(共92张PPT)
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Period Four Assessing Your Progress—Video Time
课前自主预习
A．个人财产；拥有；控制
B．谋杀；凶杀；毁坏
C．反对者；对手；竞争者
D．把……载入正式纪录；纪录；正式纪录；日志；原木
E．逮捕；拘留；中止；阻止
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．The three accused, aged between 19 and 20, are charged with attempted murder.( )
2．Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing — an average of twelve each.
( )
3．All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.( )
4．Police arrested five young men in connection with one of the attacks.( )
5．He easily defeated his opponent in the election.( )
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．E 5．C
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Mike __________________ designing the entire project.
迈克负责设计全部工程。
2．The woman tried her best to ____________________．
那位妇女尽力保护她的孩子们的安全。
【答案】1．is responsible for 2．keep her children safe
3．Are you receiving an error message when you try to ____________？
你是不是在登录的时候收到了一条出错的信息？
4．She turned up the driveway, _____________________ her way blocked.
她开上车道，不料发现路已被堵。
【答案】3．log in 4．only to find
5．Things are not moving __________________________．
事情的进展不像我们希望的那么快。
【答案】5．as fast as we hoped/expected
课堂新知讲练
1．log vt.把……载入正式记录；记录
n．正式记录；日志；原木
(P34)After finishing his workout, he updated his fitness ________(log).
【翻译】在完成他的锻炼后，他更新了自己的健身(日志)。
◇词汇拓讲
log in/on 进入(系统)；注册；登录
log into/onto… 进入……；登录……
log off/out 退出(系统)；注销
keep a log (of) 记日志
【用法详解】
This house is made of logs.
这幢房子是用原木搭成的。
The police log all phone calls.
警方对所有电话都做记录。
You need a password to log on.
登录需要密码。
[针对练习]
翻译句子
(1)The workers piled logs of wood for the winter.
________________________________________
(2)The captain checked the ship’s log to see the course they had taken.
________________________________________
【答案】(1)工人们堆积了木头原木以备过冬。
(2)船长查看航海日志以了解他们所走的航线。
(3)You need to log into your account to access the files.
________________________________________
(4)The system logs all user activities for security purposes.
________________________________________
【答案】(3)你需要登录你的账户才能访问文件。
(4)系统记录所有用户活动以确保安全。
2．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者
(P34)In the final match, his ________(opponent) will be stronger and more experienced.
【翻译】在最后一场比赛中，他的(对手)会更强大，更富有经验。
(1)a political opponent 一个政敌
(2)oppose v．反对；抵制；与……角逐
opposed adj. 强烈反对的
opposing adj. 反对的(常用作定语)
oppose doing sth 反对做某事
be opposed to n．/doing… 反对(做)……(to为介词)
(3)opposite n．对立面；反面
opposition n．反对
【用法详解】
The worst thing you can do is underestimate your opponent.
你所做的最糟的事情就是低估了你的对手。
The opposing team scored a goal.
对手的球队进了一球。
The plan met with fierce opposition.
该计划遭到了强烈的反对。
He is opposed to changing the rules.
他反对改变规则。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)The local community_______________ a new factory near the school.
当地社区反对在学校附近建新工厂。
(2)This is a good chance to strike back your ____________．
这正是回击你的政敌的大好机会。
【答案】(1)opposes building (2)political opponent
(3)We knew that the other basketball team was ____________ __________， but we intended to beat them.
我们知道另一支篮球队是一个强大的对手，但我们下定了决心要打败他们。
(4)It’s of no benefit to Peter to consider all the suggestions as ________________．
彼特把所有的建议都看成是敌对的观点对他来说没有好处。
【答案】(3)a strong opponent (4)opponent ideas
3．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止
vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止
(P34)A $5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the _______ (murder).
【翻译】已宣布悬赏500万美元以获取逮捕________(谋杀案主犯)的情报。
(1)arrest one’s attention 引起某人的注意
arrest sb for… 因……而逮捕某人
get arrested 遭逮捕
(2)under arrest 被捕
make an arrest 进行拘捕
(3)arresting adj. 引人注意的；很有吸引力的
【用法详解】
It is reported that the driver of the truck, considered to be fully responsible for many accident, has been under arrests.
据报道，卡车司机已被逮捕，他被认为应对该事故负全部责任。
The beauty of style of the book arrested the reader.
这本书优美的笔调吸引了这位读者。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The young man was arrested _______ having stolen his neighbour’s computers.
(2)The police made several ________(arrest) during the football match.
【答案】(1)for (2)arrests
完成句子
(3)As usual, the cake shop was already in its rush.Hundreds of people __________________________， lining up to buy.
像往常一样，蛋糕店已经忙得不可开交。诱人的香味吸引了数百人排队购买。
【答案】(3)were arrested by the inviting smell
(4)I was walking in the garden that morning _______________ _______________．
那天早上我正在花园里散步，这时一只漂亮的鸟吸引了我的注意力。
【答案】(4)when a beautiful bird arrested my attention
4．look into调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看
(P34)When you look into its eyes, you may feel closely _____ (connect) to it.
【翻译】当你看着它的眼睛时，你可能会觉得和它紧密________(相连)。
look back on/upon回顾；回忆
look after照料；关心
look down on/upon轻视；看不起
look for寻找；招来
look forward to (doing) sth 盼望/期待(做)某事(to为介词)
look on旁观
【用法详解】
look out 小心；留神
look over 看一遍；检查
look through 浏览；核查
look up 向上看；好转；查字典；拜访
look up to 尊重；尊敬
Look out! The train is coming!
当心！火车来了！
Don’t look down upon others even though they are not as good as you in study.
即使别人在学习上不如你，也不要小看别人。
When I look into his eyes, it seems all the problems in the world go away.
当我看向他的眼睛时，似乎世界上一切问题都消失不见了。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)I gently touched my husband’s shoulder and we looked ________ each other’s eyes.
(2)All the students look up________Mr Zhang, who is friendly to them.
(3)They are looking forward________seeing you again.
【答案】(1)into (2)to (3)to
完成句子
(4)In order to____________________， Susan had to give up her job.
为了照顾生病的母亲，苏珊不得不放弃她的工作。
【答案】(4)look after her sick mother
1．(P34)Actually, people in ancient times did believe seals and human beings ________(be) the same.
【翻译】事实上，在古代，人们的确认为海豹和人类________(是)一样的。
【句式剖析】
本句中的did用来表示强调。“did believe”意为“的确/确实认为/相信”。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”。do/does/did可用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下条件：
(1)句子是肯定句；
(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时；
(3)在使用do进行强调时，应注意人称、数和时态的变化。
(4)在do/did/does的后面要接动词原形。
(5)只能用来强调谓语动词。如果要强调主语、宾语、表语或状语等，则应用“It is/was…that…”进行强调。
He did go home yesterday.
他昨天确实回家了。
Jack said he would come and he did come.
杰克说他要来，他果真来了。
[针对练习]
翻译句子
(1)莉莉的钢琴的确弹得很好。
______________________________________________
(2)昨天她的确对它一无所知。
______________________________________________
【答案】(1)Lily does play the piano well.
(2)She did know nothing about it yesterday.
2．(P34)They hurried to the water, only ________________ (find) a baby seal there.
【翻译】他们急忙跑到水边，却(发现)那里有一只小海豹。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“only ________(find) a baby seal there”是一个“only＋不定式”结构，在句中作结果状语，表示一种意外的结果。
【归纳拓展】
(1)动词不定式(短语)作结果状语多表示出乎意料的或不好的结果，含有“没想到，结果却，不料”之意，其前常加only表示强调。
(2)这个不定式所表示的动作是句子的主语发出的。
(3)动词的-ing形式(短语)也可在句中作结果状语，但它所表示的动作则不一定是句子的主语发出的。动词的-ing形式作结果状语常表示意料到的、情理之中的结果，而不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
He hurried to the house only to find it was empty.
他匆忙赶到那间房子，却发现里面空无一人。
I reached the station only to find that my train had already left.
我到了车站，却发现我要搭乘的火车已经开走了。
His parents died in a terrible accident，leaving him an orphan.
他的父母在一个可怕的事故中丧生，使他成为孤儿。
A few men were quarrelling noisily at midnight，waking almost everyone in the building.
几个人在半夜大声吵架，几乎把大楼里所有的人都吵醒了。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)He had tasted freedom _____________ it again.
他刚尝到了自由的甜头，却又失去了。
(2)I came here _____________ a very few grapes.
我来这里只是为了拿几颗葡萄。
(3)Pausing _____________ a sweater, he ran out of the house.
他只停下来穿了件毛衣就冲出了屋外。
【答案】(1)only to lose (2)only to take (3)only to pull/put on
写作高效提升
写一篇海洋探索类的议论文
◎单元写作目标
动笔前，你的大体构思：____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．The sea has been a very mysterious part for us human beings.
2．We human beings are still curious about the sea and ocean though we have got to know many parts of them.
3．With the rapid development of society, there is a growing need for us humans to further study and research into the ocean.
◎话题佳句
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
1．With the rapid growth of population on the earth, there is a growing demand for energy and resources.
2．As human population is rapidly increasing, there is a growing demand for energy and resources.As a result, sea exploration is getting more and more urgent for us so as to discover more resources to meet our increasing demand.
3．Besides, we have to make further research into the sea so that we can better protect the sea and marine animals.
4．Since humans set our foot into the sea, sea pollution has become more and more serious.Obviously, it is vital for us humans to reconsider our so-called sea exploration so as to keep the sea and ocean under good protection.
【回味无穷的结尾句】
1．To sum up, I think it is vital for us to make good study and exploration into the sea.
2．In short, we should stop interfering with the sea to avoid possible damage to the natural environment.
【写作任务】
最近你班就“人类是否应该进行海洋探索”进行了讨论。请根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍同学们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。
◎写作范例
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
(1)获取更多的海底资源； (2)增加对地球上生命的理解。 (1)造成海洋污染，导致海洋生物死亡； (2)破坏生态系统。 ……
注意：
(1)词数80左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作指导】
体裁 议论文
人称和时态 以第一、三人称及一般现在时为主
布局 1．说明讨论的话题——人类是否应该进行海洋探索；
2．说明正方和反方的观点及理由；
3．表明自己的观点。
【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.用本单元所学的单词或短语填空
1．探索海洋______________________
2．支持______________________
【答案】1．explore oceans 2．in favour of
3．引起；造成______________________
4．残忍地______________________
5．导致______________________
6．一定要做某事______________________
【答案】3．bring about 4．without mercy
5．lead to 6．be sure to do sth
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1．完成句子
(1)_________________(人们应该探索海洋) extensively
(2)Our class______________________(对此进行了热烈的讨论) yesterday.
【答案】(1)Should people explore oceans
(2)had a heated discussion about it
(3)Sea exploration____________________________(使我们有可能发现) new sources of food and energy.
(4)Sea exploration____________________________(增加了我们对地球生命的理解).
【答案】(3)makes it possible for us to discover
(4)improves our understanding of life on the earth
(5)It may ______________________(造成更多的污染) and this can destroy the underwater ecosystem.
(6)Some people_____________________ (正在杀害海洋动物) without mercy.
(7)This______________________(导致了许多物种的灭绝).
【答案】(5)bring about more pollution
(6)are murdering marine animals
(7)leads to the extinction of many species
2．句式升级
(8)用whether引导的宾语从句升级(1)(2)句
_______________________________________
【答案】(8)Yesterday our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore oceans extensively.
(9)用not only… but also… 的倒装句升级(3)(4)句
_______________________________________
【答案】(9)Not only does sea exploration make it possible for us to discover new sources of food and energy, but also it can improve our understanding of life on the earth.
(10)用非限制性定语从句升级(5)句
_______________________________________
(11)用非谓语动词升级(6)(7)句
_______________________________________
【答案】(10)It may bring about more pollution, which can destroy the underwater ecosystem.
(11)Some people are murdering marine animals without mercy, leading to the extinction of many species.
【连句成篇】
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Yesterday our class had a heated discussion about whether people should explore oceans extensively.
Some are in favour of sea exploration. In their opinion, not only does sea exploration make it possible for us to discover new sources of food and energy, but also it can improve our understanding of life on the earth. Opponents of sea exploration think that it may bring about more pollution, which can destroy the underwater ecosystem.
Besides, some people are murdering marine animals without mercy, leading to the extinction of many species.
Personally, environmental risks should be balanced with economic needs and we are sure to manage this balance.
世界上很多沿海国家有捕杀海洋动物的传统。一方面，海洋养活了近海的人们，另一方面，近些年，由于对海洋动物的过度捕杀，许多珍稀动物面临灭绝的危险。你们班就此问题展开一场辩论，请你用英语写一篇短文进行介绍。内容包括：
(1)有人支持海洋捕杀；
(2)有人反对捕杀海洋动物；
(3)你的观点。
◎写作练笔
注意：
(1)词数80左右；
(2)可以适当增加细节；以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Recently our class had a heated debate over whether we should hunt sea animals. And opinions are varied.
Some are for the hunt of sea animals. They think traditionally people living by the sea only made a living by hunting sea animals and they had no other choices. Besides, the ocean is so wide, so it’s impossible to make the extinction of the animals.
Others are against the activity of hunting sea animals. With the improvement of technology, many ships can go very far off the coast and fishermen can hunt animals in the deep sea. So some animals are in great danger of disappearance.
Personally, people can hunt sea animals in a limited area and limited period of time. Only in this way can the people by the sea make a living and can sea animals get a chance to keep a balance.
课 时 作 业
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．How much space is each ______________(目录) in the file system using
2．Mr Li soon defeated his ________(对手) with his sharp words and won the speech competition in the end.
【答案】1．directory 2．opponent
3．The captain carefully ________(记录) what had happened on the voyage every day.
4．The young man was taken away by the police because he was under suspicion of ____________(谋杀).
5．The thief was ________(逮捕) by the police last week for stealing things in the shop.
【答案】3．logged 4．murder 5．arrested
Ⅱ.短语填空
be responsible for; look into; in hand；set sail; withdraw from; press conference; based on; a wide range of
1．Dwight decided to_________________ the committee and join up with the opposition.
2．Mr Li has _______________ knowledge.That’s why his lessons are often lively and interesting.
【答案】1．withdraw from 2．a wide range of
3．The company held a series of _________________ to announce their new product line.
4．The boy did a lot of research online and finally finished his essay ____________________adequate evidence.
5．She thanked Tom very much for his kindness, and began to prepare to_______________ for England.
【答案】3．press conferences 4．based on 5．set sail
6．In the famous painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival, a takeaway waiter can be seen with food _____ _______．
7．To _______________ the case, Wang disguised himself and joined the beggars.
8．Everybody must _______________ what they do and what they say in their life and work.
【答案】6．in hand 7．look into 8．be responsible for
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Great progress has been made in China and China _____ _______________________ in many fields in the scientific world.
中国近年来取得了巨大的进步，在科技界的许多领域都处于领先地位。
2．The boy _____________________ his lessons at school.
在学校，这个男孩的功课学得确实好。
【答案】1．takes the lead 2．does do well in
3．She had hoped to get a “full mark” in this test, _______ ______________ she had left one problem undone.
她原本希望这次考试会得满分，结果却发现还有一道题没有做。
4．He decided _________________ the competition due to his personal reasons.
由于个人原因，他决定退出比赛。
【答案】3．only to find 4．to withdraw from
提升练
Ⅰ.七选五
As long as we have been on the earth，we have used the sea around us.We take from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean — millions of kilogrammes of fish,every year, to feed millions of people.__1__ We take minerals from the ocean.One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates(蒸发).
__2__ Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too.But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation.Other gifts from the sea are pearls，sponges and seaweed.Pearls become jewelry.__3__ Seaweed becomes food of many kinds — even candy, and ice cream — as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea.We cannot drink ocean water. __4__ But ocean water becomes fresh water that is drinkable when the salts and other impurities are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertiliser, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea？Garbage.__5__ Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas，we might also destroy ourselves.Hopefully, it is not too late.
A．We even use their bones for fertiliser.
B．Some of its contents may cause illness.
C．Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
D．The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
E．Along with salt，other minerals are left after evaporation.
F．We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
G．We take a lot from the ocean and give little to the sea.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。我们在生活中一直在向周围的海洋索取，越来越依赖海洋的资源，但是却又不断地污染海洋。作者希望我们认识到海洋的重要性，减少海洋污染。
1．A 上文“We take fishes from the ocean — millions of kilogrammes of fish, every year, to feed millions of people.”提到我们从海洋里捞取许多鱼，来养活数百万人。A项“我们甚至用它们的骨头做肥料。”与上文形成递进关系，符合语境。故选A项。
2．E 根据上文“We take minerals from the ocean.One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporate(蒸发).”可知，蒸发海水可以得到盐；根据下文“Much gold…of the sea，too.”可知，也可以得到除盐之外的其他矿物质。E项“除了盐，蒸发后还会留下其他矿物质。”承接上文，符合语境。故选E项。
3．C 根据上文 “Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed.Pearls become jewelry.”以及下文“Seaweed becomes food of many kinds — even candy，and ice cream — as well as medicine.”可知，空格处应介绍海绵的用途。C项“天然海绵成为清洁助剂。”符合语境。故选C项。
4．B 根据上文“We cannot drink ocean water.”可知，直饮海水对人有坏的影响。B项“其中的一些成分可能会导致疾病。”符合语境。故选B项。
5．F 根据上文“What do we give the sea？Garbage.”以及下文“Huge as…we pour into it.”可知，我们一直在污染着海洋。F项“当我们把海洋当作垃圾堆时，我们污染了海洋。”承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Plastic pollution at sea is reaching worrying levels.According to a review of hundreds of academic 1.________(study), it will continue to grow even if significant action is taken now to stop such waste from reaching the world’s ocean.The review by Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute examined almost 2,600 research papers on the topic 2.________(provide) an overview ahead of a United Nations meeting later this month.
As plastic breaks down into smaller pieces, it also enters the marine food chain and 3.________(take) in by sea creatures from whales to turtles.What’s worse, some regions already contain dangerous levels of plastic, and others risk becoming 4.________ (increasing) polluted in the future.Getting that plastic out of the water again 5.________(be) nearly impossible, so policymakers should focus on preventing any more of it entering the ocean in 6._______ first place.A professor of environmental science at Stockholm University, was involved 7._______ a separate study not long ago, and also concluded effective measures，8._______ are required immediately because of the possible global impacts.
While consumers can help reduce plastic pollution by 9.________(change) their behaviour, governments have to step up and accept every responsibility for solving the problem.It’s such a serious problem 10._______ it needs global solutions.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了海洋塑料污染问题并提出了一些解决方案。
1．studies 考查名词的数。根据空格前的形容词academic可知，此处应填名词，且前面有短语 “hundreds of” 修饰，应用名词复数。故填 studies。
2．to provide 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，provide 在句中作非谓语动词，空格处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to provide。
3．is taken 考查动词的时态和语态。由句中的并列连词 and 可知，空格处作谓语。前面的谓语动词为 enters，时态是一般现在时，空格处应用一般现在时；主语 it 与 take 之间为被动关系。故填 is taken。
4．increasingly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语修饰动词 polluted。故填 increasingly。
5．is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子主语为“Getting that plastic out of the water again”，句中缺少谓语，且谓语应用第三人称单数形式。根据上下文的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填 is。
6．the 考查冠词。此处指决策者应该把阻止塑料垃圾进入海洋放在第一位。空格后的名词place前有序数词 first，应用定冠词。in the first place意为“首先；首要的是”，为固定搭配。故填 the。
7．in 考查介词。be involved in为固定搭配，意为“参与”。故填 in。
8．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 measures，且关系词在从句中充当主语。故填 which。
9．changing 考查动词的–ing形式。句中的 “can help”为谓语，空格处应用非谓语动词。空格前有介词 by，此处应用动词的–ing形式作宾语。故填 changing。
10．that 考查连词。固定句型“such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that从句”表示“如此……以至于……”，引导状语从句。故填 that。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，学校即将举行以“Is it necessary for humans to explore oceans？”为题的英语作文比赛，请按照下列要求写一篇议论文。要点如下：
1．你的观点或态度；
2．具体的原因及理由；
3．总结全文，再次表明你的观点。
注意：
1．词数80左右。
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version：
Is it necessary for humans to explore oceans
I agree with the view that it is necessary for humans to explore oceans.
First, it can establish the basic information needed to better understand environmental change, which helps scientists to address both current situations and to predict the future situations that may emerge.
Moreover, it can also give us knowledge about what are available in oceans, how the life forms live, and find out how humans can survive down there or make good use of the depths’ resources, because the sea can be one of the resources for us to rely on to fulfill the needs such as food, energy, etc. In addition, it can help us keep track of climate change that happens to the ocean and what might affect our life.
In sum, sea exploration will be of great benefit to humans.(共116张PPT)
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
阅读有关海洋探索的记叙文、说明文，了解世界航海史，增强人类保护海洋的意识。
阅读有关海洋探索的说明文，并从中学习有关海洋及海洋生物的词汇、短语和句型的表达。
能够就海洋话题，特别是海洋垃圾发表自己的观点看法。
听懂有关海洋、海洋生物及海洋保护方面的听力材料。
写作一篇有关海洋探索的议论文。
学习动词不定式的用法。
【素养提升】
阅读有关人类探索海洋的历史，了解海洋探索的历史及现状。
了解中国人民在古代历史上战胜困难，探索海洋的历史，增强民族自豪感，培养民族文化自信的意识。
通过课文的学习，了解海洋的现状，培养保护海洋及海洋生物的环境保护意识。
Period One Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
A．(使)撤回；撤离
B．等级；水平；联合会；联赛
C．航道；海峡；频道
D．纽带；关系；增强信任关系；使牢固结合
E．故事；叙述
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．Change the channel — there are too many commercials.
( )
2．Common interests formed a bond between these people.
( )
3．The Spurs is meant to be one of the top teams in the league.( )
4．You can withdraw money from the account at any time without penalty.( )
5．Why do these fairy tales seem targeted toward children nowadays ( )
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．E
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→___________ adj.伸出的；伸展的；延长的；持续的(参考：disturb→disturbed)
2．negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商→___________ n．协商；谈判(参考：examine→examination)
【答案】1．extended 2．negotiation
3．withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离→___________ n．收回；取回；撤回；撤退；撤走(参考：dismiss→dismissal)
4．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的→___________ n．王室；王权(参考：cruel→cruelty)
【答案】3．withdrawal 4．royalty
Ⅲ.猜短语填空
set sail for; in a league of one’s own; withdraw from; in hand; under the command of; search for
1．Tell the men to depart from their new position.
＝Tell the men to _______________ their new position.
2．For over 100 years, men have been looking for gold in the hills.
＝For over 100 years, men have been _______________ gold in the hills.
【答案】1．withdraw from 2．searching for
3．We made a great deal of money，so we decided that it was time to set off home by ship.
＝We made a great deal of money，so we decided that it was time to_______________________ home.
4．The army is under General Smith’s command.
＝The army is ____________________General Smith.
【答案】3．set sail for 4．under the command of
5．While passengers love to complain about taxi drivers，the drivers of New York take the lead.
＝While passengers love to complain about taxi drivers，the drivers of New York are ________________________.
6．Having enough data to the fore，we can set out to carry out our plan as scheduled.
＝Having enough data________________，we can set out to carry out our plan as scheduled.
【答案】5．in a league of their own 6．in hand
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.阅读课文，判断信息正误
( )1．Columbus’ story inspired European explorers to find sea routes from west to east.
( )2．The Silk Road winds its way from China to France and Britain.
( )3．The large fleets from the Ming Dynasty were most powerful in the world in those days.
( )4．It was after 1433 that China withdrew from further expeditions.
( )5．There is still much for us humans to study and explore on the earth.
【答案】1－5 FFFTT
Ⅱ.阅读课文，选择正确选项
( )1．What did Marco Polo’s story about China result in
A．It inspired more Westerners to travel to Beijing.
B．It encouraged Europeans to find routes to China by sea.
C．It caused Westerners to travel to China by land.
D．It increased Europeans’ interest in Chinese silk.
【答案】B
( )2．From this text, we know that the Silk Road ______.
A．is a land route linking China and some other countries
B．is a sea route from China to India and other countries
C．was started by Zheng He and his large fleets
D．was discovered by European explorers
【答案】A
( )3．From the third paragraph, we can infer that _____.
A．Zheng He was a very famous merchant in the Ming Dynasty
B．China bought much gold and spices from African countries
C．shipping industry was much advanced in the Ming Dynasty
D．Zheng He was a very famous army officer in the Ming Dynasty
【答案】C
( )4．The Belt and Road is intended to ________.
A．make tourism more prosperous along the Silk Road
B．attract more foreign merchants to trade in China
C．present the great achievements we have made
D．encourage the cooperation and trade along the Silk Road
【答案】D
( )5．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph
A．Sea routes will be still important for China in the future.
B．China still wants to work together with foreign countries.
C．China wants to do more business with foreign countries.
D．More open policies will be carried out in China in the future.
【答案】A
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
It is human being’s great passion to complete a map of the world in the history.That’s why people 1.________(inspire) to find sea routes from west to east.In the past, Western explorers 2.________(encourage) by Marco Polo’s story about China, wanted to find a sea route to China.
【答案】1．were inspired 2．encouraged
Merchants from China also travelled to Western countries by sea route, who made their sea voyage much 3.________(early) than Columbus ever set sail.
Silk from China found its way by land to India, the Middle East and Rome along 4.______ is now known as the Silk Road.Ancient Chinese 5._______(merchant) also discovered a route by sea into the Indian Ocean.On their meetings, business people from 6.________(difference) countries negotiated their trade deals,
【答案】3．earlier 4．what 5．merchants 6．different
7._______ resulted in a better 8.________(understand) of each other’s cultures.Later on, Zheng He, from the Ming Dynasty, set sail between 1405 and 1433, from 9._______ South China Sea across the Indian Ocean and to the east coast of Africa.
Now, China has joined other countries in many ocean projects for the purpose of doing trade and 10.________(enhance) bonds with these countries.
【答案】7．which 8．understanding
9．the 10．enhancing
课堂新知讲练
1．set sail起航；开航
(P26)However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
【翻译】然而，来自东方的商人和探险家们从东向西航行比哥伦布早很多年。
◇词汇拓讲
set sail for 开船前往；动身前往
set sail from… 从……启航
go for a sail 乘船游览
【用法详解】
We made a great deal of money, so we decided that it was time to set sail for home.
我们大赚了一笔，因此我们决定该是启程回家的时候了。
After a good night’s sleep, they set sail again.
好好地休息了一个晚上之后，他们又起航了。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)On this date in 1492，Christopher Columbus set sail _____ Palos, Spain，on a voyage that would take him to the present-day America.
(2)They went________a sail. Unfortunately one of them fell overboard and was drowned.
【答案】(1)from (2)for
完成句子
(3)With the wind in their hair and the sun on their faces, the family ______________________， ready for a day of relaxation and fun.
风吹着头发，脸上沐浴着阳光，这家人扬帆起航，准备享受一天的轻松和乐趣。
【答案】(3)set sail in their boat
2．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长
(P26)A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
【翻译】一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸，以锡兰(现在的斯里兰卡)为中心。
(1)extend from…to… 从……延伸到……
extend…to… 向……提供/给予……
extend to延长到；包括；涉及
extend by延长了
extend out伸出
extend for 延伸
extend into扩大或延长到(……内部)
extend over遍及；覆盖；(使)持续；延续
【用法详解】
(2)extended adj. 伸出的；延长的；扩大的；扩大范围的；长期的
(3)extension n．延伸；扩展；展期；外延
(4)extensive adj. 广阔的；大量的；广泛的
On behalf of the student union, I extend a warm welcome to Professor Tim and express our gratitude for his willingness to share his expertise with us.
我代表学生会向蒂姆教授表示热烈欢迎，并对他愿意与我们分享他的专业知识表示感谢。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)If you are in need of a deadline ________(extend), simply explain the situation to the professor.
(2)China’s National Highway 318, ________(extend) over 5,000 kilometres from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
【答案】(1)extension (2)extending
(3)The ________(extend) collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, coloured glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.
【答案】(3)extensive
完成句子
(4)These courses are based on a weekly two-hour class, _____ _______________．Compared with last year’s course, the duration _______________ two weeks.
这些课程每周一节，每节课两小时，持续22周。与去年的这门课程相比，持续时间延长了两周。
【答案】(4)extending twenty-two weeks; extends by
(5)Not only did I clear my previous prejudice against those who seemed to be dangerous and unfriendly, but also I__________ _______________________ those who wanted food.
我不仅消除了之前对那些看似危险和不友好的人的偏见，而且还向那些需要食物的人伸出了援助之手。
【答案】(5)extended a helping hand to
3．negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议)
vi.谈判；磋商；协商
(P26)Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.
【翻译】在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚在一起洽谈贸易，这也增进了对彼此文化的了解。
(1)negotiate with sb for/about sth
＝negotiate sth with sb 与某人商议/谈判某事
negotiate for… 为……谈判
(2)negotiation n．谈判；磋商；协商；洽谈
under negotiation 在商讨中
in negotiation with… 和……协商
(3)negotiator n．谈判代表；协商者
(4)negotiable adj. 可讨论的；可协商的
【用法详解】
The detailed terms of the contract are now under negotiation.
合同详细条款现正在协商中。
The government will not negotiate with terrorists again.
政府不会再和恐怖分子谈判。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The ______________(negotiate) broke down because one side refused to play the game.
(2)He warned that his economic programme for the country was not ___________ (negotiate).
【答案】(1)negotiation (2)negotiable
(3)_________________ (negotiate) with the builder several times, he signed the contract at length.
完成句子
(4)Participating in extra–curricular activities enables us to learn ___________________________________ other students.
参加课外活动使我们能够学习如何与其他学生进行谈判和合作。
【答案】(3)Having negotiated
(4)how to negotiate and cooperate with
4．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛
(P26)These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
【翻译】这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。
in league with… 和……联合；和……勾结
in the same league as… 与……同一档次(等级)
in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
out of sb’s league 不是某一类人
【用法详解】
Many people suspected that the witness was in league with the defendant.
很多人怀疑证人与被告串通。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He is a bit _______ of your league.
(2)He refused to be _______ league with their illegal activities.
完成句子
(3)As a woodworker, Bill wishes he_______________Carl，who is a master carpenter.
作为一名木工，比尔希望他能和卡尔水平相当，成为像卡尔一样的木匠大师。
【答案】(1)out (2)in (3)were in the same league as
5．withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离
(P26)Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
【翻译】虽然中国在1433年以后退出了进一步的远征，但是这些陆地和海上的路线在几个世纪里仍然是其他文化之间活跃的通道。
(1)withdraw from 退出；撤出
withdraw money from bank 从银行取回钱
withdraw into 收回；蜷缩
(2)withdrawal n．收回；撤回；撤退
【用法详解】
He may withdraw into his own private world.
他可以蜷缩在个人的小天地里。
Tell the men to withdraw from their new position.
告诉那些人从新的阵地上撤出。
I’d like to withdraw some money from my account.
我想从账户里取出一些钱。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)She made a ______________(withdraw) of $500 from her savings account.
(2)The drug ______________(withdraw) from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.
【答案】(1)withdrawal (2)was withdrawn
完成句子
(3)Anna told the truth in shame and chose to ______________ _____________ after Sally limped painfully off the stage.
安娜羞愧地说了实话，并且在萨莉一瘸一拐痛苦地走下舞台之后，选择退出比赛。
【答案】(3)withdraw from the competition
(4)Just at that time, the wolf might feel the threats from the people, _________________________．Soon, it ran away and disappeared in the distance.
就在那时，那匹狼可能感觉到了来自人类的威胁，开始撤退。很快，它就逃走了，消失在远方。
【答案】(4)starting to withdraw
6．in hand在手头；可供使用
(P27)Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
【翻译】数百年过去了，在掌握了最新技术的情况下，对贸易的需求和加强中国同世界各国的联系的需要，在遥远的未来将推动中国跨越海洋。
at hand 在手边；在近处；即将到来
by hand 用手工(即不是用机器或其他手段)
give/lend sb a hand 帮某人一把
hand in hand 手拉手； 同时并存
on the one/other hand 一方面/另一方面
hands up 举手；举起手来
【用法详解】
hand in 交来；交上去(给老师或上级)
hand out 散发；分发
hand over 移交；拿给(另一人)
shake hands (with sb) (同某人)握手
on hand 在手边；现有(随时可用)
It’s really heavy — can you give/lend me a hand
这东西很重——你能帮一下忙吗？
I still have some money on hand.
我手头还有些钱。
He shook hands warmly with me.
他同我热情握手。
The thief was handed over to the police.
这个小偷已经送交给警方了。
[针对练习]
用hand相关短语填空
(1)The athletes are busy training, for the school sports meeting is near ______________．
(2)Mum said besides buying her a gift, we should make something _____________．
(3)With a bunch of flowers ____________， Evan rushed home to celebrate his mum’s birthday.
【答案】(1)at hand (2)by hand (3)in hand
完成句子
(4)As the saying goes, success and failure always go ________ _____________．
俗话说，成功与失败如影随形。
【答案】(4)hand in hand
1．(P26)These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
【翻译】这些船队在当时蔚为壮观，独领风骚。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“a sight to behold”相当于“sth is very striking, splendid, or memorable to observe”，表示被描述的物体或事件是如此壮观或非凡，值得一看。
◇句式解读
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)The chef’s masterpiece of a dessert not only looks good but is also _____________________ with its intricate details.
这位厨师的甜点杰作不仅看起来不错，而且其复杂的细节也令人叹为观止。
【答案】(1)a sight to behold
(2)Her performance in the final act was _____________ — she brought the character to life with such emotion and intensity.
她在最后一幕中的表演令人叹为观止——她把这个角色演得如此感人、如此强烈。
【答案】(2)a sight to behold
2．(P26)In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road.
【翻译】在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
【句式剖析】
本句中的 what 引导宾语从句，相当于“along the road which became known as the ’Silk Road’”。此处what等同于“the road which”。
【归纳拓展】
what引导宾语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，表示“所……的……”
(1)表示“……的东西或事情”，相当于“the thing that…； all that…； everything that…”
They’ve done what they can to help her.
他们已经做了他们能做到一切去帮助她了。
(2)表示“……的时间”，相当于“the time that…”
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
(3)表示“……的人”，相当于“the person that…”
He is not what he was a few years ago.
他不是几年前的他了。
(4)表示“……的地方”，相当于“the place that…”
This is what they call Salt Lake City.
这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。
(5)表示“……的数目”，相当于“the amount/number that…”
The number of the students in our school has reached as many as 20,000, ten times what it was ten years ago.
现在我校学生多达2万人，是十年前的十倍。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The old man lived in _______ was called a small palace.
(2)Being determined is a kind of quality and that’s _______ it takes to do anything properly.
一词多译
(3)我想知道你买了什么。
I want to know _______ you bought.
→I want to know _____________ you bought.
【答案】(1)what (2)what (3)what; the thing that
3．(P27)From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
【翻译】从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
【句式剖析】
句式There is an urgent need to do sth.意为“迫切需要做某事。”
【归纳拓展】
(1)“There be＋n.”型
There is no need/time to do/for sth.
做某事没有必要/时间。
There is no point/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义/困难。
There is no point in reliving the past.
回味过去毫无意义。
There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.
你明天不必早起。
There is no possibility that we’ll see him this weekend.
我们本周末不可能见到他。
(2)“There be＋动名词”型
There is no denying… 不可否认……
There is no telling… 不可预料……
There is no saying… 难以断言……
There is no telling when he will arrive.
很难说他什么时候会到。
There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone.
无可否认，咖啡不一定适合每个人。
There is no saying what time he will come home.
他什么时候回家可说不准。
(3)①urgent adj.紧急的(该词由动词urge加后缀–ent而构成)
其常用短语主要有：
an urgent need for… 对……的迫切需要urgent plea 紧急请求
urgent circumstance 紧急情况
very urgent 非常紧急；十万火急
urgent matter 当务之急
urgent call 紧急呼吁；迫切呼吁
urgent business 紧急业务
urgent message 紧急通知
top urgent 迫在眉睫；首要
②urgently adv. 迫切地；紧急地；急切地
③urgency n. 紧急；催促；紧急的事
This condition requires urgent treatment.
这种情况得紧急处理。
I have some urgent business to attend to.
我有一些急事要处理。
Now, he seemed to be saying that stopping global warming was an urgent matter after all.
现在，他似乎表明，阻止全球变暖是一项紧急的工作。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Now that we have finished our work, there is no point ________(stay) any longer; we may as well go home.
(2)There is no need ____________(put) the meeting ahead because we still have three weeks before the end of the term.
(3)There is no ________(deny) that computers make our life more convenient, but there exist some problems.
【答案】(1)staying (2)to put (3)denying
(4)The government must deal with this as a matter of _______ (urgent).
(5)These challenges are real, and society ___________(urgent) needs to address them.
【答案】(4)urgency (5)urgently
完成句子
(6)He responded with a smile._______________________， and both of us knew exactly what the other was thinking.
他笑着回应。没有必要再多说什么了，我们俩都非常清楚对方在想什么。
【答案】(6)There was no need for further words/There was no need to say more
(7)__________________________________to fight against global warming, which has become a great threat to sea creatures.
全球变暖已经成为海洋生物的一大威胁，迫切需要尽一切努力来对抗全球变暖。
【答案】(7)There is an urgent need to try every means
课 时 作 业
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This is a fairy ________(故事) written by a famous woman writer in our country.
2．This railway is said to ________(延长) to Guangzhou in the next two years.
3．The two sides are still ________(谈判) the cost of the construction.
【答案】1．tale 2．extend 3．negotiating
4．He stated that all foreign forces must ________(撤出) as soon as the crisis ended.
5．Market research showed that 93% of the viewing public wanted a hit movie ________(频道).
6．After military service he played some minor ________(联赛) baseball.
【答案】4．withdraw 5．channel 6．league
7． A media circus surrounded the _______ (王室的) couple wherever they went.
8．You need to strengthen your ________(联系) with your children.
【答案】7．royal 8．bonds
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Five ________(Europe) are reported to visit our school next week.
2．Gradually, they came to _______ is known as The Home of Flowers.
3．We’ll have to take measures to promote people’s ________(aware) of environmental protection.
【答案】1．Europeans 2．what 3．awareness
4．The tower is said to be built during _______ Song Dynasty.
5．This morning I ________(withdraw) some money from the bank nearby.
6．________(do) well in my lessons is the first job I want to do this term.
【答案】4．the 5．withdrew 6．To do
7．We still have to do a lot to ________(strong) the bonds between our motherland and other countries.
8．The purpose of this lecture is ________(inspire) the students’ desire to learn their lessons well.
【答案】7．strengthen 8．to inspire
9．A ________(negotiate) about their border issues will be held between the two sides.
10．_______ the command of the general, all the soldiers jumped out of the trench and rushed to the enemy.
【答案】9．negotiation 10．Under
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He’s the best artist I’ve ever seen.He’s _____________．
他是我见过的最棒的艺术家。他绝对是傲视群雄。
2．After the College Entrance Examination, we will bid farewell to each other and ___________ for an unknown future.
高考结束后，我们将彼此告别并启航驶向未知的将来。
【答案】1．in a league of his own 2．set sail
3．Bill’s parents didn’t agree him to ________________．
比尔的父母不同意他退学。
4．I sent him a present _____________________________.
我送了一份礼物给他以回报他的帮助。
5．We work hard at English so as to __________________．
为了精通英语，我们刻苦学习。
【答案】3．withdraw from school 4．in return for his help
5．have a good command of it
提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Zoologists track animals using global-positioning-system(GPS) tags(标签) which then return their data via satellites.Marine biologists have a harder time of it, though, because radio signals can’t pass through seawater.This makes it impossible either to receive GPS signals or to send any data collected back to base.
That does not stop people tagging sea creatures.Data collected and stored in a tag can be sent to a satellite in bursts if the species in question is one that comes to the surface from time to time.A tag may also be recovered if the animal carrying it is caught by a fishing boat.Fisherfolk are typically paid a few hundred dollars per tag returned to its home laboratory.
None of these methods, though, keeps accurate track of where the animal carrying the tag has been.For these and other reasons，it would therefore be useful to have a marine equivalent of GPS.And one is now being employed.The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, in Massachusetts, hopes to fill the seas with sonic beacons(声波信标) that will play the role of GPS satellites.
The sea is divided into distinct layers that have different temperatures.During the Second World War，American scientists showed that some of these layers act as sonic waveguides.They called them “sound fixing and ranging” (SOFAR) channels. Sound sent out in one of these channels echoes(回响) between the layers above and below, thus staying in the channel.Thus constrained(被约束), a sound wave can travel hundreds of kilometres before it becomes too weak to detect.
The SOFAR transmitters from Woods Hole are usually at an appropriate depth for the channel concerned.Every 12 hours they broadcast a 32-second-long location signal known as a pong.Pongs are so called because they are similar to sonar “pings”， but of lower frequency.In typical conditions, a pong can be picked up 1,000 km away.By listening to the pongs from several beacons, a receiver can calculate its location.Existing receivers for the two SOFAR transmitters are currently carried on free-floating instrument packs.But the plan is to have two more transmitters this year, and more in future years.
( )1．Which sea creatures can GPS tags be applied to
A．Those feeding on other sea animals.
B．Those following fishing boats constantly.
C．Those coming out of the sea sometimes.
D．Those swimming deep under the water.
( )2．Why do SOFAR channels function
A．The echoes among them are weak.
B．The water has a high temperature over there.
C．The layers among them are quite similar.
D．The sound remains there and stays strong for a while.
( )3．What makes pings different from pongs
A．Pings are of higher frequency.
B．Pings can travel faster than pongs.
C．Pings can be received 1,000 km away.
D．Pings are broadcasted every 32 seconds.
( )4．What would be the best title for the text
A．Tags for Sea Creatures
B．“GPS” for the Oceans
C．Strange Deep Sea Creatures
D．Data from Distant Satellites
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用声波信标扮演GPS卫星的角色来确定海洋生物的位置。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That does not stop people tagging sea creatures.Data collected and stored in a tag can be sent to a satellite in bursts if the species in question is one that comes to the surface from time to time.”可知，有问题的海洋生物如果时常出现在海洋表面就可以使用GPS卫星确定位置。故选C项。
2．D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They called them ’sound fixing and ranging’(SOFAR) channels.Sound sent out in one of these channels echoes(回响) between the layers above and below，thus staying in the channel.Thus constrained(被约束)，a sound wave can travel hundreds of kilometres before it becomes too weak to detect.”可知，在一个声道中发出的声音会在两层之间产生回声，这样声音就可以传播很远，直到声音变弱而无法探测到。所以SOFAR channels能运行是因为声音能在变弱前持续传播一段时间。故选D项。
3．A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Pongs are so called because they are similar to sonar ‘pings’，but of lower frequency.”可知，pongs与声呐pings相似，但是pongs的频率略低，也就是说pings的频率较高。故选A项。
4．B 标题归纳题。根据首段可知，使用GPS卫星定位信号给动物定位有效，但是对海洋生物是无效的。根据第三段可知，为解决GPS无法定位海洋生物的问题，马萨诸塞州的海洋生物研究所采用声波信标发挥GPS卫星的作用。结合下文对该技术的介绍和分析可知，本文主要介绍的是定位海洋生物的GPS，所以B项“海洋的’全球定位系统’”作为文章标题最佳。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
The first time ever I realised that plastic was a serious matter for our planet was during a road trip in Western Australia, almost 12 years ago.
We__1__at a supermarket along the Coral Bay coast to buy some groceries and the lady at the counter told us they didn’t sell any shopping bags in order to prevent plastic in the__2__and to help preserve the endangered turtles living in that area. After a first reaction of surprise, we __3__ all our shopping in our arms and left.
This was just one of the experiences I’ve lived that made me more aware of my__4__and pushed me to adopt different habits to live and __5__ more sustainably.
Our trip to Borneo was another life–changing __6__ that has strengthened my determination to have a __7__ lifestyle. While travelling in some Asian countries, we came to know that __8__ drinkable water was always a challenge. So we had to travel with our water bottles, and we __9__ to avoid using plastic during our trip.
Besides, we were also __10__ surprised by our stay on Libaran Island. A __11__ turtle conservation project and the community had made big efforts to __12__ the beaches and creatively reuse plastic for ten years. Despite that, the shore is washed daily with tons of plastic coming from the tides.
Facing this global issue in person, __13__ in me a feeling of sadness and anger that soon turned into __14__： to do as much as possible to reduce plastic in our life. Small changes can __15__ a difference!
( )1．A．stayed B．visited
C．worked D．stopped
( )2．A．land B．ocean
C．district D．supermarket
( )3．A．threw B．selected
C．dropped D．carried
( )4．A．dream B．family
C．impact D．income
( )5．A．travel B．deliver
C．remove D．play
( )6．A．story B．growth
C．experience D．suffering
( )7．A．better-off B．healthy
C．comfortable D．zero-waste
( )8．A．free B．cheap
C．valuable D．safe
( )9．A．failed B．managed
C．hesitated D．happened
( )10．A．firmly B．deeply
C．violently D．temporarily
( )11．A．dramatic B．sustainable
C．firm D．disappointing
( )12．A．dry up B．tie up
C．clean up D．take up
( )13．A．praised B．held
C．accused D．raised
( )14．A．confusion B．determination
C．frustration D．satisfaction
( )15．A．make B．do
C．achieve D．find
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过旅行经历意识到塑料污染问题，并决心减少生活中的塑料使用。
1．D 考查动词辨析。句意：我们在珊瑚湾沿岸的一家超市停下来买一些杂货，柜台的女士告诉我们他们不卖任何购物袋，以防止塑料被扔进海里，并帮助保护生活在该地区的濒危海龟。根据空格后的“at a supermarket along the Coral Bay coast to buy some groceries”可知，此处指在超市停下买杂货。故选D项。
2．B 考查名词辨析。句意：同上题。根据空格后的“endangered turtles living in that area”可知，女士不卖塑料袋是为了防止塑料被扔进海里，并帮助保护生活在该地区的濒危海龟。故选B项。
3．D 考查动词辨析。句意：在第一反应是惊讶之后，我们把买的东西都抱在怀里离开了。根据空格后的“all our shopping in our arms and left”可知，没有塑料袋，他们只能抱着这些东西。故选D项。
4．C 考查名词辨析。句意：这只是我经历过的许多经历之一，这些经历让我更加意识到自己的影响，并促使我养成不同的习惯，以更可持续的方式生活和旅行。根据空格后的“pushed me to adopt different habits to live”可知，这些经历让作者更加意识到自己的影响。故选C项。
5．A 考查动词辨析。句意：同上题。根据下文“Our trip to Borneo”可知，下文主要列举的都是作者在旅行时的经历。故选A项。
6．C 考查名词辨析。句意：我们的婆罗洲之旅是另一次改变人生的经历，它坚定了我要过零浪费生活的决心。此处呼应上文“This was just one of the experiences”，指另一次改变生活的经历。故选C项。
7．D 考查形容词辨析。句意：同上题。根据下文“we had to travel with our water bottle”和“avoid using plastic”可知，作者要过零浪费的生活。故选D项。
8．D 考查形容词辨析。句意：在一些亚洲国家旅行时，我们意识到安全饮用水一直是一个挑战。根据下文“we had to travel with our water bottles”可知，作者他们带着水瓶旅行，说明是意识到安全饮用水一直是一个挑战。故选D项。
9．B 考查动词辨析。句意：所以我们不得不带着我们的水瓶旅行，我们设法避免在旅行中使用塑料。根据空格后的“to avoid using plastic during our trip”可知，此处指他们设法避免在旅行中使用塑料。manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”。故选B项。
10．B 考查副词辨析。句意：此外，我们在里巴兰岛的逗留也给我们带来了深刻的惊喜。根据下文“A __11__turtle conservation project and the community had made big efforts to __12__ the beaches and creatively reuse plastic for ten years.”可知，一个可持续的海龟保护项目和社区在清理海滩和创造性地重复使用塑料方面做出了巨大的努力，这让作者感到深刻的惊喜。故选B项。
11．B 考查形容词辨析。句意：一个可持续的海龟保护项目和社区十年来在清理海滩和创造性地重复使用塑料方面做出了巨大的努力。根据空格后的“creatively reuse plastic for ten years”可知，此处指的是可持续的海龟保护项目。故选B项。
12．C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上题。根据空格后的“the beaches and creatively reuse plastic for ten years”可知，此处指社区清理海滩。故选C项。
13．D 考查动词辨析。句意：在亲自面对这个全球性的问题时，我内心的悲伤和愤怒很快变成了决心：尽我们所能减少生活中的塑料。根据空格后的“in me a feeling of sadness and anger”以及上文作者的亲身经历可知，此处指作者内心升起悲伤和愤怒。故选D项。
14．B 考查名词辨析。句意：同上题。根据空格后的“to do as much as possible to reduce plastic in our life”可知，作者决心尽自己所能减少生活中的塑料。故选B项。
15．A 考查动词辨析。句意：小的改变可以产生大影响！结合上文内容可知，此处作者呼吁大家减少生活中的塑料。结合空格后的“a difference”可知，此处考查固定短语make a difference，意为“有影响”。故选A项。(共105张PPT)
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Period Two Learning About Language
课前自主预习
A．锦标赛；联赛
B．混合；结合体；混合物
C．鼓掌；称赞；赞赏
D．对……征税；使纳税；税；税款
E．胶囊；太空舱
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．After the speaker finished his speech, we all rose to applaud.( )
2．A Chinese space capsule is currently orbiting the earth.
( )
3．The increased tax burden could force many small companies to close.( )
4．No professionals may participate in the amateur tennis tournament.( )
5．The mixture described below will approximate(接近) it, but is not exactly the same.( )
【答案】1．C 2．E 3．D 4．A 5．B
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．applause n．掌声；喝彩→_________ vt. & vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏(参考：response→respond)
2．profession n．职业；行业→_________ adj.职业的；专业的(参考：region→regional)
3．mix v．混合；掺入→_________ n．混合；结合体；混合物(参考：depart→departure)
【答案】1．applaud 2．professional 3．mixture
4．cover v．覆盖；涉及；报道；采访→_________ n．新闻报道；覆盖范围(参考：post→postage)
5．tourney vi.参加比赛 n．锦标赛→_______ n．锦标赛；联赛(参考：move→movement)
【答案】4．coverage 5．tournament
Ⅲ.预备语法(动词不定式)
指出黑体部分在句中作什么句子成分
1．It’s very important to master a foreign language.______
【答案】1．It作形式主语；真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语
2．To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.______
3．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.______
4．Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come.______
【答案】2．主语 3．表语 4．宾语
5．Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.______
6．Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.______
7．Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore.______
【答案】5．宾语补足语 6．状语 7．定语
课堂新知讲练
1．profession n．职业；行业
(P28)Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything _______ (in return).
【翻译】亨利·诺曼·白求恩把他的一生和事业都奉献给了帮助人们这件事上，不求任何________(回报)。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)by profession 在职业上；就职业来说
(2)professional adj. 职业的；专业的
(3)professionally adv. 专业地；职业地
【用法详解】
He is a doctor by profession.
他的职业是医生。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The camps have many excellent horses, __________ (profession) guides and lots of support workers.
(2)Their ______________(profession) cover government officials, athletes, drivers, teachers, artists and so on.
【答案】(1)professional (2)professions
(3)If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, _____________ (profession) presented manuscript(原稿).
完成句子
(4)The author of the guidebook is ___________________．
这本指南的作者是一名职业建筑师。
【答案】(3)professionally (4)an architect by profession
2．set off 动身；出发；触发；激起；使爆炸
(P28)Using his own money, Zac bought a boat and set off.
【翻译】扎克用自己的钱买了一艘船就出发了。
set up建立；成立；竖立起来；创(纪录)
set about doing sth 着手做某事；开始做某事
set sth aside把某物放在一边
set down放下；写下
set out启程；动身
set out to do sth 开始做某事；着手做某事
【用法详解】
Who set off the fire alarm
谁拉响了火警报警器？
They set up an organisation to help each other.
他们成立了一个机构来互相帮助。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Lily set about ________(do) her homework as soon as she finished her supper.
(2)Mary set her schoolbag _______ and began to do her paperwork.
(3)You’d better set ___________ early so that you can arrive there before dark.
(4)Mother set out ____________(prepare) dinner as soon as she got home.
【答案】(1)doing (2)aside (3)out/off (4)to prepare
3．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物
(P28)_______ (Reaching out across the sea) is often a mixture of danger and ________(boredom).
【翻译】________(跨越海洋)通常是危险和________(无聊)的结合。
(1)a mixture of… ……的混合物
(2)mix vt.& vi.混合；调配
n．结合；配料；混合料；混录；混音
mix with sth 与某物相融合
mix sth with sth 把某物与某物混合起来
mix sth up 弄错；弄乱
(3)mixed adj. 混合的；掺和的；混杂的；掺杂在一起的
【用法详解】
Above all, harmful things such as plastic and used batteries should not be mixed with other waste.
最重要的是，有害的东西，如塑料和废旧电池不应该与其他废弃物混合。
My childhood was filled with a mixture of fun and love.
我的童年充满了乐趣和爱。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Nancy’s first reaction to the news was a strange ________ (mix) of joy and anger.
(2)It will be much better if you can sometimes mix study _______ entertainment.
(3)I have ________(mix) feelings about moving across the country — it’s exciting, but I’ll miss my old friends.
【答案】(1)mixture (2)with (3)mixed
4．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围
(P28)When the journey ended, Zac’s adventure received widespread media coverage.
【翻译】当旅程结束时，扎克的冒险受到了媒体的广泛报道。
(1)media/newspaper coverage 媒体/报纸报道
live coverage 现场直播
insurance coverage 保险范围
coverage rate 覆盖率
【用法详解】
(2)cover vt. 遮盖；覆盖；报道
n．覆盖物；封面；掩饰
from cover to cover 从头到尾
under cover 隐藏着；秘密地
cover with… 用……覆盖
under separate cover 在另函中
take cover 躲藏；隐蔽
(2)后缀为-age的名词还有：advantage(优点，优势，好处); bandage(绷带，包带); blockage(造成阻塞的东西，阻塞物；堵塞，阻塞); breakage(裂口); carriage(客车厢；马车，托板，婴儿车); disadvantage(不利，不利地位)等。
What did you think of the election coverage
对关于这次大选的报道你怎么看？
The players were soon covered in mud.
那些运动员很快就浑身溅满了泥。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Later he found the hole ________(cover) with some leaves.
(2)They gave ________(cover) of the incident in the evening news.
【答案】(1)covered (2)coverage
完成句子
(3)_______________ we are sending you a copy of agreement duly signed by us.
兹另邮寄上经正式签字的合同一份。
(4)In Zhejiang Province, mountain area is large, ___________ is high, non-wood resources are rich.
浙江省山地面积大，森林覆盖率高，非木质资源丰富。
【答案】(3)Under separate cover
(4)the forest coverage rate
5．applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏
(P29)The crowd / stood / applaud / scientists / for their important ocean research work
【翻译】群众/站起来/鼓掌/科学家们/为重要的海洋研究工作
(1)applaud sth as… 把某事誉为……
applaud sb for sth 因某事称赞某人
(2)applause n．鼓掌；喝彩
a round of applause 一阵掌声
【用法详解】
He finished his speech in a magnetic voice, and the audience erupted in applause.
他以具有吸引力的声音结束了演讲，观众响起了热烈的掌声。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)We ______________； you can go ahead as planned.
我们赞同你的计划；你可以按计划进行。
【答案】(1)applaud your plan
(2)They _____________________ his courage and determined to learn from him.
他们因他的勇气而称赞他，并决心向他学习。
(3)She got _______________________ when she finished her speech.
她结束演讲的时候获得了一阵掌声。
【答案】(2)applauded him for
(3)a round of applause
6．except for除……之外
(P29)They seem _______ (not worry) about anything, except for the youngest, who…
【翻译】他们似乎什么都________(不担心)，除了那个最小的孩子，他……
(1)except for意为“除……之外”，用于排除非同类事物，强调整体上的部分细节。
(2)except意为“除……之外”，表示从全部中所排除的部分，常与no，all，none，nothing，everything, anything等连用。
【用法详解】
Nobody speaks except for one man.
除了一个男人没人说话。
Except for learning Chinese, do foreign friends like Chinese culture
除了学习汉语，外国朋友们喜欢中国文化吗？
We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea.
我们会想象在海底除了黄沙以外，什么都没有。
【易混辨析】
besides，except，except for & apart from
besides “除……之外(还有)……”，表示肯定意义，与“in addition to”同义，还可表示“而且”
except 指在同一类事物的总体中除去一部分，强调“除……之外(其余都)……”；except的后面不仅可以接短语，还可以接that, if等引导的从句
Besides being a painter, Da Vinci is also an architect, scientist and engineer.
达·芬奇不仅是画家，还是建筑师、科学家和工程师。
except for 用于非同类事物，强调整体上的部分细节，其后接名词(短语)
apart from 兼有besides和except的含义，后接名词、代词或动名词
In 50 years of travelling, Colin McCorquodale has visited every country in the world, except three.
在50年的旅行中，科林·麦科克代尔已经游览过除三个国家以外的世界其他各国。
We all had to attend morning assembly every weekday, except for boys of other faiths, who were allowed to stay in their classrooms.
除了有其他信仰的男孩子被允许待在教室里以外，我们所有人每个工作日都要参加晨会。
We should also make sure that there are better ways for young people to use their free time apart from spending money.
除了花钱以外，我们还要确保年轻人有更好的方式来打发他们的业余时间。
[针对练习]
选用besides, apart from或except (for)填空
(1)The night passed peacefully _________ traffic noise.
(2)This text is well written ___________ some spelling mistakes.
【答案】(1)except for (2)except for
(3)Mike can also speak Russian and French, _______ English.
(4)You can’t come to visit me _____ that I am free from work.
(5)She’s done all the important Shakespearean roles ________ Lady Macbeth.
【答案】(3)besides (4)except (5)apart from/except
(P28)At his press conference, he talked about how passion and courage made his dream come true.
在新闻发布会上，他谈到了激情和勇气是如何使他的梦想成真的。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“made his dream come true”是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，“come true”是省略了to的不定式短语作宾语补足语。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
(1)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，作宾语补足语的可以是省略to的不定式、形容词、名词或过去分词。
(2)若将make sb/sth do sth 变为被动语态，则要用带to的不定式作主语补足语。
(3)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，有时可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式或从句。
Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts.
我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。
He was made to write an 8–hundred–word composition by the teacher.
老师让他写一篇800词的作文。
His new job makes it necessary for him to improve his spoken English.
他的新工作要求他提高英语口语水平。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The teacher explained the sentence again to make himself ________(understand).
(2)We’ve made_______ clear that we’ll never give in to any pressure.
(3)The little girl was made_______ (cry) by her elder brother.
【答案】(1)understood (2)it (3)to cry
完成句子
(4)The heavy rain ________________________________．
大雨使得我们无法出去。
【答案】(4)made it impossible for us to go out
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【例句观察】
1．To make friends with them is very helpful.
2．To learn English well is very important for school students.
3．To learn English well, you have to practise more.
4．What I want to do is to see the scientist with my own eyes．
5．John asked me to lend him some money．
【我的领悟】
1．句1、句2中的两个动词不定式短语在句中作______。
2．在句3中，动词不定式短语在句中作______，表示目的。它是由句子中的________发出的动作。
Keys：1．主语 2．状语；主语
3．在句4中，不定式短语在句中作________。这时，这个不定式用来________．
4．在句5中，不定式短语在句中作________， 表示宾语发出的动作。
Keys：3．表语；解释主语的内容 4．宾语补足语
□动词不定式(The Infinitive)
一、作主语
不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。
To get up very early is beneficial to your health.
注意不定式作主语常见句型：
1．It is＋adj.(easy, difficult, necessary, important…)＋不定式．
2．It is＋n.(a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame…)＋不定式．
3．It takes/needs/requires＋some time (hours, months, days, patience…)＋不定式．
It is difficult to keep up a friendship.
It is a pity to waste so much money.
It is just like you to be always ready to help a friend.
It took them two hours to finish the work.
二、作表语
不定式作表语主要有三种情况：
(1)用于seem, appear, prove, turn out等连系动词(词组)之后。
The man over there seems to be a new teacher.
(2)用于像“My job is to sweep the floor.(To sweep the floor is my job.)”这样的主语与表语“等价”的情况。
The most important duty for a doctor is to heal the wounded and save the dying.
(3)表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas.
三、作宾语
1．可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等。
I can’t afford to buy such an expensive car.
注意：当不定式短语比宾语补足语长时，往往将不定式放到宾语补足语后，用代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有：feel, think, make, find, believe, consider等。
I think it necessary for me to learn English well.
I have long had it in mind to answer your email.
2．不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语。此外，少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。在一般情况下，作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do, does, did时，通常省略to。
Professor Wang gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
四、 作宾语补足语
在SVOC句型中，许多动词都可以接不定式作宾语补足语。
1．通常作宾语补足语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等。
He doesn’t really expect her to pass the exam.
注意：在谓语动词believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be…作宾语补足语，不跟to do…。
We all supposed him to be German, but in fact he was Swiss.
2．以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾语补足语时不能带to：
(1)一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let, have, make等。
They made the boy go to bed early.
(2)一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等。
We felt the house shake.
注意：当这两类动词为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补足语。作主语补足语的不定式必须加上to。
His father made him go to bed early.
→He was made to go to bed early by his father.
五、作定语
1．不定式作定语，通常放在所修饰词之后，表示还未发生的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
We are very busy and we all have a lot of work to do on weekends.
I want to come to your birthday party, but I have a project to finish.
2．在序数词或形容词最高级， the last，the next, the only等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。
In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
3．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有ability, chance, idea, hope, promise, attempt, way等。
The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it a habit.
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
注意：当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般用被动式(to be done)；不定式有时还可以用完成时的被动式(to have been done)表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
六、作状语
1．表示目的：可用于so as和in order之后，表示强调。
She went to the hospital (in order/so as) to see her grandfather yesterday.
2．表示结果：可用于…enough to, so…as to, such…as to, only to…以及too…to等结构中。
She is too weak to join us in the outing.
3．表示原因：常用于表示情绪或心理活动的形容词之后。
I’m delighted to hear that you are keen on traditional Chinese culture.
4．用于“be＋性质形容词＋不定式”结构中。常用于该结构的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, light, good, fit, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous，safe, impossible 等。
The box is not easy to carry.
七、不定式的省略
1．当感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号to(注意在被动语态中应加上to)
The librarian will let you know when the book should be returned.
The young girl was made to clean the classroom.
2．在下列结构中常省略不定式符号to：
may/might as well do sth 不妨做某事
had better do sth 最好做某事
do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事
can’t help but do sth 只能做某事
Why not do sth 为什么不做某事？
prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B
would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B
□针对练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I was too hungry _______(take) another run，so I decided to eat something at the lodge.
2．Tom followed his sister directly into Mary’s bedroom, only ________(find) that Mary was coughing heavily.
3．That week day after day，I was sitting on my seat, pretending ________(read).
【答案】1．to take 2．to find 3．to be reading
4．All the players selected from every class made efforts ____ (earn) scores.
5．It has harmful effects, causing the sea level ________(rise) and many natural disasters to strike.
6．You will also compete with each other ________(see) how skilled you are at using chopsticks.
7．Surfing the Internet，which is a good way ________ (relax) ourselves, can increase our knowledge.
【答案】4．to earn 5．to rise 6．to see 7．to relax
8．I was so fortunate ________________(meet) such kind and helpful persons.
9．As a new student, it is natural for you ________(find) it difficult to get along well with others.
【答案】8．to have met 9．to find
10．The event _____________________(broadcast) live next Friday morning will honour those who have made outstanding contributions in this field.
【答案】10．to be broadcast/to be broadcasted
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．If I am admitted, I will try my best _______________．
如果我被录取，我会尽我最大的努力为学生服务。
2．I think it is common for you ______________________ the life there, so don’t worry too much.
我认为，你不习惯那里的生活是很正常的，所以不要太担心。
【答案】1．to serve the students
2．not to get used to
3．If you intend ________________________， I suggest that you consider the Chinese Spring Festival.
如果你打算研究中国的一个节日，我建议你考虑中国的春节。
【答案】3．to study one of the Chinese festivals
4．In summary, I think _______________________________ for classic reading.
总之，我认为抽出一些时间来阅读经典是必要的。
【答案】4．it is necessary to spare some time
5．I am honoured to invite you ___________________ our Mid–Autumn Festival party to be held in the school auditorium.
我很荣幸地邀请您参加即将在我们学校礼堂举行的中秋节晚会。
【答案】5．to participate in
课 时 作 业
基础练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The troops have been ________(withdraw) from their position.
2．She has devoted most of her time to ________(promote) the local people’s life.
【答案】1．withdrawn 2．promoting
3．Mike has been a ________(profession) football player since the year before last.
4．There was a great round of _______ (applaud) when the dance ended.
5．Rather than ________(ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________(ride) a bicycle.
【答案】3．professional 4．applause 5．ride; to ride
6．I lost my keys so I could do nothing but ________(wait) for my mother.
7．As we all know, China is no longer the country that it used ________(be).
【答案】6．wait 7．to be
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is much easier for them _______ addicted to chatting online or playing games because they lack self-discipline.
由于缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天或玩游戏上瘾。
【答案】1．to be
2．It’s urgent for students themselves ___________ their self-discipline, and it’s also urgent for parents and teachers _______ the guidance.
学生们自身迫切需要提高自律，父母和老师们也迫切需要加强指导。
【答案】2．to improve; to strengthen
3．Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students are choosing _______ English beyond the classroom in various ways.
目前，随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及，越来越多的学生正选择在教室之外以各种方式学英语。
【答案】3．to learn
4．What’s more, we can also hand out leaflets to call on more people _______ the ocean.
另外，我们也可以发传单，号召更多的人保护海洋。
【答案】4．to protect
5．World Oceans Day was set up _______ the awareness of protecting the oceans, which play a crucial part in the global ecosystem.
设立“世界海洋日”的目的是提高海洋保护意识。海洋在全球生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。
【答案】5．to raise
Ⅲ.单元语法专项填空
Research has become both simpler and more complex. It’s simpler because，1._______ you have a computer, you can find information you need by 2.________(search) the Internet. For all your information, you don’t have to go to the library 3.________ (find) the relevant resources and take notes on it.
【答案】1．if 2．searching 3．to find
Instead，you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies 4.________(need). Remember, however, that you should usually consult different 5.________(type) of sources. That is, you shouldn’t always rely just 6._______ the Internet for your research.
【答案】4．needed 5．types 6．on
7._______ finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, 8.________(research) has become more complex. There is a lot more material available, which means you may be 9.________(overwhelm) with the amount of information. You need to learn how 10.________(sort) through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also, you need to check.
【答案】7．While 8．research(ing) 9．overwhelmed 10．to sort
提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Four Underwater Cities You Must Visit
Dwarka — India
Dwarka is located 70 feet under the sea near the inhabited island of Bet Dwarka.It was built sometime between 9,000 and 12,000 years ago and those fortunate enough to visit can witness a diverse variety of buildings in addition to a seaport and protective walls made of sandstone.Furthermore, large stone anchors indicate that overseas trade took place in Dwarka during the Age of Antiquity all the way through medieval times.
Pavlopetri — Greece
Pavlopetri was founded around 5,000 years ago, making it one of the oldest underwater lost cities in the world.Since it was rediscovered in 1967, archeologists and tourists alike have been fascinated by the wellpreserved handicrafts.What makes Pavlopetri stick out is that it has a nearly-complete town plan, including at least 15 buildings.There is also evidence that it was once a major producer of textiles, with some of the equipment still complete!
Antirhodos — Egypt
This ancient underwater island was rediscovered in 1996 near the Alexandria harbour.In addition to being the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Ancient Wonders of the World that had been presumed(推测) lost forever, explorers can find a marble-floored 3rd century B.C．palace.The best thing is that the island is only a few metres under the water, which makes it easy to explore even for new divers!
Atlit–Yam — Israel
This underwater site was discovered in 1984 off the coast of Atlit near Haifa, and is estimated to have been settled between 6,900 and 6,300 B.C．This location offers the clearest evidence of where humans made the transition(过渡) from hunter-gatherers to settled farmers.Dive insurance is required, so make sure you are covered when you plan your trip.
( )1．In which place can visitors admire handicrafts
A．Dwarka. B．Pavlopetri.
C．Antithodos. D．Atlit-Yam.
( )2．What can we learn about Antirhodos
A．It has various ancient buildings.
B．It has a completely preserved town.
C．It is easily accessible to divers.
D．It is where ancient hunters gathered.
( )3．What do visitors need to do before visiting Atlit–Yam
A．Take a map and a compass.
B．Book the trip online.
C．Learn about the history of farming.
D．Buy dive insurance.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个必须参观的水下城市。
1．B 细节理解题。根据Pavlopetri — Greece部分中的“Since it was rediscovered in 1967, archeologists and tourists alike have been fascinated by the well-preserved handicrafts.”可知，如果游客想要欣赏手工艺品，可以到希腊的水下城市——帕夫洛彼特里。故选B项。
2．C 细节理解题。根据Antirhodos — Egypt部分中的“The best thing is that the island is only a few metres under the water, which makes it easy to explore even for new divers！”可知，埃及的水下岛屿对于潜水员新手而言，探索是很容易的。故选C项。
3．D 细节理解题。根据Atlit — Israel部分中的“Dive insurance is required, so make sure you are covered when you plan your trip.”可知，当你计划到以色列的Atlit-Yam参观时，需要购买潜水保险。与D项一致。故选D项。
Ⅱ.七选五
It has been suspected that whale sharks, the biggest fish in the sea, are long–lived, and now this has been confirmed using a carbon dating technique. __1__
Steven Campana is a researcher from the University of Iceland in Reykjavik. __2__ It makes a big difference whether they are fast–growing and short–lived, or slow–growing and long–lived.
__3__ They don’t have the bony structures in their ears that are used to work out the age of most fish. Instead, sharks’ age can be measured based on growth rings in their cartilaginous vertebrae(软骨椎骨), and these growth rings form at different rates in different species.
Two decades ago, Campana’s team showed that growth-ring-based age could be checked by looking at levels of the carbon-14 isotope(同位素) in the rings. __4__ For instance, it was thought that great white sharks lived only 12 to 15 years, but recent studies have shown individuals as old as 73．
Now the carbon–14 technique has been applied to the preserved remains of two adult whale sharks. It shows that one of these whales was at least 50 years old. __5__
In 2016, a study using the same method reported that Greenland sharks are the longest living vertebrates(脊椎动物) possibly living as long as 500 years. Campana is doubtful about such extreme life span, but it is clear that they can live more than a century.
A．Other individuals may live even longer.
B．But working out how long sharks live is difficult.
C．A lot of animals including sharks can live for decades.
D．The sharks are now able to survive in low oxygen environments.
E．In his opinion, knowing how long animals live is important for conservation.
F．It turns out that these animals live for at least 50 years and probably far longer.
G．This technique has proved that the age of many sharks has been guessed wrong.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是碳年代测定技术的运用，它证实了鲸鲨是海洋中最大的鱼类，且寿命很长。
1．F 根据上文“It has been suspected that…using a carbon dating technique.”可知，现在已经通过碳年代测定技术证实了鲸鲨寿命很长。F项“事实证明，这些动物至少能活50年，甚至可能更长。”承接上文，符合语境。故选F项。
2．E 根据上文“Steven Campana is a researcher…in Reykjavik.”以及下文“It makes a big difference…and long-lived.”可知，空格处应与Steven Campana对了解动物寿命的看法有关。E项“在他看来，了解动物的寿命对保护是重要的。”符合语境。故选E项。
3．B 根据下文“They don’t have the bony structures…at different rates in different species.”可知，空格处应与计算鲨鱼的年龄有关。B项“但是计算鲨鱼的寿命是困难的。”符合语境。故选B项。
4．G 根据上文“Two decades ago, Campana’s team…in the rings.”以及下文“For instance…as old as 73．”可知，空格处应承上启下。G项“这项技术证明，许多鲨鱼的年龄被猜错了。”符合语境。故选G项。
5．A 根据上文“Now the carbon-14 technique…at least 50 years old.”可知，碳-14技术表明其中一头鲸鱼至少有50岁。A项“其他的可能活得更久。”承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。(共95张PPT)
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Period Three Using Language
课前自主预习
A．与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
B．开发；利用；剥削
C．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录
D．把……载入正式记录；记录；正式记录；日志；原木
E．海的；海产的；海生的
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．I set the log on the ground and shaved off the bark.( )
2．This option lets you search your current directory for files by date, contents, and document summary.( )
3．The doctor will see you again next week.Meanwhile，you must rest as much as possible.( )
4．Seals and whales are marine animals.( )
5．We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible.( )
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．B
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．migrate v．迁徙；移居；迁移 →____________n．迁移；迁徙；移居(参考：create→creation)
2．murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n.谋杀；凶杀
→___________ n．谋杀犯；杀人凶手(参考：teach→teacher)
【答案】1．migration 2．murderer
3．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→___________ adj.宽大的；仁慈的→___________ adj.无情的；残忍的
4．possess v．有；拥有→ ___________ n．个人财产；拥有；控制(参考：impress→impression)
【答案】3．merciful; merciless 4．possession
Ⅲ.预备写作素材
1．Recently our class _________________________(进行了一次关于海洋探索的讨论).
【答案】
1．had a discussion about sea exploration
2．Opinions ____________________________(在这个话题上有分歧).
3．However, every coin__________________(有两面性).
【答案】
2．were divided on the topic 3．has two sides
4．Some students support the opinion.Other students________ ____________________(反对这个观点).
5．73% of the students ____________________________(支持这一观点).
【答案】
4．oppose the opinion 5．supported the view
6．However, ____________________________(27%的学生) were against the idea.
7．I think the second view is __________________________ (完全错误的).
8．As far as I’m concerned/Personally，I’m ______________ (赞成第二种观点).
【答案】
6．27% of the students 7．completely wrong
8．in favour of the second view
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.阅读课文，选择正确选项
( )1．The author of Text 1 believes that sea exploration results in ________．
A．various problems to the earth
B．people’s better understanding of the sea
C．more natural energy for humans
D．good living conditions for humans
【答案】A
( )2．What can we infer from Paragraph 3 of Text 1
A．The earth is getting much hotter than before.
B．What we did has damaged wildlife in the sea.
C．Global warming has caused bad effects to the Arctic.
D．Humans have killed too much wildlife.
【答案】C
( )3．What is the author’s attitude towards sea exploration in Text 1
A．Supportive. B．Opposed.
C．Uncertain. D．Optimistic.
【答案】B
( )4．The author of Text 2 holds the view that _____．
A．people are concerned too much about sea exploration
B．humans must have a good understanding of the earth
C．sea exploration can help get rid of food shortage for us
D．it is essential for us to carry out sea exploration
【答案】D
( )5．In Text 2, the author believes that with the growing of population, ________.
A．new resources are in great need for our future development
B．more oil will be exploited from underground in the future
C．more options will be applied to keep the balance of nature
D．we will be able to predict earthquakes more precisely
【答案】A
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
The first author thinks that sea exploration means exploiting the sea.He holds the belief that 1.________(much) exploration than before on the sea has resulted in water and plastic pollution on the sea, 2.________(kill) birds and fish in the sea.Mining on the sea, 3.________(especial) in the Arctic regions,
【答案】1．more 2．killing 3．especially
will melt the ice in that area, which will make temperatures on the earth grow 4.________(high).Overfishing is 5._______ serious problem we face today.Many countries are still hunting whales and dolphins for their meat, though it 6.________(ban) in 1982．
【答案】4．higher 5．a 6．was banned
However, the second author thinks 7._______ is important for us humans to carry out sea exploration because we have to get to know 8._______ is happening to our earth so as to take proper measures.Besides, we can better manage the resources in the sea 9._______ we learn better about the sea.In the end, we human beings need more new resources for future 10.________ (develop). All those make it necessary for us to make further exploration into the sea.
【答案】7．it 8．what 9．if 10．development
课堂新知讲练
1．meanwhile adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下
(P30)Meanwhile, we also noted their location, so we can track their movements and plot their migration path.
【翻译】同时，我们还记录了它们的位置，这样我们就可以跟踪它们的行动，绘制它们的迁徙路线。
◇词汇拓讲
in the meanwhile/meantime 与此同时
for the meanwhile/meantime 眼下；暂时
【用法详解】
I was doing my homework and (in the) meanwhile/meantime my teacher was preparing lessons.
→I was doing my homework while my teacher was preparing lessons.
我做作业的同时，我的老师正在备课。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Mother is on the way home.________， I am preparing the dinner.
(2)Anna made up her mind to avoid snacks.________the meanwhile, she took up jogging to lose weight.
(3)The power supply should be back soon — ________the meantime we’ll have to use candles.
【答案】(1)Meanwhile (2)In (3)for
完成句子
(4)Father was cutting the grass happily, and _______________ ____________ Mother was planting roses.
父亲在开心地修剪草坪；与此同时，母亲在种玫瑰。
【答案】(4)meanwhile / in the meanwhile/meantime
2．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削
(P32)When people talk of exploring the sea more, they usually mean exploiting it.
【翻译】当人们谈到探索海洋时，他们通常指的是开发它。
(1)exploit sth to do sth 利用某物做某事
exploit sb with sth 用某事剥削某人
exploit resources 开发资源
exploit opportunities 抓住机会
(2)exploitation n．开发；利用；剥削
(3)exploiter n．开发者；剥削者
【用法详解】
You should exploit your talent to serve our society.
你应该利用你的天赋服务社会。
He is leading a campaign to save Brazil’s rainforests from exploitation.
他正在领导一场拯救巴西雨林免于开发的运动。
He is accused of exploiting child labour.
他被指控剥削童工。
We are trying to exploit the oil under the sea.
我们正努力在海底开采石油。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)You must exploit every opportunity______________(learn) new things.
(2)The controlled ________(exploit) of sea resources can protect many species.
(3)Children must go to school, not be financially_______ (exploit).
【答案】(1)to learn (2)exploitation (3)exploited
完成句子
(4)The company plans _____________ new markets in Asia.
公司计划开拓亚洲的新市场。
(5)___________________ natural resources is a major concern for environmentalists.
自然资源的开发是环保人士的主要关注点。
【答案】(4)to exploit (5)The exploitation of
3．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
(P32)Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
【翻译】虽然这在1982年就被禁止了，但是一些国家仍然毫无怜悯地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。
(1)without mercy无情地
ask/beg/plead for mercy 请求/乞求宽恕
at the mercy of… 任凭……的摆布
have mercy on… 对……仁慈
show (no) mercy to… 对……(不)仁慈
(2)merciful adj.仁慈的；宽大的
(3)mercifully adv.幸运地；宽大地
(4)merciless adj.残忍的；无情的
【用法详解】
We had no choice and had to be at the mercy of the sea.
我们别无选择，只好任由大海摆布。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The hunters killed the deer________mercy.
(2)Thanks to the________(mercy) lady, I had a little money to buy a ticket home.
(3)The mangrove’s ecosystem, however, is at the mercy ________ a delicate saline balance.
【答案】(1)without (2)merciful (3)of
完成句子
(4)She was a kind-hearted woman and often _____________ people who were in trouble.
她是一个心地善良的女人，常常怜悯那些陷入困境的人。
【答案】(4)had mercy on / showed mercy to
4．possession n．个人财产；拥有；控制
(P32)The sea is home to life, not human beings’ possessions.
【翻译】海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的财产。
(1)be in possession of(＝own) 拥有；占有
be in the possession of(＝belong to)
(某物)为(某人)所有/控制
take/have possession of… 占有……
for possession of… 因为拥有……
【用法详解】
(2)possess vt. 拥有；持有(东西，资产)；具有(性情、特质)
be possessed of 具有；拥有(某种品质、能力等)
be possessed by… 为……所支配
a self–possessed person 一个镇静的人
She was possessed of exceptional powers of concentration.
她有高超的专注能力。
An old lady is now in possession of my old house.
我的那套旧房子已归一位老太太所有。
They put in claims for possession of the estate.
他们提出对那块土地所有权的要求。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The necklace is one of her most treasured ____________ (possess).
(2)This company is in __________possession of Mr Li.
(3)Mark is possessed__________many good qualities and many people think highly of him.
【答案】(1)possessions (2)the (3)of
完成句子
(4)As a bilingual student with over 10 years of English learning experience, I __________________________________．
作为一名拥有10多年英语学习经验的双语学生，我拥有出色的沟通能力。
【答案】(4)am possessed of/possess excellent communication skills
1．(P32)Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.
【翻译】更多地了解海洋也将帮助我们更好地管理它的资源。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“understanding more about the sea”是动词的–ing形式短语作主语。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
1．动词的–ing形式(短语)作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Swimming is a good exercise.
游泳是一项好运动。
Reading in the sun is bad for eyes.
在阳光下阅读对眼睛有害。
2．动词的-ing形式(短语)作主语时，往往出现在以下句型：
(1)为使句子平衡，有时用 it 作形式主语，把动词的-ing形式(短语)置于句末。此类情况多见于某些形容词及名词(短语)之后，如：good, no good, no use, useless, senseless等。
It is useless doing… 做……是没用的。
It is no use/good doing… 做……是没用的。
It’s a waste of time doing sth.
做某事是浪费时间的。
(2)用于“There be no＋v.-ing…”结构中，如：
There is no knowing/telling/arguing/denying… 没法知道/判断/争辩/否认……
There is no use crying over spilt milk.
为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。/覆水难收。
It is no good arguing with him.
和他争论没有好处。
3．动词的–ing形式(短语)的被动形式为 being done。
Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to our skin.
暴露在阳光下太久会伤害我们的皮肤。
4．单个动词的-ing形式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动词的–ing形式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Talking is easier than doing.说比做容易。
Collecting stamps and running are his hobbies.
集邮和跑步是他的爱好。
5．动词的–ing形式作主语时，还可以是复合结构，前面可以有物主代词：
My opening the door annoyed him.
我开门使他烦恼。
6．动词的–ing形式(短语)作主语与不定式(短语)作主语的区别：
动词的–ing形式(短语)作主语常用于描述一般性的动作和状态；不定式(短语)作主语常用于描述某次具体的动作或状态，还可以表示尚未发生的动作。
To go for a swim on such a hot day is a great idea.(某次具体的动作)
Swimming is my favourite sport and I swim three times a week.(一般性动作)
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)______________(develop) the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls for a clear road map and timetable.
(2)______________(expose) to loud music too much has caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
(3)There is no ____________(know) whether we will be able to get enough raw materials.
【答案】(1)Developing (2)Being exposed (3)knowing
完成句子/句式改写
(4)_________________________ for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.
和一个外国家庭一起生活一两个星期意味着你不得不说他们的语言，这样你就会提高得很快。
【答案】(4)Living with a foreign family
(5)Persuading such a person to join us is a waste of time because he is too stubborn.
→_______________________________________________ because he is too stubborn.(用形式主语it改写)
【答案】(5)It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us
2．(P32)There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals.
【翻译】海洋和冰层下可能蕴藏着丰富的资源，不仅有石油和天然气，而且有珍贵的矿产资源。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“not just”相当于“not only”，它同后面的“but also”一起构成“not only…but also…”，意为“不仅……而且……”。
【归纳拓展】
not only…but also…常用来连接两个并列的成分。
(1)两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)若连接两个句子，且“not only”位于句首时，后面的句子要用部分倒装，将句子的助动词提前，放在主语的前面。
(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词的单复数形式通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
Not only you but also he has to leave.
不只是你，他也得离开。
Not only should we raise money for them but also we should help them rebuild their home.
我们不仅应该为他们筹集资金，而且我们应该帮助他们重建家园。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Lily not only does well in her lessons, _______ also plays the violin well.
(2)Not only _______ Mary help me take care of my child, but also does shopping for me.
(3)Not only you but also Mike ________(be) to blame for these serious mistakes.
【答案】(1)but (2)does (3)is
3．(P32)Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance.
【翻译】希望随着技术的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来实现这种平衡。
【句式剖析】
本句中的as是一个连词，表示伴随的情况，引导状语从句。
【归纳拓展】
as用作连词，引导状语从句，应注意把握以下用法：
(1)as在句中引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”。
(2)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”。
(3)引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”。
(4)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
You must do everything as I do.
你必须照着我做的来做每一件事。
They sang songs as they were doing farm work.
他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。
As he is ill, he doesn’t feel like eating.
因为他病了，所以不想吃东西。
As time went by, I gradually adapted myself to the school life.
随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
【温馨提示】
with也可以表示“随着”，但with是介词，后接名词或代词，构成with短语或with复合结构。(具体内容请参考本书P53的相关内容)
With the development of science and technology, our life is getting better and better.
随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好了。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The children sang and danced _______ they walked all the way home.
(2)_______ months and weeks went by, the little girl turned into an excellent lawyer.
(3)Child _______ he is, he can recite more than one hundred famous poems.
【答案】(1)as (2)As (3)as
课 时 作 业
基础练
Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空
1．We hoped ________(catch) the early bus, but it had left before we got the station.
2．Emile is the first _______ (put) up his hand to answer the question in history class.
3．This traffic accident was reported ________(kill) three people, including two students.
【答案】1．to have caught 2．to put 3．to have killed
4．My brother preferred ________(take) a taxi rather than drive his own car.
5．Have you checked all the machines ________(send) to Xizang next month
6．—Have you got anything ________(take) there
—No, I’ll go there myself.Thank you just the same.
【答案】4．to take 5．to be sent 6．to be taken
7．I’m too busy now.Would you please get someone _______ (do) my washing up
8．Why did the teacher ________(write) an article for the wall-newspaper
9．Our patience ________________(tax) to the limit already.
【答案】7．to do 8．write 9．has been taxed
10．Customers pay for the app ________(log) on and gossip with other users.
11．She won her first victory, a victory that ______________ (applaud) by the public.
12．When the client ____________(murder), his wife took the rap(承担责任), but did she really do it
【答案】10．to log 11．was applauded
12．was murdered
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Lots of birds are killed on their annual ________(migrate) trip.
2．I’m sorry, but I really didn’t mean ________(hurt) you.
3．Wasting your time means ________(kill) yourself with your own hand.
【答案】1．migration 2．to hurt 3．killing
4．The earthquake occurred all of a sudden, ________(cost) the lives of more than one thousand.
5．The meeting will be put off until ________(far) notice because the manager is ill.
6．Lily not only does well in her lessons _______ also plays the piano well.
【答案】4．costing 5．further 6．but
7．She is an indifferent woman and seldom shows mercy ____ other people.
8．This large woodland is home _______ many birds and other wildlife.
9．This company is still in the ________(possess) of Mr Wang, not his brother.
10．________(hope), humans will be able to live more than one hundred years.
【答案】7．to 8．to 9．possession 10．Hopefully
提升练
阅读理解
A
It is becoming more and more important for researchers to closely observe our sea life, with climate change and overfishing damaging our oceans.However, this is almost impossible since human presence scares the animals.
Now, thanks to The Soft Robotic Fish, also called SoFi, researchers may not only be able to keep a close eye on the creatures, but also uncover undersea secrets that have been confusing us for centuries.Though not the first autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) created to observe the oceans, SoFi solves many of the problems that have hindered(妨碍) the usefulness of previous robots.
AUVs traditionally have had to be tied to a boat because radio communications do not work well underwater.To solve the problem, CSAIL director Daniela Rus and her team used sound waves which can travel greater distances, allowing drivers using a waterproofed Super Nintendo controller to pilot SoFi from up to 50 feet away.To ensure SoFi can freely move around the ocean, a pump moves water from one balloon–like structure to the other through its soft rubber tail, while a controller fitted with a battery powers the robot through the ocean.
During test dives, SoFi moved alongside the sea life at depths of 50 feet for up to 40 minutes at a time, taking high–quality photos and videos.Even more importantly, it was able to do so without causing any disturbance.The researchers say sometimes the fish would swim alongside the strange-looking robot-fish out of curiosity, while at other times they appeared completely unaware of its existence.
While SoFi currently only records videos, future versions will include sensors.“For us, this fish is magical,” says Rus.“We imagine someday it might help us uncover more mysteries from the amazing underwater world that we know so little about.”
( )1．The first paragraph is used to ______.
A．attract readers’ attention
B．provide background information
C．call on people to stop overfishing
D．show human influence on sea animals
( )2．What drives SoFi to move underwater
A．A solar battery.
B．A rubber tail.
C．A special controller.
D．An inside balloon.
( )3．What words may be used to describe SoFi
A．Multi-functional and expensive.
B．Scary-looking but sensitive.
C．Fast-moving and disturbing.
D．Silent-running but powerful.
( )4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Rus has a magical fish.
B．SoFi needs to be improved.
C．Rus has designed sensors for SoFi.
D．We know little about the underwater world.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项叫做SoFi的新发明。研究人员通过它可以密切观察海洋生物。
1．B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，本段介绍了密切观察海洋生物的重要性，但现实条件不允许，因为人类的出现会吓坏海洋生物。由此可推知，本段是为后文要介绍的新发明SoFi提供背景信息的，告诉我们是什么促使研究人员研发SoFi。故选B项。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To ensure SoFi can freely move around the ocean, a pump moves water from one balloon-like structure to the other through its soft rubber tail, while a controller fitted with a battery powers the robot through the ocean.”可知，一个装有电池的控制器为机器人在海洋中移动提供动力。由此可知，一个特殊的控制器驱动SoFi在水下移动。故选C项。
3．D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“During test dives, SoFi moved alongside the sea life at depths of 50 feet for up to 40 minutes at a time…without causing any disturbance.”可知，SoFi每次的工作时间长达40分钟。由此可知，它是充满力量的；它能够在不引起任何干扰的情况下拍摄高质量的照片和视频，由此可知，它的运行是无声的。短语Silent-running but powerful意为“无声运转，却充满力量”，符合对SoFi特点的描述。故选D项。
4．B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While SoFi currently only records videos, future versions will include sensors.”可知，目前SoFi只能录制视频，但经过后期的研发，未来的版本将包括传感器。由此可推断，SoFi需要改进，提升功能。故选B项。
B
As is commonly known, Antarctica is an icy continent with extreme environment.However, a new study provides evidence that the area had a rainforest in the past.
The researchers collected a piece of the earth sediment from under the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica.In the sediment, they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old.At that period, dinosaurs were the ruler animals of the land.
Johann Klages, a German geologist, was the lead writer of a study on the findings, which was published in the journal Nature.He said the sediment was collected from a depth of about 30 metres below the ocean floor.Klages said an examination showed that the material didn’t form in the ocean.
The researchers estimate that the area — about 900 kilometres from the South Pole — had average yearly temperatures of about 12°C to 13°C. The soil included fine dirt particles and hard clay, as well as substances linked to at least 65 different kinds of plants, the study found.Although no animal remains were found, Klages said there were likely dinosaurs, flying reptiles and many insects in the environment.
The research represents new evidence of the major climate changes the earth experienced in the past — and is currently undergoing today.The soil in the sediment dates back to the planet’s warmest period of the past 140 million years, with sea level about 170 metres higher than today.The researchers said that the rainforest environment in Antarctica was especially surprising because each year, the area experiences a four–month polar night when there is no sunlight to fuel plant life.Klages said no ice sheets were present during the time, but seasonal snowfall was likely.
( )5．What can we learn about the sediment collected
A．It was formed in the age of dinosaurs.
B．It was found on the Antarctica land.
C．Ancient forest material was found in it.
D．Some dinosaur remains were found in it.
( )6．How did the researchers reach their findings
A．By analysing the earth sediment.
B．By exploring ice in Antarctica.
C．By collecting data on climate.
D．By researching special plants.
( )7．What can be indicated in the last paragraph
A．Seasonal snowfall made the forest disappear.
B．Antarctica was much colder 140 million years ago.
C．Antarctica’s natural environment has changed greatly.
D．Polar nights in Antarctica are getting shorter than before.
( )8．What is the main idea of the text
A．Rainforest disappeared gradually from Antarctica.
B．Antarctica had a different history of climate.
C．Researchers studied a piece of the earth sediment of Antarctica.
D．Antarctica had an extreme environment containing ice and snow.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，南极洲过去曾有雨林。本文还介绍了这项研究发现得出的经过以及这项研究为地球过去经历过的主要气候变化提供了新的证据。
5．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers collected a piece of the earth sediment from under the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica. In the sediment, they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old.”可知，在收集的沉积物中发现了古代森林物质。故选C项。
6．A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers collected a piece of the earth sediment from under the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica. In the sediment, they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old.”以及第三段的内容可知，研究人员是通过分析地球沉淀物得出他们的发现的。故选A项。
7．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知，本段说明了南极洲的自然环境发生了很大的变化。故选C项。
8．B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明南极洲过去曾经有过雨林；本文还介绍了这项研究发现得出的经过以及这项研究为地球过去经历过的主要气候变化提供了新的证据。因此，这篇文章的主旨是南极洲有一个不同的气候历史。故选B项。
