’s necessary to keep a good relationship with them.
Firstly，don’t be rude to them even if they have done something wrong. They have experienced more and always try their best to protect us from dangers. Secondly，if we often talk with them about our life and experiences，we will know each other better.
What’s more，we can often tell our parents how much we love them．If sometimes we don’t agree with our parents，we should try to put ourselves in their shoes and we will soon understand them．
So let’s often communicate with our parents，love and respect them. Remember that what they really want is only the best for us.
◎写作练笔
请阅读下面这则寓言故事，然后谈谈自己的看法。
On a sunny day，a shepherd(牧羊人) walked with his two hungry sheep along a winding country path．He managed to have them two tied to each other just in case they should go separated．It was quite a long time before they arrived at a place where there was merely a small amount of fresh grass on each side of the path．
Both of the sheep were so hungry that they hurried to the grass but in the separated directions．Unfortunately，the rope fastening them was not long enough．No matter how hard they struggled，neither was able to reach the grass in front of them．
The shepherd was about to help them when he was surprised to find that one of them should voluntarily abandon the struggle，and go along with the other．Consequently，together the two sheep enjoyed the fresh grass on one side happily，and then the grass on the other．
注意：
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当；
3．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
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【答案】One possible version：
The fable shares with readers a story about two sheep，both of whom choose cooperation rather than competition in order to enjoy the fresh grass of different sides．
As a matter of fact，the fable mirrors that different attitudes may bring about different results．As an old saying goes，“A chopstick breaks easily while a bunch of them does not．”
Cooperation is therefore the best policy in any case because it can lead to a win-win situation，where both sides can gain benefit by virtue of joint efforts．
In my daily life，I often cooperate with my classmates when playing basketball，taking part in running races or going in for community-service activities．I learn a lot from my classmates and friends by following their advice．Meanwhile，I also do my part to help them in return．It is teamwork that helps us acquire numerous victories．
课 时 作 业
基础练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The bell ____________(ring)，all students rushed into the classroom．
2．Sometimes，we should deal with a problem ___________ (flexible)．
3．My English teacher always assists me _______ my English study．
【答案】1．ringing　2．flexibly　3．with/in
4．He fell down，but he picked ________(he) up quickly and went on．
5．Please stop advertising your products in such a way that may be ________(harm) to our kids．
6．A great deal of water ________(waste) every year，which is not a good thing．
【答案】4．himself　5．harmful　6．is wasted
Ⅱ．短语填空
in memory of；in despair；pass away；in tears；crash into；trip over；a great deal of
1．She cried loudly ____________________ because she lost a big sum of money．
2．The two cars’ windows broke into pieces when they ___________ each other．
【答案】1．in despair　2．crashed into
3．The old man ____________________ a stone in the middle of a road and got injured．
4．I spend ____________________ time thinking about how to do the work well．
【答案】3．tripped over　4．a great deal of
5．Four months after my wedding，my father ____________.
6．They have raised a monument _______________ the great writer．
【答案】5．passed away　6．in memory of
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．It is believed that mobile phones _____________ students’ eyesight．
人们认为手机正在损害学生的视力。
2．A person ______________________ is the most painful．
一个人在绝望中最痛苦。
【答案】1．are harming　2．in despair
3．She ___________ a waitress，but she was still recognised.
她已经把自己伪装成一名服务员，但还是被认出来了。
4．Could you give us a ________________ of these modules
你能给我们简要介绍一下这些模块吗？
【答案】3．disguised herself as　4．short description
Ⅳ．语段填空
1．A serious (1)________(事故) happened to the (2)________ (董事长) of a big company．He was injured in a car crash at (3)__________(午夜). Luckily，he was sent to the hospital in time and he could recover after a series of (4)____________(手术)．
【答案】1．(1)accident　(2)chairman
(3)midnight　(4)operations
2．In summer vacation we can do a part-time job，which can bring us both (1)____________(收入) and working experience. However，we should spare some time to study (2)__________(每一) day．(3)__________(因此)，we should make a (4)________ (灵活的) plan for summer vacation．
【答案】2．(1)income　(2)per　(3)Therefore　(4)flexible
提升练
Ⅰ．阅读理解
Russell Cassevah，who has a strong love for Lego，has found the perfect way of spreading joy，one little block at a time. Cassevah started a nationwide mission(使命) to bring joy to children in hospitals．His non-profit organisation，Little Bricks Charity，brings sets of LEGO，and smiles，to children’s hospitals．Through his non-profit organisation，Cassevah has found his purpose in life．
Since Cassevah was four years old，he has been obsessed with the Danish building bricks，and he spent all his spare time playing with them．And as an adult，he clearly continues to love the little colourful bricks．He has even broken Guinness World Records many times by walking on LEGO without wearing shoes!
After breaking his amazing world records，he decided to use his love for LEGO to give back．He made a decision to leave his day job and invest(投资) everything he has in creating a non-profit organisation. His goal is to travel throughout the country delivering LEGO sets to children’s hospitals and uplifting the children and the well-being of young patients in their greatest time of need．
The non-profit organisation，Little Bricks Charity，gave away about 250 LEGO sets to young patients at Yale New Haven Children’s Hospital．Most of the funding，about 80 percent of it，comes from their online community，as the charity has been using the platform to promote their work and has got many followers. They now have more than a million followers and have delivered 170 thousand dollars worth of LEGO sets thanks to the social media platform．
Cassevah has provided smiles and joy for many children facing challenging situations．With each LEGO set he delivers，he aims to spark(激发) creativity and imagination that can hopefully still be part of the young patients’ lives and minds．
(　　)1．What is the purpose of Little Bricks Charity
A．To sell LEGO toys in children’s hospitals．
B．To please children in children’s hospitals．
C．To help people find their purpose in life．
D．To teach children to play with LEGOs．
(　　)2．What do the underlined words “obsessed with” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Free from． B．Hungry for．
C．Crazy about． D．Successful in．
(　　)3．What can we learn about Little Bricks Charity from the fourth paragraph
A．Its new plans． B．Its major mission．
C．Its wide popularity． D．Its challenges．
(　　)4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Making a Difference Block by Block
B．Meeting Children in Hospitals
C．Letting Children Love LEGOs
D．Passing Love One by One
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Russell Cassevah因热爱乐高积木而创立非营利组织Little Bricks Charity，通过向儿童医院的孩子们赠送乐高玩具，在困难时刻为他们带来快乐和鼓舞的故事。
1．B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Cassevah started a nationwide mission(使命) to bring joy...to children’s hospitals．”可知，该组织为儿童医院带来了乐高玩具和微笑。由此可推知，该组织的目的是取悦儿童医院的孩子们。故选B项。
2．C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...he spent all his spare time playing with...by walking on LEGO without wearing shoes！”可知，他对乐高很痴迷。由此可推知，画线短语obsessed with的意思是“痴迷于”，与C项“crazy about”意思相近。故选C项。
3．C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Most of the funding，about 80 percent of it...worth of LEGO sets thanks to the social media platform．”可知，该段描述了该组织在社交媒体上拥有众多粉丝，并在粉丝中具有一定的号召力。由此推知，从该段可以了解到该组织的广泛受欢迎程度。故选C项。
4．A　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的“Russell Cassevah...one little block at a time．”以及最后一段中的“With each LEGO set he delivers...the young patients’ lives and minds．”可知，全文围绕Cassevah通过一次一小块乐高积木向儿童病患传递快乐和改变展开，因此，A项“通过一块块乐高积木创造改变”贴合主题，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
Ⅱ．完形填空
On a November afternoon in Mishawaka，Cindy had just climbed into her car when a woman carrying a microphone 　1　，introducing herself as Kennedy，from ABC57 News．“I’m looking for someone who might know somebody that could use a
　2　，” Kennedy said．
After a moment’s thought，Cindy remembered a post on the Internet about a man—Mark in Buchanan，whose house had been burned two days earlier，leaving him and his two sons 　3　．
“If we can 　4　 the family in 57 minutes，we’ll give them $570，” Kennedy encouraged．
The 　5　 was on. Kennedy started the timer．With Kennedy and her cameraman 　6　，Cindy led the way past small towns，across the state line and up to the destination，losing 　7　. minutes while they asked for directions. They knocked repeatedly，but no one answered. The timer 　8　 41 minutes and 49 seconds. They were about to 　9　 when a teenage boy opened the door．It was the younger brother of Mark．“My brother is at work，” he said．
The timer had passed 51 minutes when they 　10　 through the door of the factory where Mark worked and 　11　 asked the woman behind the desk to call him to the office．The timer passed 55 minutes．“Come on，Mark，run！” Cindy talked to herself．Then a(n) 　12　 appeared outside the window，slowly walking to the door．　13　，with only three seconds to spare，Kennedy awarded Mark the money．
The 57-Minute Miracles series，launched in 2014，aims to find someone in need and 　14　 a $570 miracle within 57 minutes．This story is one of many that show the series’ 　15　. lesson: the eagerness of ordinary people to bring light into someone else’s life．
(　　)1．A．smiled B．approached
C．responded D．waited
(　　)2．A．miracle B．proposal
C．method D．benefit
(　　)3．A．homeless B．fearless
C．careless D．restless
(　　)4．A．support B．join
C．reach D．raise
(　　)5．A．rescue B．story
C．show D．race
(　　)6．A．promising B．testing
C．following D．noticing
(　　)7．A．reasonable B．precious
C．sure D．correct
(　　)8．A．meant B．took
C．rang D．read
(　　)9．A．give in B．give off
C．give out D．give up
(　　)10．A．burst B．walked
C．slid D．wandered
(　　)11．A．gradually B．hurriedly
C．confidently D．suddenly
(　　)12．A．cameraman B．figure
C．image D．creature
(　　)13．A．Recently B．Suddenly
C．Finally D．Gradually
(　　)14．A．deliver B．expect
C．discover D．experience
(　　)15．A．freest B．sharpest
C．greatest D．happiest
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了ABC57新闻的肯尼迪和辛迪在57分钟内找到因房子被烧而陷入困境的马克，并给他送去570美元的故事，展现了普通人乐于助人的热情。
1．B　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“introducing herself as Kennedy，from ABC57 News”以及常识可知，Kennedy要进行自我介绍，是要先走到Cindy跟前，所以此处指Kennedy走近Cindy。故选B项。
2．A　考查名词辨析。根据最后一段中的“The 57-Minute Miracles series...a $570 miracle within 57 minutes．”以及语境可知，此处指Kennedy是在找一个可能认识某个需要奇迹的人。故选A项。
3．A　考查形容词辨析。根据空格前的“whose house had been burned two days earlier”可知，Mark家的房子被烧，因此，Mark和他的儿子们是无家可归的。故选A项。
4．C　考查动词辨析。根据第四段中的“With Kennedy and her cameraman...but no one answered．”以及第五段首句“The timer had passed 51 minutes...the door of the factory where Mark worked...”可知，他们一直在努力找到Mark一家，因此，此处指在57分钟内接触到这家人。故选C项。
5．D　考查名词辨析。根据上文“‘If we can 　4　 the family in 57 minutes，we’ll give them $570，’ Kennedy encouraged．”以及下文“Kennedy started the timer．”可知，此处指比赛开始了。故选D项。
6．C　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“Cindy led the way past small towns，across the state line and up to the destination”以及语境可知，Kennedy和她的摄影师跟着Cindy走。故选C项。
7．B　考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“minutes while they asked for directions”以及语境可知，此处指在问路时浪费了宝贵的时间。故选B项。
8．D　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“41 minutes and 49 seconds”以及第五段首句中的“The timer had passed 51 minutes”可知，此处指计时器显示41分49秒。故选D项。
9．D　考查动词短语辨析。根据上文“They knocked repeatedly，but no one answered．”以及语境可知，多次敲门无人应答，此处指他们准备放弃。故选D项。
10．A　考查动词辨析。根据空格前的“The timer had passed 51 minutes”以及语境可知，由于时间紧迫，因此他们冲进了Mark工作的工厂的门。故选A项。
11．B　考查副词辨析。根据空格前的“The timer had passed 51 minutes”以及语境可知，时间紧迫，所以他们是匆忙地请求女人叫Mark到办公室。故选B项。
12．B　考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“appeared outside the window，slowly walking to the door”以及语境可知，此处指一个身影出现在窗外，慢慢地向门口走来。故选B项。
13．C　考查副词辨析。根据空格后的“with only three seconds to spare，Kennedy awarded Mark the money”以及语境可知，最后只剩下三秒钟时，Kennedy把钱给了Mark。故选C项。
14．A　考查动词辨析。根据第三段中的“If we can 　4　. the family in 57 minutes，we’ll give them $570”以及语境可知，此处指“57分钟奇迹”系列节目旨在57分钟内找到有需要的人并送上570美元。故选A项。
15．C　考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“the eagerness of ordinary people to bring light into someone else’s life”以及语境可知，此处指这个故事是展示了该系列节目最大启示的故事之一。故选C项。(共96张PPT)
Period Two　Reading and Thinking
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.猜词意
A．拒绝接受；不录用
B．vt．回答；回复　vi．做出反应；回应
C．精力充沛的；充满活力的
D．(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
E．任命；委派
1．You should exercise more so as to keep energetic and you can work efficiently． (　　)
2．After careful consideration，we have decided to appoint Mr Davis to the job． (　　)
3．Let me illustrate what I mean with a vivid example． (　　)
【答案】1－3 CED
4．If you reject something such as a proposal，a request or an offer，you do not accept it or you do not agree to it． (　　)
5．When you respond to something that is done or said，you react to it by doing or saying something yourself． (　　)
【答案】4－5 AB
Ⅱ．猜单词拼写
1．illustrate vt．(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→ ________ n．插图，图解；说明，例释
(参考：operate→operation)
2．reject vt．拒绝接受；不录用→ __________ n．拒绝接受；否决
(参考：construct→construction)
【答案】1．illustration　2．rejection
3．precious adj．珍稀的；宝贵的→ ________ (形近词) adj．以前的；先前的；(时间或顺序上)稍前的
(参考：follow→fellow)
4．scholar＋ship→ ________ n．奖学金
(参考：hand＋bag→handbag)
【答案】3．previous　4．scholarship
5．appoint vt．任命；委派→ ________ n．约会；约定；任命，委派；职务
(参考：disagree→disagreement)
6．respond vt．回答；回复 vi．做出反应；回应→ ________ n．反应；回答；回复
(参考：defend→defense)
【答案】5．appointment　6．response
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．Of the first Spanish to go to California，______________ were religious men．
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士。
2．I’m going to ______________ the manager about this．
我要就这件事向经理投诉。
【答案】1．the majority　2．complain to
3．His illness didn’t _____________ the treatment by drugs．
药物治疗对他的疾病没有反应。
4．Who shall we ______________ chairman
我们选派谁担任主席呢？
5．________________，he would be able to look back on his life with satisfaction．
当他退休时，他就可以非常满意地回顾他的一生。
【答案】3．respond to　4．appoint as　5．When he retired
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ．阅读课文，完成下面的思维导图
【答案】1．principle　2．medicine
【答案】3．tending　4．married
Ⅱ．阅读课文，选择正确选项
(　　)1．What did Lin Qiaozhi’s brother want her to do
A．To study medicine．
B．To get married．
C．To find a job．
D．To support the family．
【答案】B
(　　)2．Why did Lin Qiaozhi reject her American colleagues’ offer
A．Because she wanted to study further in Europe．
B．Because she wanted to be a chief resident physician．
C．Because she wanted to work for her motherland．
D．Because she wanted to be with her family．
【答案】C
(　　)3．What did Lin Qiaozhi do after her department was closed
A．She started her own clinic．
B．She worked in another hospital．
C．She worked for the government．
D．She requested to hold an important position．
【答案】A
(　　)4．What can we know about the life of Lin Qiaozhi
A．She had babies of her own．
B．She devoted herself to the patients．
C．She built a kindergarten to help the poor．
D．She was interested in the positions in government．
【答案】B
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Lin Qiaozhi 1._______(know) as the “mother of ten thousand babies” because she had delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime．When she was 18 years old，she chose to study medicine instead of following the 2.________(tradition) path of marriage like the majority of girls．
【答案】1．was known　2．traditional
After graduating from Peking Union Medical College，she immediately became the first woman to be hired as 3.__________ resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital．A few years 4.________(late)，she was sent to study in Europe and then in the US．Her American colleagues wanted her to stay in the US，5._______ she refused because she wanted to work for her motherland．
【答案】3．a　4．later　5．but
Then during the war，she opened her own clinic 6._________ (help) the patients．After the foundation of the new People’s Republic of China，she held many important 7.________ (position)，but she was more interested 8._______ tending patients. Dr Lin didn’t retire 9._______ the day she died，22 April 1983，10.________(leave) all her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors．
【答案】6．to help　7．positions　8．in
9．until　10．leaving
课堂新知讲练
◇词汇拓讲
1．majority n．大部分；大多数
(P16)At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to work and study．
【翻译】18 岁时，她没有像大多数女孩一样走传统的婚姻之路，而是选择了工作和学习。
【用法详解】
(1)the/a majority of...大多数的……
in the/a majority 占多数
(2)major adj．主要的；重要的；大的
n．主修课程；专业　vi．主修
major in 主修
play a major role/part in sth 在某事中起重要作用
The majority of them took an online language test before starting their programme．
他们中的大多数在开始这个课程前参加了网上语言测试。
(3)minor adj．次要的→minority n．少数
a minority of...少数的……
in the minority 占少数
※【拓展提升】
(1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。
(2)“the/a majority of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词的数保持一致。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)____________________ intend to save，but find that by the end of the month there is nothing left．
大多数人都想要储蓄，但到月底的时候却发现一分不剩了。
【答案】(1)The majority of people
(2)Your morals and beliefs will __________________ shaping your character．
你的道德观和价值观对塑造你的性格有很大作用。
(3)Only ____________ students can play classical instruments in my class．
我的班里只有少数学生会弹奏古典乐器。
【答案】(2)play a major role/part in　(3)a minority of
2．complain vi．& vt．抱怨；发牢骚
(P16)“...Finding a good husband should be their final goal！”her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees.
【翻译】“……找一个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标！” 想到高额的学费，她的哥哥就抱怨道。
【用法详解】
(1)complain about...抱怨……
complain to sb about sth 向某人抱怨某事
complain (to sb) that...(向某人)抱怨……
(2)complaint n．抱怨
make a complaint to sb about sth 向某人抱怨某事
a flood of complaints 大量的投诉
My father never complains．
我的父亲从不抱怨。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)He phoned a newspaper reporter to complain ________ the reporter’s story．
【答案】(1)about
(2)Jane is my best friend and I can complain ________ her when I am unhappy．
(3)I’d like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my ________ (complain)．
【答案】(2)to　(3)complaint
3．respond vt．回答；回复　vi．做出反应；回应
(P16)She responded，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！”
【翻译】她回答道：“为了学习，我宁愿一辈子单身！”
【用法详解】
(1)respond to...(with sth) 回答；回复；对……做出反应
respond that...回答说……
(2)response n．反应；回答；回复
in response to 作为对……的答复/反应
make a response (to...) (对……)做出回应/反应
They are likely to respond positively to the farmers’ request for aid．
他们可能会对农民的援助请求做出积极回应。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)After all，knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly ________ emergencies．
【答案】(1)to
(2)We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip，but no one ________ (respond) by now．
(3)He made no ________ (respond) to my question，and went on with his movie．
【答案】(2)has responded　(3)response
4．appoint vt．任命；委派
(P16)In 1941，Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital...
【翻译】在1941年，林医生成为中国第一位被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任的女性……
【用法详解】
(1)appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
appoint sb as/to be＋职务 任命某人担任某职务
(2)appointment n．约会；任命
make an appointment with sb 与某人约会
(3)appointed 　adj．约定的；指定的
His high school coach appointed him to be/as manager of the team．
他所在中学的教练任命他为球队领队。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)It made sense to appoint a patient woman ________ (deal) with this matter．
【答案】(1)to deal
(2)Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ (appoint) to guard her．
(3)If you want to see the doctor，you’d better make an ______ (appoint) with him in advance．
(4)Learning that he has been appointed________ chairman of the student union，he was filled with joy．
【答案】(2)appointed　(3)appointment　(4)as
5．tend vt．照顾；照料　vi．倾向；趋于
(P17)She was more interested in tending patients，...
【翻译】她对照顾病人更感兴趣，……
【用法详解】
(1)tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
tend (to) sb/sth 照料/照看/护理
tend to be 倾向于；趋向于
tend on 照料；招待
(2)tendency n．倾向；趋势
have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向
A team of medical workers were sent to tend the survivors of the earthquake．
一组医护人员被派去照顾地震后的幸存者。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Stop smoking! The doctors say that too much smoking tends __________(cause) cancer．
【答案】(1)to cause
(2)In order to tend __________ my children，I have to stay at home．
(3)He has a _________(tend) to get angry when people oppose his plan．
完成句子
(4)These plants _________________ in the more rural areas．
这些植物倾向于生长在更偏远的乡村地区。
【答案】(2)to/on　(3)tendency　(4)have a tendency to grow
6．elect vt．选举；推选
(P17)In 1954，she was elected to the first National People’s Congress and，over the next several decades，she held many important positions．
【翻译】1954年，她当选第一届全国人大代表；在随后的几十年间，她担任许多重要职位。
【用法详解】
(1)elect sb to...选举某人进入……
elect sb (as/to be)...选举某人为……
elect to do sth 选择做某事；决定做某事
(2)election n．选举；推选；当选
run for an election参加竞选
All the students elected Tom (as/to be) monitor of our class．
所有的学生都选举汤姆作为我们班的班长。
(3)elective adj．选举的；可选择的
n．选修课程
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)Buchanan had never held ________ (elect) office．
(2)She won the ________ (elect) by a clear majority．
完成句子
(3)Increasing numbers of people ________ at home nowadays.
现在越来越多的人选择在家上班。
【答案】(1)elective　(2)election　(3)elect to work
7．scared adj．害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
(P17)She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should (respond) to the questions．
【翻译】她在面试中非常害怕，以至于完全忘记了自己应该如何(回答)这些问题。
【用法详解】
When the other passengers were scared to death，that child was completely calm and brave．
当其他乘客都被吓得要死时，那个孩子却十分冷静，毫不畏惧。
scare sb into doing sth 威胁/恐吓某人做某事
scare sb/sth away/off 把某人/物吓跑
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)When that dog jumped out at me，I froze with terror，too ________(scare) to move an inch．
(2)They made very loud noises in order to scare the birds ________．
【答案】(1)scared　(2)away/off
一句多译
(3)我丈夫和我害怕我们会被凶猛的熊伤害。
→My husband and I_____________ by the fierce bear．
(be scared of doing sth)
【答案】(3)were scared of being hurt
→My husband and I_____________ by the fierce bear．
(be scared to do sth)
→My husband and I_____________ by the fierce bear．
(be scared that...)
【答案】were scared to be hurt；were scared that we would be hurt
8．energetic adj．精力充沛的；充满活力的
(P17)One of the advantages of (hiring) energetic and positive young people is that they (tend) to show interest in their work and they are eager to learn．
【翻译】(雇用)精力充沛、积极向上的年轻人的好处之一是，他们(往往)对自己的工作表现出兴趣，并且渴望学习。
【用法详解】
(1)be energetic in doing...积极地做……
(2)energetically adv．精力充沛地
(3)energy n．活力；精力；能源；能量
be full of energy 精力充沛
have the energy to do sth 有精力做某事
apply/devote one’s energy to...把某人的精力花在……上
Do you wake up every morning feeling energetic
你每天早上起来时感觉精力充沛吗？
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)The teenagers have many virtues，who are lively and ________(energy)．
【答案】(1)energetic
(2)She had worked __________(energetic) all day on her new book．
(3)He works so hard that he doesn’t have the energy ________ (exercise)．
【答案】(2)energetically　(3)to exercise
◇句式解读
1．(P16)To a person nothing is more precious than their life，...
【翻译】对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……
【考点提炼】本句中的“nothing is more precious than”是“否定词＋比较级”结构，即形容词的比较级用于否定结构中，可以表示最高级含义。
【归纳拓展】
其他表示最高级的结构：
(1)比较级＋than＋the other＋复数名词/the rest of ＋复数名词/any of the other＋复数名词/any other ＋单数名词；
(2)比较级＋than＋anything/anyone else；
(3)在比较句型中使用no，nobody，nothing等词。
He works harder than any other student．
他学习最用功。
She goes to school earlier than the other girls．
她比其他女孩上学都早。
George did more work than anyone else．
乔治干活最多。
I like nothing better than swimming．
我最喜欢游泳。
【针对练习】
完成句子
(1)I have ______________ than this．
我从未读过比这本更有趣的书。
(2)I can tell you that ___________ being praised by the teacher in front of the class．
我可以告诉你，在同学面前被老师赞扬是最好的事了。
【答案】(1)never read a more interesting book
(2)there is nothing better than
2．(P16)She reported，“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！”
【翻译】她回答道：“为了学习，我宁愿一辈子单身！”
【考点提炼】“would rather＋动词原形”表示“宁愿做某事”。
【归纳拓展】
(1)would rather do...than do＝would do...rather than do...＝prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
(2)would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事
(3)would rather (sb) have done sth 宁愿(某人)过去做过某事
(4)would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事
(5)would rather后面也可以接从句(如果从句用一般过去时，则表示现在或将来；如果从句用过去完成时，则表示过去)
Liu Hulan would rather die than surrender before the enemy.
刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。
I would rather have taken his advice．
我宁愿过去接受他的意见。
I would rather I had passed the examination last week．
我真希望通过上星期的考试。
I would rather you came next Saturday．
我宁愿你下周六过来。
【针对练习】
单句语法填空
(1)She would rather _____________ (move) to another city immediately．
(2)Jane would rather ________ (be) more careful at that time.
【答案】(1)move　(2)had been
(3)I’d rather you _________ (meet) her at the airport tomorrow morning．
完成句子
(4)I ______________ at a clear，star-filled sky than a TV set.
我宁可凝视繁星满天的晴朗夜空也不愿盯着电视机。
【答案】(3)met　(4)would rather stare
课 时 作 业
基础练
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Old people and children tend __________(cheat) easily by strangers in the daily life．
2．Sorry，but I have to entrust you _________ this matter．
3．Today the number of netizens in our country has increased ________(sharp)．
【答案】1．to be cheated　2．with　3．sharply
4．I am caught in ________ dilemma when choosing a major for myself．
5．I refuse to lie about whether I agree with him；it’s ______ my principles．
6．It’s surprising that the man __________(appoint) to be our manager should be a Japanese．
【答案】4．a　5．against　6．appointed
7．Graduates today get more creative in their career pursuits，and can quickly respond ________ and then change with what the market demands．
8．Owing to his great work，Mandela ________(elect) to be president of South Africa．
【答案】7．to　8．was elected
9．Then a ______(reject) letter arrived from Streatham branch
—he wasn’t a union member．
10．When I had my first exam，I failed in it and felt so _____ (scare) that I even didn’t want to go to school again．
【答案】9．rejection　10．scared
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．I’d rather you _____________ yesterday．
我宁愿你昨天没有来。
2．The boy was last _______________ in the park with some children．
最后见到那个男孩和一些孩子在公园里玩耍。
【答案】1．hadn’t come　2．seen playing
3．To me，this gift is unique，and nothing can ___________ in my heart．
对于我来说，这件礼物是独一无二的，没有什么可以代替它在我心里的位置。
4．I’m sure that those who agree to the plan will be ________.
我可以肯定，同意这个计划的人将会占多数。
【答案】3．replace its position　4．in the majority
5．It is the green shade from the trees that protects us from the sun，making us ________________________．
正是树上的绿荫保护了我们不受阳光的照射，让我们感到更有活力。
6．Nothing is ________________________ travelling．
没有什么比旅行更令人愉快的了。
【答案】5．feel more energetic　6．more pleasant than
提升练
Ⅰ．阅读理解
Many adventurers use their travels to raise awareness about environmental issues，help people in need or raise money for charities．Let’s look at some of the 21st century’s greatest adventurers．
Hungry for Adventure
Meagan McGrath from Canada has climbed the highest mountain on each continent and run a long-distance race in the Sahara Desert．But perhaps her most remarkable journey was a skiing trip to the South Pole．Faced with many challenges，she decided to carry on and finally reached the South Pole forty days later．
Amazon Adventurer
Ed Stafford from the UK is the first person to walk the length of the Amazon River．He used a radio to ask the people of the Amazon Rainforest for food and permission to cross their land．As he walked，Ed used the media interest in his trip to protest about the destruction of the rainforest and raise money for environmental and children’s charities in Brazil and Peru．
A Mountain Climber
Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner from Austria fell in love with mountain climbing as a teenager．Having climbed Everest，she decided to climb all fourteen of the world’s 8，000-metre peaks. To increase the challenge，Gerlinde climbed without using oxygen tanks，which was risky．Gerlinde uses her fame as a climber to support a charity for poor children and orphans in Nepal．
Multi-adventurer
Erik Weihenmayer from the US is a multi-adventurer．He’s ridden a bike through the deserts of Morocco，kayaked through the Grand Canyon and climbed Everest．Amazingly，Erik has been blind since the age of 13．Apart from his travels，he tries to encourage people with disabilities to take on climbing expeditions and live active lives．
(　　)1．Who adventured to raise funds for environmental issues
A．Meagan McGrath．
B．Ed Stafford．
C．Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner．
D．Erik Weihenmayer．
(　　)2．Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner made her climbing more challenging by ________．
A．climbing without a support team
B．refusing to use climbing equipment
C．climbing the most dangerous peaks
D．climbing without extra oxygen supply
(　　)3．Why does the author mention Erik Weihenmayer’s blindness
A．To show the dangers Erik faced．
B．To list Erik’s major achievements．
C．To highlight Erik’s great goal．
D．To tell when Erik became blind．
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个21世纪最伟大的冒险家。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As he walked，Ed used the media interest in...for environmental and children’s charities in Brazil and Peru．”可知，Ed Stafford冒险是为了给环保问题筹集资金。故选B项。
2．D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“To increase the challenge，Gerlinde climbed without using oxygen tanks，which was risky．”可知，Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner在攀登过程中进一步增加了难度，她此次攀登没有使用氧气罐，与D项意义一致。故选D项。
3．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Amazingly，Erik has been blind...to take on climbing expeditions and live active lives．”可知，作者提及Erik Weihenmayer的失明情况是为了突出他的伟大目标。故选C项。
Ⅱ．七选五
The teenage years are crucial．Values and virtues formed now deeply impact the future．In this challenging time，teenagers should develop virtues to build a strong foundation．　1　.
Being Honest and Reliable(可靠的)
Honesty and reliability are traditional Chinese virtues and essential for teenagers．
Being honest means not lying，not hiding the truth，and bravely facing mistakes．Being reliable means keeping promises and trying hard to fulfill them．　2　 In friendships，they should keep promises，not make them lightly，and work hard to fulfill them. Only by being honest and reliable can one earn trust and respect，build good relationships，and create favourable conditions for the future．
Respect for Others
　3　 Teenagers should respect others’ personalities，rights，and choices．Respect classmates’ opinions，listen，and don’t interrupt．Respect reduces conflicts and enhances friendships，creating a warm，harmonious environment．
Diligent(刻苦的) Study
Diligence in youth prevents regret in old age．　4　 Cherish time，plan well，and work hard without fearing difficulties. Solve problems by reading，asking teachers，or discussing with classmates．Stay curious，expand knowledge，and develop creative thinking and practical skills．Diligent study enhances personal quality，perseverance，and a positive spirit．
Gratitude
Gratitude is a virtue and a life attitude．Teenagers should be thankful to their parents for life，love，and care；to teachers for their hard work and guidance；to classmates and friends for support；and to society for a good environment and resources. Gratitude helps people cherish what they have．　5　 Teenagers can show gratitude by studying hard，repaying their parents，and helping others，making gratitude a habit and spreading warmth．
A．Here are four important virtues for teenagers．
B．Respecting others is key to a harmonious society．
C．But diligent study is what a teenager can do easily．
D．It makes them understand the importance of giving back too．
E．Hard study is crucial for teenagers to gain knowledge and skills．
F．Let’s work together to help teenagers grow strong with the following virtues．
G．Teenagers should avoid cheating or copying in learning，showing real efforts．
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年应该培养的四种美德。
1．A　根据上文“In this challenging time，teenagers should develop virtues to build a strong foundation．”提到青少年应该培养美德，以及下文具体介绍了四种美德可知，A项“以下是青少年的四大美德。”承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。
2．G　根据本段小标题“Being Honest and Reliable(可靠的)”以及下文“In friendships，they should keep promises，not make them lightly，and work hard to fulfill them．”可知，本段主要说明青少年要诚实可靠。
G项“青少年在学习中应避免作弊或抄袭，表现出真正的努力。”呼应本段主题，且和下文形成并列关系。故选G项。
3．B　根据本段小标题“Respect for Others”可知，本段主要指出青少年要尊重他人。B项“尊重他人是和谐社会的关键。”符合本段主题。故选B项。
4．E　根据本段小标题“Diligent(刻苦的) Study”以及下文“Cherish time，plan well，and work hard...and develop creative thinking and practical skills．”可知，空格处应与刻苦学习有关。E项“努力学习对青少年获得知识和技能至关重要。”重申刻苦学习的核心作用，引出下文关于如何刻苦学习，符合语境。故选E项。
5．D　根据上文“Gratitude helps people cherish what they have．”以及下文“Teenagers can show gratitude...and spreading warmth．”可知，空格处应与感恩的作用有关。D项“这也让他们明白了回馈社会的重要性。”符合语境。故选D项。(共81张PPT)
UNIT 2　单元测试卷
(满分：100分　建议用时：90分钟)
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
第一部分　语言知识(15分)
第一节　单句语法填空(10分)
1．He replaced the pudding ______ mashed potatoes just now.
2．In spite of the difficulty，I will carry ________ my plan．
3．Typically，people tend _______(make) mistakes when tired.
4．She majors in history while the __________(major) of her friends major in science．
【答案】1．with　2．out　3．to make　4．majority
5．China is starting research into 6G，________(make) it one of the first countries to do so．
6．My colleague，Sam，________(appoint) as manager of the engineering department to replace George last week．
7．I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day，and I still don’t feel like responding __________ any of her online messages．
【答案】5．making　6．was appointed　7．to
8．My _________(assist) will now demonstrate the machine in action．
9．There _________(be) no trucks，we had to use carts in the past decades．
10．Some young mothers have no idea that fruit juice can be ________(harm) to their children’s teeth．
【答案】8．assistant　9．being　10．harmful
第二节　选词填空(5分)
be affected by；would rather；complain about；be scared of；tend to；trip over；be elected to　
11．After all，we ________________ do what we like doing and what we delight in．
12．If you leave your shoes lying around like that，you’ll ______________ them．
【答案】11．tend to　12．trip over
13．I really don’t like to do housework．I _____________ do anything than clean house．
14．The south of the country _____________ the drought last year．
15．Almost every child __________ something，from snakes to dogs．
【答案】13．would rather　14．was affected by
15．is scared of
第二部分　阅读(30分)
第一节　阅读理解(20分)
A
John Dewey
Birthplace: Burlington，Vermont，the US
A faithful advocate of progressive education and liberalism，the American philosopher was the founder of the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools．
John Dewey’s famous writings included The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology and Human Nature and Conduct．According to him，passion for knowledge and intellectual curiosity were central to a teacher．
Savitribai Phule
Birthplace: Naigaon，India
Savitribai Phule was a revolutionary social reformer who devoted her life to educating girls and bringing about gender equality in the face of resistance from the conservative Indian society. Phule，who was illiterate(文盲的) until her marriage，went on to become a teacher，an achievement accomplished first by an Indian woman．With her husband，she founded schools for girls in Maharashtra．
Maria Montessori
Birthplace: Chiaravalle，Italy
Maria Montessori was an Italian educator and physician best known for developing the Montessori method of education，a student-friendly method，which is being used in several public and private schools around the world．In 2020，she was nominated(提名) by Time magazine as one of their Top 100 Women of the Year．
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Birthplace: Geneva，Switzerland
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher，composer，and writer．His political philosophy influenced aspects of the French Revolution．He also helped develop modern economic，political，and educational thought．His writing inspired a complete change in French drama and poetry．His works also influenced such writers around the world as Tolstoy．
(　　)16．Who set up the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools
A．Savitribai Phule．
B．John Dewey．
C．Maria Montessori．
D．Jean-Jacques Rousseau．
(　　)17．What do we know about Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A．He founded schools for girls in Maharashtra．
B．He emphasised teachers’ passion and curiosity．
C．He developed a student-friendly teaching method．
D．He had a great impact on French drama and poetry．
(　　)18．What do the four figures mentioned in the passage have in common
A．They were all influential in education．
B．They all fought for gender equality in schools．
C．They were all nominated as Top 100 Teachers of the Year.
D．They all helped develop political and educational thought.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位在教育领域做出重要贡献或对教育有深远影响的人物。
16．B　细节理解题。根据John Dewey部分中的“A faithful advocate of progressive education and liberalism，the American philosopher was the founder of the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools．”可知，John Dewey创办了芝加哥大学附属实验学校。故选B项。
17．D　细节理解题。根据Jean-Jacques Rousseau部分中的“His writing inspired a complete change in French drama and poetry．”可知，Jean-Jacques Rousseau对法国戏剧和诗歌有很大的影响。故选D项。
18．A　细节理解题。通读全文可知，这四个人物的共同之处是都在教育领域很有影响力。故选A项。
B
Sia Godika was 13 when she noticed the barefoot children of construction workers at a building site near her house in the upscale Koramangala District of Bangalore，India．
“Their feet were bare，cracked，hard，dirty，bleeding，” reflects Sia，now 17．“They were just walking around that construction site like it was an everyday practice for them．” And it was: In that moment，Sia realised the troubling contrast to her own privilege(特权)．
Returning home，she looked at her collection of shoes—many of which had lain unused red for months or even years．Then，inspired by a desire to make a difference，she decided to do with the support of her parents and community volunteers，Sia founded Sole Warriors，a charity aimed to provide footwear to those in need with its motto: “Donate a sole，save a soul．”
The idea，which started as a dinner conversation with her parents，quickly grew．After she spread the words with posters，requests from people who wanted to help came flooding in．For months，Sia was busy with schoolwork and her new passion(激情) project．“I was up till 2 am creating Excel sheets to see which apartment buildings we could find for donations and contacting people．” Now in its fifth year，the organisation runs distribution drives where used footwear is collected，repaired and donated to people in need．
Yet，the need remains huge．With about 300 million people unable to afford footwear and over 90 percent of shoes ending up in landfills，the challenge to Sole Warriors is very great．
Despite facing many challenges，Sia didn’t give up．In 2021，her efforts were recognised with the Diana Award. However，Sia sees this as just the beginning．“Our goal has always been to touch a million feet，” she says．
(　　)19．What does the underlined word “upscale” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Humble． B．Abandoned．
C．Energetic． D．Prosperous．
(　　)20．How does Sole Warriors help those in need
A．By providing food． B．By offering shelter．
C．By donating footwear． D．By giving mental support．
(　　)21．Which of the following can best describe Sia
A．Polite and generous．
B．Honest and successful．
C．Ambitious and strict．
D．Hardworking and determined．
(　　)22．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Building Up Your Confidence
B．Starting with a Community Group
C．Walking in Someone Else’s Shoes
D．Making a Difference with Challenges
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sia Godika的善行，她在13岁时看见建筑工人的孩子们没有鞋子穿之后，在父母和社区志愿者的帮助下成立了慈善组织Sole Warriors，致力于为有需要的人提供鞋子。
19．D　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“And it was: In that moment，Sia realised the troubling contrast to her own privilege(特权)．”以及第三段中的“Returning home，she looked at her collection of shoes—many of which had lain unused red for months or even years．”由此推知，Sia的家位于繁华的住宅区。因此，画线词upscale意为“繁华的”，与prosperous词义相近。故选D项。
20．C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Now in its fifth year，the organisation runs distribution drives where used footwear is collected，repaired and donated to people in need．”可知，Sole Warriors这个组织的运作方式是收集、修理旧鞋子，然后捐赠给需要帮助的人。因此，Sole Warriors通过捐赠鞋子来帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选C项。
21．D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For months，Sia was busy with schoolwork and her new passion(激情) project．‘I was up till 2 am creating...donations and contacting people．’”可知，Sia很勤奋；再根据最后一段中的“Despite facing many challenges，Sia didn’t give up．In 2021，her efforts were recognised with the Diana Award.”可知，Sia面对很多挑战，但她没有放弃，并且她的努力得到了认可，获得了Diana奖，这表明她有决心。因此，Sia是一个勤奋且有决心的人。故选D项。
22．C　标题推测题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段和最后一段的内容可推知，文章主要讲述了Sia Godika看到贫困儿童的困境后，决定创办Sole Warriors慈善机构，为有需要的人提供鞋子的故事。因此，C项“穿着别人的鞋行走”最能概括文章大意，最适合作本文标题。故选C项。
C
An important lesson in the moral education of children may be closer than imagine—it could be right there in the books they are holding．Stories can be helpful for building moral values in young audiences，according to the result of a new study．
“Media can greatly influence children’s moral values and get them to place more or less importance on the values according to what is uniquely stressed in that content．” says Lindsay Hahn，PhD，a professor in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences．
Hahn is the first author of the new study，which explores how media content influence children．Many previous studies have focused on wide ideas，like positive or negative effects of specific content．However，Hahn’s study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values (care，fairness，loyalty，and authority) might influence the weight that kids place on those values．
Do children who read about particular moral characteristics absorb those qualities and build their own morality The findings suggest so，and further support how this approach can help to teach the moral principles that kids might receive through formal instruction．
For the study，Hahn and her team took the main character from a teen novel and edited the content to create four different story versions(版本)．Each version showed one of four moral values that the study focused on．Then those stories were read by about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14．
This age group is the best for media research．Hahn explained the reason，“It is more difficult for younger children to understand stories，while it is also challenging to hold the attention of older teenagers，who become bored with simple storylines．” The team then designed a scale(量表) to measure the importance that kids place on moral values，so as to determine how participants might be influenced by specific stories．
(　　)23．What is the result of the new study
A．Stories should be spread more by media．
B．Stories help children develop moral values．
C．Children learn moral values from their parents．
D．Children like reading books full of fumy stories．
(　　)24．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3
A．The branches of media research．
B．The impact on children’s literature．
C．The comparison with previous studies．
D．The response of the public to the study．
(　　)25．Why did the researchers choose participants aged from 10 to 14
A．Their moral values cannot be easily influenced．
B．They are in a critical stage of moral development．
C．This age group has better moral values than others．
D．They can understand the stories and won’t lose interest．
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新研究表明：故事有助于儿童形成道德价值观。
23．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Stories can be helpful for building moral values in young audiences，according to the result of a new study．”可知，新研究结果表明故事对儿童道德观的形成有帮助。故选B项。
24．C　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Many previous studies have focused on wide idea...influence the weight that kids place on those values．”可知，许多先前的研究关注宽泛的概念，而Hahn的研究则聚焦于阅读特定道德价值观的内容如何影响孩子对这些道德观的重视程度。此处通过However形成对比，强调新研究与以往研究的差异。因此，第三段主要讨论的是与先前研究的对比。故选C项。
25．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This age group is the best for media research．Hahn explained the reason，‘It is more difficult...become bored with simple storylines．’”可知，研究人员选择10到14岁的参与者是因为这个年龄段的孩子既能理解故事，又不会对故事失去兴趣。故选D项。
第二节　七选五(10分)
Ethics(道德规范) are concerned with people’s moral actions. One type of ethics is school ethics. 　26　 They include students，teachers and administrators．Ethics designed for each of these groups are usually created within the institution，through professional organisations，or by both．
School ethics provide ethical standards people are expected to follow in relation to working with others and in the decision-making process．Ethics also bring consequences to those who don’t follow school ethics. These moral rules are significant.　27　 Moreover，they encourage people to support each other and support the school with some special requirements designed for them．
　28　 Particularly，students must respect their peers，teachers and administrators．Additionally，school ethics require students to respect their institutions which they’re admitted into．One of the most significant factors concerning students and ethics in schools is plagiarism(剽窃)—students are required to hand in work that is uniquely their own and be prepared to suffer consequences if it is not．
Teachers and administrators are ethically guided through professional and institutional ethical codes．They typically are required to create a learning environment that promotes high ethical standards for students through modelling and instruction. Moreover，teachers and administrators should create a safe and fair learning environment．　29　.
Educators are also required to show high ethical standards in their communication with parents，peers，students，etc. Building trust is an essential part of these interactions. Teachers and administrators are ethically expected to maintain their professional training and to present themselves as representatives of the school in an ethical manner．　30　 But most of the educators are supportive of these ethics．
A．Besides，the rules can be interesting．
B．Why should students follow the ethics
C．What are school ethics’ requirements for students
D．To strictly follow all the ethics can be challenging．
E．They help create an atmosphere of trust，honesty，etc．
F．Generally，such ethics apply to all people in a school．
G．Thus，all students can have equal educational chances to achieve success．
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学校道德规范的重要性。
26．F　根据下文“They include students，teachers and administrators．”可推知，空格处的内容应与道德规范适用的人群有关。F项“一般来说，这种道德规范适用于学校里的所有人。”引出下文，符合语境。故选F项。
27．E　根据上文“These moral rules are significant．”和下文“Moreover，they encourage people to...designed for them．”可推知，空格处的内容应说明道德规范重要的原因。E项“它们有助于创造一种信任、诚实等的氛围。”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
28．C　空格处位于段落的开头，是段落主旨句。根据下文“Particularly，students must respect their institutions...to suffer consequences if it is not．”可知，本段主要介绍道德规范对学生的要求。C项“学校道德对学生的要求是什么？”能概括本段主旨，适合作本段主旨句。故选C项。
29．G　根据上文“Moreover，teachers and administrators should create a safe and fair learning environment．”可推知，空格处应说明创造一个安全和公平的环境所带来的结果。G项“因此，所有学生都有平等的获得成功的教育机会。”承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。
30．D　根据下文“But most of the educators are supportive of these ethics．”可推知，空格处的内容应与下文构成转折关系。D项“严格遵守所有的道德规范是有挑战性的。”符合语境。故选D项。
第三部分　完形填空(15分)
Rachel O’Neill was working full-time for an engineering company in Michigan．While she was 　31　 in community service，she’d never done any global volunteering before．But after paying a visit to Africa，she said，“I realised the 　32　 to do something more．”
She was greatly 　33　 by the backbreaking(艰辛的) work done by girls there to support their family．What 　34　 her more was that most girls there didn’t have 　35　 clothes or shoes to wear．　36　，she wanted to help them．Her 　37　 was to make 1,000 simple dresses for them．
Rachel and her friends reached their 　38　 the first year．As word spread，donations 　39　．She even started a non-profit organisation，Little Dresses for Africa(LDFA)．In some countries，LDFA 　40　 with other local organisations．Rachel，with the help of volunteers，could send thousands of dresses every week．Rachel hoped the dresses would 　41　 the girls’ self-esteem(自尊) and soon found her organisation was doing more than that．
The road is 　42　 difficult for the girls，who are often regarded as major care-givers after the death of their parents．The dresses 　43　 girls in some ways，because most people think girls in nice dresses are being taken good care of．What’s more，it has been key to 　44　 young girls at school．“We are not only sending dresses—we’re sending 　45　，”as Rachel often says．
(　　)31．A．honest B．active
C．clever D．strict
(　　)32．A．sign B．right
C．need D．ability
(　　)33 A．impressed B．encouraged
C．frightened D．confused
(　　)34．A．pleased B．cheered
C．educated D．touched
(　　)35．A．free B．flexible
C．special D．suitable
(　　)36．A．However B．Therefore
C．Instead D．Anyway
(　　)37．A．idea B．lesson
C．programme D．income
(　　)38．A．agreement B．decision
C．goal D．limit
(　　)39．A．ran out B．went down
C．messed up D．flooded in
(　　)40．A．studied B．debated
C．worked D．compared
(　　)41．A．balance B．improve
C．measure D．challenge
(　　)42．A．especially B．simply
C．gently D．directly
(　　)43．A．understand B．surprise
C．protect D．calm
(　　)44．A．keeping B．arranging
C．trapping D．hiding
(　　)45．A．truth B．hope
C．knowledge D．beauty
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Rachel O’Neill在非洲做志愿者的经历。她创立了一个非营利组织，为非洲女孩制作简单的裙子，以此提升她们的自尊，并阐述了这一行为对女孩们的积极影响。
31．B　考查形容词辨析。根据空格前的从属连词While以及空格后的“she’d never done any global volunteering before”可推知，她虽然在社区服务方面积极，但从未做过任何全球性的志愿活动。故选B项。
32．C　考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“to do something more”以及下文她为非洲女孩做的一系列事情可知，Rachel意识到需要做更多的事情。故选C项。
33．A　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“by the backbreaking(艰辛的) work done by girls there to support their family”可知，非洲女孩们艰辛的工作给她留下了深刻的印象。故选A项。
34．D　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“her more was that most girls there didn’t have 　35　 clothes or shoes to wear”以及语境可知，那里的大多数女孩让Rachel深受触动。故选D项。
35．D　考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“clothes or shoes to wear”以及语境可知，那里的大多数女孩都没有合适的衣服或鞋子穿。故选D项。
36．B　考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“She was greatly... clothes or shoes to wear．”以及空格后的“she wanted to help them”可知，Rachel看到了非洲女孩们的艰难状况，因此，她想帮助她们。故选B项。
37．A　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“she wanted to help them”以及空格后的“was to make 1,000 simple dresses for them”可知，Rachel打算帮助非洲女孩们的想法是为她们做裙子。故选A项。
38．C　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“to make 1,000 simple dresses for them”以及语境可知，制作1000条裙子是目标。此处指Rachel和她的朋友们第一年就实现了她们的目标。故选C项。
39．D　考查动词短语辨析。根据空格前的“As word spread，donations”以及下文中的“She even started a non-profit organisation...”可推知，Rachel帮助非洲女孩的善行传开后，捐赠大量涌入。故选D项。
40．C　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“with other local organisations”以及语境可知，在一些国家，LDFA和其他当地的组织合作。故选C项。
41．B　考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“the girls’ self-esteem(自尊)”以及语境可知，Rachel希望裙子能提升女孩们的自尊。故选B项。
42．A　考查副词辨析。根据空格后的“difficult for the girls，who are often regarded as major care-givers after the death of their parents”可知，女孩们在父母去世后通常被视为主要的照顾者。因此，这条路对她们来说尤其艰难。故选A项。
43．C　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“because most people think girls in nice dresses are being taken good care of”可知，人们看到穿漂亮裙子的女孩会觉得她们被照顾得好，所以这些裙子在某种程度上保护了女孩们。故选C项。
44．A　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“young girls at school”以及语境可推知，此处指裙子带来的影响使得女孩能留在学校。故选A项。
45．B　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“The dresses
　43　. girls in some ways...young girls at school．”可知，裙子给予女孩们保护，让她们能留在学校，这是给她们送去希望。故选B项。
第四部分　语法填空(15分)
The Analects of Confucius records the words and deeds of the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius，46._____(write) sometime between the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period．It highlights the 47.________(politics) and moral ideas of Confucius and Confucianism．
Benevolence(仁) is a core concept in the book adopted by Confucius with original meaning of loving others．48.________ (represent) a high moral standard，it includes all virtues. Confucius stresses that self-discipline is 49.________ must for practising the rules of propriety(礼) and achieving benevolence．
Society has developed greatly and huge changes 50.________ (occur) as well after the birth of The Analects of Confucius．
Nevertheless，it contains lots of ideas beyond the passage of time，some of 51.________ are still relevant today. For example，Confucius analyses the relationship between learning and thinking by saying that learning without thinking leads to confusion，52.________ thinking without learning ends in puzzlement. Besides，The Analects of Confucius also 53._______(vivid) shows the images of Confucius’s students．Zi Lu is straightforward．Zi Gong is smart，and Yan Hui is mild and capable．
Confucius insists on treating students 54.________ individuals to achieve full potential，which is consistent with some of the modern educational thoughts．
The Analects of Confucius is a fine example of world literature，and the 55.________(publish) of its version in various languages will further enhance cultural exchanges between China and the world．
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了儒家经典作品《论语》的主要内容以及其超越时间流逝在今天依然适用的思想理念。
46．written　考查动词的-ed形式。分析句子可知，空格处所在句子已有谓语records，此处应用非谓语动词形式；动词write与其逻辑主语“The Analects of Confucius”为动宾关系，应用动词的-ed形式。故填written。
47．political　考查形容词。根据空格后的“and moral ideas of Confucius and Confucianism”可知，此处应用形容词作定语。故填political。
48．Representing　考查动词的-ing形式。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子已有谓语includes，此处应用非谓语动词形式；动词represent与其逻辑主语it为主谓关系，应用动词的-ing形式；空格处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Representing。
49．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指“一件必须要做的事”，应用不定冠词；且must以辅音音素开头，在此用作名词。故填a。
50．have occurred　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据空格前的“has developed greatly and huge changes”可知，空格处作谓语且要用现在完成时；主语“huge changes”为复数概念，助动词用have。故填have occurred。
51．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词ideas指物且在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
52．while　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空格处连接两个句子，应用连词；再结合语境可知，此处表示“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”，应用表示对比的连词while。故填while。
53．vividly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语修饰动词shows。故填vividly。
54．as　考查介词。treat sb as...是固定短语，意为“将某人视为……”。故填as。
55．publication　考查名词。根据空格前的定冠词the和空格后的介词of可知，此处应用名词，表示“出版；发行”。故填publication。
第五部分　写作(25分)
第一节　单词拼写(5分)
56．Congratulations! I heard you have been ________(推选) as the leader of the departmert．
57．He couldn’t afford the expensive tuition ________(学费) and had to drop school．
【答案】56．elected　57．fees
58．His another dream is to ________(出口) his new products to the world．
59．He played a ________(被动的) role in the relationship，so he didn’t feel satisfied．
60．We should stick to the principles and try to be ________ (灵活的) as well．
【答案】58．export　59．passive　60．flexible
第二节　书面表达(20分)
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办以“美德伴我成长(Growing with Virtues)”为主题的征文活动。请你根据下面的内容提示写一篇短文投稿。
内容包括：
1．分享一次体现美德的个人经历；
2．谈谈这次经历对你的影响；
3．呼吁大家践行美德。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．标题已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Growing with Virtues
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Growing with Virtues
One unforgettable experience stands out vividly in my memory．During a rainy day，I encountered an elderly man struggling with heavy shopping bags．Without hesitation，I rushed to help him carry them home．His grateful smile warmed my heart，and I felt a profound sense of fulfillment．
This small act of kindness taught me the power of empathy and generosity．It made me realise that virtues are not just abstract concepts but tangible actions，which can brighten someone’s day. Since then，I’ve made it a habit to offer help whenever possible，to foster a more compassionate and harmonious community．
Let’s all embrace virtues in our daily life．Together，we can create a world filled with warmth and goodness．