安徽对口升学高考英语一轮复习拓展模块Unit 5 New Technologies in Everyday Life课件

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名称 安徽对口升学高考英语一轮复习拓展模块Unit 5 New Technologies in Everyday Life课件
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(共89张PPT)
拓展模块
Unit 5 New Technologies in Everyday Life
单元导读
本单元主要考查学生在讨论技术与生活的语境中,熟悉新科技常用的词汇和句 型,理解相关语言知识与生活常识,掌握表语从句的用法,在语境中熟练而准确 地使用;引导学生感知新技术为生活带来的变化,探索其积极意义,并激发学生 对新事物的探索精神。
知识精讲
精 讲 一  词 汇
1. advanced adj.先进的
【课文再现】
It is also one of the most advanced trains in the world in terms of speed,technology and comfort.在速度、技术和舒适度方面,它也是世界上最先进的火车之一。
【归纳拓展】
(1)advanced adj.高级的;先进的;(发展)晚期的;高龄的。如:
The ruling party carried out an advanced system in the whole country.执政党在全国推 行了一套先进的制度。
He is advanced in years.他年事已高。
(2)advance v.推进,促进;提出(建议、看法、理论等);提前;前进;发 展。其常用短语:in advance 在前面,预先。如:
The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Wednesday.会议日期已从 星期五提前到星期三。
【典型例题】
We want to make a decision as soon as possible,so we decide to     the meeting from Friday to Wednesday.
A. advance B. put off C. cancel D. start
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:我们想尽早作出决策,所以决定把会议从周五提前到周三。 advance表示“提前”,符合“想尽早作出决策”的逻辑;put off意为“推 迟”;cancel意为“取消”;start 意为“开始”。
【现学现练】
(1)If you want to get a good seat,you should book your ticket .
A. in advance B. by chance
C. at times D. in the moment
【解析】句意:如果你想有一个好位置,就应该提前订票。in advance提前,事 先;by chance偶然;at times有时,间或;in the moment在那一刻。
(2)The soldiers will toward the city at sunrise.
A. advance B. wait C. return D. listen
【解析】句意:士兵们将在日出时向这座城市进发。advance在这里作不及物动 词,译为“前进,推进”。wait等待;return返回;listen听。
A
A
2. imagine v.想象
【课文再现】
Can you imagine a tire that can repair itself when it is broken?你能想象一个轮胎坏 了能自我修复吗?
【归纳拓展】
(1)imagine v.想象;猜想;料想。其后可接宾语和补语。如:
We can hardly imagine life without electricity.我们简直不能想象没有电的生活。
The boy likes to imagine himself a flyer.那个男孩喜欢想象自己是一个飞行员。
(2)imaginative adj.富于想象力的;创新的;有创造力的。如:
You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach.你的方法必须更加灵 活,更富有想象力。
(3)imagination n.想象力;想象。如:
Science quickens man’s imagination.科学促进人类的想象力。
【典型例题】
When I was a child,I loved to     myself as a superhero.
A. imagine B. forget C. prevent D. remind
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:当我还是个孩子的时候,我喜欢把自己想象成超级英雄。 imagine sb.as...意为“把某人想象成……”。
【现学现练】
(1)Can you imagine without the Internet for a month?
A. live B. to live C. living D. to living
【解析】句意:你能想象一个月不使用互联网的生活吗?imagine后常接动名词 (短语)作宾语,表示“想象做某事”。
(2)My younger brother has a very rich .He can think of wonderful stories.
A. imagination B. information
C. invitation D. education
【解析】句意:我的弟弟想象力非常丰富。他能想出精彩的故事。“丰富的” (rich)以及“能想出精彩故事”,都指向想象力(imagination)。其他名词均 不符合题意。
C
A
3. cover v.行走(一段路程)
【课文再现】
It only takes a little more than 3 hours to cover the distance of over 1,000 kilometers. 行驶1 000多千米只需要花费3个多小时。
【归纳拓展】
(1)cover v.盖,覆盖(反义词expose);掩盖,掩饰;占(一片面积);包 括,涉及;行走(一段路程);给……保险;电视报道,报道。如:
The floods covered large areas on both banks of the river.洪水淹没了河两 岸大片地区。
Lies cannot cover up facts.谎言掩盖不了事实。
(2)cover n.覆盖物,盖子;套子;(书刊的)封面,封皮;避难所。如:
Her face was on the cover of every magazine.各种杂志的封面都有她的头像。
(3)常用的固定结构。
be covered with意为“盖满,被……覆盖”,是一个系表结构,表示处于某种状 态;be covered by意为“被……覆盖”,是被动语态,强调动作;be covered有时 接介词 in,用于描述情景,意为“被覆盖在……中”。如:
The road was covered with thick snow.路上覆盖着厚厚的积雪。
These are the areas that need to be covered by the writers.这些都是作者需要涵盖的 领域。
Look! Your shoes are covered in mud.瞧!你的鞋沾满了泥。
【典型例题】
The little girl     her face with her hands when she saw the scary movie.
A. covered B. opened C. washed D. touched
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:这个小女孩看恐怖电影时,用手捂住了脸。covered覆盖,遮 住;opened打开;washed清洗;touched触摸。
【现学现练】
(1)The of this magazine has a photo of a giant panda.
A. title B. sentence C. cover D. story
【解析】句意:这本杂志的封面上有一张大熊猫的照片。title标题;sentence句 子;cover封面,封皮;story故事。
(2)The reporter the successful launch of the Shenzhou-22 spacecraft on TV.
A. covered B. watched C. visited D. missed
【解析】句意:电视上,记者报道了神舟二十二号飞船的成功发射。cover报 道,覆盖;watch观看;visit拜访;miss错过,想念。
C
A
4. average adj.平均的
【课文再现】
It runs at an average speed of 300 kilometers per hour.它以平均每小时300千米的速 度运行。
【归纳拓展】
(1)average adj.平均的,通常的,正常的,平常的。如:
the average temperature 平均温度    the average man 普通人
(2)average n.平均数,一般水平,平均标准。其常用固定短语:on an/the average平均而言,一般说来。如:
His schoolwork is above/below average.他的学业成绩在中等以上/以下。
【典型例题】
According to the latest report,the     monthly temperature in China this summer hit a record high.
A. average B. common C. regular D. general
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:根据最新报道,今年夏天中国的平均月气温创下历史新高。 average平均的;common 常见的;regular有规律的;general大体的。
【现学现练】
(1)To fight against climate change,many countries are trying to reduce their carbon emissions (排放量) year by year.
A. average B. ordinary C. usual D. normal
【解析】句意:为应对气候变化,许多国家正努力逐年降低其平均碳排放量。 average carbon emissions 是环保议题中的常见术语,意为“平均碳排放量”。
(2)A recent study shows that teenagers now sleep less than eight hours , which may affect their health.
A. at first B. on average
C. at last D. for example
A
B
【解析】句意:最近的一项研究显示,青少年现在平均睡眠时间不足八小时,这 可能会影响他们的健康。on average平均而言;at first起初;at last最终;for example例如。
5. stretch v.伸展,舒展
【课文再现】
It is easier for you to stretch your legs.你更容易伸展你的双腿。
【归纳拓展】
(1)stretch vt.伸展;舒展;伸出;撑大;拉紧;滥用。如:
He stretched out his arm to take the book.他伸出手臂去拿书。
Transport was rather stretched at the Spring Festival.春节期间交通运输相当紧张。
(2)stretch vi.伸展;延伸;延续。如:
Rubber stretches easily.橡胶容易拉伸。
【典型例题】
Today’s smartphones have screens that can     ,making them both phones and small tablet computers.
A. stretch B. grow C. change D. open
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:如今的智能手机拥有可伸缩的屏幕,使其兼具手机和小型平板 电脑的功能。stretch伸展,拉开;grow生长;change改变;open打开。结合生活 常识可知,这里是指“折叠屏”或“伸缩屏”技术。
【现学现练】
(1)Before running,it’s important to your legs to avoid getting hurt.
A. cover B. wash C. stretch D. touch
【解析】句意:跑步前,拉伸腿部很重要,这样可以避免受伤。cover覆盖; wash清洗;stretch伸展,舒展;touch触碰。stretch your legs伸展腿部。
(2)This year’s flu season may from November     next March.
A. start;from B. stretch;to
C. last;in D. keep;until
【解析】句意:今年的流感季可能会从11月持续到明年3月。stretch from...to...表示“从……持续/延伸到……”。
C
B
6. advantage n.优点
【课文再现】
E-books have many advantages.电子书有很多优点。
【归纳拓展】
(1)advantage n.有利条件;优点;优势。如:
This school has many advantages.这所学校具有很多优点。
At the end of an hour’s play,the advantage lay definitely with him.经过一个小时的 比赛后,他已确定取得优势。
(2)反义词:disadvantage缺点。
【典型例题】
One big     of electric cars is that they produce no air pollution while driving.
A. chance B. advantage C. problem D. cost
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:电动汽车的一大优点是行驶时不会产生空气污染。chance机 会;advantage优点,好处;problem问题;cost成本。
【现学现练】
(1)One great of this kind of metal is that it doesn’t rust(生锈).
A. answer B. idea C. order D. advantage
【解析】句意:这种金属最大的一个优点是不生锈。answer答案,回答;idea想 法,主意;order秩序,命令;advantage优点,优势。
(2)To win the game,the Chinese team their speed and teamwork.
A. took advantage of B. made fun of
C. took care of D. made sure of
【解析】句意:为了赢得比赛,中国队利用了他们的速度和团队合作。took advantage of利用(优势);made fun of取笑;took care of照顾;made sure of确 保,保证。
D
A
7. admit v.承认
【课文再现】
We must admit that the Internet has greatly changed our life.我们必须承认互联网极 大地改变了我们的生活。
【归纳拓展】
admit v.
(1)表示“承认做了某事”,其后通常接动名词,但不接不定式。表示此义 时,有时也说admit to,此时的 admit为不及物动词,但该结构中的介词 to 常可省 略,省略介词后,admit为及物动词。如:
She admitted having seen us.她承认看到过我们。
(2)表示“允许进入,使能进入”,可指进入某一具体场所,也可指进入某一 组织、机构等。如:
This ticket admits one person only.此票只限一人进去。
(3)接纳;容纳。如:
Our hall admits 300 people.我们的大厅可以容纳三百个人。
【典型例题】
Facing stress,it’s brave to     you need help and talk to a teacher or friend.
A. forget B. admit C. refuse D. avoid
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:面对压力,承认你需要帮助并向老师或朋友倾诉是勇敢的。 forget忘记;admit承认(事实或感受);refuse拒绝;avoid避免。
【现学现练】
(1)He finally admitted the money,which made his parents very disappointed.
A. to steal B. stealing C. steal D. stolen
【解析】句意:他最终承认偷拿了钱,这让他的父母非常失望。admit doing sth.承认做了某事。
(2)This stadium is very large.It can up to 60,000 fans to watch the football match.
A. admit B. carry C. suggest D. invite
【解析】句意:这座体育场非常大。它最多能容纳6万名球迷观看足球比赛。 admit允许进入,容纳;carry携带;suggest建议;invite邀请。
B
A
8. launch v.创办,发起
【课文再现】
After that,Ms Nancy White,General Manager of WBS Tech,is going to launch a secret new product which will change the way of management.在那之后,WBS Tech 的总经理南希·怀特女士将推出一款神密的新产品,这将改变管理方式。
【归纳拓展】
(1)launch v.发射;发送;创办;(首次)上市;发行;发起;使……开始; 下水;进入;着手。其常用短语有launch a movement开展运动;launch sb.in/into business使某人进入商界。如:
We launched another satellite last month.我们上个月发射了另一颗卫星。
They are launching out into a series of scientific experiments.他们正在着手进行一系 列的科学试验。
(2)launch n.发射;(船)下水;(产品的)上市;(事件的)发起。如:
I saw the launch of the rocket yesterday.我昨天看了火箭发射。
【典型例题】
China successfully     a new satellite into space last week.
A. threw B. mixed C. launched D. flew
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:上周,中国成功地将一颗新卫星发射升空。threw投掷;mixed 混合;launched发射(航天器等);flew飞行。
【现学现练】
(1)The official date of the computer is in May.
A. look B. price C. launch D. store
【解析】句意:这款电脑正式的发行日期是在五月。此处launch作名词,表示 “(产品的)上市,发布”。
(2)To keep our city clean,the government has a new campaign against littering.
A. taken B. made C. found D. launched
【解析】句意:为了保持城市清洁,政府发起了一项新的反对乱扔垃圾的运动。 launch作动词时,表示“发起,开展(活动、计划等),发射,着手”。launch a campaign“发起一项运动”是常见搭配。
C
D
精 讲 二  短 语
9. suffer from患(某种病);受……之苦
【课文再现】
The Great Wall section in Xiakou,Gansu Province has suffered from serious damage over a long period of time.甘肃省峡口长城段长期遭受严重破坏。
【归纳拓展】
(1)suffer v.遭受,忍受。suffering n.痛苦,苦难。
(2)辨析suffer与suffer from。
①suffer后面可以接loss(损失),pain(疼痛),punishment(惩罚)等作 宾语。如:
He suffered great pain in his body for a long time.他长期遭受着身体上的剧痛。
②suffer from后面常接引起痛苦、疾病问题等长期困扰的原因。如:
A lot of students suffer from exam nerves.许多学生考试怯阵。
【典型例题】
During difficult times,many small businesses     heavy losses,and some even had to close.
A. suffered from B. suffered
C. came from D. kept from
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:在困难时期,许多小企业蒙受了严重损失,有些甚至不得不关 闭。suffer表为“遭受,蒙受(损失、痛苦等)”时,是及物动词,后直接接宾 语。suffer losses是常见搭配。suffer作不及物动词时,常搭配介词from,后接疾 病、问题等长期困扰的原因。
【现学现练】
(1)According to the report,millions of people around the world air pollution every year.
A. suffer B. protect C. stop D. suffer from
【解析】句意:该报告显示,全球每年有数百万人遭受空气污染的危害。suffer from意为“患(病);受……折磨”,后接造成痛苦的原因或疾病名称。suffer 作为及物动词时,后接的宾语通常是pain,loss等具体的痛苦、损失本身,而不 是原因。
(2)The small island country will more serious floods if sea levels keep rising.
A. stop from B. prevent from
C. suffer from D. make from
D
C
【解析】句意:如果海平面持续上升,这个小岛国将遭受更严重的洪灾。suffer from后接造成痛苦和问题的原因,符合句意。
10. look forward to盼望,期望
【课文再现】
We are looking forward to seeing you in Shanghai.我们期待在上海见到你。
【归纳拓展】
(1)look forward to意为“期待,盼望”,其中to是介词,后面接名词或动名 词,相当于expect to do sth.。如:
I look forward to being alone in the house.我盼望能独自待在这栋房子里。
(2)类似的含有介词to,后接名词、动词、动名词的常见短语如下:
get down to doing sth.着手处理某事,开始做某事
pay attention to (doing)sth.注意(做)某事
have an eye to doing sth.注意做某事
devote oneself to doing sth.=be devoted to doing sth.致力做某事;为做某事献身
stick to doing sth.坚持做某事
become/get/be used/accustomed to doing sth.习惯做某事
object to doing sth.反对做某事
take to doing sth.喜欢上做某事
【典型例题】
We are all     our summer vacation after this busy school year.
A. looking forward to B. looking after
C. looking up D. looking at
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:在忙碌的学年之后,我们都期待着暑假。looking forward to期 待,盼望;looking after照顾;looking up查阅;looking at看。
【现学现练】
(1)My grandma is video calls,so she can see her grandchildren more often.
A. getting used to B. paying attention to
C. looking forward to D. listening to
【解析】句意:我的奶奶习惯了视频通话,因此她能更常见到孙辈了。get used to意为“习惯”,其中to是介词,后接名词或动名词;pay attention to注意; look forward to期待;listen to听。根据句意可知,此处指习惯。
A
(2)The whole class have agreed to the “Clean Park” activity this weekend.
A. look forward to B. belong to
C. take part in D. pay for
【解析】句意:全班同学都同意参加本周末的“清洁公园”活动。look forward to期待;belong to属于;take part in参与,加入;pay for支付。根据句意和语境 可知,此处指参加活动。
C
11. reply to回复
【课文再现】
You can reply to this email to confirm whether you can attend the event before May 13th.您可以在5月13日之前回复此电子邮件以确认是否可以参加活动。
【归纳拓展】
(1)reply用作名词时,意为“回答,答复”,可引申为“答案”;当reply 表示“答复”,作不及物动词时,其后接宾语时应加介词to,即reply to sth./sb.。如:
He gave me no chance to reply to his question.他没有给我机会来回答他的问题。
She replied to me in a very rude manner.她以一种非常无礼的方式来答复我。
(2)reply作及物动词时,意为“回答说”,其后一般接that 从句、直接引语, 如果接名词,则是指回答出来的话,回答出来的内容,它不能表示“对……做回 答”“答复某人”“回……信”等。因此不能说reply me,reply my letter,reply my question等,而应说“reply to me that...”或“reply that...”。如:
He replied that no one would go.他回答说谁也不去。
I replied to her that I would accept her invitation.我回答她说我将接受她的邀请。
She had nothing to reply.她没有什么要回答的。
He did not know what to reply.他不知道该怎么回答。
(注意比较:He did not know what to reply to.他不知道该回答什么。)
【典型例题】
When you receive an important work email,you should     it in time.
A. ask for B. reply to C. talk about D. turn on
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:当你收到重要的工作电子邮件时,应及时回复。ask for请求; reply to回复(信件、消息等);talk about谈论;turn on打开(水、电等)。
【现学现练】
(1)Students need to the teacher’s questions actively in online classes.
A. speak to B. reply to
C. lead to D. belong to
【解析】句意:在线课堂上,学生需要积极回答老师的问题。speak to对…… 说;reply to回答,回复;lead to导致;belong to属于。
(2)Chinese Foreign Ministry has clearly the concerns raised by the international community.
A. replied to B. taken up
C. looked into D. insisted on
B
A
【解析】句意:中国外交部已明确回应了国际社会提出的关切。replied to (正 式地)答复、回应(问题、关切等);taken up开始从事,占据;looked into调 查;insisted on坚持。
12. carry out执行,实行
【课文再现】
It carries out the fastest railway service.它提供最快的铁路服务。
【归纳拓展】
(1)carry out执行;实行;贯彻;实现,完成。carry out sth.=carry sth.out表示 执行某项规定或者法令。如:
He will carry out his plan.他要执行他的计划。
Carry out a new policy.实行一项新政策。
(2)其他常见的固定短语。
carry out a contract 执行合同,履行合约
carry out a medical examination 进行体格检查
carry out a promise 履行诺言,遵守诺言
carry on (继续)进行、进行下去(强调坚持)
carry on to do继续去做另一件事,carry on doing继续做同一件事
carry on (with) one’s work继续做某人的工作
carry on a struggle/fight 开展斗争
【典型例题】
The space station astronauts will     a series of science experiments next week.
A. carry out B. carry on
C. give up D. look for
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:空间站的航天员将于下周执行一系列科学实验。carry out执 行,实施(计划、任务、实验等);carry on意为“继续”,其后通常接具体活 动或with sth.,强调在中断后继续进行,不用于首次执行一项具体计划或任务; give up放弃;look for寻找。
【现学现练】
(1)Even when facing difficulties,we must and finish the project together.
A. carry out B. carry on
C. take out D. turn on
【解析】句意:即使当(我们)面对困难时,我们也必须坚持下去,共同完成这 个项目。carry out强调执行一个具体任务;carry on 表示“继续(进行)”; take out取出;turn on打开。
B
(2)The volunteers decided to the clean-up activity despite(尽管) the rainy weather.
A. carry on with B. give in to
C. look forward to D. take care of
【解析】句意:尽管下着雨,志愿者们决定继续进行清理活动。carry on with 表 示“继续(做某事)”,后接名词、代词或动名词;give in to屈服于;look forward to期待;take care of照顾。
A
精 讲 三  句 型
13. Here are the top five countries offering the fastest railway service.以下是提供最 快铁路服务的五个国家。
【归纳拓展】
(1)offering the fastest railway service是现在分词短语作后置定语,是定语从句 省略引导词that或which,由于先行词the top five countries与动词offer之间是主动 关系,省略了引导词后,用现在分词作后置定语。现在分词作定语,被修饰的名 词一定是分词的逻辑主语。单个现在分词作定语通常位于名词前,现在分词短语 作定语通常为后置定语。如:
a falling leaf一片正在落下的树叶    the boys swimming in the river 在河里游 泳的男孩们
(2)动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别。
①动名词作定语必须位于名词之前。动名词表示被修饰名词的用途或分类,或者 说被修饰名词是动名词动作的场所或工具,它们之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 如a sewing machine,a meeting room,a fishing rod等。
②现在分词作定语表示主动关系,当表示该动作正在进行,或与主句动作同时发 生,或表示经常性行为时,用现在分词作定语。如:
The girl standing there is my sister.站在那里的女孩是我妹妹/姐姐。
【注意】①分词短语作后置定语时可以改成定语从句。如:
The girl standing there is my sister.→The girl who is standing there is my sister.站在 那里的女孩是我的妹妹/姐姐。
②如果名词与作定语的动词之间为被动关系,则定语有下列三种形式:
a.如果动作已发生或表示经常性行为,用过去分词。如:
The house built is mine.建造的房子是我的。
b.如果动作正在进行,用being done。如:
The house being built is mine.正在建造的房子是我的。
c.如果动作未发生,用to be done。如:
The house to be built is mine.将要建造的房子是我的。
【典型例题】
The astronauts     on the space station will return to the earth next month.
A. worked B. working C. to work D. work
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:在空间站工作的航天员将于下个月返回地球。现在分词作后置 定语,表示主动和进行,the astronauts与work之间是主动关系,故用work的现 在分词形式working。
【现学现练】
(1)The problems by this new software are mostly about data safety.
A. to solve B. solving C. solved D. solve
【解析】句意:被这款新软件解决的问题大多与数据安全有关。过去分词作后置 定语,表示被动和完成。The problems与solve之间是被动关系(问题被解决), 故用solve的过去分词形式solved。
(2)We should give more care to the children in poor areas.
A. live B. lived C. to live D. living
【解析】句意:我们应该给予生活在贫困地区的儿童更多关爱。现在分词作后置 定语,表示主动和进行。the children与live之间是主动关系,故用live的现在分词 形式living。
C
D
14. You go around and put whatever you want in your shopping cart.你到处走走,把 你想要的东西放进你的购物车。
【归纳拓展】
(1)特殊疑问词+ever=no matter+特殊疑问词。no matter+特殊疑问代词 what/which/who/whom/whose,no matter+特殊疑问副词when/where/how;no matter+连词whether,此类结构只能引导让步状语从句,位置灵活,放在主句前 后皆可。
(2)no matter whether引导让步状语从句,whether在从句中不充当句子成分,只 起引导作用,但是有词义,其汉语意思为“无论是否……”。如:
No matter whether he had been invited or not,he was there to celebrate Jim’s birthday.无论他是否被邀请,他都在那里庆祝吉姆的生日。
Mary always gets to school on time,no matter whether it rains or winds.不管下雨还 是刮风,玛丽总是准时到校。
(3)no matter what引导让步状语从句,意为“无论什么”。what 在从句中充当 主语、宾语或表语。如:
No matter what happened,he would not say a word.不管发生什么事,他一句话也 不说。(what 在从句中作主语)
No matter what you want to be in the future,you must work hard now.不管你将来想 成为什么样的人,你现在必须努力工作。(what在从句中作表语)
(4)no matter who/whom引导让步状语从句,意为“无论是谁”,who在让步状 语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,而whom在从句中只作宾语和表语。如:
No matter who/whom you are,you have no right to do that.无论你是谁,你都无权 这样做。(who/whom在从句中作表语)
(5)no matter which+名词,意为“无论哪一个”,no matter whose+名词,意 为“无论谁的……”。在它们引导的让步状语从句中,which既可单独使用,其 后也可以接名词,whose 后面只能接名词。两者都可作从句的主语、 宾语或表 语。如:
No matter which job you choose,you must take it seriously.无论你选择哪一份工 作,你都必须认真对待。
【注意】no matter which=whichever;no matter whose=whosever。
(6)no matter when/where/how意为“无论什么时候/无论在哪里/无论怎样”,在 让步状语从句中充当时间/地点/方式状语,既起引导作用,又有词义。如:
No matter when my motherland needs me,I will devote myself to it without hesitation.无论我的祖国何时需要我,我都会毫不犹豫地为祖国奉献。
He was always busy working no matter when I visited him.无论我何时拜访他,他总 是忙于工作。
I will carry it out no matter how hard it may be.无论它可能有多么困难,我 都会执行。
【注意】no matter when=whenever;no matter where=wherever;no matter how= however。
(7)注意事项。
①在no matter what 引导的让步状语从句中,有时可以省略be动词或者不及物动 词。(no matter who/how后面偶尔也有省略)。如:
I’ve decided to leave tomorrow,no matter what (happens).不管发生什么事,我 已决定明天走。
No matter who(it is),anyone can point out our shortcomings.不管是谁,任何人 都可以指出我们的缺点。
②No matter how与No matter what 的区别。
No matter how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。
No matter how+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语。
No matter what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语。
No matter what+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语。如:
He goes to swim in the lake no matter how cold the weather is.不管天气多冷,他都 去湖里游泳。
You can’t succeed without efforts no matter what a clever person you are.不管你是一 个多么聪明的人,不努力你是不可能成功的。
【典型例题】
The warriors were determined to defend their homeland,       difficult it was.
A. no matter which B. no matter
C. no matter what D. no matter how
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:战士们决定不管多困难也要保卫祖国。根据句意可知,后句作 前句的让步状语,no matter意为“无论……”,且从句中的表语difficult为形容 词,应用how修饰。no matter how无论怎样……。
【现学现练】
(1)The students are discussing they can do to help reduce plastic waste at school.
A. which B. whatever C. what D. why
【解析】句意:学生们正在讨论他们能做些什么来帮助减少学校里的塑料垃圾。 分析可知,从句中的do缺少宾语,表示“什么(事情)”,因此用连接代词 what。
(2) you meet online,you should not share your personal information easily.
A. Whoever B. Who C. What D. Whose
【解析】句意:无论你在网上遇到谁,你都不应该轻易分享个人信息。whoever 引导让步状语从句,意为“无论谁”。
C
A
15. When it finds that there is something wrong with the train,the system can give an alarm and slow down or even stop the train.当它发现列车有问题时,系统会发出警 报,使列车减速,甚至停车。
【归纳拓展】
when引导的时间状语从句的常见用法。
(1)当主句和从句的动作在过去同时发生时,有以下两种情况:
①主从句时态都用一般过去时(两个动作都是非延续性动作)。如:
When I entered the door,I saw an old man.当我进门的时候,我看到了一 个老年人。
②主句时态用过去进行时(动作是延续性的),从句时态用一般过去时(动作是 非延续性的)。如:
When I got home,my mother was cooking.当我到家的时候,我的妈妈正在煮饭。
(2)当主句和从句的动作在过去先后发生时,通常主句时态用过去完成时(前 一个动作),从句时态用一般过去时(后一个动作)。如:
When I arrived at the classroom, the teacher had been in class for 10 minutes.当我到 达教
室的时候,老师已经上课10分钟了。
(3)当主句和从句的动作在将来同时发生,主从句的时态应遵循“主将从现” 的原则,即主句时态用一般将来时,谓语用“will+动词原形”或“情态动词+ 动词原形”,主句也有可能是祈使句;从句时态用一般现在时表示将来。如:
I will visit you when I go to England for my holiday.当我去英国度假时,我会去拜 访你的。
【典型例题】
     I was running in the park yesterday,I met my old classmate.
A. Until B. Whenever C. Since D. While
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:当我昨天在公园里跑步时,我遇到了我的老同学。while强调 “在某个持续动作或状态的过程中”,通常与进行时态连用。
【现学现练】
(1)We must take action to protect the environment it’s too late.
A. while B. before C. when D. after
【解析】句意:我们必须采取行动保护环境,以免为时过晚。before it is too late 意为“趁早,趁现在”,是固定表达。
(2)I will call you I arrive at the airport.
A. though B. when C. since D. while
【解析】句意:当我到达机场的时候,我会打电话给你。though尽管; when当……的时候;since由于,自从……;while当……的时候,然而。 根据句意及题干可知,此处应用when引导时间状语从句,句子时态遵循 “主将从现”的原则。
B
B
16. The reason why she thinks so is that online shopping has become an important part of people’s life.她之所以这么认为,是因为网购已经成为人 们生活的重要组成部分。
【归纳拓展】
(1)the reason why...是一个典型的定语从句句式,后面是why引导的定语从 句,修饰先行词the reason。在定语从句中,除关系词that,which,who等可以作 从句的主语或者宾语之外,如果关系词是where/in which,when/on which, why/for which等,去掉关系词后面的从句也可以单独成句。如:
The reason why he was late is that he didn’t catch the early bus.他迟到的原因是他没 有赶上早班公交车。(从句中he was late是一个完整的句子)
(2)the reason that...这里先行词充当定语从句中的主语或者宾语等名词成分, 去掉关系词后面的从句不能单独成句。如:
The reason that he gave is lame.他给出的理由站不住脚。(从句中he gave,不能单 独成句,因为give是一个及物动词,其后需要加宾语,而这里的宾语应该是The reason)
(3)the reason why 和 the reason that区别。
①如果the reason在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则关系词应该用that。如果the reason在定语从句中作状语,则关系词应该用why。
②the reason that后接具体原因,也可认为是同位语从句。如:
The reason that he was ill yesterday is such a bad excuse.他昨天生病的理由真是一个 糟糕的借口。
③当the reason在后面句子中作主语或宾语时,定语从句可以用that或which引导, 作宾语时可以省略关系词。如:
The reason that/which he gave for his lateness was that he didn’t catch the first bus.他 迟到的原因是没有赶上第一班公交车。(the reason作gove的宾语)
④the reason why后接对这个理由的修饰,或者是现在需要解释的一个状况。如:
The reason why he was late is that he was ill.他迟到的原因是他生病了。(why引导 定语从句)
He didn’t explain the reason why he was late this morning.他没有解释他今天早上迟 到的原因。(why引导定语从句)
【典型例题】
The main reason     the school has new rules about mobile phones is to help students focus in class.
A. because B. what C. why D. for
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:学校出台针对手机的新规定主要是为了帮助学生在课堂上集中 注意力。空后是一个完整的句子,且解释了“原因”的具体内容,应用关系副词 why引导定语从句,修饰先行词the main reason。
【现学现练】
(1)The main for his success is his hard work and perseverance.
A. problem B. suggestion
C. reason D. matter
【解析】句意:他成功的主要原因是他的努力工作和坚持不懈。problem问题; suggestion建议;reason理由,原因;matter问题,事情。根据句意可知,空处 指原因。
(2)The why he was late for school was that his bike broke down on the way.
A. result B. fact C. trouble D. reason
C
D
【解析】句意:他上学迟到的原因是他的自行车在路上出故障了。result结果; fact事实;trouble麻烦,问题;reason原因。分析可知,the reason why是一个定 语从句,先行词是the reason,why引导定语从句,且在从句中充当原因状语, 可用于这个结构的名词只有reason。
语法聚焦
Predicative clauses(表语从句)
一、表语从句的定义
  在句子中充当表语作用的句子叫作表语从句,位于连系动词之后。表语从句 要用陈述语序。
二、连接表语从句的连系动词
1. be动词。
2. 感官动词,如feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell等。
3. 维持状态的动词,如stand,lie,remain,keep,stay等。
4. 表示变化的动词,如become,get,grow,turn,go,come,fall等。
5. 表示证明的动词,如prove,turn out等。
三、连接表语从句的引导词
1. that,whether,as if,as though。
2. 连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever, whichever。
3. 连接副词when,where,why,how。
4. 具体的用法。
(1)由that引导。
①表语从句中的that通常不省略。如:
The fact is that he doesn’t really try.事实是他没有真的尝试。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
②在that引导的表语从句中,当主句中的主语是suggestion,proposal,idea, motion,order,plan,impossibility,possibility等名词时,从句的谓语应用 “should+动词原形”,should可以省略。 如:
His suggestion was that everyone should have a map.他的建议是每个人都应该有一 张地图。
My idea is that the electronic device should be tested at once.我的意见是这个电子设 备要立即测试。
(2)由whether引导。
whether可引导表语从句,但if不可引导表语从句。如:
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.问题是这部电影是否值得看。
(3)由because引导。
①其结构通常为“That/This/It is because...”。如:
It is because I like it too much.那是因为我太喜欢它了。
That’s because you can’t appreciate music.那是因为你不会欣赏音乐。
②对比:because引导的表语从句强调原因,why引导的表语从句强调结果,其结 构通常为“That/This/It is why...”。如:
He was ill.That’s why he was sent to the hospital.他病了。那就是他为什么被送去 医院。
He was sent to the hospital.That’s because he was ill.他被送到医院。那是因为他生 病了。
③reason作主语时,用that引导,不能用why/because引导。其结构通常为“The reason is that.../The reason (why.../for...)is that...”。如:
The reason was that you don’t trust her.原因是你不信任她。
(4)由as,as if,as though引导。
as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中陈述的事情很有可能 实现,也可用陈述语气。如:
It was as though she had known Mary for years.似乎她认识玛丽已有好多年了。
Things were not as they seemed to be.情况并不是它们看上去的那个样子。
It looks as if it is/were going to rain.看起来天要下雨。(as if 引导的表语从句有时 也可用虚拟语气,表示可能性小)
(5)由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever, whichever引导,连接代词在表语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如:
You are not who I thought you were.你已不是我过去所认为的你了。
What I want to know is which road we should take.我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。
(6)由连接副词where,when,how,why引导,连接副词在表语从句中作状 语。如:
The problem is how we can find him.问题是我们如何找到他。
That’s where you are wrong.这就是你不对的地方。
变式练习
单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填在题 前括号里)
A. What;that B. That;what
C. What;how D. That;that
【解析】句意:我们现在需要做的是减少日常生活中塑料袋的使用。第一个空, 主语部分缺少一个既引导主语从句又在从句中充当do的宾语的词,因此用What (=the thing that);第二个空,be动词is后是一个结构和语义均完整的从句, 因此用that引导该表语从句。
A
A. that B. what C. how D. why
【解析】句意:关于人工智能的一个主要担忧是未来它可能会取代一些人的工 作。系动词is后面是一个完整的表语从句,不缺成分,故用that引导,说明“担 忧”的内容。
A
A. why B. where C. what D. how
【解析】句意:你说每个人都不应该是平等的。这正是我不同意你的地方。 disagree为不及物动词,其后不能接宾语。根据题意可知,设空处只能用where 引导表语从句。
A. that B. what C. whether D. /
【解析】句意:我想知道的是他是否喜欢我们送给他的礼物。根据句意可知,此 处表示“是否”,应用whether来引导该表语从句。
B
C
A. why B. because C. who D. whom
【解析】句意:——我感觉好累。——我认为这是因为你跑得太快了。分析可 知,空处引导表语从句,且从句中缺少原因状语,故应用because引导该从句。
B
学以致用
一、单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填 在题前括号里)
A. that;which B. what;that
C. that;what D. why;which
【解析】句意:人工智能的一个关键优势是它能快速分析海量数据,这对科学家 们的研究很有帮助。第一个空,is后面是一个完整的陈述句,句意完整且不缺成 分,故用that引导该表语从句,陈述“优势”的具体内容;第二个空,逗号后面 是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,应用关系代词which引导该定语 从句。
A
A. living;of B. lived;with
C. to live;for D. live;about
【解析】句意:在天宫空间站生活的航天员们正在进行对未来的太空探索具有重 大价值的实验。第一个空,应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰astronauts,且其 与astronauts之间是主动、进行的关系,因此用现在分词living;第二个空,of great value是一个固定短语,译为“很有价值的”,在句中作后置定语,修饰 experiments。
A
A. As long as B. Even if
C. In order that D. As soon as
【解析】句意:即使我给我的手机充一整晚的电,它仍然不工作。A项意为“只 要”;B项意为“即使”;C项意为“为了”;D项意为“一……就……”。根 据句意可知,B项符合题意。
A. make B. made C. making D. to make
【解析】句意:她承认在考试中犯了一个错误。admit doing sth.承认做某事。
B
C
A. take up B. show up
C. make up D. give up
【解析】句意:她答应来参加聚会的,但她最后没有出现。take up占据;show up出现;make up编造;give up放弃。根据句意可知,此处指出现。
B
二、阅读理解(根据短文内容,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意 的最佳选项填在题前括号里)
5G technology has made big changes to our pared with older networks,it sends data much faster.
With 5G,downloading big files or watching clear videos is very quick and smooth—no pauses.In smart cities,5G lets small devices talk to each other right away,which helps control traffic better.In medicine,doctors can do precise surgery from far away more easily.Also,5G helps more devices connect and work together well (this is called the Internet of Things).
5G is also changing fun things.For example,AR and VR (which let you feel like you’re in a different place) now work better and don’t have delays.This makes games and shows more interesting.In school,5G lets students have good video classes and talk with teachers right away,even if they are far apart.
But some people worry that 5G’s radiation(辐射) might be bad for health.Still,the good things 5G brings to many jobs and our daily lives are very clear.In the next few years,more 5G tools will come out.This will help make new things and make the economy grow.In factories,5G makes smart factories work better—they can make things faster,save money,and make production smoother.
A. It sends data slower. B. It sends data faster.
C. It can’t connect many things. D. It costs a lot of money.
【解析】根据第一段中“Compared with older networks,it sends data much faster.”可知,5G的一大优点是传输数据更快。
A. In smart cities. B. In countryside areas.
C. In small towns. D. In villages.
【解析】根据“In smart cities,5G lets small devices talk to each other right away,which helps control traffic better.”可知,5G在智慧城市里 帮助管理交通。
B
A
A. It destroys animals’ homes.
B. 5G’s radiation is bad for health.
C. It stops radio telescopes working.
D. It breaks satellite navigation(导航).
【解析】根据“But some people worry that 5G’s radiation might be bad for health.”可知,有些人担心5G产生的辐射影响健康。
B
A. It makes work slower.
B. It makes costs higher.
C. It makes production smoother.
D. It stops factories from being smart.
【解析】根据最后一段中“In factories,5G makes smart factories work better— they can make things faster,save money,and make production smoother.”可 知,5G能让工厂的生产更顺畅。
C
A. The Bad Things About 5G B. How 5G Changes Our Lives
C. What the Internet of Things is D. How Smart Cities Grow
【解析】通读全文可知,文章讲了5G给生活、交通、医疗、娱乐、教育、工厂 等多个方面带来的改变,B项“5G如何改变我们的生活”最适合作为文章标题。
B
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