选择性必修第3册 UNIT 8　LITERATURE提高练--2027北师版高考英语第一轮(含答案与解析)

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2027北师版高考英语第一轮
UNIT 8　LITERATURE(二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(2025湖北武汉模拟)
It’s been quite a while since the world saw exactly how deadly these deep-sea voyages can be.On June 18,2023,the private submersible(潜水船) Titan carried five men on a mission to view the remains of the Titanic,which is about 400 miles off the coast of Newfoundland.The dive was expected to take a few hours and reach a depth of more than 12,000 feet.But 105 minutes after the Titan went down below the waves,it lost contact.
The U.S.and Canadian Coast Guards and the U.S.Navy were called in for a desperate search to rescue the passengers,only to discover the Titan had collapsed inward with no survivors.The disaster dominated global news for weeks,touching off debates:Are human-led deep-sea missions worth their risks and costs
On social media,some expressed sympathy,while others opposed the effort.Critics labeled the passengers “risk-takers” or “senseless”,and journalists strongly criticised the media focus on wealthy explorers instead of 700 drowned victims in the Aegean Sea.The obloquy continues today—I’ve been targeted myself.
For a decade,I’ve supported undersea exploration,arguing its importance.Critics object that remotely operated machines make human missions unnecessary.Why dive deep when we can study hidden secrets in high definition from safe offices
Yet I defend humanity’s drive to explore—the hands-on,unpredictable pursuit that sent us to the moon and across oceans.Without such exploration,scientists can’t confirm theories;nor can journalists share real stories.Through many attempts and mistakes,I’ve learned:To truly describe a subject,you must encounter it.Discovery requires being present.
The path to knowledge is challenging,filled with setbacks and failures.It’s costly and often unrewarding,but that’s exactly why it matters.Trying various approaches—even following uncertain clues—is crucial to discovery.We lose something vital if we abandon the courage to go deep.
1.What was the initial purpose of the Titan’s mission
A.To test an underwater vehicle.
B.To study undersea creatures.
C.To rescue Aegean Sea victims.
D.To observe the ruins of a ship.
2.What does the underlined word “obloquy” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.The occurrence of drowning.
B.The criticism from the society.
C.The debate among journalists.
D.The focus on wealthy explorers.
3.How does the author defend the value of deep-sea exploration
A.By quoting famous scientists.
B.By listing undersea discoveries.
C.By weighing the risks and significance.
D.By emphasizing its economic benefits.
4.What is essential for discovery according to the author
A.Media coverage.
B.Pure imagination.
C.Secured environment.
D.Direct involvement.
B(2025山东泰安二模)
Embodied intelligence(具身智能),a revolutionary concept in artificial intelligence(AI),challenges the traditional view that intelligence exists purely in algorithms(算法).Unlike conventional AI systems that process data in isolation,embodied AI interacts with the physical world through sensors and actuators,imitating how humans learn by integrating body and mind.
Research from MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory(CSAIL) reveals that robots with embodied intelligence outperform screen-bound AI in complex tasks.For example,a robot arm learning to pour water adjusts its movements based on tactile feedback—a process requiring continuous adaptation,which demonstrates how physical interaction enhances cognitive(认知) development in ways keyboard-based training cannot achieve.This “learning-by-doing” approach agrees with developmental psychology theories emphasizing the role of sensory experiences in human intelligence.
However,critics argue that embodied AI faces unique challenges.While digital AI can be trained on massive datasets,physical robots require costly real-world trials.A 2023 study in Nature Robotics found that an embodied AI system took 40% longer to master object recognition than its virtual counterpart,partly because environmental variables like lighting and friction(摩擦) introduced unpredictability.Hardware durability further complicates application;saltwater exposure reduces marine exploration robots’ lifespan by 60% compared to lab models.Additionally,ethical concerns emerge as these systems gain autonomy—should a self-driving car prioritize passenger safety or pedestrian lives in unavoidable crashes
Despite these disadvantages,industries are embracing embodied intelligence.Medical robots now assist surgeons by providing tactile(触觉的) feedback during operations,while agricultural drones analyze soil quality through aerial imaging and physical sampling.As Dr.Cynthia Breazeal,a pioneer in social robotics,observes:“True intelligence isn’t just about dealing with numbers;it’s about understanding and navigating the messy reality we live in.”
The future of AI may depend on bridging the gap between digital and physical gaps.Emerging technologies like neuromorphic computing,which imitates the brain’s neural structure,could enhance embodied systems’ real-time adaptability.For tasks demanding contextual awareness and adaptive problem-solving,embodied intelligence offers solutions that no screen can reproduce.
5.What can we know about embodied intelligence
A.Physical interaction enhances its cognitive efficiency.
B.Screen-bound AI outperforms it in adaptability.
C.It prioritizes algorithmic complexity.
D.It processes data in isolation.
6.What challenge does the 2023 study in Nature Robotics highlight for embodied intelligence
A.Timely tactile feedback.
B.Limited dataset accessibility.
C.Unpredictable environmental factors.
D.Too much reliance on virtual training.
7.Why is Cynthia Breazeal mentioned in the passage
A.To stress ethical concerns in AI.
B.To demonstrate the popularity of robots.
C.To clarify hardware durability challenges.
D.To prove the feature of embodied intelligence.
8.What is the attitude of the author to embodied intelligence
A.Indifferent. B.Objective.
C.Dismissive. D.Skeptical.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025江苏南京模拟)
Eminem,whose real name is Marshall Bruce,is one of the most influential figures in America.He 　9　 his reputation in the late 1990s with his first album “Slim Shady LP”.Eminem’s songs are often 　10　 by their fast-paced music style.
He had a poor childhood.His parents 　11　 when he was only six months old.Living with his mother,Eminem struggled with financial difficulties as a child,which was a constant source of 　12　 and uncertainty.They moved 　13　 between Kansas City and Detroit,where Eminem attended 20 different schools.Eminem grew up in poverty,　14　 welfare and free school lunch programs.He was bullied in school,which added to his feelings of anger.
Eminem lived in the “black neighborhood” of Detroit,where he 　15　 violence,drug dealing,and other 　16　 activities.He described seeing dead bodies in the street,which left a lasting impact on him.Despite the 　17　 environment,Detroit also provided the material for his musical 　18　.He participated in freestyle battles(即兴说唱) and rap scenes,which helped him develop his skills and gain 　19　.
Eminem’s growth was 　20　 by poverty,family instability,and 　21　 to violence,all of which he 　22　 into his music.His ability to transform his personal 　23　 into art has made him one of the most successful rappers in the world.
9.A.deserved B.established
C.maintained D.improved
10.A.characterized B.controlled
C.affected D.interpreted
11.A.died B.separated
C.disappeared D.quarreled
12.A.stress B.thrill
C.regret D.guilt
13.A.slowly B.frequently
C.smoothly D.regularly
14.A.taking on B.working on
C.acting on D.relying on
15.A.reported B.undertook
C.witnessed D.prevented
16.A.criminal B.daily
C.outdoor D.musical
17.A.unfamiliar B.awesome
C.stable D.tough
18.A.class B.tradition
C.career D.value
19.A.entry B.trust
C.independence D.recognition
20.A.suspended B.measured
C.marked D.limited
21.A.adaptation B.exposure
C.commitment D.solution
22.A.forced B.turned
C.channeled D.sliced
23.A.achievements B.struggles
C.feelings D.interests
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2025山东德州三模)
Beijing’s unique cultural identity attracted record tourists to new heights in 2024,most of whom 24.(drive) in part by the popularity of its newly listed UNESCO World Heritage Central Axis(轴).Following its 25.　　　　　　(include) on the world heritage list,visits rose significantly 26. the central axis becoming a must visit for both domestic and international tourists.
The Beijing Central Axis,27.　　　　　　(stretch) 7.8 kilometers from the Yongding Gate in the south to the Drum and Bell Towers in the north,was constructed based on ancient architectural philosophies 28.　　　　　　(shape) and define an ideal layout for a capital city then.The Central Axis dates back to the Yuan Dynasty,while its length was extended in the Ming and Qing dynasties.It is an epitome(缩影)of traditional city design,in 29. the central position is the emphasis,indicating the purpose of constructing social order and standardizing social life through the city layout.It is also the 30.　　　　　　(grand) and best preserved city central axis around the world,and a model for the development of a mature Chinese capital.
Although Beijing’s cultural heritage remained central to 31.　　　　　　(it) tourism appeal last year,previously visited as stand-alone sites,these landmarks now 32.　　　　　　(collective) draw crowds as part of the “Citywalk” experience,offering tourists 33.　　　　　　 new perspective on Beijing’s history and culture.
参考答案
UNIT 8　LITERATURE(二)
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。2023年6月18日,“泰坦” 号私人潜水船在前往查看泰坦尼克号残骸途中失联并导致乘客无一生还,这一灾难引发了关于人类主导的深海任务是否值得冒险和付出成本的辩论。作者认为尽管深海探索充满风险、代价高昂且可能没有回报,但通过权衡其风险与意义,肯定了人类探索的价值,强调亲身参与对于发现是至关重要的。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“On June 18,2023,the private submersible Titan carried five men on a mission to view the remains of the Titanic” 可知,“泰坦” 号此次任务的最初目的是查看一艘船(泰坦尼克号)的残骸。
2.B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Critics labeled the passengers ‘risk-takers’ or ‘senseless’,and journalists strongly criticised the media focus on wealthy explorers instead of 700 drowned victims in the Aegean Sea.The obloquy continues today—I’ve been targeted myself.” 可知,上文讲述了社会各界的批评,所以 “obloquy” 指的是社会的批评。
3.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Yet I defend humanity’s drive to explore—the hands-on,unpredictable pursuit that sent us to the moon and across oceans.Without such exploration,scientists can’t confirm theories;nor can journalists share real stories.”以及最后一段中的“The path to knowledge is challenging,filled with setbacks and failures.It’s costly and often unrewarding,but that’s exactly why it matters.” 可知,作者通过权衡深海探索的风险和其对科学家、记者等的重要意义来为其价值辩护。
4.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Through many attempts and mistakes,I’ve learned:To truly describe a subject,you must encounter it.Discovery requires being present.” 可知,作者认为对于发现来说,直接参与是至关重要的。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了具身智能的概念、优势与挑战,并探讨其应用前景及未来发展方向,呈现了客观分析的态度。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example,a robot arm learning to pour water adjusts its movements based on tactile feedback—a process requiring continuous adaptation,which demonstrates how physical interaction enhances cognitive development in ways keyboard-based training cannot achieve.”可知,身体互动能增强具身智能的认知效率。故选A项。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A 2023 study in Nature Robotics found that an embodied AI system took 40% longer to master object recognition than its virtual counterpart,partly because environmental variables like lighting and friction introduced unpredictability.”可知,2023年《自然·机器人学》上的一项研究强调了光照和摩擦等环境变量为具身智能带来了不可预测性,即具身智能面临的不可预测的环境因素这一挑战。故选C项。
7.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As Dr.Cynthia Breazeal,a pioneer in social robotics,observes:‘True intelligence isn’t just about dealing with numbers;it’s about understanding and navigating the messy reality we live in.’”可知,辛西娅·布雷泽尔博士强调真正的智能不仅仅是处理数字,而是理解和驾驭我们所生活的混乱现实,这正是具身智能的特征。由此推知,文中提到辛西娅·布雷泽尔是为了证明具身智能的特征。
8.B　推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章首先介绍了具身智能的概念及其相对于传统人工智能的优势,然后提到具身智能面临的独特挑战,如需要昂贵的现实世界试验、环境变量的不可预测性、硬件耐久性问题以及伦理问题等,接着提到具身智能在医疗、农业等行业的应用,最后提到具身智能的未来可能依赖于新兴技术来增强其适应性。作者在介绍具身智能时,既提到了其优势,也提到了其面临的挑战,没有表现出明显的偏见或倾向性。由此推知,作者以一种客观的态度对具身智能进行了介绍和分析。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了说唱歌手Eminem的成长经历、个人背景以及他如何将个人经历转化为音乐创作灵感,最终成为世界级说唱歌手的故事。
9.B　根据下文“his reputation in the late 1990s with his first album ‘Slim Shady LP’”可知,此处指Eminem凭借首张专辑“确立”了自己的声誉。
10.A　根据下文“by their fast-paced music style”可知,此处指Eminem的歌曲“以其快节奏的音乐风格为特征”。
11.B　根据下文“Living with his mother”可知,Eminem的母亲独自抚养他,由此可推断,此处指他的父母在他仅六个月大时就“分开”了。
12.A　根据上文“financial difficulties”可知,此处指经济困难给他带来“压力”。
13.B　根据下文“between Kansas City and Detroit,where Eminem attended 20 different schools”可知,Eminem上了20所不同的学校,由此可推断,此处指他们“频繁地”搬家。
14.D　take on承担;work on致力于;act on对……起作用;rely on依靠。根据下文“welfare and free school lunch programs”可知,此处指Eminem“依靠”福利救济和免费的学校午餐计划生活。
15.C　根据下文“He described seeing dead bodies in the street”可知,Eminem“目睹”了暴力、贩毒和其他犯罪活动。
16.A　根据上文“violence,drug dealing”可知,暴力、贩毒属于“犯罪”活动。
17.D　根据上文“violence,drug dealing,and other 　　　activities”可知,Eminem成长的环境“艰难”。
18.C　根据下文“He participated in freestyle battles and rap scenes”可知,Eminem参与了即兴说唱和说唱场景,由此可推断,此处指底特律为他的音乐“事业”提供了素材。
19.D　根据上文“He participated in freestyle battles and rap scenes”可知,Eminem通过参与即兴说唱和说唱场景发展技能,由此可推断,此处指他获得了“认可”。
20.C　根据下文“by poverty,family instability,and 　　　to violence”可知,此处指Eminem的成长“以贫困、家庭不稳定和接触暴力为标志”。
21.B　根据上文“he 　　　violence,drug dealing,and other 　　　activities”可知,Eminem目睹了暴力、贩毒和其他犯罪活动,由此可推断,此处指他“接触”到了暴力。
22.C　根据下文“into his music”可知,此处指Eminem“将贫困、家庭不稳定和接触暴力等经历融入”了他的音乐中。channel sth.into sth.为固定短语,意为“将……导入”,符合语境。
23.B　根据上文“He had a poor childhood.”以及“by poverty,family instability,and 　　　to violence”可知,Eminem成长经历艰难,由此可推断,此处指他将自己个人的“奋斗”转化为艺术。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年北京中轴线作为新的世界文化遗产,吸引了大量的游客,成为旅游热点。
24.were driven　考查动词的时态和语态。此处在定语从句中作谓语动词,主语为most of whom,为复数,与drive之间为被动关系,且根据时间状语in 2024可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填were driven。
25.inclusion　考查词性转换。此处作宾语,应用名词,故填inclusion。
26.with　考查介词。此处为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”,在句中作状语,故填with。
27.stretching　考查非谓语动词。此处作定语,修饰The Beijing Central Axis,The Beijing Central Axis与stretch之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词作定语,故填stretching。
28.to shape　考查非谓语动词。此处意为“其设计建设基于古代建筑理念的目的是塑造和定义当时理想的都城布局”,应用不定式作目的状语,故填to shape。
29.which　考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句,先行词为traditional city design,指物,定语从句中缺少介词in的宾语,应用which,此处in which引导定语从句,故填which。
30.grandest　考查形容词最高级。根据空前的定冠词the可知,此处应用形容词最高级作定语,修饰city central axis,故填grandest。
31.its　考查形容词性物主代词。此处意为“它的旅游吸引力”,指代“北京的”,故此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语,修饰tourism appeal,故填its。
32.collectively　考查词性转换。此处修饰动词draw,故应用副词作状语,故填collectively。
33.a　考查冠词。此处“perspective视角”为可数名词,且此处泛指“一个新的视角”,故应用不定冠词,new的读音以辅音音素开头,故应用不定冠词a。
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