安徽对口升学高考英语一轮复习拓展模块Unit 4 Corporate Culture课件

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名称 安徽对口升学高考英语一轮复习拓展模块Unit 4 Corporate Culture课件
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(共83张PPT)
拓展模块
Unit 4 Corporate Culture
单元导读
本单元主要考查表达赞成和反对,以及关于如何选择合适的产品,了解企业文化 并学习写商务邀请函,明白企业文化对于塑造一个公司的重要性,并熟练运用主 语从句和宾语从句。
知识精讲
精 讲 一  词 汇
1. influence n.&v.影响
【课文再现】
It is true that the location,construction and decoration of the workplace have influence on the values and behaviors of people who work there.工作场所的位置、建 筑和装饰确实影响着在那里工作的人们的价值观和行为。
【归纳拓展】
(1)have (an) influence on意为“对……有影响”。同义表达:have (an) effect on。
(2)同义词affect与influence辨析。
affect侧重指一时的“影响”或不好的“影响”,而influence往往指对行为、性 格、观点等较长时间的潜移默化的“影响”。如:
His opinion will not affect my decision.他的意见不会影响我的决定。
We are easily influenced by our parents.我们很容易受到我们的父母的影响。
Smoking has a great effect on our health.吸烟对我们的健康有极大的影响。
【典型例题】
My parents have a great influence     my study habits.
A. at B. for C. on D. to
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:我的父母对我的学习习惯有很大影响。have a(n)... influence on对……有……影响。
【现学现练】
(1)The heavy rain our picnic plans,so we had to cancel them.
A. affected B. impacts
C. influences D. effected
【解析】句意:大雨影响了我们的野餐计划,所以我们不得不取消它。affected 意为“影响”,通常指直接的、暂时性的影响(常为负面的);impacts意为 “冲击,影响”;influences通常指长期的、潜移默化的影响;effected意为“实 现,引起”。根据后半句时态可知,此处应用一般过去时。
(2)The teacher’s encouragement had a very good on the students.
A. influences B. effect C. affect D. effort
【解析】句意:老师的鼓励对学生产生了非常好的影响。had a (n)...effect/influence on...对……有……影响。
A
B
2. achieve v.实现,获取
【课文再现】
BYD believes true greatness can be achieved by going forward and aiming high.比亚 迪相信,真正的伟大可以通过勇往直前和志存高远来实现。
【归纳拓展】
achievement n.完成,成就。常用短语:achieve one’s goal达成目标;achieve nothing一事无成;a sense of achievement成就感。如:
The Great Wall is a great achievement of Chinese people.长城是中国人民的一项伟大 成就。
He will do everything in order to achieve his goal.为了实现他的目标,他会 拼尽全力。
【典型例题】
He studied very hard every day to     his dream of becoming a doctor.
A. celebrate B. decorate C. boost D. achieve
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:他每天努力学习以实现他成为医生的梦想。celebrate庆祝; decorate装饰;boost促进,提高;achieve实现(目标、梦想)。
【现学现练】
(1)She felt proud of her in the English competition.
A. agreements B. achievements
C. amusements D. advertisements
【解析】句意:她为自己的在英语竞赛中取得的成就感到自豪。agreements协 议,同意;achievements成就,成绩;amusements娱乐,消遣;advertisements 广告。
(2)Winning the school basketball game brought him a sense of .
A. achievement B. humor
C. justice D. belonging
B
A
【解析】句意:赢得学校篮球赛给他带来了一种成就感。a sense of achievement 成就感;a sense of humor幽默感;a sense of justice正义感;a sense of belonging 归属感。
3. impress v.给……留下深刻印象,使钦佩
【课文再现】
Staying at the Garden Hotel impressed me most.住在花园酒店给我的印象最深。
【归纳拓展】
(1)相关词汇。
impression n.印象;impressive adj.给人印象深刻的,令人敬佩的;impressed adj. 钦佩的,印象深刻的;impress v.使留下深刻印象。
(2)相关短语。
impress sth.on sb./impress sb.with sth.使某人对某事印象深刻;be impressed with/by对……钦佩/印象深刻;be impressed on深印在……;leave/make a deep impression on...给……留下深刻印象。如:
I was deeply impressed by/with his handwriting.我对他的书法印象深刻。
This lesson is deeply impressed on my mind.这个教训深深地印在我的脑海里。
She made a good impression on the teacher.她给那个老师留下了很好的印象。
【典型例题】
His excellent performance impressed the teacher     his talent.
A. on B. at C. with D. by
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:他出色的表演使老师对他的才华印象深刻。impress sb.with sth.使某人对某事印象深刻。
【现学现练】
(1)I was deeply by the beautiful scenery of the mountains.
A. impressing B. impressed
C. impression D. impressive
【解析】句意:群山的美丽景色给我留下了深刻印象。be impressed by意为 “对……印象深刻”。
(2)The young artist’s painting made a deep on everyone at the show.
A. companion B. impression
C. profession D. admission
【解析】句意:这名年轻艺术家的画给展览上的每个人留下了深刻印象。 companion同伴;impression印象;profession职业;admission承认,入场许可。 make a(n)... impression on给……留下……印象。
B
B
4. invest v.投资
【课文再现】
We have invested a lot in technology and actively taken part in the development of the Internet industry.我们在技术上投入了大量资金,积极参与互联网产业的发展。
【归纳拓展】
investment n.投资;investor n.投资者;invest in投资于;invest sb./sth.with sth.把 某人/某物赋予某物,使某人/某物具备某种性质;invest sth./in sth./in doing sth. 投入时间、精力等/做某事。如:
This country needs investment in education.这个国家需要对教育进行投资。
Now it is not a good time to invest in the real estate market.现在不是一个对房产市场 进行投资的好时机。
【典型例题】
The new job invested him     more power to make decisions.
A. on B. at
C. with D. by
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:新工作赋予他更多的决策权。invest sb.with sth.赋予某人某物 (如权力、责任等)。
【现学现练】
(1)He decided to invest all his money starting his own business.
A. in B. on C. with D. for
【解析】句意:他决定把所有的钱投资于开创自己的事业。invest...in doing sth.意为“投资(时间、金钱、精力等)做某事”,是固定搭配。
(2)The small company is looking for to provide money for its new project.
A. actors B. investors
C. visitors D. inventors
【解析】句意:这家小公司正在寻找投资者为其新项目提供资金。actors意为 “演员”;investors意为“投资者”;visitors意为“游客,访客”;inventors意 为“发明家”。
A
B
5. purpose n.目的
【课文再现】
If the vision statement shows the company’s purpose,the values will tell employees how to achieve it.如果愿景宣言显示了公司的目标,那么价值观会告诉员工们如 何实现它。
【归纳拓展】
on purpose故意地;for the purpose of为了……。同义词:aim,goal。如:
What’s your goal/aim/purpose in life?你的人生目标是什么?
I’m sure he didn’t do it on purpose.我确定他不是故意这么做的。
He came here for the purpose of borrowing money from you.他来这儿是为 了向你借钱。
【典型例题】
The main     of this activity is to raise money for the library.
A. position B. protection
C. problem D. purpose
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:这次活动的主要目的是为图书馆筹款。position意为“位置,职 位”;protection意为“保护”;problem意为“问题”;purpose意为“目 的”。
【现学现练】
(1)We need to save money the purpose of buying a new car.
A. on B. for C. by D. in
【解析】句意:我们需要为了买一辆新车而省钱。for the purpose of为了……。
(2)He broke the window .He wanted to scare the cat away.
A. on purpose B. for purpose
C. in purpose D. with purpose
【解析】句意:他故意打破了窗户。他想把猫吓跑。on purpose故意地。
B
A
6. learn v.学习,得知
【课文再现】
You can go to our website to learn more about the fair and register.你可以去我们的网 站了解更多关于展会的信息并注册。
【归纳拓展】
learn from向……学习;learn about了解,学习;learn of听说,获悉;learn by oneself自学。
【典型例题】
One should     failures so as to do better next time.
A. suffer from B. take off
C. learn from D. put off
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:一个人应该从失败中学习,以便下次做得更好。suffer from意为 “遭受(痛苦、疾病等)”;take off意为“脱下(衣物),(飞机)起飞”; learn from意为“从……中学习”;put off意为“推迟”。
【现学现练】
(1)People can easily other cultures by watching videos online.
A. learn about B. learn on
C. learn of D. learn by themselves
【解析】句意:人们可以通过观看在线视频轻松地了解其他文化。learn about意 为“了解,学习关于……的知识”;learn on不是固定搭配;learn of意为“获 悉,听说(消息)”;learn by themselves意为“自学”。
(2)She how to cook by watching online tutorials(教程).
A. learned of B. learned about
C. learned D. learned from
【解析】句意:她通过观看在线教程学会了做饭。learn how to do sth.是固定搭 配,表示“学习如何做某事”。
A
C
7. relative adj.相关的
【课文再现】
If a company takes providing best services as one of its key values,it may have relative requirements or policies to encourage employees to do it.如果一个公司把提 供最好的服务作为它的关键价值之一,那么它可能有相关的要求或政策来鼓励员 工们这样做。
【归纳拓展】
relate v.讲述,把……联系起来;relation n.关系,亲属;relative n.亲戚,亲属; related adj.相关的;relationship n.关系。be related to与……相关;in/with relation to关于,与……有关。如:
There’s no relation between the two things.这两件事之间没有联系。
This accident is related to his carelessness.这次意外与他的粗心有关。
In relation to their quarrel,I think both sides are at fault.关于他们的吵架,我认为双 方都有错。
【典型例题】
If you have any     questions about your homework,you can ask your teacher tomorrow.
A. relation B. relative
C. relationship D. related
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:你如果对作业有任何相关的问题,可以明天问你的老师。 relation意为“关系”,是名词。relative作形容词时,表示“相对的,比较 的”;作名词时,表示“亲戚,亲属”。relationship意为“(人际)关系”,是 名词。related意为“相关的,有联系的”,是形容词。
【现学现练】
(1)Your final grade is closely related how much effort you put into your study.
A. about B. from C. to D. at
【解析】句意:你的最终成绩与你投入学习的努力程度密切相关。be related to 与……相关。
(2)After the argument,their friendly was never the same again.
A. relationship B. relation
C. occasion D. link
C
A
【解析】句意:争吵过后,他们友好的关系再也不复从前了。relationship(人 际)关系;relation通常用于表示更正式、抽象或广义的关系(如国家关系或数 学关系);occasion场合,时机;link通常指物理或逻辑上的连接(如链条的环 节、网页链接等)。
8. vision n.愿景;视力
【课文再现】
A great culture starts with a vision statement,which guides a company’s values and provides it with purposes.伟大的企业文化始于愿景宣言,它指导着公司的价值观 并为公司提供目标。
【归纳拓展】
visual adj.视觉的;栩栩如生的。visionary adj.有远见卓识的;n.有远见的人。 visible adj.看得见的,明显的。如:
It is a visible star in the sky.这是一颗在天空中肉眼可见的星星。
We must not laugh at young people’s unrealistic visions.我们切不可嘲笑年轻人不切 实际的幻想。
【典型例题】
The company’s     is to be the best in providing excellent customer service.
A. vision B. division
C. admission D. impression
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:这家公司的愿景是成为提供卓越客户服务的最佳企业。vision愿 景,视力;division分开,部门;admission承认,入场许可;impression印象。
【现学现练】
(1)Under the microscope(显微镜),bacteria(细菌) are .
A. visual B. visionary C. visible D. vision
【解析】句意:在显微镜下,细菌是可见的。visual意为“视觉的,视力的”; visionary意为“有远见的”,用来形容人或想法;visible意为“看得见的,可见 的”,是形容词;vision意为“愿景,视力”,是名词。
(2)People tend to call him a because he often thinks of what the future will bring.
A. visual B. visible C. vision D. visionary
C
D
【解析】句意:人们往往称他为有远见的人,因为他经常思考未来会带来什么。 visual意为“视觉的,视力的”;visible意为“看得见的,明显的”;vision意为 “愿景,视力”,是名词;visionary用作形容语时,译为“有远见的”,其用作 名词时,表示“有远见的人”。
9. settle v.解决;定居
【课文再现】
I have discussed the schedule with his secretary,and everything is settled.我已经和 他的秘书讨论了日程安排,一切都定下来了。
【归纳拓展】
settlement n.解决,定居地;settler n.移民,殖民者。settle down定居,平静下 来,安顿下来;settle on选定;settle with与……清算/协议/和解;settle in迁入; settle up结账,了结某事。如:
One day I’ll want to settle down and have a family.总有一天我会想安顿下 来,成个家。
They settled with a foreign firm last week.他们上星期与一家外国公司商谈成交。
I’ll settle up with them soon.我很快要跟他们清账。
【典型例题】
After graduation,I hope to     and find a job in my hometown.
A. settle down B. settle in
C. settle on D. settle up
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:毕业后,我希望能安定下来,在家乡找一份工作。settle down意 为“安定下来,定居”;settle in意为“迁入”;settle on意为“选定,决定”; settle up意为“结账,了结某事”。
【现学现练】
(1)They agreed to their argument by talking calmly.
A. achieve B. settle C. describe D. establish
【解析】句意:他们同意通过冷静交谈来解决他们的争论。achieve意为“实现 (目标)”;settle意为“解决(问题)”;describe意为“描述”;establish意 为“建立”。
(2)After discussing for an hour,we finally settled a small town for our holiday.
A. down B. in C. on D. up
B
C
【解析】句意:经过一个小时的讨论,我们最终决定在一个小镇度假。settle down意为“安定下来”;settle in意为“迁入”;settle on意为“选定,决 定”;settle up 意为“结账,了结某事”。
精 讲 二  短 语
10. in terms of 从……方面来说,用……的字眼(或措辞)
【课文再现】
Well,in terms of the general style they’re all the same,although in different countries we may add or change things to match the local culture.嗯,就总体风格而 言,它们都是一样的,尽管在不同的国家,我们可能会增加或改变一些东西以适 应当地的文化。
【归纳拓展】
term n.学期,术语,条款。come to terms (with...)(与……)达成协议, (对……)妥协;on good/bad terms with...与……关系好/不好;on one’s terms按 照某人的条件。如:
It is difficult to express it in terms of science.要用科学的字眼来表达它是很 困难的。
The old man remained on good terms with his neighbors.那个老人与他的邻居保持着 良好的关系。
We came to terms about the price at last.我们最终就价格达成了协议。
【典型例题】
     price,this bicycle is a very good choice for students.
A. On terms of B. On terms with
C. In terms with D. In terms of
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:就价格而言,这辆自行车对学生来说是一个很好的选择。in terms of就……而言,在……方面。
【现学现练】
(1)Although they had a quarrel yesterday,they are still each other today.
A. in good terms with B. on good terms with
C. in his terms D. on his terms
【解析】句意:尽管他们昨天吵了一架,但他们今天仍然相处得很好。on good terms with与……关系好。on one’s terms按照某人的条件。
(2)It took him a long time to the fact that he didn’t win the competition.
A. come to terms with B. in terms of
C. on good terms with D. on our terms
B
A
【解析】句意:他花了很长时间才接受自己没有赢得比赛这个事实。come to terms with与……达成协议,妥协于(某种不愉快的情况);in terms of 就…… 而言;on good terms with与……关系好;on one’s terms按照某人的条件。
11. aim to旨在,为了
【课文再现】
We’d like to develop a long-term business,and aim to make people’s life more convenient with our best service.我们想要长期经营,并以最好的服务让人们的生 活更方便为宗旨。
【归纳拓展】
aim v.瞄准,以……为目标;n.瞄准,目标。aim at/be aimed at(接名词或动名 词)瞄准,以……为目标;aim for (接名词)以……为目标。如:
I didn’t mean to hit the cat.I was aiming at the tree.我不是故意击中这只猫的。我是 以树为目标。
We should aim for the best result.我们应该力求获得最佳结果。
We aim at going to college./We aim to go to college.我们立志考大学。
【典型例题】
We aim     better service for our customers.
A. providing B. to provide
C. provided D. to providing
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:我们旨在为客户提供更好的服务。aim to do sth.意为“旨在做 某事,目标是做某事”。
【现学现练】
(1)The hunter(猎人) aimed carefully the deer before shooting.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
【解析】句意:猎人射击前仔细地瞄准了那只鹿。aim at瞄准,以……为目标。
(2)She is working very hard this year as she aims a higher position in the company.
A. to B. in C. on D. for
【解析】句意:她今年工作非常努力,因为她志在争取公司里的一个更高职位。 aim for意为“以……为目标,争取获得……”;aim to后应接动词原形,表示 “旨在做某事”;aim in和aim on均为错误搭配。
C
D
12. focus on聚焦于,专注,集中于
【课文再现】
Our company focuses on providing the best service by delivering parcels fast and safely to customers.我们公司专注提供最好的服务,把包裹快速且 安全地送到顾客手中。
【归纳拓展】
focus v.集中;n.焦点,中心点。focus on集中于,致力于;focus one’s attention集 中某人的注意力;the focus of...……的中心/焦点。如:
She was the focus of everyone’s attention.她是大家注意的焦点。
Please focus your attention on what I said.请把你们的注意力集中在我说的话上。
【典型例题】
He focused entirely on     the difficult question.
A. solving B. to solve
C. solved D. to solving
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:他完全专注于解决那个难题。focus on doing sth.专注做某事。
【现学现练】
(1)The of the earthquake is about 100 kilometers away from here.
A. post B. focus C. soul D. device
B
【解析】句意:这次地震的震源离这里大约100千米。post意为“职位,邮 件”;focus意为“中心点,焦点”;soul意为“灵魂”;device意为“设备”。 此处的the focus of the earthquake为地理术语,意为“(地震的)震源”。
(2)If you want to learn English well,you should practicing every day.
A. be focused on B. focusing on
C. focus on D. focused in
【解析】句意:如果你想学好英语,你应该专注于每天练习。focus on专注于, 集中于,致力于。情态动词should后用动词原形。
C
精 讲 三  句 型
13. It has been imagination and hard work that have kept us going forward to become the best in the field of smartphones.正是想象力和辛勤工作使我们不断向前,成为 智能手机领域的佼佼者。
【归纳拓展】
(1)强调句型“It+be+被强调部分+that/who(指人)...”,本句强调主语。 当强调指人的主语时,连接词可用that和who。
(2)keep...doing...让……一直做……;keep...from doing...不让…… 做……;go forward向前;look forward to (doing)盼望(做)。如:
It is your persistence that helps you get the job.是你的坚持帮你得到了这份工作。
Dad kept me standing at the door and reflecting.爸爸让我站在门口反省。
We must keep those who don’t have a ticket from coming in.我们必须阻止没有票的 人进来。
Don’t be afraid and go forward boldly.不要害怕,大胆地向前走。
【典型例题】
     your support that helped me get through the difficult time.
A. It was B. That was
C. What was D. There was
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:正是你的支持帮助我度过了那段艰难时期。It was...that...是 强调句型,用于强调主语your support。
【现学现练】
(1)We must and never stop trying.
A. go forward B. go backwards
C. give up D. look back
【解析】句意:我们必须向前进,永不停止尝试。go forward前进;go backwards后退;give up放弃;look back回头看,回顾。
(2)I look forward to my best friend soon.
A. hearing from B. hear from
C. hearing of D. hear of
【解析】句意:我期待早日收到我最好的朋友的来信。look forward to doing sth.意为“期待做某事”;hear from sb.意为“收到某人的消息”;hear of意为 “听说”。
A
A
14. A great culture starts with a vision statement,which guides a company’s values and provides it with purposes.伟大的企业文化始于愿景宣言,它指导着公司的价值 观并为公司提供目标。
【归纳拓展】
(1)在非限制性定语从句中,当先行词为物,且在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 时,只能用which作关系词,不可用that。
(2)start with=begin with以……开始;provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb. 提供某物给某人。
(3)vision statement愿景宣言,远景声明。如:
My good friend gave me a gift,which he bought in Dalian.我的好朋友送了我一份 礼物,这份礼物是他在大连买的。
Our English class usually starts with an English song.我们的英语课通常从一首英语 歌曲开始。
The old man provided the poor child with books and pens.这个老年人给那个可怜的 孩子提供了书籍和钢笔。
【典型例题】
(2023年安徽省对口升学考试真题)The best thing about the website is that the design is simple,      makes it easy to use.
A. who B. that
C. as D. which
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:这个网站最好的地方是它的设计很简单,这使得它很容易使 用。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,并指代前面一整句话,故应用which引导非 限制性定语从句。
【现学现练】
(1)The game is very exciting, makes it popular among teenagers.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
【解析】句意:这个游戏非常刺激,这使其在青少年中很受欢迎。分析可知,空 处引导非限制性定语从句,并指代前面一整句话,故应用which引导该从句。
(2)The company provides free training all new employees.
A. for B. on C. at D. with
【解析】句意:这家公司为所有新员工提供免费培训。provide sth.for sb.为某 人提供某物。
D
A
15. It is important to find out the value of it and make it a key factor when building the corporate culture.在构建企业文化的过程中,重要的是发现它的价值,并将其作 为一个关键因素。
【归纳拓展】
(1)It作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的to find out...;真正的主语除to do形式 之外,还有doing形式和主语从句;when doing sth.意为“当做某事时”,当主从 句主语相同,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,通常省略从句主语和be动词,用动词 -ing形式。
(2)find out弄明白,搞清楚;make sb./sth.+n.使某人/某物成为……; corporate culture企业文化。如:
It’s no good eating too much junk food.吃太多的垃圾食物无用。
Please find out why he refused my request.请弄明白为什么他拒绝我的请求。
Diligence made him an outstanding man.勤奋使他成为一个杰出的人。
My brother likes to refer to the dictionary when doing his homework.我的弟弟做作业 时喜欢查字典。
【典型例题】
It is important for students     their homework on time.
A. finish B. to finish
C. finishing D. to finishing
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:对学生来说,按时完成作业是很重要的。“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth”.意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”,其中,it为形式主语,真 正的主语是动词不定式to do sth.。
【现学现练】
(1)I need to the truth about what happened yesterday.
A. look out B. give out C. find out D. run out
【解析】句意:我需要弄清楚昨天发生之事的真相。look out小心,当心; give out分发,发出,散发;find out查明,弄清(事实、真相等);run out用完,耗尽。
(2)Her parents always try to her a confident person.
A. hope B. see C. make D. bring
【解析】句意:她的父母总是努力使她成为一个自信的人。make sb./sth.+n. 意为“使某人/某物成为……”。
C
C
16. Values are of little importance unless they are put into practice.除非它们(价值 观)被付诸实践,否则价值观是微不足道的。
【归纳拓展】
(1)引导条件状语从句的有unless(除非),if(如果),once(一旦),as long as(只要)。
(2)of+名词=形容词,如of importance=important。
(3)put...into practice/use将……付诸实践/将……投入使用。如:
If you are ill,you must see a doctor.如果你生病了,你必须去看医生。
It is of great importance to put knowledge into practice.把知识用于实践很重要。
【典型例题】
You won’t find the lesson interesting     you really join in the group discussion.
A. for B. unless C. because D. though
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:除非你真正参与到小组讨论中,否则你不会觉得这节课有趣。 for意为“为了,因为”,表示原因;unless意为“除非,如果不”,表示条件; because意为“因为”,表示原因;though意为“虽然”,表示让步。
【现学现练】
(1)We need to put our ideas into in order to see if they work.
A. promise B. practice C. feature D. standard
【解析】句意:我们需要将我们的想法付诸实践,以检验它们是否可行。 put...into practice将……付诸实践。
(2)His experience in the competition was for his personal growth.
A. of great patience B. of great patient
C. of great important D. of great importance
B
D
【解析】句意:他在这次比赛中的经历对他的个人成长非常重要;be of great importance意为“非常重要的”,相当于very important。be of great patience意 为“非常有耐心的”,相当于very patient。(be) of great patient和(be) of great important是错误搭配。
语法聚焦
Subjective clauses;objective clauses(主语从句;宾语从句)
一、主语从句
(一)主语从句的定义
  在复合句中用作主语的名词性从句叫主语从句。主语从句的时态不受主句时 态的影响和限制。
(二)主语从句的三种基本句式
1. that引导的从句。在主语从句中that不能省略。如:
That he goes to bed early and gets up early every day is a good habit.他每天早睡早起 是一个好习惯。
2. whether引导的从句。whether意为“是否”,用来探知陈述的内容是否属实。 其引导主语从句时不可与if“是否”互换使用,且从句必须使用陈述语序。如:
Whether he will agree to the plan is not known.他是否会同意这个计划还不知道。
3. wh-从句由连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever, whoever,whichever,whomever和连接副词how,when,where,why等引导,从 句必须使用陈述语序。如:
What he said at the meeting is not true.他在会议上所说的话不是真的。
Whoever does something wrong will be punished.无论谁做错事,都将受到惩罚。
(三)特殊情况说明
1. it作形式主语的主语从句。
为了考虑句子的平衡,通常在从句作主语的时候,用it作形式主语,而将真正的 主语置于句末。
(1)It’s+形容词/过去分词/名词词组+that从句。常见的用于此句型的形容词有 clear,certain,likely,possible,obvious,true,wonderful,strange等。常见的用 于此句型的过去分词有said,believed,known,thought,reported,told等;常见 的用于此句型名词词组有no wonder,a pity,a fact等。如:
It is true that the two movie stars cooperated.那两个电影明星合作的事是真的。
It is said that Gu Ailing won two gold medals at the 24th Beijing Winter Olympics.据 说谷爱凌在第24届北京冬奥会上获得了两枚金牌。
It’s no wonder that he always sleeps in class.怪不得他老是在课堂上睡觉。
(2)It+不及物动词+that从句。常见的用于此句型的不及物动词有happen, appear,matter等。如:
It doesn’t matter whether he is a student or not.他是不是学生没有关系。
2. 谓语动词的数。
一般情况下,主语为从句时,谓语动词一律用单数。但当主语从句由what引导 时,主句谓语动词的数有时与表语的数保持一致。如:
What we need is money.我们需要的是钱。
What makes the pool more beautiful are the lotus flowers in the water.让池塘更美丽 的是水里的荷花。
二、宾语从句
(一)宾语从句的定义
  在复合句中用作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句,在句中可以充当及物动词、 介词或形容词的宾语。
(二)宾语从句的三种基本句式
1. that引导的宾语从句。
当陈述句充当宾语从句时,由that引导,that本身无词义,在从句中不作任何成 分,只起连接作用,在口语或非正式文体中常可以省略。如:
I think (that)you were cheated by that little boy.我认为你被那个小男孩骗了。
2. if与whether引导的宾语从句。
(1)当一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,要用if或whether引导,意为“是否”,不 能省略,从句必须使用陈述语序。如:
We are considering whether/if we need to put off the project.我们正在考虑是否需要 推迟这个项目。
(2)只能用whether,不能用if的几种情况。
①后面与or not连用,往往只用whether。如:
I doubt whether or not this answer is right.我怀疑这个答案是否是对的。
②位于介词之后,只能用whether。如:
Let’s think about whether we should take part in the competition.让我们考虑一下我 们是否应该参加这个比赛。
③后面接动词不定式to do形式,只能用whether。如:
He hasn’t decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否去看望那个老年人。
3. wh-引导的宾语从句。
当特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时,连接词就用原来的特殊疑问词。通常由连接代词 what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever 和连接副词how,when,where,why等引导,从句必须使用陈述语序。如:
You can meet whoever you want.你可以见任何你想见的人。
We didn’t know why he was unhappy.我们不知道他为什么不高兴。
(三)宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句是一般现在时,宾语从句可以根据需要选择任何时态。如:
I wonder when he will come back.我想知道他什么时候会回来。
2. 如果主句是一般过去时,从句必须使用过去的某个时态(一般过去时、过去进 行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如:
She asked me if I had turned off the light.她问我是否把灯关了。
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或事实,无论主句是什么时态,宾语从句都用 一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕 着太阳转。
(四)几种特殊情况
1. it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
在think,find,make等接复合宾语的动词之后,为避免头重脚轻或关系模糊,常 用it作形式宾语,而将真正作宾语的从句放在宾语补足语之后,即“主语+ think/find/make+it+宾语补足语+that从句”结构。如:
He has made it a rule that he goes to bed at 10:00 at night.他已养成一个在晚上十点 钟上床睡觉的习惯。
I think it necessary that we should learn first-aid knowledge.我认为我们有必要学习 急救知识。
2. wh-引导的宾语从句不改变语序的情况。
当疑问代词what,who,which等在特殊疑问句中作主语时,该特殊疑问句本身就 是陈述语序,所以变为宾语从句时无须调整语序。如:
The teacher wanted to know who watered the flowers.老师想知道谁给花儿浇水了。
Please tell me what is wrong with you.请告诉我你出什么事了。
3. 宾语从句的否定转移。
在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,且谓语动词是 think,believe,suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词前移到主句中,即主句的谓 语动词用否定形式,宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式,这叫“否定前置”。翻译 成中文时仍然是否定从句形式。如:
I don’t think Alice is Japanese.我认为爱丽丝不是日本人。
We didn’t believe he did it.我们相信他没有做这件事。
4. 虚拟宾语从句。
在一些如suggest,demand,require,request,order,insist等表示建议、要求、命 令的动词后接的宾语从句中,从句用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用“should+动 词原形”,should可以省略。如:
I suggest that you (should)drink more milk in the morning.我建议你应该在早上多 喝点儿牛奶。
5. 简化宾语从句。
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同时,往往可以将宾语从句简化为不定式结 构。含有特殊疑问词的宾语从句常简化为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构。如:
Li Ming hopes he will be back soon.→Li Ming hopes to be back soon.李明希望很快 就回来。
He didn’t know what he should do next.→He didn’t know what to do next.他不知道 下一步该做什么。
变式练习
单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填在题 前括号里)
—I’m fine.      is taking a rest.
A. What do I need B. What I need
C. Why do I need D. Why I need
【解析】句意:——你还好吗?你看起来很疲倦。——我很好。我需要的是休 息。分析句子结构可知,空处在句子中作主语。主语从句要用陈述语序,故排除 A、C两项;主语从句中缺少need的宾语,故用what 引导该从句。
B
A. how can we do it B. how we can do it
C. how can they do it D. how they can do it
【解析】句意:——篮球比赛的事我很抱歉。——没关系。这从来不是一个人的 错误。我们应该考虑下一次如何做得更好。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是宾 语从句。宾语从句应用陈述语序,故排除A、C两项。根据句意可知,宾语从句 的主语应与主句的主语保持一致,故应用we。
B
A. that B. if C. what D. why
【解析】句意:我记得我答应过给你一份生日礼物。宾语从句句意完整且不缺少 成分,应用that引导。that引导宾语从句时,既不充当从句的任何成分,也没有 实义,只起连接作用,并且可以省略。
A
A. When B. If C. What D. Whether
【解析】句意:我们是否赢得比赛对我来说并不重要。我只是想尽力而为。 When意为“何时”,用于引导时间状语从句或名词性从句中表示时间;If意为 “如果”或“是否”,作“是否”讲时,一般不能用于句首引导主语从句; What引导主语从句时,可在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语;Whether意为“是 否”,可用于句首引导主语从句。
D
A. will rise B. rose C. rises D. would rise
【解析】句意:老师告诉过我们,太阳从东方升起。当宾语从句描述的是客观真 理或自然规律时,无论主句是什么时态,从句都应使用一般现在时。
C
学以致用
一、单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填 在题前括号里)
A. admission B. attitude
C. influence D. spirit
【解析】句意:我读了很多书,余华的作品对我影响很大。A项意为“录取”; B项意为“态度”;C项意为“影响”;D项意为“精神”。根据句意可知,C项 符合题意。
C
A. when he came here B. how he came here
C. whether he came here D. why he came here
【解析】句意:——你能告诉我他是怎么来这里的吗?——他自己开车来的。根 据句意可知,答语表达的是到达目的地的方式,故此处应用how引导宾语从句。
B
A. so that B. even if C. as if D. now that
【解析】句意:图书管理员根据书籍的内容整理书籍,以便学生们可以很容易地 找到他们想要的书。A项意为“为了,以便”;B项意为“即使”;C项意为 “好像”;D项意为“由于,既然”。根据句意可知,A项符合题意。
A
A. That’s right. B. Take it easy.
C. You’re welcome. D. Have a good time!
【解析】句意:——我对这次面试感到很紧张。——放轻松。深呼吸,做你自己 就好。当对方表达紧张或焦虑时,常用Take it easy(放轻松/别紧张)来安慰对 方,并给予鼓励。
B
A. where will we go B. where we will go
C. when will we go D. when we will go
【解析】句意:——你知道我们明天要去哪儿吗?——老师说我们将参观一家汽 车工厂。宾语从句应使用“连接词+主语+谓语”的陈述语序;根据答句可知, 此处询问地点,应用 where引导该从句。
B
二、阅读理解(根据短文内容,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意 的最佳选项填在题前括号里)
  Jack Petchey was born in East London in 1925.At the age of 13,he left school with no qualifications.When World War Ⅱ started,Petchey helped out as a messenger (通信员) for the police and the fire service before he joined the Royal Navy.After the war,he spent all his money on a car and opened a taxi business.
To make sure he never missed a customer phoning for a taxi,Petchey slept on the floor of his taxi business.Gradually,he said,“Business got better and better,and I worked harder and harder.” He sold second-hand cars and then sold his car showroom when he realized he could make more money in other business.
Over the years,Petchey made hundreds of millions of pounds from his business skills and hard work.
In 1999,Petchey decided he wanted to give something back to society.He set up the Jack Petchey Foundation,an organization that helps young people in London and nearby Essex get more opportunities.Petchey said he did this because “It takes just one person who believes in you to change your life.” In the end,he helped improve the lives of more than a million young people by funding(为……提供资金) clubs and schools,creating the world’s largest public-speaking competition for young people,and giving them the chance to take part in art,science,and sports.
A. During World War Ⅱ. B. After he left the Royal Navy.
C. After he sold his car showroom. D. When he was 13 years old.
【解析】根据第一段中“After the war,he spent all his money on a car and opened a taxi business.”可知,Jack Petchey在第二次世界大战后花光所有积蓄 买了一辆汽车并开了一家出租车公司。因此他是在离开海军后才开始经营出租车 业务的。
B
A. Because he had no other place to live.
B. To save money for buying more cars.
C. To make sure he didn’t miss any customer calls.
D. Because he was too tired to go home.
【解析】根据第二段中“To make sure he never missed a customer phoning for a taxi,Petchey slept on the floor of his taxi business.”可知,他睡在出租车公司地 板上是为了确保他不错过任何顾客电话。
C
A. Because his taxi business was more successful.
B. Because he wanted to help young people.
C. Because he realized he could make more money in other business.
D. Because he wanted to join the Royal Navy.
【解析】根据“...sold his car showroom when he realized he could make more money in other business.”可知,Petchey卖掉汽车展示厅是因为他意识到自己能 在其他行业赚更多钱。
C
A. A lonely and quiet man.
B. A person who cared about young people’s future.
C. A person who only focused on making money.
D. A person who loved traveling the world.
【解析】根据第四段中“He set up the Jack Petchey Foundation,an organization that helps young people...get more chances.”可知,Petchey在 1999年创立了基金会,专门帮助伦敦和埃塞克斯的年轻人获得更多机会,并资助 了各类青少年活动。这说明他晚年关注青少年发展并积极回馈社会。
B
A. A history textbook about World War Ⅱ.
B. A business magazine about taxi companies.
C. A biography section in a youth magazine.
D. A science report on education.
【解析】文章以人物传记形式叙述了Jack Petchey的生平事迹,尤其强调他晚年 对青少年的帮助,内容积极向上,适合青少年阅读,因此最有可能出自面向青少 年的杂志或传记栏目。
C
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