专题05 阅读理解（七选五）
主题01 人与社会
Passage 1
（2026·广东大湾区·一模）
A Cleaner-Artist: Working to Live, Creating to Thrive
At 5 am, 59-year-old Wang Liyun has already begun her morning reading. At 6 am, she is at work, cleaning office buildings. ____1____ Within the daily routine of wiping windows and polishing stairs, she has created works such as “Broom and Starry Sky” and written poems like “The Weight of Dust.”
____2____ Even as she bends low to sweep away dust, she tries to show-through her words and paintings-what it means to live with courage, optimism, and burning passion. “Every corner I clean holds my dignity,” she said, “while creating brings me great joy.”
Born into a Hunan farming family, Wang left high school early and hold various jobs. In 2017, after her daughter graduated, Wang followed her inner calling. ____3____ Then in early 2020, carrying all her savings, she arrived in Beijing and became a cleaner in an office building. She carefully cleaned her assigned areas on weekdays, and then withdrew to a tiny tool room during breaks to read and paint. “Reading makes me energetic,” she noted.
Two years later, a video of her painting in that tool room went viral, bringing her into the public eye. ____4____ Despite the attention, Wang still remains calm and clear-headed, committing herself to a simple life and continuing her creation. Since 2023, Wang has published three nonfiction collections and her first full-length novel.
“I never separate dreams from day or night. I walk and dream, head held high. Painting to me is colored poetry; writing is even freer, full of imagination,” Wang shared. ____5____ Apart from her essential cleaning work, reading, writing and painting are the focal points of her schedule. For her, cleaning sustains her body but art lifts her soul.
A. She traveled to Fujian alone to learn painting.
B. This philosophy is reflected in her daily routine.
C. However, her true passion always lay in creative expression.
D. As a result, she became known online as the"cleaner-artist".
E. She believes that hard work is the key to achieving one’s goals.
F. During her lunch break, she uses every spare moment to draw or write.
G. Wang proves how one can live a fulfilling life within an ordinary routine.
Passage 2
（2026·广东汕尾·一模）
Recently, Lavonne Schaafsma spent a few hours in Millennium Park, people watching. On the way back to her car, as she reached for her keys, she realized her purse was missing. ____1____. Her purse held her ID, credit cards and hundreds of dollars in cash. Lavonne returned to the park and looked around for 20 minutes, without any luck. ____2____. She didn’t know why, but she decided to walk in and just see if someone had turned in her purse.
“I went up to the shopping assistant and asked if anyone had brought in a black purse. The woman’s eyes widened and she said someone had,” Lavonne recalled.
The shopping assistant said that a few minutes ago, two women came into the gift shop with a black purse. ____3____. They waited for a few minutes there to see if the owner would return. But no one appeared, so they left the purse with a security guard at the door of the shop.
“____4____,” Schaafsm a said gratefully. “You know, it takes weeks to cancel and apply for the ID and credit cards.”
Holding the purse in hand, Schaafsma asked herself how she would have acted in that situation. “____5____ ” she wondered. “Before this accident, I didn’t know the answer. But now, I am sure what I will do!”
A. She started to panic
B. They said they had spotted it on a chair in the park
C. The women hurried to the gift shop and went inside
D. Then she stopped in front of a gift shop close to the park
E. If she noticed something that wasn’t right, would she try to help
F. These women who I don’t know rescued me from massive anxiety
G. What act of kindness am I willing to do on behalf of someone I don’t know
Passage 3
（2026·福建泉州·一模）
Whether you visit regularly or you’re new to using libraries, you might be surprised to learn how much they can do for you — beyond letting you borrow amazing books for free. ____1____ Here are some of the many things the library has to offer.
Research and recommendations.
Librarians can help you research a school project or paper, show you how to do an Internet search, and guide you to reliable sources of correct information. They can also help you find a book you’re looking for, even if you can’t remember the exact title. ____2___ Tell them what books you have enjoyed, as well as subjects that interest and inspire you. They can recommend your next read.
____3____
Besides books, you or an adult in your family can also borrow and stream movies, music, and TV shows with the help of library apps like Hoopla and Kanopy — find out which app your library uses. There are also computers to use for free and quiet zones where you can do homework without distractions (分心的事). You may also find free or discounted printing and photocopying.
Fun clubs and classes.
Many libraries host free events for young people. You can ask a librarian or check the library’s website for a schedule of upcoming activities and sign up with your card. These can include teen book clubs, gaming clubs, art workshops, makerspaces, and classes like chess and crafting (手工). ____4____
Volunteer opportunities.
Many libraries welcome volunteer help from kids. You can learn valuable skills, such as managing responsibility and communicating with others. ____5____ Others need kids to volunteer to read advance reader copies of books.
A. A multimedia center.
B. An essential library card.
C. Library is more than a collection of books.
D. Besides, librarians can make great book suggestions.
E. Librarians also help people with online benefits applications.
F. These activities provide entertainment and offer opportunities for socializing.
G. Some libraries ask kids to write book reviews to help other kids decide what to read.
Passage 4
（2026·河北沧州·一模）
Travel journals have long been treasured by adventurers, from the detailed logs of ancient explorers navigating uncharted lands to the digital notes of modern travelers documenting global journeys. ___1___ However, they are precious accounts that capture the essence of your journey — places explored, people encountered, and moments lived.
Keeping a travel journal offers a wealth of benefits. It preserves fleeting intangible details, like the fresh smells on a Parisian street corner or the rhythmic crash of waves breaking on a distant shore. ___2___ By reflecting on your experiences in writing, you’re strengthening those memories and making them easier to recall later. More than that, journaling becomes a path to self-discovery, as the reflection allows them to process emotions stirred by new horizons. In addition, it serves as a creative outlet, a canvas for creativity, where stories, drawings, and dreams are woven together.
Technology has recently transformed this age-old practice into something more dynamic and accessible. ___3___ Apps like the Penzu empower travelers to document their adventures instantly, with features like photo uploads, text entries and voice recordings, all available from a smartphone. These digital platforms often work without internet, perfect for remote adventures like wilderness hikes. Some even offer guided cues to spark inspiration, easing the challenge of starting anew each day. ___4___
Digital journals shine as roadmaps for future adventures and bridges to others. They enable travelers to save itineraries, tips, and recommendations, simplifying next trip planning. ___5___ By connecting users online, journals build global networks of shared experiences. So, whether you’re hiking through mountains or strolling city streets, a travel journal, especially a digital one is a companion worth bringing along.
A. Digital apps simplify capturing moments on the go.
B. Sharing your travel tales also tends to ignite wanderlust in others.
C. It’s true that keeping track of what you do when you travel is hard.
D. Journals help professional photographers plan their next big shoot.
E. Writing things down helps encode them in your long-term memory.
F. Combine pictures with your first-hand accounts of what they represent.
G. For instance, questions like “What’s your favourite local dish ” encourage users to reflect and write.
Passage 5
（2026·重庆巴蜀中学·一模）
Move House Without the Waste
If you’ve got a house move coming up, then you’ll know that it can be a stressful experience. With everything going on, reducing the environmental impact of moving may not be high on your list of priorities. ____1____. Thankfully, there are a few clever ways to green your move and save some money.
Firstly, it’s always best to declutter (清理) before you even start thinking about packing. Getting rid of stuff you don’t need means you need fewer boxes and fewer packaging materials. ____2____, saving money and reducing pollution.
Once you’ve decluttered, you can move on to the packing stage. Many removal companies supply their own brand-new boxes at an additional cost. To save resources (and a bit of cash), it’s best to foster (培养) a good relationship with local shops. ____3____. However, you can ask the staff when the delivery day is and then pop in that day to collect some cardboard boxes before they are sent to recycling.
____4____ — using suitcases instead of boxes. Ask your friends and family if you can borrow some. Laundry bags are also an excellent option. You can generally fit a lot in them and they are much easier to carry than boxes.
And finally, you can’t move your goods with cardboard boxes alone. Delicate items need some form of protection during the move. ____5____. If you find yourself short on recycled materials, you can also use clean towels and clothes to wrap breakables in. This is also a clever space-saving technique！
A. They have a good supply of boxes
B. Yet moving can be quite a wasteful process
C. It may also mean you need a smaller removal truck
D. Moreover, get creative with items you are clearing out
E. Most of them won’t store cardboard boxes as it’s a fire risk
F. You can keep old newspapers or air-filled packaging beforehand
G. Alternatively, you can get crafty with the items you have around you
主题02 人与自我
Passage 1
（2026·广东佛山·一模）
For days, Lauren’s daughter would burst into tears before school, pressing her face against her mom’s leg and begging not to go — an all-too-familiar scene for parents of young students. But one morning, Lauren decided to rewrite the story. In a moment of exhausted inspiration, she told her girl a little white lie, "Your teacher texted me, and you’re the new gate leader." _____1_____ The video Lauren shared to TikTok that day shows the little girl proudly waving classmates through the school gate, smiling beside her teacher. It quickly became a viral hit.
Lauren says the idea came from pure desperation. _____2_____ But after Lauren told her daughter about this new role, she just stopped crying. “We went to school early,” Lauren recalls. “She stood there with her teacher, and they just let her join in.” Once the teacher learned about the idea, he was fully supportive. He said. Whatever helps her come to school.
Since that morning, her daughter hasn’t looked back. She takes her gate duties seriously. Now she’s the one rushing her mom out the door each day. _____3_____ She tells them their parents are coming back and that it’s okay.
The change didn’t just ease her daughter’s anxiety. _____4_____ Now she began to see school not as something to fear, but as a place where she belonged.
What made the story attractive isn’t just the viral moment — it’s the quiet beauty of a mother recognizing exactly what her child needed: a sense of purpose and pride. “She really believes she’s helping those kids who are sad,” Lauren says. And honestly, she is.
_____5_____ “Every day she’s at that gate, waiting, ready to help,” Lauren says. “And every morning she’s the one telling me, ‘Come on, Mommy, we can’t be late — I have to be there for the other kids.’”
A. She wants to feel appreciated.
B. She even helps other kids who cry.
C. It also opened up something new inside her.
D. Her daughter’s mood changed almost instantly.
E. She was stressing out and didn’t know what to do.
F. Now, mornings that once began in tears end in joy.
G. The experience offers a deep insight into childhood.
Passage 2
（2026·安徽淮北·一模）
Many teens have chatted with AI chatbots, which can be helpful. However, this technology isn’t designed for youngsters, and problems can arise if no proper guidance is provided. ____1____
Value your own voice. ____2____ You should feel proud to make your unique voice heard. A chatbot may act like a person but it doesn’t have feelings or lived experience. Yet those are important things that make us human. You should ask yourself whether you really want help from something that can’t actually know your feelings.
____3____ Robots can’t understand you and your problems the way a real friend or doctor can. When you need help, feel confident to seek out real people. “You should get real answers from people that actually know you,” says Linda Charmaraman, who directs the Youth, Media & Wellbeing research lab at Wellesley College.
Avoid empty praise. A true friend will call you out when you do something wrong, which helps you learn and grow. But chatbots love to shower praise. They’ll agree with almost anything you say. ____4____ However, if you rely on chatbots for help in social situations, you may fail to learn it when you’ve made a mistake.
Beware of made-up facts. Honest people say “I don’t know” when they are unsure, but AI rarely does so. ____5____ These false responses can cause trouble. Remember: something sounding smart doesn’t mean it’s true. If you use bot-generated content, you’re responsible for it.
A. Consult real people for tips.
B. Assess solutions from chatbots.
C. Here are key tips for talking to AI chatbots.
D. Bots tend to confidently answer every question.
E. But it is necessary to learn how to use AI chatbots.
F. You have experiences, ideas and feelings that matter.
G. This tendency is helpful if you need a confidence boost.
Passage 3
（2026·安徽芜湖·一模）
We get frustrated all the time. The line won’t move. The WiFi won’t work. From life’s biggest goals to its tiniest annoyances, frustration is in our daily life.
____1____ Unlike anger, which often targets an external cause, or stress which can arise from too many demands, frustration happens when things are not progressing in the way you anticipate. Now scientists are uncovering its surprising upside. Frustration can be transformed into motivation, pushing people to optimize solutions to overcome difficulties. So how can we employ the unexpected upsides of feeling frustrated
·____2____
Instead of seeing frustration as failure, view it as evidence that you’re being challenged at the right level. For example, academic tests will grow more difficult as you perform better — that’s because you are good enough. ____3___
·Acknowledge obstacles to be functional.
The first step is being aware that everything has roadblocks — work, learning a new hobby, or even re-learning the skill you once mastered. Frustration is an input to (not a side effect of) our pursuits. ____4___ If you know this in advance, you will anticipate obstacles, which can motivate self-growth, especially when you are told they are necessary parts of progress.
·Analyze the signal from the situation.
When faced with frustration, try to analyze the signal conveyed by the situation. This initial analysis helps you avoid being overwhelmed by negative emotions. ____5____ In this way, frustration is no longer a roadblock but a stepping stone toward personal growth.
Keep in mind that by reflecting on the obstacles, learning from the experience and applying the gained knowledge to subsequent challenges, you can truly benefit from frustration.
A. Look on frustration from a different angle.
B. Regard frustration as an academic challenge.
C. There is a reason for the existence of frustration.
D. Furthermore, you will center on practical solutions.
E. On a regular basis, it’s not going to get you to feel right at first.
F. Therefore, such a struggle isn’t a setback but proof of personal growth.
G. In short, frustration is of vital significance in developing our hands-on ability.
Passage 4
（2026·河北唐县·一模）
The idea that night owls (夜猫子) who don’t go to bed until the early hours struggle to get anything done during the day may have to be changed. ____1____ Research suggests that people who are identified as night owls could be sharper than those who go to bed early.
Researchers at Imperial College London studied data from the UK Biobank. More than 26,000 people completed intelligence, reasoning, reaction time and memory tests. They then examined how participants’ sleep duration, quality, and chronotype (which determines what time of day we feel most alert and productive) affected brain performance. They found that those who stay up late and those classed as “intermediate” had “superior cognitive function”. ____2____
Going to bed late is strongly associated with creative types. ____3____ Those people include Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, James Joyce and Kanye West. While politicians such as Margaret Thatcher and Winston Churchill seemed to have little sleep, the study found that sleep duration is important for brain function, with those getting between seven and nine hours of shut-eye each night performing best in cognitive tests.
____4____ Dr Raha West, lead author and clinical research fellow at the department of surgery and cancer at Imperial College London, said, “While understanding and working with your natural sleep tendencies is essential, it’s equally important to remember to get just enough sleep.”
The research indeed offers some comfort to those who stay up late. But it’s not all about being a night owl or early bird. ____5____ Whether you’re most productive under the moon or the sun, ensuring enough and quality sleep matters. So, embrace your natural sleep pattern, but don’t forget the importance of a good night’s sleep for a sharp mind.
A. Poor sleep increases stress levels.
B. Staying up late could hurt brain power.
C. It’s about identifying your personal sleep pattern.
D. However, early birds had the lowest scores.
E. Staying up late could be good for our brain power.
F. There are artists, authors and musicians known to be night owls.
G. Sleep duration is crucial for keeping your brain functioning at its best.
Passage 5
（2026·湖北八校·一模）
To figure out how to choose a career, start by taking a good look at yourself. Your talents, your passions and your mission are like the small wires. ____1____ From there, you’ll narrow the field further by looking at the specifics of different career options you’re most suited for.
List your skills and talents. No matter who you are, there are plenty of things you’re good at. You might know what those talents are already, but go ahead and make a list of every one that comes to mind. ____2____ Don’t leave out any of them, even if you don’t think it qualifies as a career skill.
Identify your passions and mission. If you’re going to find a meaningful career, passion isn’t just a pipe dream but a must. It means the work will fulfill you. ____3____ To sustain commitment over the long stretch, you also need a deeper purpose. This purpose defines your mission: the contribution you want to make and the results you try to see.
____4____ Matters like how much money you want to make and where you want to live are important too. Think about these questions to narrow down your options: How much money do you need to make Do you want flexibility in your job What kind of benefits are important to you What kind of environment do you excel in
If you’ve managed to get through everything above and have a clear answer for what you’re wired to do, congratulations! If you’re still unsure, that’s okay. ____5____ There’s only so much career shopping you can do before you have to just go for it.
A. Consider your financial goals first.
B. Think about practical parts of a job.
C. However, passion alone isn’t enough.
D. You don’t have to have this figured out by dinnertime.
E. These are all clues that tell you what your strengths are.
F. They combine to form a picture of what you’re wired to do.
G. Your mission will follow if you’re passionate about your work.
主题03 人与自然
Passage 1
（2026·南京二十九中·一模）
Could Viewing Art Be the Next Public Health prescription (处方药)
In an era characterized by burnout and scrolling, a therapeutic (疗愈性的) alternative is hanging on a gallery wall. When volunteers at London’s Courtauld Gallery stood before masterpieces, their stress and inflammation (炎症) levels dropped compared with those of volunteers viewing reproductions. ____1____
That art can lift spirits is well known. ____2____ A study by King’s College London asked participants to look at masterworks by 19th-century post-impressionists while wearing sensors. Half the group saw the originals in the gallery, half viewed copies in a lab. The results were clear: going to art galleries is good for your physical health — relieving stress and cutting heart disease risk, as well as boosting the immune system.
____3____ Earlier this summer, a team of Cambridge psychologists conducted a similar project to show how appreciating artistic beauty helps escape the “mental trappings of daily life.” Besides, a Nature Magazine’s review suggests that art can play a role in public health. And for the first time in its long history, The Lancet recently ran a photo essay showcasing how art can enhance lives.
“When you experience an artwork, you don’t just see it, but you feel it,” the art historian Katy Hessel writes. “The best thing we can do is take time with it.” Time, of course, is what we are lacking in today’s fast-paced world. ____4____ Galleries are quiet, thoughtful places. We stop scrolling and start really looking. Deeply engaging with a work of art creates “psychological distancing” and enables us to see and take pleasure what is not ourselves.
Today we are advised to exercise and eat healthily. ____5____ After all, science has spoken for this.
A. But that it calms the body is novel.
B. So we should make art more accessible to all.
C. There’s growing evidence to support that opinion.
D. Galleries bring us face to face with human genius.
E. But this seems to be key to art’s therapeutic powers.
F. Will doctors soon be prescribing a visit to a local gallery
G. Science suggests that original art is a medicine that one can view rather than swallow.
Passage 2
（2026·广东高州·一模）
At its most basic level, laughter affects our physical body. It enables us to take in more oxygenated air and stimulate our lungs. ____1____ This leads to several benefits.
Increases Heart Health
As we laugh at funny events, our cardiac (心脏的) health improves. Laughter provides this benefit by increasing our heart rate and lowering our blood pressure. ____2____ One study found that people who rarely or never laughed were 1.21 times more likely to have heart disease than those who laughed daily. This helps reinforce (加强) the benefits of humour on heart health.
Reduces Physical Pain
Let’s say we have a severe headache but are watching an extremely funny show. As we watch and laugh, we may become at least somewhat distracted (使分心) from the headache and discomfort. ____3____
Established mechanisms are operating internally to enhance our ability to resist pain. Naturally occurring hormones called endorphins, for example, get to work. Because we’re laughing up a storm, our body produces these natural painkillers.
____4____
Laughing offers another physical benefit: it can help us sleep better. In one small-scale study, residents at a long-term care hospital engaged in 40-minute laughter therapy sessions twice a week for four weeks. Their sleep quality improved during this time, as did their feelings of depression.
Combining laughter with yoga, called laughing yoga, has also been found to improve sleep quality and help us fall asleep faster. This form of yoga involves movements that make us want to laugh.
Boosts Immunity (免疫力)
Overall, extensive laughter supports the immune system, which makes us more resistant to disease. By laughing, we increase antibody-producing cells and enhance the effectiveness of T cells in our body. ____5____ Physicians and mental health professionals can use laughter to help patients achieve positive health outcomes.
A. Improves sleep.
B. Gets good relationships.
C. You may find it hard to stay humorous.
D. This is much like how our body responds to exercise.
E. These tiny things act like a defense army to fight illness
F. But the distraction alone isn’t what reduces our pain perception.
G. Moments of loud laughter also relieve tension in our muscles.
主题01 人与社会
Passage 1
（2026·湖南株洲·一模）
The first writing was invented in Babylon more than 5,000 years ago. ___1___ Soon after, people cut reeds (芦苇) to make dip-pens to use with ink.
Around 2,500 years ago, people started using the feather for writing. No one knows exactly who first had the idea. ___2___ They were the main writing tool until metal pens appeared.
In fact, the word “pen” comes from the Latin penna, meaning “feather”. ___3___ A writing feather has to be specially prepared. So how do feathers become pens
The first step is to collect a hard feather. Then take a sharp knife and cut the feathery part off, leaving just a bare tube. Slice the end off at an angle. At the same time, use a wire or long needle to clear the stuff inside the stick of the feather. ___4___ You still need to cut a small flat end across the pointed tip and cut a short slit (狭缝) in the end. As you press the pointed tip down on the paper, the slit opens slightly to let ink run down. Finally, curve the sides of the cut end and cut the end to a sharp point. A fresh feather pen is, therefore, ready for words. But users have to cut the pen many times a day, as the tip wears down during writing.
___5___ They don’t mind — they naturally drop their feathers, and grow new ones if any are pulled out to make pens.
A. You can’t just take a feather and dip it in ink.
B. It takes many years to develop a feather into a pen.
C. The feather is naturally empty inside for holding ink.
D. But feather pens became especially popular in Europe.
E. The last step is to decide where you collect the feathers.
F. People there used a little stick to press shapes into soft clay.
G. Most feather pens are made from the large flight feathers of birds.
Passage 2
（2026·河南开封·一模）
Could Viewing Art Be the Next Public Health prescription (处方药)
In an era characterized by burnout and scrolling, a therapeutic (疗愈性的) alternative is hanging on a gallery wall. When volunteers at London’s Courtauld Gallery stood before masterpieces, their stress and inflammation (炎症) levels dropped compared with those of volunteers viewing reproductions. ____1____
That art can lift spirits is well known. ____2____ A study by King’s College London asked participants to look at masterworks by 19th-century post-impressionists while wearing sensors. Half the group saw the originals in the gallery, half viewed copies in a lab. The results were clear: going to art galleries is good for your physical health — relieving stress and cutting heart disease risk, as well as boosting the immune system.
____3____ Earlier this summer, a team of Cambridge psychologists conducted a similar project to show how appreciating artistic beauty helps escape the “mental trappings of daily life.” Besides, a Nature Magazine’s review suggests that art can play a role in public health. And for the first time in its long history, The Lancet recently ran a photo essay showcasing how art can enhance lives.
“When you experience an artwork, you don’t just see it, but you feel it,” the art historian Katy Hessel writes. “The best thing we can do is take time with it.” Time, of course, is what we are lacking in today’s fast-paced world. ____4____ Galleries are quiet, thoughtful places. We stop scrolling and start really looking. Deeply engaging with a work of art creates “psychological distancing” and enables us to see and take pleasure what is not ourselves.
Today we are advised to exercise and eat healthily. ____5____ After all, science has spoken for this.
A. But that it calms the body is novel.
B. So we should make art more accessible to all.
C. There’s growing evidence to support that opinion.
D. Galleries bring us face to face with human genius.
E. But this seems to be key to art’s therapeutic powers.
F. Will doctors soon be prescribing a visit to a local gallery
G. Science suggests that original art is a medicine that one can view rather than swallow.
Passage 3
（2026·广东顺德区·一模）
As a well-known weather presenter, there are times when I’m walking around a supermarket, and a shopper will approach me with a complaint: “I hosted my son’s wedding on Saturday, and you told me it was going to rain, but it didn’t. Why did you get it wrong ”
Over my career, forecasting has improved almost beyond recognition. Liz Bentley, a professor of meteorology at Reading University, notes that a one-day forecast is now correct more than 90% of the time. ___1___ A YouGov survey last summer found that 37% of British adults didn’t trust the weather forecast “very much” or “at all”.
So why, with all our wealth of knowledge and powerful forecasting technology, do some people still perceive the weather forecasts as incorrect ___2___ In today’s world, we have access to instant information. We can adjust the temperature of our fridges or diagnose problems with our cars using our smartphones in seconds. So why can’t we find out whether it’s going to rain on our street at 2 pm on Sunday with 100% accuracy
___3___ Meteorology (气象学) produces an overwhelming amount of data; it’s difficult to turn it into a brief, attention-grabbing prediction for TV or digital app. It means that even when we are technically correct, some viewers might still be confused.
The real challenge lies in the tricky nature of meteorology. ___4___ A slight error — even as small as 0.01°C — in the initial data can produce a drastically different result. It’s important to remember that forecasting is about predicting.
The future of weather forecasting may soon be transformed by Artificial Intelligence (AI). As AI is more flexible, users will soon have access to frequently-changing forecasts. But there are upsides too. The advances in AI and forecasting offer exciting possibilities, including the prospect of much longer-term, more accurate forecasts. Perhaps one day, I’ll meet a mother who asks me to predict weather at her son’s wedding six months from now. ___5___
A. It’s a delicate science.
B. Viewers are no longer interested.
C. However, there are still gaps in public trust.
D. Part of the answer is in our rising expectations.
E. And then I might be able to give a better answer.
F. We will make sure technology bugs never happen.
G. Another reason is how the information is communicated.
主题02 人与自我
Passage 1
（2026·山东济南·一模）
Time management is often described as the way you use time to get more done and achieve desired results. ____1____ It is impossible to manage time. Each day offers everyone the same 24 hours, so what you can truly manage is yourself.
____2____ By developing productive habits, you automatically direct your focus toward high-impact tasks, ensuring that efforts are not merely spent on doing more, but on doing the right things well. Therefore, shifting from being merely busy to being genuinely productive requires forming a set of essential habits.
You may begin by tracking your time for a week to gain an honest, data-driven picture of your current habits. ____3____ It helps force you to clarify priorities and allocate (分配) specific blocks of time for focused work. Equally critical is protecting your focus. Schedule demanding tasks for your peak productivity hours and defend these blocks using visual signals(e.g. “Do not disturb” signs). to minimize interruptions.
However, a common misconception is that multitasking enhances productivity. In reality, what we call multitasking is often rapid task-switching, which divides attention, reduces focus, and ultimately leads to lower-quality results. ____4____ It’s important to recognize that the primary barriers to effective self-management are rarely a lack of time: Rather, they typically arise from a lack of clear priorities or unexamined habits.
Time, much like money, is a valuable and limited resource. It demands wise allocation and investment in what truly matters. Mastering self-management is key to unlocking enhanced productivity and achieving goals. ____5____
A. However, the phrase is misleading.
B. Achieving your goals is never that easy.
C. Anyway, good habits are usually formed by force.
D. With this insight structure your day by creating a schedule.
E. Instead, concentrated effort on one task produces far superior outcomes.
F. A huge part of our day, from morning routine to work processes, runs on habits.
G. By managing yourself effectively, you ensure your time is invested, not just spent.
Passage 2
（2026·湖北襄阳·一模）
Gratitude is a positive emotion that recognizes the good that others have brought to our lives, and is important both for our interpersonal relationships and physical well-being. ____1____. A pioneering meta-analysis spanning 15 countries confirmed a significant inverse correlation-higher gratitude correlates with lower loneliness-highlighting gratitude’s potential to ease the global loneliness epidemic.
Psychologist James Hittner notes loneliness results from unmet social relationship expectations, a psychological gap that often leads to emotional isolation and depression if left unaddressed. Hittner and Calvin Widholm analyzed 26 studies involving over 10,000 participants across diverse age groups and cultural backgrounds, finding a moderate inverse relationship between gratitude and loneliness. Those scoring above average in gratitude had a 62.4% chance of below-average loneliness, a statistic that held consistent even after controlling for factors like socioeconomic status. Neuroscientist Glenn Fox, who published the first direct study of gratitude in the brain in 2015, was not shocked by the result. ____2____. The research found gratitude boosts medial prefrontal cortex activity, a region tied to social bonding and the experience of joy, which further explains the emotional and neurological link between gratitude and reduced social disconnection.
Bartlett, a professor at Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington, studies how our emotions have evolved to serve an adaptive social purposes____3____. Bartlett and her colleagues evaluated the long-term effect of gratitude on loneliness and health in older adults in a 2019 study. Over the course of 20 days, participants were asked to write down their daily grateful moments, specifying not just what they were thankful for but also why the experience mattered to them. This simple practice was reported to contribute to a sustained decrease in loneliness and a marked increase in physical and mental well-being in the participants.
Some research has even shown the positive impact of gratitude-letter writing, which takes the reflective practice a step further with tangible expression. Bartlett often suggests gratitude-letter writing to her students as an exercise in emotional awareness. She asked her students to write to a person who they have never thanked, or someone have not expressed gratitude to for a long time. ____4____.
To build a sustainable gratitude practice against chronic loneliness, Bartlett offers actionable, science-backed tips that go beyond basic daily reflection. First, record three good things and their specific contributors every day, rather than vague positive events. Second, write a physical gratitude letter to someone underappreciated and deliver it in person if possible, a gesture that requires vulnerability but often leads to deeply moving conversations. ____5____. Unlike texts or digital messages, hand-delivered letters foster authentic, deep interpersonal connection, directly easing loneliness.
A. She focused on older adults in research
B. Such practice strengthens interpersonal connections
C. His brain study backed the finding
D. Gradually, this cultivates a consistent gratitude routine
E. It has also been linked to decreased loneliness.
F. Gratitude lights the “social bonding” circuit
G. She questions whether gratitude works in long-term studies
Passage 3
（2026·湖北荆州·一模）
Social anxiety is more than just occasional shyness — it is a persistent and intense fear of being judged or criticized in social situations. ___1___ While it is normal to feel nervous before a speech, social anxiety can make daily activities — such as speaking in class, or attending gatherings — extremely upsetting.
Researchers are learning that anxiety disorders run in families, and that they have a biological basis. Anxiety disorders typically develop from a complex set of risk factors, including genetics, brain chemistry, personality, and life experiences. Although social anxiety is highly treatable, only about one-third of those affected seek help. ___2___
There are practical ways to cope with social anxiety. One effective approach is to face fears gradually. Start with less challenging social tasks — such as greeting a classmate — and slowly progress to more difficult ones, like giving a short presentation. ___3___ They can shift attention away from yourself and keep the conversation flowing smoothly.
___4___ But the truth is that those opinions of others have no reflection on your worth or talents. Social anxiety treatment includes learning to be flawed (有缺陷的), while at the same time rejecting the need for approval from external sources. Consistently overestimating how much and how badly others think of you only causes you to be more depressed.
Rather than criticizing yourself after each social interaction, reward yourself instead. ___5___ You deserve the praise, and you will be more motivated to do it again if there are some self-high-fives or frozen yogurts on the back end.
A. Positive self-talk is another helpful tool.
B. Social anxiety is tied to feelings of being judged.
C. Left unaddressed, it may lead to loneliness or depression.
D. To prepare some open-ended questions also makes sense.
E. Being a perfectionist is fine in rocket science, but not in real life.
F. Individuals with this condition often imagine things going wrong in interactions.
G. Whether you attended a party or started a conversation, acknowledge your effort.
Passage 4
（2026·河南郑州·一模）
Rejection creates an emotional roller coaster (过山车). We feel the sadness, anger, and loss of the person who rejects us. ___1___ This is why getting over a rejection is challenging. While there is no quick fix, the following suggestions can help us overcome the confusion and ease the pain of rejection.
Use the power of breath. ___2___ And each one affects the others. Deep breaths help us absorb the feelings and restore a sense of calm. Mindful breathing is one of the most powerful and accessible resources for self-regulation, relaxation, and overall well-being. We can also use breath to move our attention from disturbing thoughts back to ourselves.
Note it down in a journal. Journaling provides a safe place without fear of misunderstanding. In moments of sadness and loss, the weight of emotions can be very great. ___3___ It allows us to explore our thoughts, feelings, and memories, process our experiences and find relief in pain.
Learn to give to others. The acts of serving and giving to others are powerful and helpful. When we support others, especially during difficult times, something within also starts to heal (愈合) and grow. ___4___ When we connect with people who are less fortunate, we start to realize that our pain is less significant. Giving to others also empowers us. It gives us a sense of self-worth and moves us away from the hurt.
Getting over a rejection is hard. However, your pain won’t last forever. It is there to make you grow. Everyone heals from rejection at their own pace in their own way. We are all suffering in one way or another at one time or another. We must have pity for ourselves and accept that reality. It’s important to take your time to deal with rejection and to use the practices suggested to heal and move on to the new opportunities life presents us. ___5___
A. Our self-respect is hurt as well.
B. It is necessary to offer and accept.
C. It won’t be easy, but it will be worth it.
D. Accepting others’ offer makes us feel hopeful.
E. It is connected to the body, emotions and thoughts.
F. Writing serves as a powerful tool to unburden our inner selves.
G. Helping others provides us with a sense of purpose and deep satisfaction.
主题03 人与自然
Passage 1
（2026·湖南湘潭一中·一模）
The Last Living Monet
Every winter, the head gardener at Claude Monet’s garden in the tiny French village of Giverny sits down to a pile of seed lists’ for disappointment. Avisard knows he must grow at least 520,000 plants to recreate these historic grounds. But each year at least 10 seed varieties he selected the previous season will disappear.____1____ When Monet moved to Giverny in 1883, nurseries (苗圃) were covered with Victorian flowers. Many of his favored varieties have since gone extinct or been completely changed as people prefer both harder (耐寒的) plants and flowers with ever-increasing blooms.
This season, Avisard is crazy about growing a taller pelargonium (天竺葵), a clumped-flower (簇状花) cousin to the geranium (老鹳草) that Monet famously planted in several red and pink beds in front of his pink house. “____2____” Avisard says. “To bring them back would be a resurrection (起死回生).”
Head gardener since 2016, Avisard now leads a dozen gardeners, twice as many as Monet enlisted. ____3____ Wetter winters followed by hot, dry summers lead to earlier crowds of pests. In addition, the management of tourists poses a significant challenge. ____4___
“It’s complicated.” says Avisard, “____5____” He and Giverny’s gardeners seek to please a man they’ve never met by creating a space so identifiable that it reminds strangers of paintings they see hanging in museums the world over.
As seeds disappear, the task only gets harder. “We want people to look out like Monet and see what he saw.”
A. You can’t buy them anywhere.
B. As with fashion, people’s tastes in flowers change.
C. The tourists have to feel like they are in Monet’s paintings.
D. These gardeners struggle with a wildly changing ecosystem.
E. Monet’s garden symbolizes impressionist art and natural beauty.
F. His work includes planting, researching and sourcing rare seeds.
G. Nearly 800,000 visitors flock to the area every year between April and October.
Passage 2
（2026·湖北十堰·一模）
Though positivity isn’t what everyone is born with, we can grow more positive with practice. Here are practical ways to help you do so.
Learn to reframe negative experiences. One of the mistakes people make is trying to avoid or ignore negative experiences. ____1____. However, trying to avoid or ignore these experiences actually damages your ability to deal with them. Instead, consider how you can reframe these experiences. Try to learn from them or view them differently.
____2____. Your body and your mind are connected. If you’re struggling to feel positive, it could be because your body is working against you. Social psychologist Amy Cuddy has shown that your posture can affect the levels of stress hormones in your body. Try standing up straight. Hold your shoulders back and your chest forward. Hold your gaze in front of you. ____3____.
Show compassion to passion is doing something kind for someone else, especially if that person is less fortunate than you are. It can really boost your positivity. ____4____, whether it’s on an individual level or in your community, and practice showing compassion. Not only is it good for others, it’s even good for your health!
See a therapist (治疗师). A common misperception is that people only need to see a therapist when there’s something wrong. ____5____. Similarly, seeing a therapist can also be a helpful preventive technique. And if you want to learn how to think and behave more positively, a therapist can help you identify unhelpful patterns in your thinking and develop new positive strategies.
A. Use your body
B. Do exercise to keep physically fit
C. Learn from positive people around you
D. Think of ways that you can serve others
E. This makes sense, on some level, because they’re painful
F. These “power poses” can help you feel more confident and optimistic
G. Actually, you go to the doctor for annual checkups even if you’re not sick专题05 阅读理解（七选五）
主题01 人与社会
Passage 1
（2026·广东大湾区·一模）
A Cleaner-Artist: Working to Live, Creating to Thrive
At 5 am, 59-year-old Wang Liyun has already begun her morning reading. At 6 am, she is at work, cleaning office buildings. ____1____ Within the daily routine of wiping windows and polishing stairs, she has created works such as “Broom and Starry Sky” and written poems like “The Weight of Dust.”
____2____ Even as she bends low to sweep away dust, she tries to show-through her words and paintings-what it means to live with courage, optimism, and burning passion. “Every corner I clean holds my dignity,” she said, “while creating brings me great joy.”
Born into a Hunan farming family, Wang left high school early and hold various jobs. In 2017, after her daughter graduated, Wang followed her inner calling. ____3____ Then in early 2020, carrying all her savings, she arrived in Beijing and became a cleaner in an office building. She carefully cleaned her assigned areas on weekdays, and then withdrew to a tiny tool room during breaks to read and paint. “Reading makes me energetic,” she noted.
Two years later, a video of her painting in that tool room went viral, bringing her into the public eye. ____4____ Despite the attention, Wang still remains calm and clear-headed, committing herself to a simple life and continuing her creation. Since 2023, Wang has published three nonfiction collections and her first full-length novel.
“I never separate dreams from day or night. I walk and dream, head held high. Painting to me is colored poetry; writing is even freer, full of imagination,” Wang shared. ____5____ Apart from her essential cleaning work, reading, writing and painting are the focal points of her schedule. For her, cleaning sustains her body but art lifts her soul.
A. She traveled to Fujian alone to learn painting.
B. This philosophy is reflected in her daily routine.
C. However, her true passion always lay in creative expression.
D. As a result, she became known online as the"cleaner-artist".
E. She believes that hard work is the key to achieving one’s goals.
F. During her lunch break, she uses every spare moment to draw or write.
G. Wang proves how one can live a fulfilling life within an ordinary routine.
【答案】1. F 2. G 3. A 4. D 5. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了59岁的清洁工王丽云如何在平凡的工作中坚持创作，实现艺术梦想的故事。
【1题详解】
上文“At 5 am, 59-year-old Wang Liyun has already begun her morning reading. At 6 am, she is at work, cleaning office buildings.(凌晨5点，59岁的王丽云已经开始晨读。早上6点，她开始工作，打扫办公楼)”说明王丽云在清晨就开始工作，空处和前文为顺接关系，说明王丽云在工作的间隙还进行创作。所以F项“在午餐休息时间，她利用每一个空闲时间画画或写作”承接前文工作节奏，具体展现她如何在忙碌中坚持创作，逻辑连贯。故选F。
【2题详解】
上文“Within the daily routine of wiping windows and polishing stairs, she has created works such as “Broom and Starry Sky” and written poems like “The Weight of Dust.”(在擦窗户和擦楼梯的日常生活中，她创作了《扫帚与星空》等作品，还写了《尘埃的重量》等诗歌)”说明王丽云在平凡的工作中创造了不平凡的艺术作品，空处和前文为顺接关系，说明王丽云在平凡的生活中实现了自我价值。后文“Even as she bends low to sweep away dust, she tries to show-through her words and paintings-what it means to live with courage, optimism, and burning passion.(即便她弯腰低头清扫灰尘时，她也努力通过自己的言语和画作来传达出勇敢、乐观和炽热激情地生活到底意味着什么)”通过“即使……也……”的句式，将外在的体力劳动与内在的精神表达形成鲜明对比，重点突出了王丽云在平凡工作中坚持艺术创作的精神追求。所以G项“王丽云证明了如何在平凡的日常生活中过上充实的生活”中proves与后文tries to show形成语义呼应；live a fulfilling life则精准概括了后文所述——她在清洁中保持尊严、在创作中获得快乐的人生态度，因而能够统领全段，点明主旨。故选G。
【3题详解】
上文“Born into a Hunan farming family, Wang left high school early and hold various jobs. In 2017, after her daughter graduated, Wang followed her inner calling.(王丽云出生在湖南一个农民家庭，高中辍学后做过各种工作。2017年，女儿毕业后，王丽云听从了内心的召唤)”说明王丽云一直有追求艺术的梦想，空处和前文为顺接关系，说明王丽云去追求自己的梦想了。所以A项“她独自前往福建学习绘画”正是她追寻艺术梦想的具体行动，顺理成章引出后文“carry all her savings”，符合语境。故选A。
【4题详解】
上文“Two years later, a video of her painting in that tool room went viral, bringing her into the public eye.(两年后，一段她在工具房里画画的视频在网上疯传，让她进入了公众的视野)”说明王丽云的视频在网上走红，空处和前文为顺接关系，说明王丽云因此成为了网络名人。所以D项“因此，她在网上被称为“清洁工艺术家””符合语境，As a result清晰地表明了因果关系，并且cleaner-artist的称号与文章标题及核心身份完全呼应，自然引出下文她面对成名后的态度。故选D。
【5题详解】
上文““I never separate dreams from day or night. I walk and dream, head held high. Painting to me is colored poetry; writing is even freer, full of imagination,” Wang shared.(“我从不把梦想与白天和黑夜分开。我边走边做梦，昂首挺胸。绘画对我来说是彩色的诗歌；写作更加自由，充满想象力，”王丽云分享道)”说明王丽云的生活哲学，空处和前文为顺接关系，说明王丽云的生活哲学体现在她的日常生活中。所以B项“这种哲学体现在她的日常生活中”中的This philosophy指代前文她所说的那段话，is reflected in her daily routine则总结并引出后文对她具体作息的描述，使从抽象理念到具体实践的过渡非常流畅自然。故选B。
Passage 2
（2026·广东汕尾·一模）
Recently, Lavonne Schaafsma spent a few hours in Millennium Park, people watching. On the way back to her car, as she reached for her keys, she realized her purse was missing. ____1____. Her purse held her ID, credit cards and hundreds of dollars in cash. Lavonne returned to the park and looked around for 20 minutes, without any luck. ____2____. She didn’t know why, but she decided to walk in and just see if someone had turned in her purse.
“I went up to the shopping assistant and asked if anyone had brought in a black purse. The woman’s eyes widened and she said someone had,” Lavonne recalled.
The shopping assistant said that a few minutes ago, two women came into the gift shop with a black purse. ____3____. They waited for a few minutes there to see if the owner would return. But no one appeared, so they left the purse with a security guard at the door of the shop.
“____4____,” Schaafsm a said gratefully. “You know, it takes weeks to cancel and apply for the ID and credit cards.”
Holding the purse in hand, Schaafsma asked herself how she would have acted in that situation. “____5____ ” she wondered. “Before this accident, I didn’t know the answer. But now, I am sure what I will do!”
A. She started to panic
B. They said they had spotted it on a chair in the park
C. The women hurried to the gift shop and went inside
D. Then she stopped in front of a gift shop close to the park
E. If she noticed something that wasn’t right, would she try to help
F. These women who I don’t know rescued me from massive anxiety
G. What act of kindness am I willing to do on behalf of someone I don’t know
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. F 5. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Lavonne Schaafsma丢失钱包后，意外在礼品店寻回，感慨陌生人善意的经历。
【1题详解】
根据上文“On the way back to her car, as she reached for her keys, she realized her purse was missing. (在返回车的路上，当她伸手去拿钥匙时，她意识到自己的钱包不见了。)”以及下文“Her purse held her ID, credit cards and hundreds of dollars in cash. (她的钱包里装着身份证、信用卡和数百美元现金。)”可知，空格处应承接钱包丢失的情节，体现Lavonne的情绪反应。A选项“她开始慌了神”符合丢失重要物品后的状态，衔接上下文逻辑。故选A项。
【2题详解】
根据上文“Lavonne returned to the park and looked around for 20 minutes, without any luck. (Lavonne回到公园找了20分钟，一无所获。)”以及下文“She didn’t know why, but she decided to walk in and just see if someone had turned in her purse. (她不知道为什么，但还是决定走进去，看看有没有人把钱包交上来。)”可知，空格处应表明Lavonne走到了一个可以进去的场所。D选项“然后她在公园附近的一家礼品店前停了下来”中的gift shop与下文的walk in相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。
【3题详解】
根据上文“The shopping assistant said that a few minutes ago, two women came into the gift shop with a black purse. (店员说，几分钟前，两名女子拿着一个黑色钱包走进了礼品店。)”以及下文“They waited for a few minutes there to see if the owner would return. (她们在那里等了几分钟，看看失主会不会回来。)”可知，空格处应说明两名女子捡到钱包的地点。B选项“她们说在公园的椅子上发现了它”中的it指代钱包，解释了钱包的来源，衔接自然。故选B项。
【4题详解】
根据下文“Schaafsma said gratefully. “You know, it takes weeks to cancel and apply for the ID and credit cards.” (Schaafsma感激地说。“你知道，挂失和补办身份证、信用卡要花好几个星期。”)”可知，空格处应是Lavonne Schaafsma对两名陌生女子的感激之语。F选项“那两个我不认识的女士把我从巨大的焦虑中解救了出来”既表达了感谢，又呼应了补办证件的麻烦，符合语境。故选F项。
【5题详解】
根据上文“Holding the purse in hand, Schaafsma asked herself how she would have acted in that situation. (Schaafsma手里拿着钱包，问自己如果遇到这种情况会怎么做。)”以及下文“Before this accident, I didn’t know the answer. But now, I am sure what I will do! (在这件事发生之前，我不知道答案。但现在，我确定我会怎么做了！)”可知，空格处应是Lavonne 自己行为的假设性提问。G选项“我愿意为一个我不认识的人做什么好事呢？”是对自身善意行为的自问，契合上下文的反思语境。故选G项。
Passage 3
（2026·福建泉州·一模）
Whether you visit regularly or you’re new to using libraries, you might be surprised to learn how much they can do for you — beyond letting you borrow amazing books for free. ____1____ Here are some of the many things the library has to offer.
Research and recommendations.
Librarians can help you research a school project or paper, show you how to do an Internet search, and guide you to reliable sources of correct information. They can also help you find a book you’re looking for, even if you can’t remember the exact title. ____2___ Tell them what books you have enjoyed, as well as subjects that interest and inspire you. They can recommend your next read.
____3____
Besides books, you or an adult in your family can also borrow and stream movies, music, and TV shows with the help of library apps like Hoopla and Kanopy — find out which app your library uses. There are also computers to use for free and quiet zones where you can do homework without distractions (分心的事). You may also find free or discounted printing and photocopying.
Fun clubs and classes.
Many libraries host free events for young people. You can ask a librarian or check the library’s website for a schedule of upcoming activities and sign up with your card. These can include teen book clubs, gaming clubs, art workshops, makerspaces, and classes like chess and crafting (手工). ____4____
Volunteer opportunities.
Many libraries welcome volunteer help from kids. You can learn valuable skills, such as managing responsibility and communicating with others. ____5____ Others need kids to volunteer to read advance reader copies of books.
A. A multimedia center.
B. An essential library card.
C. Library is more than a collection of books.
D. Besides, librarians can make great book suggestions.
E. Librarians also help people with online benefits applications.
F. These activities provide entertainment and offer opportunities for socializing.
G. Some libraries ask kids to write book reviews to help other kids decide what to read.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. F 5. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了图书馆除了借阅书籍之外的多种功能和服务。
【1题详解】
根据上文“Whether you visit regularly or you’re new to using libraries, you might be surprised to learn how much they can do for you — beyond letting you borrow amazing books for free.(无论你是经常光顾图书馆，还是初次接触图书馆，你都可能会惊讶地发现，图书馆能为你提供的远不止是免费借阅精彩书籍这么简单)”以及下文“Here are some of the many things the library has to offer.(以下是图书馆所提供的众多服务中的部分内容)”可知，图书馆不仅仅收藏图书，还包括许多其他服务内容，C项“图书馆不仅仅是一堆书籍的集合”符合语境。故选C。
【2题详解】
根据下文“Tell them what books you have enjoyed, as well as subjects that interest and inspire you. They can recommend your next read.(告诉他们你喜欢哪些书籍，以及哪些主题能让你产生兴趣并给你带来启发。他们可以为你推荐接下来要读的书)”可知，空后提到告诉图书管理员你喜欢的书和感兴趣的主题，他们能推荐下一本读物。D项“此外，图书馆工作人员还能给出很多不错的阅读推荐”符合语境，表明图书管理员能给出不错的书籍推荐。故选D。
【3题详解】
根据下文“Besides books, you or an adult in your family can also borrow and stream movies, music, and TV shows with the help of library apps like Hoopla and Kanopy — find out which app your library uses. There are also computers to use for free and quiet zones where you can do homework without distractions (分心的事). You may also find free or discounted printing and photocopying.(除了书籍之外，您或者您家中的成年人还可以借助像霍普拉和卡诺普这样的图书馆应用程序来借阅在线电影、音乐和电视节目——请查明您所在图书馆使用的是哪个应用程序。此外，还有可供免费使用的电脑以及安静的区域供您用于做作业，不会受到干扰。您或许还能找到免费或打折的打印和复印服务)”可知，该段介绍了除书籍外，还能借助图书馆应用借阅和播放电影、音乐等，还可以免费使用电脑等。A项“一个多媒体中心”能很好地概括这一多媒体功能的集合。故选A。
【4题详解】
根据上文“Many libraries host free events for young people. You can ask a librarian or check the library’s website for a schedule of upcoming activities and sign up with your card. These can include teen book clubs, gaming clubs, art workshops, makerspaces, and classes like chess and crafting (手工).(许多图书馆都会为青少年举办免费活动。您可以向图书馆工作人员咨询，或者查看图书馆的网站以获取即将举行的活动的安排信息，并使用您的借书证进行报名。这些活动可能包括青少年读书俱乐部、游戏俱乐部、艺术工作坊、创客空间以及诸如国际象棋和手工制作之类的课程)”可知，上文列举了图书馆举办的青少年书社、游戏俱乐部等免费活动，F项“这些活动既能带来乐趣，又能为人们提供社交的机会”对这些活动能带来娱乐和社交机会进行总结，符合语境。故选F。
【5题详解】
根据上文“Many libraries welcome volunteer help from kids. You can learn valuable skills, such as managing responsibility and communicating with others.(许多图书馆都欢迎孩子们提供志愿服务。通过参与这些活动，你可以学到很多有用的能力，比如学会承担责任以及与他人进行有效沟通)”可知，该段围绕图书馆志愿者机会展开，下文提到“Others need kids to volunteer to read advance reader copies of books.(还有一些机构则需要志愿者来帮忙阅读提前准备好的书籍样本)”，G项“有些图书馆会要求孩子们撰写书评，以帮助其他孩子决定读什么书”与之结构呼应，介绍了一些图书馆让孩子写书评的志愿者活动。故选G。
Passage 4
（2026·河北沧州·一模）
Travel journals have long been treasured by adventurers, from the detailed logs of ancient explorers navigating uncharted lands to the digital notes of modern travelers documenting global journeys. ___1___ However, they are precious accounts that capture the essence of your journey — places explored, people encountered, and moments lived.
Keeping a travel journal offers a wealth of benefits. It preserves fleeting intangible details, like the fresh smells on a Parisian street corner or the rhythmic crash of waves breaking on a distant shore. ___2___ By reflecting on your experiences in writing, you’re strengthening those memories and making them easier to recall later. More than that, journaling becomes a path to self-discovery, as the reflection allows them to process emotions stirred by new horizons. In addition, it serves as a creative outlet, a canvas for creativity, where stories, drawings, and dreams are woven together.
Technology has recently transformed this age-old practice into something more dynamic and accessible. ___3___ Apps like the Penzu empower travelers to document their adventures instantly, with features like photo uploads, text entries and voice recordings, all available from a smartphone. These digital platforms often work without internet, perfect for remote adventures like wilderness hikes. Some even offer guided cues to spark inspiration, easing the challenge of starting anew each day. ___4___
Digital journals shine as roadmaps for future adventures and bridges to others. They enable travelers to save itineraries, tips, and recommendations, simplifying next trip planning. ___5___ By connecting users online, journals build global networks of shared experiences. So, whether you’re hiking through mountains or strolling city streets, a travel journal, especially a digital one is a companion worth bringing along.
A. Digital apps simplify capturing moments on the go.
B. Sharing your travel tales also tends to ignite wanderlust in others.
C. It’s true that keeping track of what you do when you travel is hard.
D. Journals help professional photographers plan their next big shoot.
E. Writing things down helps encode them in your long-term memory.
F. Combine pictures with your first-hand accounts of what they represent.
G. For instance, questions like “What’s your favourite local dish ” encourage users to reflect and write.
【答案】1. C 2. E 3. A 4. G 5. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旅行日记的重要性、好处以及数字技术对旅行日记的影响，旨在向读者说明旅行日记的价值，并鼓励读者记录旅行经历。
【1题详解】
空后“However, they are precious accounts that capture the essence of your journey — places explored, people encountered, and moments lived.(但这些日志却是珍贵的人生剪影——它们捕捉了旅程的本质：探索过的地域、遇见的人，以及亲历的瞬间。)”以“However”转折，强调旅行日记的珍贵性。选项C“It’s true that keeping track of what you do when you travel is hard.(尽管记录旅行中的所见所闻并非易事)”指出记录旅行中的行为很难，与后文形成对比，符合“转折前先承认困难”的逻辑。故选C。
【2题详解】
空前“It preserves fleeting intangible details, like the fresh smells on a Parisian street corner or the rhythmic crash of waves breaking on a distant shore. (它能留存转瞬即逝的细节，比如巴黎街角的清新气息，或是远方海岸浪花拍打礁石的韵律。)”描述日记能保存如气味、声音等细节。而下文“By reflecting on your experiences in writing, you’re strengthening those memories and making them easier to recall later.(通过文字反思，你会强化这些记忆，让它们在日后更易回想。)”提到通过写作反思可强化记忆。选项E“Writing things down helps encode them in your long-term memory.(写下事情有助于将其编码到长期记忆中。)”衔接前后，解释了“记录”与“记忆强化”的关系。故选E。
【3题详解】
空前“Technology has recently transformed this age-old practice into something more dynamic and accessible.(科技正将这一古老传统转化为更动态、更易触及的形式。)”总述科技让旅行日记更动态易操作；而空后“Apps like the Penzu empower travelers to document their adventures instantly, with features like photo uploads, text entries and voice recordings, all available from a smartphone.(例如Penzu等APP支持旅行者即时记录经历，通过智能手机即可上传照片、文字录入或语音笔记。)”举例Penzu 等应用支持即时记录。选项A“Digital apps simplify capturing moments on the go.(数字应用让旅途中的瞬间捕捉变得简单。)”是对后文例子的总起，与下文内容一致。故选A。
【4题详解】
空前“These digital platforms often work without internet, perfect for remote adventures like wilderness hikes. Some even offer guided cues to spark inspiration, easing the challenge of starting anew each day.(这些平台多支持离线使用，尤其适合荒野徒步等偏远探险。部分应用甚至提供引导式提示，化解每日开篇的难题。)”提到数字平台提供引导性提示。选项G“For instance, questions like “What’s your favourite local dish ” encourage users to reflect and write.(如“你最爱的当地美食是什么？”，激发用户思考与创作。)”以具体问题为例，说明提示的形式，符合逻辑。故选G。
【5题详解】
空前“They enable travelers to save itineraries, tips, and recommendations, simplifying next trip planning.(它们能保存行程安排、实用贴士与推荐清单，为下次旅行规划省去麻烦。)”提到数字日记可保存行程建议。而空后“By connecting users online, journals build global networks of shared experiences.(通过线上平台连接用户，日志构建起全球共享体验的网络。)”则提到通过网络连接用户，建立共享体验网络。选项B“Sharing your travel tales also tends to ignite wanderlust in others.(分享旅行故事还能点燃他人的探索欲。)”衔接前后，既呼应“保存”的实用价值，又引出“社交分享”的意义。
Passage 5
（2026·重庆巴蜀中学·一模）
Move House Without the Waste
If you’ve got a house move coming up, then you’ll know that it can be a stressful experience. With everything going on, reducing the environmental impact of moving may not be high on your list of priorities. ____1____. Thankfully, there are a few clever ways to green your move and save some money.
Firstly, it’s always best to declutter (清理) before you even start thinking about packing. Getting rid of stuff you don’t need means you need fewer boxes and fewer packaging materials. ____2____, saving money and reducing pollution.
Once you’ve decluttered, you can move on to the packing stage. Many removal companies supply their own brand-new boxes at an additional cost. To save resources (and a bit of cash), it’s best to foster (培养) a good relationship with local shops. ____3____. However, you can ask the staff when the delivery day is and then pop in that day to collect some cardboard boxes before they are sent to recycling.
____4____ — using suitcases instead of boxes. Ask your friends and family if you can borrow some. Laundry bags are also an excellent option. You can generally fit a lot in them and they are much easier to carry than boxes.
And finally, you can’t move your goods with cardboard boxes alone. Delicate items need some form of protection during the move. ____5____. If you find yourself short on recycled materials, you can also use clean towels and clothes to wrap breakables in. This is also a clever space-saving technique！
A. They have a good supply of boxes
B. Yet moving can be quite a wasteful process
C. It may also mean you need a smaller removal truck
D. Moreover, get creative with items you are clearing out
E. Most of them won’t store cardboard boxes as it’s a fire risk
F. You can keep old newspapers or air-filled packaging beforehand
G. Alternatively, you can get crafty with the items you have around you
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. E 4. G 5. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍搬家虽压力大且易产生浪费，但可通过清理物品、巧用包装等方式实现绿色搬家，给出具体实用建议。
【1题详解】
根据上文“If you’ve got a house move coming up, then you’ll know that it can be a stressful experience. With everything going on, reducing the environmental impact of moving may not be high on your list of priorities.(如果你即将搬家，你就会知道这可能是一段充满压力的经历。事情千头万绪，减少搬家对环境的影响可能并不是你优先考虑的事情。”以及下文“Thankfully, there are a few clever ways to green your move and save some money.(值得庆幸的是，有一些巧妙的方法可以让你的搬家更环保，还能省钱)”可知，此处需转折引出搬家的浪费问题，从而衔接下文的绿色搬家建议，B选项“Yet moving can be quite a wasteful process(然而搬家可能是一个相当浪费的过程)”以转折关系承接上文“未重视环保”，自然引出下文解决方案，符合语境。故选B项。
【2题详解】
根据上文“Firstly, it’s always best to declutter (清理) before you even start thinking about packing. Getting rid of stuff you don’t need means you need fewer boxes and fewer packaging materials.(首先，最好在开始考虑打包之前就进行清理。扔掉不需要的东西意味着你需要更少的箱子和包装材料)”以及下文“saving money and reducing pollution.(省钱并减少污染)”可知，此处应延续“清理物品”的好处，进一步说明减少物品带来的积极影响，C选项“It may also mean you need a smaller removal truck(这也可能意味着你需要一辆更小的搬家卡车)”中also承接上文好处，“更小的卡车”也能实现下文的“省钱减污”，符合语境。故选C项。
【3题详解】
根据上文“Once you’ve decluttered, you can move on to the packing stage. Many removal companies supply their own brand-new boxes at an additional cost. To save resources (and a bit of cash), it’s best to foster (培养) a good relationship with local shops.(清理完之后，你就可以进入打包阶段了。许多搬家公司会额外收费提供他们自己的全新箱子。为了节省资源（和一点钱），最好与当地商店建立良好的关系)”以及下文“However, you can ask the staff when the delivery day is and then pop in that day to collect some cardboard boxes before they are sent to recycling.(不过，你可以问工作人员送货日是什么时候，然后在那天箱子被送去回收之前顺便去取一些纸箱)”可知，此处需先说明当地商店与纸箱的关联，再用however转折引出获取纸箱的具体方式，E选项“Most of them won’t store cardboard boxes as it’s a fire risk(大多数商店不会存放纸箱，因为有火灾风险)”既呼应上文“联系商店”，又能与下文“询问送货日取箱”形成转折逻辑，符合语境。故选E项。
【4题详解】
根据下文“— using suitcases instead of boxes. Ask your friends and family if you can borrow some. Laundry bags are also an excellent option. You can generally fit a lot in them and they are much easier to carry than boxes.(——用行李箱代替箱子。问问你的朋友和家人是否可以借一些。洗衣袋也是一个很好的选择。通常你可以在里面装很多东西，而且比箱子更容易携带)”可知，此处应总领下文“巧用身边现有物品替代箱子”的做法，G选项“Alternatively, you can get crafty with the items you have around you(或者，你可以巧妙利用身边已有的物品)”中的get crafty with the items around you恰好概括下文巧用行李箱、洗衣袋的做法，符合语境。故选G项。
【5题详解】
根据上文“And finally, you can’t move your goods with cardboard boxes alone. Delicate items need some form of protection during the move.(最后，仅用纸箱是无法搬运物品的。易碎物品在搬运过程中需要某种形式的保护)”以及下文“If you find yourself short on recycled materials, you can also use clean towels and clothes to wrap breakables in.(如果你发现回收材料不够，你也可以用干净的毛巾和衣服来包裹易碎品)”可知，此处应先介绍一种保护易碎品的回收材料，再用also引出另一种替代方式，F选项“You can keep old newspapers or air-filled packaging beforehand(你可以提前留存旧报纸或充气包装)”中的old newspapers or air-filled packaging属于可回收保护材料，与下文recycled materials呼应，符合语境。故选F项。
主题02 人与自我
Passage 1
（2026·广东佛山·一模）
For days, Lauren’s daughter would burst into tears before school, pressing her face against her mom’s leg and begging not to go — an all-too-familiar scene for parents of young students. But one morning, Lauren decided to rewrite the story. In a moment of exhausted inspiration, she told her girl a little white lie, "Your teacher texted me, and you’re the new gate leader." _____1_____ The video Lauren shared to TikTok that day shows the little girl proudly waving classmates through the school gate, smiling beside her teacher. It quickly became a viral hit.
Lauren says the idea came from pure desperation. _____2_____ But after Lauren told her daughter about this new role, she just stopped crying. “We went to school early,” Lauren recalls. “She stood there with her teacher, and they just let her join in.” Once the teacher learned about the idea, he was fully supportive. He said. Whatever helps her come to school.
Since that morning, her daughter hasn’t looked back. She takes her gate duties seriously. Now she’s the one rushing her mom out the door each day. _____3_____ She tells them their parents are coming back and that it’s okay.
The change didn’t just ease her daughter’s anxiety. _____4_____ Now she began to see school not as something to fear, but as a place where she belonged.
What made the story attractive isn’t just the viral moment — it’s the quiet beauty of a mother recognizing exactly what her child needed: a sense of purpose and pride. “She really believes she’s helping those kids who are sad,” Lauren says. And honestly, she is.
_____5_____ “Every day she’s at that gate, waiting, ready to help,” Lauren says. “And every morning she’s the one telling me, ‘Come on, Mommy, we can’t be late — I have to be there for the other kids.’”
A. She wants to feel appreciated.
B. She even helps other kids who cry.
C. It also opened up something new inside her.
D. Her daughter’s mood changed almost instantly.
E. She was stressing out and didn’t know what to do.
F. Now, mornings that once began in tears end in joy.
G. The experience offers a deep insight into childhood.
【答案】1. D 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述母亲用善意谎言帮女儿克服上学焦虑，女儿在责任中找到归属感并帮助他人的故事。
【1题详解】
上文“Your teacher texted me, and you’re the new gate leader.(老师给我发消息了，你是新任的校门引导员)” 说明母亲对女儿说了善意的谎言，赋予其新身份。空处承接前文，体现这一话语带来的即时效果，后文视频内容也印证女孩状态的转变。D项“她女儿的情绪几乎立刻就变了。”符合语境，与后文女孩自豪引导同学的画面形成顺接。故选D。
【2题详解】
上文“Lauren says the idea came from pure desperation.(劳伦说这个主意完全是走投无路想出来的)”说明劳伦当时毫无办法、内心焦虑。空处承接“绝望”的状态，解释其具体表现。E项“她压力很大，不知道该怎么办。”是对“desperation”的具体阐释，与前文为顺接关系。故选E。
【3题详解】
上文“She takes her gate duties seriously. Now she’s the one rushing her mom out the door each day.(她认真履行校门引导员的职责，现在每天都是她催妈妈出门)”说明女孩积极承担职责，空处进一步体现其职责的延伸，后文“She tells them their parents are coming back and that it’s okay.(她告诉他们爸爸妈妈会回来的，没关系)” 也印证了她对其他孩子的帮助。B项“她甚至会帮助其他哭泣的孩子。”符合语境，与后文形成因果顺接。故选B。
【4题详解】
上文“The change didn’t just ease her daughter’s anxiety.(这种改变不仅缓解了她女儿的焦虑)”说明这种改变有积极影响，下文“Now she began to see school not as something to fear, but as a place where she belonged.(现在她开始认为学校不是一个可怕的地方，而是一个她属于的地方)”说明小女孩对学校的看法发生了变化，空处和前文为顺接关系，说明这种改变带来的其他影响，C项“它也开启了她内心新的东西。”符合语境。故选C。
【5题详解】
下文““Every day she’s at that gate, waiting, ready to help,” Lauren says. “And every morning she’s the one telling me, ‘Come on, Mommy, we can’t be late-I have to be there for the other kids.’”(“她每天都会守在那扇门边，等着，随时准备帮忙，”劳伦说，“每天早上都是她告诉我，‘快点，妈妈，我们不能迟到——我得去接其他孩子。’”)”说明女孩现在上学的状态充满积极与期待，与文章开头“burst into tears before school(上学前大哭)”的状态形成鲜明对比。空处作为段首句，总结这种前后的变化。F项“如今，曾经以泪水开始的早晨，最终以欢乐收尾。”符合语境，与开头形成呼应，也总领后文的积极状态。故选F。
Passage 2
（2026·安徽淮北·一模）
Many teens have chatted with AI chatbots, which can be helpful. However, this technology isn’t designed for youngsters, and problems can arise if no proper guidance is provided. ____1____
Value your own voice. ____2____ You should feel proud to make your unique voice heard. A chatbot may act like a person but it doesn’t have feelings or lived experience. Yet those are important things that make us human. You should ask yourself whether you really want help from something that can’t actually know your feelings.
____3____ Robots can’t understand you and your problems the way a real friend or doctor can. When you need help, feel confident to seek out real people. “You should get real answers from people that actually know you,” says Linda Charmaraman, who directs the Youth, Media & Wellbeing research lab at Wellesley College.
Avoid empty praise. A true friend will call you out when you do something wrong, which helps you learn and grow. But chatbots love to shower praise. They’ll agree with almost anything you say. ____4____ However, if you rely on chatbots for help in social situations, you may fail to learn it when you’ve made a mistake.
Beware of made-up facts. Honest people say “I don’t know” when they are unsure, but AI rarely does so. ____5____ These false responses can cause trouble. Remember: something sounding smart doesn’t mean it’s true. If you use bot-generated content, you’re responsible for it.
A. Consult real people for tips.
B. Assess solutions from chatbots.
C. Here are key tips for talking to AI chatbots.
D. Bots tend to confidently answer every question.
E. But it is necessary to learn how to use AI chatbots.
F. You have experiences, ideas and feelings that matter.
G. This tendency is helpful if you need a confidence boost.
【答案】1. C 2. F 3. A 4. G 5. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章针对青少年与AI聊天机器人交流的现象，指出该技术并非为年轻人设计，缺乏适当指导可能引发问题，进而给出了“重视自身声音、咨询真人建议、避免空洞表扬、警惕虚假信息”四大核心建议。
【1题详解】
根据上文“However, this technology isn’t designed for youngsters, and problems can arise if no proper guidance is provided.(然而，这项技术并非为青少年设计的，如果缺乏适当的指导，就可能会出现各种问题)”及下文各段首句“Value your own voice.(重视自己的声音)”、“Avoid empty praise.(避免空洞的表扬)”等可知，上文提出“缺乏指导会有问题”的痛点，下文紧接着给出具体建议，设空处需起到“引出建议”的过渡作用。C选项“以下是与AI聊天机器人交流的关键建议”中的“key tips”直接呼应下文的四条具体指导，“talking to AI chatbots”衔接上文话题，完美承接“缺乏指导→提供指导”的逻辑，形成语义闭环。故选C项。
【2题详解】
根据上文“Value your own voice.(重视自己的声音)”及下文“You should feel proud to make your unique voice heard. A chatbot may act like a person but it doesn’t have feelings or lived experience.(你应该为自己能够发出自己独特的声音而感到自豪。虽然聊天机器人可能表现得像人一样，但它没有情感和生活经历)”可知，上文提出“重视自身声音”的观点，下文强调“独特性”和“人类的情感与经历”，设空处需补充“自身声音有价值”的具体依据。F选项“你拥有重要的经历、想法和情感”中的“experiences, ideas and feelings”既呼应下文“feelings or lived experience”，又解释了“为何要重视自身声音”——因为这些是你独有的、有价值的东西，与“unique voice”形成逻辑呼应。故选F项。
【3题详解】
根据下文“Robots can’t understand you and your problems the way a real friend or doctor can. When you need help, feel confident to seek out real people.(机器人无法像真正的朋友或医生那样理解你以及你的问题。当你需要帮助时，要勇于去寻求真正的人来帮忙)”可知，该段核心是“建议找真人求助”，设空处需作为段落主题句，概括核心观点。A选项“向真人咨询建议”直接点明段落主旨，“Consult real people”与下文“seek out real people”、“get real answers from people”形成关键词对应，明确该段的核心建议方向，符合主题句的功能。故选A项。
【4题详解】
根据上文“But chatbots love to shower praise. They’ll agree with almost anything you say.(但聊天机器人特别喜欢给予赞美。它们几乎会认同你所说的任何内容)”及下文“However, if you rely on chatbots for help in social situations, you may fail to learn it when you’ve made a mistake.(然而，如果在社交场合你依赖聊天机器人来寻求帮助，那么一旦你犯了错误，你就无法从中吸取教训了)”可知，上文描述聊天机器人 “爱表扬”的特点，下文通过“however”转折指出其弊端，设空处需先说明该特点的正面作用，形成“优点→转折→弊端”的逻辑。G选项“如果你需要提升自信，这种倾向会很有帮助”中的“This tendency”指代上文“shower praise, agree with almost anything”，“helpful”体现其正面价值，与下文“however”后的弊端形成对比，使逻辑更完整。故选G项。
【5题详解】
根据上文“Honest people say “I don’t know” when they are unsure, but AI rarely does so.(诚实的人在不确定时会说“我不知道”，但人工智能却很少会这样做)”及下文“These false responses can cause trouble.(这些虚假的回应可能会带来麻烦)”可知，上文指出AI“很少说不知道”的特点，下文提到“虚假回应”，设空处需补充AI“不确定时的具体做法”，即“虚假回应”的具体表现。D选项“聊天机器人倾向于自信地回答每个问题”承接上文，说明AI即使不确定也会“自信回答”，这正是下文“false responses”的来源，形成“AI的做法→虚假回应→引发麻烦”的逻辑链。故选D项。
Passage 3
（2026·安徽芜湖·一模）
We get frustrated all the time. The line won’t move. The WiFi won’t work. From life’s biggest goals to its tiniest annoyances, frustration is in our daily life.
____1____ Unlike anger, which often targets an external cause, or stress which can arise from too many demands, frustration happens when things are not progressing in the way you anticipate. Now scientists are uncovering its surprising upside. Frustration can be transformed into motivation, pushing people to optimize solutions to overcome difficulties. So how can we employ the unexpected upsides of feeling frustrated
·____2____
Instead of seeing frustration as failure, view it as evidence that you’re being challenged at the right level. For example, academic tests will grow more difficult as you perform better — that’s because you are good enough. ____3___
·Acknowledge obstacles to be functional.
The first step is being aware that everything has roadblocks — work, learning a new hobby, or even re-learning the skill you once mastered. Frustration is an input to (not a side effect of) our pursuits. ____4___ If you know this in advance, you will anticipate obstacles, which can motivate self-growth, especially when you are told they are necessary parts of progress.
·Analyze the signal from the situation.
When faced with frustration, try to analyze the signal conveyed by the situation. This initial analysis helps you avoid being overwhelmed by negative emotions. ____5____ In this way, frustration is no longer a roadblock but a stepping stone toward personal growth.
Keep in mind that by reflecting on the obstacles, learning from the experience and applying the gained knowledge to subsequent challenges, you can truly benefit from frustration.
A. Look on frustration from a different angle.
B. Regard frustration as an academic challenge.
C. There is a reason for the existence of frustration.
D. Furthermore, you will center on practical solutions.
E. On a regular basis, it’s not going to get you to feel right at first.
F. Therefore, such a struggle isn’t a setback but proof of personal growth.
G. In short, frustration is of vital significance in developing our hands-on ability.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. F 4. E 5. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕挫败感展开，指出挫败感是日常生活中常见的情绪，同时区分了其与愤怒、压力的不同成因，揭示了挫败感能转化为动力的积极一面，并给出了从不同角度看待挫败感、正视障碍的功能性、分析处境传递的信号这三种利用挫败感积极作用的方法。
【1题详解】
下文“Unlike anger, which often targets an external cause, or stress which can arise from too many demands, frustration happens when things are not progressing in the way you anticipate.(与通常指向外部原因的愤怒，或是由过多需求引发的压力不同，挫败感产生于事情未按你预期的方式发展时。)”点明了挫败感与愤怒、压力的成因差异，明确了挫败感的产生原因。选项C“挫败感的存在是有原因的”，能够自然引出下文对挫败感产生原因的具体阐释。故选C。
【2题详解】
下文“Instead of seeing frustration as failure, view it as evidence that you’re being challenged at the right level.(不要把挫败感看作失败，而要将其视为你正面临恰当难度挑战的证明。)”核心强调要转变看待挫败感的视角，用积极的角度看待这种情绪，且本段为文章的第一个方法建议，需要主旨句统领内容。选项A“从不同的角度看待挫败感”，精准概括了下文的核心观点，作为本段主旨句，能够总领全段内容。故选A。
【3题详解】
上文“For example, academic tests will grow more difficult as you perform better — that’s because you are good enough.(例如，随着你表现越来越好，学科测试会变得更难——这是因为你足够优秀。)”以学科测试为例，说明挫败感的出现是因为自身能力提升面临了更高难度的挑战，并非是负面的失败信号。选项F“因此，这样的挣扎并非挫折，而是个人成长的证明”，通过“因此”承接上文的举例论证，对例子进行总结升华，进一步印证了要从积极角度看待挫败感的观点，与本段主旨相呼应。故选F。
【4题详解】
上文“Frustration is an input to (not a side effect of) our pursuits.(挫败感是我们追求目标过程中的一种投入，而非副作用。)”点明了挫败感在追求目标过程中的正向属性，下文“If you know this in advance, you will anticipate obstacles, which can motivate self-growth.(如果你提前明白这一点，就会预见障碍，这能推动自我成长。)”说明提前认知挫败感的属性会带来的积极影响。选项E“起初，这种情绪通常并不会让你感觉良好”，承接上文对挫败感属性的界定，同时客观说明挫败感本身的情绪感受，为下文提前认知其属性的重要性做铺垫。故选E。
【5题详解】
上文“When faced with frustration, try to analyze the signal conveyed by the situation. This initial analysis helps you avoid being overwhelmed by negative emotions.(面对挫败感时，试着分析处境所传递的信号。这种初步的分析能帮助你避免被负面情绪压垮。)”点明了面对挫败感时分析处境信号的做法，以及该做法的第一个积极作用——摆脱负面情绪的困扰。下文“In this way, frustration is no longer a roadblock but a stepping stone toward personal growth.(通过这种方式，挫败感不再是障碍，而是个人成长的垫脚石。)”说明该做法最终能实现的积极效果。选项D“此外，你还会将注意力集中在切实可行的解决办法上”，通过“此外”承接上文的第一个积极作用，进一步说明分析处境信号的第二个积极作用，同时为下文最终的积极效果做铺垫。故选D。
Passage 4
（2026·河北唐县·一模）
The idea that night owls (夜猫子) who don’t go to bed until the early hours struggle to get anything done during the day may have to be changed. ____1____ Research suggests that people who are identified as night owls could be sharper than those who go to bed early.
Researchers at Imperial College London studied data from the UK Biobank. More than 26,000 people completed intelligence, reasoning, reaction time and memory tests. They then examined how participants’ sleep duration, quality, and chronotype (which determines what time of day we feel most alert and productive) affected brain performance. They found that those who stay up late and those classed as “intermediate” had “superior cognitive function”. ____2____
Going to bed late is strongly associated with creative types. ____3____ Those people include Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, James Joyce and Kanye West. While politicians such as Margaret Thatcher and Winston Churchill seemed to have little sleep, the study found that sleep duration is important for brain function, with those getting between seven and nine hours of shut-eye each night performing best in cognitive tests.
____4____ Dr Raha West, lead author and clinical research fellow at the department of surgery and cancer at Imperial College London, said, “While understanding and working with your natural sleep tendencies is essential, it’s equally important to remember to get just enough sleep.”
The research indeed offers some comfort to those who stay up late. But it’s not all about being a night owl or early bird. ____5____ Whether you’re most productive under the moon or the sun, ensuring enough and quality sleep matters. So, embrace your natural sleep pattern, but don’t forget the importance of a good night’s sleep for a sharp mind.
A. Poor sleep increases stress levels.
B. Staying up late could hurt brain power.
C. It’s about identifying your personal sleep pattern.
D. However, early birds had the lowest scores.
E. Staying up late could be good for our brain power.
F. There are artists, authors and musicians known to be night owls.
G. Sleep duration is crucial for keeping your brain functioning at its best.
【答案】1. E 2. D 3. F 4. G 5. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究颠覆了传统认知，发现夜猫子可能比早起者更具认知优势，但也强调保持充足睡眠对大脑功能至关重要，建议人们根据自身自然睡眠模式进行调节。
【1题详解】
前文“The idea that night owls (夜猫子) who don’t go to bed until the early hours struggle to get anything done during the day may have to be changed. (夜猫子直到凌晨才上床睡觉，白天很难完成任何事情，这种想法可能需要改变了)”指出夜猫子效率低下的想法需改变，后文“Research suggests that people who are identified as night owls could be sharper than those who go to bed early. (研究表明，那些被认为是夜猫子的人可能比那些早睡的人更敏锐)”提到夜猫子可能比早起者更敏锐，因此E项“Staying up late could be good for our brain power. (熬夜可能对大脑功能有益)”符合语境，给出想法需改变的理由，承接前文，呼应后文研究结论。故选E。
【2题详解】
前文“They found that those who stay up late and those classed as “intermediate” had “superior cognitive function”. (他们发现，那些熬夜的人和那些被归类为“中间型”的人有“优越的认知功能”)”指出熬夜的人和类别为“中间型”的人认知功能更强，因此D项“However, early birds had the lowest scores. (然而，早起者得分最低)”符合语境，指出早起者的劣势，和前文构成转折。故选D。
【3题详解】
前文“Going to bed late is strongly associated with creative types. (晚睡与有创造力的人密切相关)”将晚睡与创造力关联，后文“Those people include Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, James Joyce and Kanye West. (这些人包括亨利·德·图卢兹·劳特列克、詹姆斯·乔伊斯和坎耶·韦斯特)”列举人文艺术领域代表人物的例子，因此F项“There are artists, authors and musicians known to be night owls. (有许多艺术家、作家和音乐家是公认的夜猫子)”符合语境，点明夜猫子的典型人群，承接前文的关联，后文是对其举例说明。故选F。
【4题详解】
后文“Dr Raha West, lead author and clinical research fellow at the department of surgery and cancer at Imperial College London, said, “While understanding and working with your natural sleep tendencies is essential, it’s equally important to remember to get just enough sleep.” (该研究的主要作者、伦敦帝国理工学院外科和癌症部门的临床研究员Raha West博士说：“虽然了解并处理你的自然睡眠倾向是必不可少的，但同样重要的是要记住，要有足够的睡眠。”)”引用研究者的话，指出需得到充足睡眠，因此G项“Sleep duration is crucial for keeping your brain functioning at its best. (睡眠时长对保持大脑最佳功能至关重要)”符合语境，点明睡眠时长的重要性，和后文呼应。故选G。
【5题详解】
前文“But it’s not all about being a night owl or early bird. (但这并不全是关于成为夜猫子或早起的人)”表明仍有需要注意的事项，后文“Whether you’re most productive under the moon or the sun, ensuring enough and quality sleep matters. (无论你是在月亮下还是在太阳下工作效率最高，保证充足和高质量的睡眠都很重要)”强调充足和高质量的睡眠的重要性，因此C项“It’s about identifying your personal sleep pattern. (这是关于确定你的个人睡眠模式)”符合语境，强调个体差异，承接前文，后文是对其总结。故选C。
Passage 5
（2026·湖北八校·一模）
To figure out how to choose a career, start by taking a good look at yourself. Your talents, your passions and your mission are like the small wires. ____1____ From there, you’ll narrow the field further by looking at the specifics of different career options you’re most suited for.
List your skills and talents. No matter who you are, there are plenty of things you’re good at. You might know what those talents are already, but go ahead and make a list of every one that comes to mind. ____2____ Don’t leave out any of them, even if you don’t think it qualifies as a career skill.
Identify your passions and mission. If you’re going to find a meaningful career, passion isn’t just a pipe dream but a must. It means the work will fulfill you. ____3____ To sustain commitment over the long stretch, you also need a deeper purpose. This purpose defines your mission: the contribution you want to make and the results you try to see.
____4____ Matters like how much money you want to make and where you want to live are important too. Think about these questions to narrow down your options: How much money do you need to make Do you want flexibility in your job What kind of benefits are important to you What kind of environment do you excel in
If you’ve managed to get through everything above and have a clear answer for what you’re wired to do, congratulations! If you’re still unsure, that’s okay. ____5____ There’s only so much career shopping you can do before you have to just go for it.
A. Consider your financial goals first.
B. Think about practical parts of a job.
C. However, passion alone isn’t enough.
D. You don’t have to have this figured out by dinnertime.
E. These are all clues that tell you what your strengths are.
F. They combine to form a picture of what you’re wired to do.
G. Your mission will follow if you’re passionate about your work.
【答案】1. F 2. E 3. C 4. B 5. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个可以帮助人们确定职业的方法。
【1题详解】
空前“Your talents, your passions and your mission are like the small wires.(你的才能，你的激情和你的使命就像细小的电线)”指出才能、激情和使命就像细小的电线。由此可知，这些细小的电线结合在一起，就能绘制出我们的职业。F项“它们结合在一起，形成了一幅你天生适合做的事情的画面。”符合语境，they指代上文提到的“talents, your passions and your mission”。故选F。
【2题详解】
上文“No matter who you are, there are plenty of things you’re good at. You might know what those talents are already, but go ahead and make a list of every one that comes to mind. (无论你是谁，你都有很多擅长的事情。你可能已经知道这些才能是什么了，但是继续吧，把你想到的每一个都列出来)”指出我们应该把自己的每一个才能都列出来。由此推测，空处可能陈述把它们列出来的原因。E项“这些都是告诉你自己优势所在的线索。”符合语境。故选E。
【3题详解】
上文“If you’re going to find a meaningful career, passion isn’t just a pipe dream but a must. It means the work will fulfill you.(如果你想找到一份有意义的职业，激情不是白日梦，而是必须的。这意味着工作将使你充实)”指出激情的重要性，下文“To sustain commitment over the long stretch, you also need a deeper purpose. (为了长期维持投入，你还需要一个更深层次的目标)”指出还需要一个更深层次的目标。由此可知，只有激情是不够的。C项“然而，只有激情是不够的。”符合语境，承上启下。故选C。
【4题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Matters like how much money you want to make and where you want to live are important too. Think about these questions to narrow down your options: How much money do you need to make Do you want flexibility in your job What kind of benefits are important to you What kind of environment do you excel in (像你想赚多少钱，你想住在哪里这样的事情也很重要。想想这些问题来缩小你的选择范围：你需要赚多少钱？你想要工作上的灵活性吗？什么样的福利对你来说是重要的？你最擅长的环境是什么？)”可知，后文列举的都是工作的实际考量因素（收入、工作地点、福利等）。B项“考虑工作中实际的部分。”概括本段内容，可以作为主旨句。故选B。
【5题详解】
上文“If you’ve managed to get through everything above and have a clear answer for what you’re wired to do, congratulations! If you’re still unsure, that’s okay.(如果你已经完成了上面的所有事情，并且对你想要做的事情有了一个明确的答案，那么恭喜你！如果你仍然不确定，没关系)”指出对想做的事有了明确的答案这很好，如果还没确定也没关系。由此可知，做明确的决定不用着急，可以慢慢思考。D项“你没必要在晚饭前搞清楚。”符合语境，承接上文。故选D。
主题03 人与自然
Passage 1
（2026·南京二十九中·一模）
Could Viewing Art Be the Next Public Health prescription (处方药)
In an era characterized by burnout and scrolling, a therapeutic (疗愈性的) alternative is hanging on a gallery wall. When volunteers at London’s Courtauld Gallery stood before masterpieces, their stress and inflammation (炎症) levels dropped compared with those of volunteers viewing reproductions. ____1____
That art can lift spirits is well known. ____2____ A study by King’s College London asked participants to look at masterworks by 19th-century post-impressionists while wearing sensors. Half the group saw the originals in the gallery, half viewed copies in a lab. The results were clear: going to art galleries is good for your physical health — relieving stress and cutting heart disease risk, as well as boosting the immune system.
____3____ Earlier this summer, a team of Cambridge psychologists conducted a similar project to show how appreciating artistic beauty helps escape the “mental trappings of daily life.” Besides, a Nature Magazine’s review suggests that art can play a role in public health. And for the first time in its long history, The Lancet recently ran a photo essay showcasing how art can enhance lives.
“When you experience an artwork, you don’t just see it, but you feel it,” the art historian Katy Hessel writes. “The best thing we can do is take time with it.” Time, of course, is what we are lacking in today’s fast-paced world. ____4____ Galleries are quiet, thoughtful places. We stop scrolling and start really looking. Deeply engaging with a work of art creates “psychological distancing” and enables us to see and take pleasure what is not ourselves.
Today we are advised to exercise and eat healthily. ____5____ After all, science has spoken for this.
A. But that it calms the body is novel.
B. So we should make art more accessible to all.
C. There’s growing evidence to support that opinion.
D. Galleries bring us face to face with human genius.
E. But this seems to be key to art’s therapeutic powers.
F. Will doctors soon be prescribing a visit to a local gallery
G. Science suggests that original art is a medicine that one can view rather than swallow.
【答案】1. G 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了欣赏艺术品对身心健康产生的积极影响，并通过多项科学研究加以论证，提出了未来“艺术处方”的可能性。
【1题详解】
前文“In an era characterized by burnout and scrolling, a therapeutic alternative is hanging on a gallery wall. (在一个以倦怠和刷屏为特征的时代，一种疗愈性的替代方案正挂在美术馆的墙上。)”提出问题背景并隐喻性地提出解决方案，后文“That art can lift spirits is well known. (艺术能振奋精神是众所周知的。)”转向陈述普遍认知。空处需要一个衔接句，既承接前文的“替代方案”隐喻，又为后文的普遍认知转折做铺垫。G项“Science suggests that original art is a medicine that one can view rather than swallow. (科学表明，原作是一种可以观看而非吞服的药物。)”用“科学表明”将前文的比喻具体化为一个科学论断，同时“可以观看而非吞服的药物”与后文“能振奋精神”共同构成艺术不同层面的益处，逻辑衔接紧密。故选G。
【2题详解】
前文“That art can lift spirits is well known. (艺术能振奋精神是众所周知。)”是普遍的精神层面认知，后文“A study by King’s College London asked participants to look at masterworks by 19th-century post-impressionists while wearing sensors. Half the group saw the originals in the gallery, half viewed copies in a lab. The results were clear: going to art galleries is good for your physical health --- relieving stress and cutting heart disease risk, as well as boosting the immune system. (伦敦国王学院的一项研究要求参与者在佩戴传感器的情况下观看19世纪后印象派大师的作品。一半人在美术馆看原作，另一半在实验室看复制品。结果很明确：去美术馆对你的身体健康有益——缓解压力、降低心脏病风险，还能增强免疫系统。)”是具体的身体益处研究。空处需要一个转折，从“精神”转向“身体”，并提示这个新发现。A项“But that it calms the body is novel. (但它能使身体平静这一点却是新颖的。)”通过“But”进行语义转折，“calms the body”与后文研究的“relieving stress... good for your physical health”直接对应，“novel”则点明这是新的发现。故选A。
【3题详解】
前文“The results were clear: going to art galleries is good for your physical health — relieving stress and cutting heart disease risk, as well as boosting the immune system. (结果很明确：去美术馆对你的身体健康有益——缓解压力、降低心脏病风险，还能增强免疫系统。)”是一项研究的结论，后文“Earlier this summer, a team of Cambridge psychologists conducted a similar project to show how appreciating artistic beauty helps escape the ‘mental trappings of daily life.’ Besides, a Nature Magazine’s review suggests that art can play a role in public health. And for the first time in its long history, The Lancet recently ran a photo essay showcasing how art can enhance lives. (今年初夏，剑桥大学的一个心理学家团队进行了一个类似的项目，以展示欣赏艺术之美如何帮助人们摆脱‘日常生活的精神困境’。此外，《自然》杂志的一篇评论也表明艺术可以在公共健康中发挥作用。在其悠久的历史中，《柳叶刀》杂志最近首次发表了一篇摄影散文，展示艺术如何提升生活。)”是多项其他证据。空处应承上启下，总结前文的观点并引出更多的证据支持。C项“There’s growing evidence to support that opinion. (有越来越多的证据支持这一观点。)”中的“that opinion”指代前文“艺术有益健康”的观点，“growing evidence”则引出后文列举的剑桥研究、《自然》杂志评论和《柳叶刀》文章，起到了自然的过渡作用。故选C。
【4题详解】
前文引用了艺术史学家的观点和作者的评论“The best thing we can do is take time with it. Time, of course, is what we are lacking in today’s fast-paced world.(我们能做的最好的事情就是花时间与它相处。当然，时间正是我们在当今快节奏世界中所缺乏的。)”强调了花时间欣赏艺术的重要性及其与现实时间匮乏之间的矛盾。后文“ Galleries are quiet, thoughtful places. We stop scrolling and start really looking. Deeply engaging with a work of art creates “psychological distancing” and enables us to see and take pleasure what is not ourselves.(美术馆是静谧、令人沉思的空间。在这里，我们不再滑动屏幕，而是真正开始凝视。深度沉浸于一件艺术作品之中，创造出一种“心理距离”，使我们得以观照并在他者中获得愉悦。)”具体描述了画廊环境和深度参与艺术带来的心理益处。由此可知，空处应点明“花时间”这一行为与艺术疗愈效果之间的关键联系。选项E“But this seems to be key to art's therapeutic powers.(但这似乎是艺术治疗力量的关键。)”中“this”明确指代前文完整句意所强调的“花时间欣赏艺术”这一核心建议，后文则是对此关键作用（即创造“心理距离”）的具体阐述，形成因果解释，衔接自然，故选E。
【5题详解】
前文“Today we are advised to exercise and eat healthily.(今天我们被建议锻炼和健康饮食。)”列举了常规的健康建议。后文“After all, science has spoken for this.(毕竟，科学已经为此说话了。)”总结指出科学为前述观点提供了依据。由此可知，空处应提出一个与常规健康建议并列的新建议，且该建议同样有科学支持。选项F“Will doctors soon be prescribing a visit to a local gallery (医生会很快开出去当地画廊的处方吗？)”以设问形式，将“参观画廊”类比为一种可被“处方”的健康干预手段，与前文的“锻炼、健康饮食”建议相呼应，后文的“this”即指代该设问观点，表明科学已为其提供证据，逻辑合理，故选F。
Passage 2
（2026·广东高州·一模）
At its most basic level, laughter affects our physical body. It enables us to take in more oxygenated air and stimulate our lungs. ____1____ This leads to several benefits.
Increases Heart Health
As we laugh at funny events, our cardiac (心脏的) health improves. Laughter provides this benefit by increasing our heart rate and lowering our blood pressure. ____2____ One study found that people who rarely or never laughed were 1.21 times more likely to have heart disease than those who laughed daily. This helps reinforce (加强) the benefits of humour on heart health.
Reduces Physical Pain
Let’s say we have a severe headache but are watching an extremely funny show. As we watch and laugh, we may become at least somewhat distracted (使分心) from the headache and discomfort. ____3____
Established mechanisms are operating internally to enhance our ability to resist pain. Naturally occurring hormones called endorphins, for example, get to work. Because we’re laughing up a storm, our body produces these natural painkillers.
____4____
Laughing offers another physical benefit: it can help us sleep better. In one small-scale study, residents at a long-term care hospital engaged in 40-minute laughter therapy sessions twice a week for four weeks. Their sleep quality improved during this time, as did their feelings of depression.
Combining laughter with yoga, called laughing yoga, has also been found to improve sleep quality and help us fall asleep faster. This form of yoga involves movements that make us want to laugh.
Boosts Immunity (免疫力)
Overall, extensive laughter supports the immune system, which makes us more resistant to disease. By laughing, we increase antibody-producing cells and enhance the effectiveness of T cells in our body. ____5____ Physicians and mental health professionals can use laughter to help patients achieve positive health outcomes.
A. Improves sleep.
B. Gets good relationships.
C. You may find it hard to stay humorous.
D. This is much like how our body responds to exercise.
E. These tiny things act like a defense army to fight illness
F. But the distraction alone isn’t what reduces our pain perception.
G. Moments of loud laughter also relieve tension in our muscles.
【答案】1. G 2. D 3. F 4. A 5. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。笑声是我们保持身体健康的战斗中经常被忽视的工具。我们不仅能从幽默中得到娱乐，而且还能增强我们的身心健康。
【1题详解】
由上文“At its most basic level, laughter affects our physical body. It enables us to take in more oxygenated air and stimulate our lungs.(从最基本的层面来说，笑会影响我们的身体。它能让我们吸入更多的含氧空气并刺激我们的肺部)”可知，这里阐述了笑对身体的一些基础影响。G选项Moments of loud laughter also relieve tension in our muscles.(大声笑的时刻也能缓解我们肌肉的紧张)符合语境，also表明与上文并列，进一步说明笑对身体的影响。故选G项。
【2题详解】
由上文“Laughter provides this benefit by increasing our heart rate and lowering our blood pressure.(笑通过提高我们的心率和降低血压来提供这种益处)”可知，这里说明笑对心脏健康的益处方式，D选项This is much like how our body responds to exercise.(这很像我们的身体对锻炼的反应)符合语境，This指代笑对心脏健康的益处方式，将其与身体对锻炼的反应作类比，符合逻辑。故选D项。
【3题详解】
由上文 “Let’s say we have a severe headache but are watching an extremely funny show. As we watch and laugh, we may become at least somewhat distracted from the headache and discomfort.(假设我们头痛得厉害，但正在看一场非常有趣的节目。当我们观看并大笑时，我们可能至少会从头痛和不适中稍微分心)”可知，这里说明看有趣节目大笑时会分心；下文“Established mechanisms are operating internally to enhance our ability to resist pain.(体内有既定的机制在运行，以增强我们抵抗疼痛的能力)”则表明还有其他因素减轻疼痛，F选项But the distraction alone isn’t what reduces our pain perception.(但仅仅分心并不能减轻我们对疼痛的感知)符合语境，but表转折，引出下文对减轻疼痛真正原因的阐述。故选F项。
【4题详解】
由下文“Laughing offers another physical benefit: it can help us sleep better.(笑提供了另一个身体上的好处：它可以帮助我们睡得更好)”可知，此段围绕笑能改善睡眠展开。A选项Improves sleep.(改善睡眠)作为小标题，准确概括了该段内容。故选A项。
【5题详解】
由上文“By laughing, we increase antibody - producing cells and enhance the effectiveness of T cells in our body.(通过笑，我们增加了产生抗体的细胞，并增强了我们体内 T 细胞的效力)”可知，这里说明了笑对免疫系统的积极影响。E选项These tiny things act like a defense army to fight illness.(这些微小的东西就像一支抵御疾病的防御部队)符合语境，其中These tiny things指代上文的antibody-producing cells和T cells，进一步阐述它们对抵抗疾病的作用。故选E项。
主题01 人与社会
Passage 1
（2026·湖南株洲·一模）
The first writing was invented in Babylon more than 5,000 years ago. ___1___ Soon after, people cut reeds (芦苇) to make dip-pens to use with ink.
Around 2,500 years ago, people started using the feather for writing. No one knows exactly who first had the idea. ___2___ They were the main writing tool until metal pens appeared.
In fact, the word “pen” comes from the Latin penna, meaning “feather”. ___3___ A writing feather has to be specially prepared. So how do feathers become pens
The first step is to collect a hard feather. Then take a sharp knife and cut the feathery part off, leaving just a bare tube. Slice the end off at an angle. At the same time, use a wire or long needle to clear the stuff inside the stick of the feather. ___4___ You still need to cut a small flat end across the pointed tip and cut a short slit (狭缝) in the end. As you press the pointed tip down on the paper, the slit opens slightly to let ink run down. Finally, curve the sides of the cut end and cut the end to a sharp point. A fresh feather pen is, therefore, ready for words. But users have to cut the pen many times a day, as the tip wears down during writing.
___5___ They don’t mind — they naturally drop their feathers, and grow new ones if any are pulled out to make pens.
A. You can’t just take a feather and dip it in ink.
B. It takes many years to develop a feather into a pen.
C. The feather is naturally empty inside for holding ink.
D. But feather pens became especially popular in Europe.
E. The last step is to decide where you collect the feathers.
F. People there used a little stick to press shapes into soft clay.
G. Most feather pens are made from the large flight feathers of birds.
【答案】1. F 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了羽毛笔的历史起源、制作工艺及其与鸟类羽毛的自然关系。
【1题详解】
前文“The first writing was invented in Babylon more than 5,000 years ago. (最早的书写方式是在约5000年前的巴比伦发明的。)”提到最早的书写方式发明的时间，后文“Soon after, people cut reeds (芦苇) to make dip-pens to use with ink. (不久之后，人们就割取芦苇来制作蘸墨笔，以便与墨水一起使用。)”指出之后书写方式的发展，空处应说明当时使用的具体书写工具，因此F项“People there used a little stick to press shapes into soft clay. (那里的人们用小棍子在软黏土上按压出形状。)”符合语境，介绍巴比伦人的书写方式，承接前文，和后文形成时间顺序上的衔接。故选F。
【2题详解】
前文“Around 2,500 years ago, people started using the feather for writing. No one knows exactly who first had the idea. (大约在2500年前，人们开始用羽毛来进行书写。没有人确切知道是谁最先产生了这个想法。)”提到人们开始用羽毛进行书写的背景，以及该想法源头不明，后文“They were the main writing tool until metal pens appeared. (在金属钢笔出现之前，它们一直是主要的书写工具。)”指出羽毛笔在一段时期内是主要的书写工具，空处需补充羽毛笔的流行情况，因此D项“But feather pens became especially popular in Europe. (但羽毛笔在欧洲变得特别流行。)”符合语境，和前文构成转折，引出后文的发展，其中的feather pens是后文They指代的对象。故选D。
【3题详解】
前文“In fact, the word “pen” comes from the Latin penna, meaning “feather”. (事实上，“pen”这个词源自拉丁语penna，其含义为“羽毛”。)”解释“pen”一词与羽毛相关，后文“A writing feather has to be specially prepared. (一支书写用的羽毛需要经过专门的处理。)”解释羽毛需特殊处理，空处应补充羽毛无法直接使用，因此A项“You can’t just take a feather and dip it in ink. (
