【高考总复习】高考英语A词汇复习板块6

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
A1
1.aback [ b k] adv.
be taken aback by sb
=be shocked by...
=be surprised by ....
She was completely taken
aback by his sudden
anger.
He was taken aback, but he
managed to remain
calm.
2.abacus
/ b. .k s/ n.
an abacus man
The abacus is the ancestor of
modern calculator.
He suggested that an
abacus man had no
heart , no feeling,
no compassion.
abandon/ b n.d n/ v.
abandoned adj.
abandonment
[ b nd nm nt] n.
v. abandon = give up
←→insist on =persist in
marriage--divorce
1)She didn’t abandon her
research , she chose to
insist on .
2)abandon oneself to
( doing )sth
放弃自我---放纵
He abandoned himself to
playing games.
adj. An abandoned child was found in the box on the hospital step.
n. Shelly knew something
about loneliness and
abandonment.
able adj.
unable adj.
ability / b l. .ti/ n.
disable v.
disabled adj.
disability
/ d s. b l. .ti/ n.
enable/ ne .b l/ v.
adj. be able to do sth =
manage to do sth=
succeed in doing sth
=have the ability to do sth
v. enable sb to do sth
The trip will enable us to have a
better understanding about the
people’s lives in the poor areas
of Africa.
v. disable sth
使某物失能：搞坏
disable sb
使某人失能：残疾
He was disabled at the car
accident.
The thief disabled the alarm
and got into the building
and stole the valuables.
n. He has the disability which
prevents him from walking
fast.
All the children are taught in one class, regardless of their ability.
abnormal
/ b n r.m l/ adj.
abnormally adv.
normal / n r.m l/ adj.
normally adv. =usually
adj. A woman over 35, still single ,
would be seemed as abnormal in the past .
It is abnormal to have sports at your age.
adv. It is abnormally hot this
summer.
board /b rd/ n,/ v.
aboard / b rd/ adv. / prep.
abroad
/ br d/ / brɑ d/adv.
n.
blackboard / white board /
chess board / score board/
chopping board /
spring board/
skate board/
diving board
2)boarding school
board and lodging
3)board
=on a boat, train, or aircraft
4)董事会，理事会，委员会
members of the board
The board were unhappy about
the falling sales.
v.
board +交通工具
boarding pass
boarding gate
At London airport she boarded a
plane to Australia.
When you went to school
were you a day student or did you
board
He boards the dog out when he
goes on business trips.
adv. Welcome aboard
They said goodbye to him as
he got aboard the train
at Union Station.
adv.
go abroad
at home and abroad
abolish/ b l. /
/ bɑ .l / v.
abolition
/ b. l . n/ n.
v. abolish death sentence
n. The abolition of all the
nuclear weapons.
The abolition of the
poverty .
The abolition of slavery .
abort/ b rt/ v.
abortion / b r· n/ n.
v.
1)abort pregnancy
abort a child
abort a foetus
2)abort the plan
We have no choice but to abort the whole
plan.
(computing 计)
If the wrong password is given
the program aborts.
n.
9. about prep. / adv.
be about to do sth
when …….
I was about to leave when the
phone rang.
above [ b v]
adv. / prep.短语：
on average
above average
below average
My income's rather variable, but I
earn 175 a day on average.
The quality of candidates was
(well) below/above average.
above board
----under the counter
Don’t worry , the money I am
earning now is above board.
(under the counter
The drug dealers are always
under the counter.
above all
Our children need a lot things , but above all, they need love .
abrupt / br pt/ adj.
(=sudden adj.)
abruptly adv.
(=suddenly adv.)
abruptness
/ br pt.n s/ n.
adj. come to an abrupt end
戛然即止
an abrupt change
There was an abrupt change
in her attitude towards me
when she heard that I was
Alan's girlfriend.
Our conversation came to an
abrupt end when George
burst into the room.
adv.The bus stopped abruptly,
nearly tipping me out
of my seat.
n. There was a certain
abruptness about his
departure.
rupt为词根表示：破坏
rupture / r p.t r/n./v.
abrupt adj.
ab离开+rupt 破裂--
突然破裂--意外的，突然的
bankrupt / b .kr pt/
bank+rupt =银行破了
corrupt/k r pt/
cor加强+rupt =腐败，堕落
disrupt /d s r pt/v.
dis不+rupt破坏
不破坏，但：中断，扰乱
erupt / r pt/v.
e出来+rupt破坏=喷发，爆发
Interrupt / n.t r pt/
Inter两者间+rupt 破坏=
中断，打断（二人关系）
1) This news has ruptured the
delicate peace between the
rival groups.
2)I'll go bankrupt if you kids
keep asking me for money!
3)a corrupt society
4)Heavy snow disrupted travel into the city this morning.
5)the volcano erupted
Since the volcano last erupted, many houses have been built in a dangerous position on its
slopes.
6)I wish you'd stop interrupting.
12.absent/ b·s nt/ adj.
absence / b.s ns/ n.
（表否定：没有）
(AWOL:
absent without leave
leave n.
sick leave /
mother leave /
father leave )
adj.
1)be absent from
Love was totally absent
from his childhood.
absent –minded
脑子没带来
The student got absent -minded
and watching the
outside while the teacher turn back against him.
n.
absence makes the heart grow
fonder
不相见，倍思量
一日不见，如隔三秋
an absence from ....
In the absence of ......
表原因，译为：因缺少。。。。
in one’s absence
在某人不到场的情况下
Can you account for your
absence last Friday
..a bundle of letters which had
arrived for me in my absence..
In the absence of more
suitable candidates, We
decided to offer the job to
Mr Conway.
A2
absolute
/ b.s .lu t/ adj.
absolutely
/ b.s lu t.li/ adv.
relative
/ rel. .t v/ adj. /n.
relatively adv.
relativity
/ rel. t v. .ti/ n.
adj.
absolute poverty
(relative poverty)
absolute truth/beauty
adv. You must be absolutely silent or the birds won't appear.
That meeting achieved
absolutely nothing - it was a
complete waste of time.
n.
n.the theory of relativity
visit relatives
absorb/ b z rb/ v.
absorption
/ b z rp. n/ n.
absorbing adj.
v.
1)absorb=take in
A sponge absorbs the
water.
2)The country has absorbed
millions of immigrants
over the years.
3)it is hard to absorb so
much knowledge in such a
short time.
4)be absorbed in sth
= concentrate on sth
= be lost in sth
The kids were completely
absorbed in the computer games.
n.n.Her absorption in her work
is so great that she thinks
about nothing else.
adj.You will find her last novel
absorbing.
abstract
/ b.str kt/ adj. / n.
abstraction
/ b str k. n/ n.
adj. abstract--concrete
Truth and beauty are abstract
concepts.
This debate is becoming too
abstract - let's have some
hard facts!
n. write an abstract
=write a summary
There is a section at the end of
the magazine that includes
abstracts of recent articles/
books.
n.
1)She is always talking in
abstractions.
她说话总是很抽象，言之无物。
2)mental abstraction
精神恍惚/ 出神发呆
Andrew noticed her abstraction
and asked, 'What's bothering
you
tract词根表示拖，拉，抽，引
1)tractor / tr k.t r/n.
We had to use a tractor to pull the
car out of the mud.
2)traction / tr k. n/n.
After her back operation poor Mira
was in traction for six weeks.
3)attract / tr kt/ v.
ac表强调,tract表拖，拉，引，即一直在拉某物或某人就说明吸引着某物或某人，即：吸引
派生词：
attractive adj. 吸引人的；有魅力的；
引人注目的
attraction n.吸引，吸引力；引力；吸引人的事物
V. Her ideas have attracted a lot of
attention/criticism in the scientific
community.
n. Skiing holds no attraction for me.
Adj.Spending twelve hours on a
plane isn't a very attractive
4)distract /d str kt/
dis表示分开+tract 拖，拉，引，即分开拉，把某人分开往不同的方向拉，就是使某人分心；把某物分开拉就是转移的意思，所以这个单词有转移和分心的意思。
常考词义：vt.转移；分心
distraction n. 注意力分散；消遣；心烦意乱
常考搭配：distract from
使从…分心
v.Don't distract her (from her studies).
n. That dreadful noise is driving me to distraction.
5)contract / k n.tr kt/
n.合同，契约；婚约
con，表示一起、共同，+tract拖，拉，引，即一起拉或者拉在一起的东西，即合同或者契约、婚约；
contractor n. 承包人；立契约者
n. a contract of employment
v.contract /k n tr kt/v.
收缩，缩短；感染；订约
con表示一起，共同 +tract拖，拉，引，拉在一起，即收缩，感染
contraction n.
收缩，紧缩；缩写式；害病
V.As it cooled, the metal contracted.
A recession is a period when the
economy is contracting.
"Won't" is a contraction of "will not".
6)abstract / b.str kt/
abs表示去掉、离去+tract抽、拉的含义，这个单词的字面意思就是抽离，
从文章等中抽离出的东西就是对文章的概括，也叫做摘要，
而这些概括性的东西换个说法就是比较抽象的，
adj. This debate is becoming too
abstract - let's have some hard
facts!
n. There is a section at the end of the magazine that includes abstracts of recent articles/books.
7)extract / k str kt/v.
/ ek.str kt/ n.
ex表示出来+tract拖，拉，引，即引出，拉出，拖出
v.提取；索取，设法得到；选取，摘录；取出，拔出；推断出
n.摘录，引文；榨出物，汁
常考搭配：extract… from …
从…提取，文件的摘录
V.The oil which is extracted from
olives is used for cooking.
After much persuasion they
managed to extract the information
from him.
N.
They published an extract from his autobiography.
The cream contained extracts of/from several plants.
absurd
/ b s d/ adj.
absurdity
/ b s r·d ·t i,/ n.
荒诞星球
adj. Do I look absurd in this hat
n. I found myself increasingly
angry at the absurdity
of the situation.
abundant
/ b n.d nt/ adj.
abundance
/ b n.d ns/ n.
redundant
/r d n.d nt/ adj.
redundancy
/r d n·d n·si/ n.
adj. be abundant in .....
It is a country that is
abundant in natural
resources.
adj. redundant workers
Robots make some
workers redundant.
n. have an abundance of sth ....
in abundance
We seemed to have an
abundance of foods at the
wedding.
Grapes and olives grew in
abundance in the valley.
n. redundancy payment
compulsory redundancy
abuse/ bju z/ v. / n.
(ab: 表否定
normal --abnormal adj.
use --abuse v.
Present --absent adj.
duct --abduct v.
The company director was
abducted from his car by
terrorists.)
v.
abuse one’s power /
abuse alcohol /
abuse drugs /
abuse my trust
abuse sb
滥用他人的身体:虐待
=mistreat sb
Several of the children had
been sexually/physically/
emotionally abused.
abuse sb
滥用某人的嘴：侮辱
=insult sb
The crowd started
abusing him after he
failed to save a goal.
n.Drug and alcohol abuse
child abuse
He had apparently experienced
a lot of verbal abuse from his
co-workers.
academic
/ k. dem. k/ adj./ n.
academy/ k d. .mi/ n.
学：学院的，学术的，学习的
n. a police academy
a military academy
a music academy
academy award
(=Oscar award )
adj. academic year
academic excellence
n.大学教师;学者
speed :
accelerate / k sel. .re t/ v.
acceleration n.
accelerator n.
decelerate
/ di sel. r.e t/ v.
deceleration
/ di .sel. re . n/n.
足球的缓冲训练
v. They use special chemicals to
accelerate the growth of crops.
The car decelerated at the sight of the police car.
n. High winds significantly
hampered the plane's
acceleration.
On the monitor they were seeing
concerning heart rate
decelerations.
accept/ k sept/ v.
←→refuse /r fju z/ v.
acceptance/ k sep.t ns/ n.
acceptable/ k sept. .b l/ adj.
unacceptable adj.
（区分accept / receive :
accept 为内心的接受
receive :为物资的收到)
v. I've just accepted an invitation
to the opening-night party.
I’ve received your letter and the
money , I accept your thanks
letter ,but I can’t accept
the money.
n.Our aim is to provide a place
young problem
people can find acceptance and
understanding.
adj.This kind of attitude is simply
not acceptable.
In those days, it was
unacceptable for men to wear
shirts without ties.
accent / k.s nt/ n.
He speaks with a broad/heavy
/strong/thick Yorkshire accent.
He's got a strong southern
/Boston accent.
access
/ k.ses/ n. / v.
accessible
/ k ses. .b l/ adj.
Inaccessible
/ n. k ses. .b l/ adj.
无障碍居所
n.
an access to …..
(access course :入门课程)
1)The only access to the village
is by boat.
2)(使用或见到的）机会或权利
Easy access leads to consumers’
over consumption.
v. access the internet
Most people use their phones
to access the internet.
Older people may have
difficulty accessingmedical
services.
adj.可进入的
--可接触到的
----可接近的
--可理解的
The desert is accessible only
by helicopter.
The documents are not
accessible to the public.
A lot of contemporary music is
virtually inaccessible .
accident / k.s .d nt/
accidental
/ k.s den.t l/ adj.
accidentally
n.
I was hardly able to move my arm
after the accident.
It was an accident - I didn't mean
to break it, honestly.
短语：
Accidents will happen
（事故发生后说的安慰话）
出事是难免的。
by accident
More by accident than design
由于机缘巧合而非有意安排
I found her letter by accident as I
was looking through my files.
The play was a success more by accident than design.
这部剧的成功与其说是演得好，还不如说是运气好。
adj. accidental death
adv.accidentally on purpose
假装不是故意地
I've never liked these glasses of
Peter's. I might drop them one
day - accidentally on purpose.
我从来就不喜欢彼得的这副眼镜，或许什么时候我会假装无意把它给摔了。
accommodate
/ k m. .de t/ v. accommodation
/ k m. de . n/ n.
acommodations n.
v.
1)accommodate sb with sth
The new dormitory will be able to
accommodate an additional 200
students.
2)accommodate oneself /sth to sth
= adapt oneself to …..
= adjust oneself to (doing) sth
His eyes took a while to
accommodate to the
darkness.
n.
hotel accommodations
on-campus accommodation
The price includes travel and
accommodation but meals are
extra.
We must made some
accommodations for some gifted
students.
2)=adjustment =adaptation
communication accommodation
theory
交流适应理论
3)reach an accommodation
with =
reach an agreement with
accomplish
/ k m.pl / v.
=achieve
accomplishment
/ k m.pl .m nt/ n.
=achievement
v.If we all work harder , i am
pretty sure that we could
accomplish our goal.
n. a feeling of accomplishment
company/ k m.p .ni/ n.
---accompany / k m.p .ni/ v. v.
-- companion /k m p n.j n/n.
n.
1)Old people usually choose the
dogs, cats ,pigs or even hens
as their company in life.
2)No smoking is our company’s
policy.
n. Travelling companion
The dog has been her constant
companion these past ten years.
v.
1) accompany sb
He agreed to accompany us on the trip to Africa.
2) accompany on / at +乐器
He accompanied me on / at the
piano and violin.
accumulate/ kju .mj .le t/ v.
accumulation
/ kju .mj le . n/ n. n.
引申：
cumulative
/ kju .mj .l .t v/adj.
v.accumulate wealth
accumulate information
We've accumulated so
much rubbish over
the years.
n. An accumulation of
experience and knowledge.
adj. cumulative effect
日积月累的影响
Scientific knowledge is
cumulative.
The cumulative effect of using
so many chemicals on the
land could be disastrous.
account/ ka nt n. / v .
accountant / ka n.t nt/ n.
count数数--
account:a +count
一个计数用的工具--，帐目
n.
1)帐目
common account /
commercial account /
receiving account /
paying account
2)帐目就是一个人消费行为的
--解释，说明
Her accounts differed greatly
from the official police version.
v. account sb sth
I account you my best friend,
but you betrayed me.
n.The company recognized Mr Lin's outstanding work by
promoting him to chief
accountant.
*account 短语：
on account of
=because of
He couldn’t come on
account of his illness.
2)on no account(on any
account )
=never
My name must on no account be mentioned to anyone.
★否定词置于句首，句子要用倒装。
On no account must this switch
be touched.
take sth into account
=take sth into consideration
take account of ...
to take one’s age into account
To take one’s job experience into
account
You should take the expenses
into account.
They take no account of their
children.
Does it take account of the cost
v. account for sth
1)= explain sth
How do you account for the
show failure again
2)在数量上）占
Students account for the vast
majority of our customers.
Computers account for 5% of
the country's commercial
electricity consumption.
accurate
/ k.j .r t/ adj.
inaccurate
/ n k.j .r t/ adj.
accurately adv.
accuracy
/ k.j .r .si/ n.
inaccuracy n.
adj. accurate time
accurate calculation
accurate description
accurate spelling
Their estimate of the cost of the
project was wildly
(= extremely) inaccurate.
adv.
The article accurately reflects
public opinions.
n. with accuracy=accurately adv.
Sorry , we can’t guarantee
the accuracy of the figures
for the time being.
Experience is needed to use the
machine with accuracy.
The film is full of historical
inaccuracies.
The inaccuracy of the missiles
greatly diminishes their
effectiveness.
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