安徽对口升学高考英语一轮复习拓展模块Unit 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship课件

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名称 安徽对口升学高考英语一轮复习拓展模块Unit 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship课件
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(共104张PPT)
拓展模块
Unit 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship
单元导读
本单元主要考查学生在讨论职业活动的语境中,了解职业生涯发展规划,激活相 关的语言知识与生活常识,掌握讨论职业活动和沟通职场问题所需要的词汇和句 型。学生还应掌握定语从句的用法,在语境中熟练准确地使用,并能理解团队合 作及团队精神的重要性,培养正确的职业态度和良好的思维能力。
知识精讲
精 讲 一  词 汇
1. pleasure n.快乐(的事)
【课文再现】
My pleasure.Thanks for having me.我的荣幸。谢谢你邀请我。
【归纳拓展】
(1)pleasure n.快乐,喜悦,乐趣;乐事;享受,娱乐。如:
It is my pleasure to talk to her.我很荣幸能和她谈话。
Will you do me the pleasure of dining with me?你能赏光跟我一起吃饭吗?
You may go or stay at your pleasure.去留悉听尊便。
(2)with pleasure愉快地,高兴地;十分愿意(常用于答应对方的请求,美国人 一般用okay,sure,certainly)。如:
He listened with pleasure to the beautiful music.他愉快地听那美妙的音乐。
—Will you come with us?你也一起来吧?
—With pleasure.我很乐意。
【典型例题】
—Thanks for helping me carry the boxes.
—     .I was glad to help.
A. No way B. My pleasure
C. Good luck D. Never mind
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:——谢谢你帮我搬箱子。——不客气。我很乐意帮忙。No way 不可能;My pleasure我的荣幸,不客气;Good luck祝你好运;Never mind没关 系。上句表示感谢,My pleasure可用于礼貌回应感谢。
【现学现练】
(1)Team China won many gold medals at the Paris Olympics,and people across the country watched the games .
A. in danger B. with pleasure
C. by accident D. on purpose
【解析】句意:中国国家队在巴黎奥运会上赢得了许多金牌,全国人民愉快地观 看了比赛。in danger处于危险中;with pleasure愉快地,高兴地;by accident偶 然;on purpose故意地。
B
(2) to use AI tools to help our study because they can make learning more interesting and fun.
A. It’s a trouble B. It’s a duty
C. It’s a pleasure D. It’s a mistake
【解析】句意:使用人工智能工具帮助学习很愉快,因为它们能让学习更有趣。 It’s a pleasure to do sth.是固定句型,表示“做某事很愉快/是件乐事”,契合AI 让学习变有趣的语境。
C
2. combine v.联合;使结合
【课文再现】
The culture of the city combines the Chinese and the Western culture,which has inspired his clay figure making.这座城市的文化融合了中国文化和西方文化,这启 发了他的泥塑制作。
【归纳拓展】
(1)combine的基本意思是“联合,合并”,可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物 动词。如:
The room combines the bedroom and study.这个房间兼做卧室和书房。
The two things combine very well.这两件事结合得很好。
(2)combine A with B和combine A and B都表示“把A和B结合起来”,短语前后 连接两个对等的成分。如:
Only when theory combines with practice can the former become reliable knowledge. 只有当理论与实践相结合时,前者才能变成可靠的知识。
【典型例题】
During the Hangzhou Asian Games,organizers     traditional Chinese culture with modern technology.
A. compared B. combined
C. changed D. controlled
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:在杭州亚运会期间,组织者把中国传统文化与现代科技结合起 来。combine A with B意为“将A与B结合起来”,是固定搭配,符合语境。
【现学现练】
(1)Many countries are trying to solar power with wind power so that they can produce electricity more steadily.
A. divide B. combine C. separate D. protect
【解析】句意:许多国家正努力把太阳能与风能相结合,以便更稳定地发电。 combine...with...意为“将……与……结合”,符合句意。
(2)Our school plans to science classes with art projects this term to help us think in creative ways.
A. cancel B. combine C. copy D. collect
【解析】句意:我们学校计划这学期把科学课与艺术项目结合起来,帮助我们以 创造性方式思考。combine...with...意为“将……与……结合”。
B
B
3. responsible adj.负责任的
【课文再现】
“...Once a quality problem is found,we can use it to find out those who are responsible,” said a senior manager at Sinotruk.“……一旦发现质量问题,我们 可以利用它找出责任人。”中国重汽的一名高级经理说道。
【归纳拓展】
(1)responsible adj.负有责任的,责任重大的,尽责的,可靠的,(向主管者或 上级)承担责任。如:
He holds a very responsible position in the firm.他在公司里担任一个非常 重要的职位。
(2)be responsible for...为……负责;是……的原因。如:
I am in no way responsible for what has happened.我绝不对已发生的事情负责。
(3)responsibility n.责任,责任感,可信赖性,职责。take responsibility for doing sth.承担做某事的责任。
【典型例题】
In the new online safety campaign,young people are encouraged to take     for protecting their personal information on social media.
A. response B. reaction
C. ability D. responsibility
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:在新的网络安全活动中,年轻人被鼓励承担起保护自己在社交 媒体上的个人信息的责任。take responsibility for是固定搭配,表示“对……承 担责任”。
【现学现练】
(1)World leaders at the recent climate summit promised to be for cutting carbon emissions.
A. careful B. responsible
C. comfortable D. generous
【解析】句意:在最近的气候峰会上,世界各国领导人承诺对减少碳排放负责。 be responsible for意为“为……负责”,符合句意。
(2)Shops must be for checking the quality of goods before selling them to customers.
A. sorry B. lucky C. responsible D. weak
【解析】句意:商店必须在把商品卖给顾客前负责检查商品的质量。be responsible for意为“为……负责”。
B
C
4. inspire v.激励
【课文再现】
The spirit of craftsmanship is so valuable to today’s society that the government is taking measures to inspire the young people with it.工匠精神对当今社会是如此宝 贵,以致政府正在采取措施用这种精神来激励年轻人。
【归纳拓展】
(1)inspire v.鼓舞,激励;激起,唤起;引起,产生;(常用被动语态)使产 生灵感,使感悟。如:
The good news inspired us with hope.那个好消息使我们产生了希望。
His first novel was inspired by the memory of his mother.他的第一部小说的灵感来 自对他母亲的回忆。
(2)inspiration n.鼓舞,激励;鼓舞人心的人(或事物);灵机,妙想, 灵感。如:
Bethune’s glorious life will always be an inspiration to us.白求恩光辉的一生对我们 将永远是一个鼓舞。
I can’t write without inspiration.没有灵感我无法写作。
(3)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的。如:
an inspiring speech一场鼓舞人心的演讲
【典型例题】
The story of the Paralympic swimmer who trained hard despite losing her arm     many young people to face difficulties bravely.
A. invited B. inspired C. allowed D. avoided
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:这名残奥会游泳选手尽管失去了一只手臂但仍刻苦训练的故事 激励许多年轻人勇敢面对困难。inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事。
【现学现练】
(1)Many painters say they by AI tools that can turn simple sketches into beautiful paintings,and this makes them try new ideas.
A. are controlled B. are invited
C. are avoided D. are inspired
【解析】句意:许多画家表示他们受人工智能工具启发——这些工具能把简单的 草图变成美丽的画作,这让他们尝试新创意。be inspired by表示“受……启 发”,符合句意。
(2)The actions of young volunteers cleaning rivers and planting trees others to fight against pollution.
A. stop B. warn C. inspire D. forget
D
C
【解析】句意:年轻志愿者清理河流和植树的行动激励其他人来对抗污染。 inspire sb.to do sth.激励某人做某事。
5. seek v.寻求
【课文再现】
Seeking perfection is a key element of craftsmanship.追求完美是工艺的关键要素。
【归纳拓展】
seek vt.找,寻觅(同look for);(后接不定式)试图,设法;征求,请求(同 ask for)。seek after/for寻求,追求,多用于被动语态。如:
He is seeking a job.他正在找工作。
The boy sought advice from his teacher.这个男孩向他的老师请教。
These articles are much sought after.这些商品很受人欢迎。
【典型例题】
To deal with job challenges,many local governments     advice from experts to create better training programs for young workers.
A. seek B. avoid C. forget D. drop
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:为了应对就业挑战,许多地方政府寻求专家的建议,为年轻劳 动者制定更好的培训项目。seek寻求;avoid避免;forget忘记;drop落下,掉 下。seek advice是固定搭配,表示“寻求建议”。
【现学现练】
(1)Scientists around the world are working together to solutions to reduce the damage caused by heat waves and floods.
A. seek B. hide C. break D. miss
【解析】句意:世界各地的科学家正共同努力寻求办法来减少热浪和洪水造成的 损害。seek寻求;hide隐藏;break打破;miss错过,想念。seek solutions to表示 “寻求……的解决办法”。
(2)Many people seek happiness throughout their lives.
A. on B. about C. for D. in
【解析】句意:许多人一生都在寻求幸福。seek for意为“寻求,寻找”,为固 定搭配。
A
C
6. available adj.可用的,可得到的
【课文再现】
One day he got the news that there was a position available at a company.有一天,他 得到了一个消息,一家公司有一个空缺的职位。
【归纳拓展】
(1)available adj.可用的;可得到的,可达到的;有空的;单身的,未婚 的。如:
The doctor is not available now.医生现在没空。
The ticket is available on the day of issue only.此票仅在出售当天有效。
(2)availability n.可用性;有效性;可得性。如:
This offer is subject to availability.优惠至此产品售完为止。
【典型例题】
New public basketball courts in our city are now     to both children and adults free of charge.
A. possible B. available
C. important D. special
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:我市新建的公共篮球场现在对儿童与成人免费开放。possible可 能的;available可得的,可用的;important重要的;special特别的。be available to sb.表示“对某人是可用或可获得的”。
【现学现练】
(1)During the summer holiday,more online courses are so that students can review lessons at home.
A. closed B. available C. difficult D. harmful
【解析】句意:暑假期间,有更多的在线课程可供选择,以便学生在家复习 功课。closed关闭的;available可得的,可用的;difficult困难的; harmful有害的。
(2)—Can you help at the city marathon next weekend?
—Sorry,I’m not because I have a family trip then.
A. busy B. late C. available D. ready
B
C
【解析】句意:——你能在下周末的城市马拉松比赛中帮忙吗?——抱歉,我没 空,因为我那时要进行一次家庭旅行。busy忙的;late迟到的;available(用于 描述人)有空的,可用的;ready准备好的。
7. differ v.不同
【课文再现】
But job sharing differs from part-time because most of the jobs shared are white- collar jobs.但工作共享不同于兼职,因为大部分共享的工作都是白领工作。
【归纳拓展】
(1)differ vi.不同于,相异(from),有区别;意见不同/不一致。如:
Chinese differs greatly from English in pronunciation.汉语的发音跟英语大不相同。
I’m afraid we shall have to differ.恐怕我们必须有所不同。
(2)difference n.差异,差别。其常用结构:make some (no)difference有些 (没有)关系,有些(没有)影响。如:
There are a lot of differences between the life in high school and in college.高中生活 和大学生活有很多不同之处。
(3)different adj.差异的,不同的,各种的。其常用结构:be different from 与……不同。如:
Different trees bear different fruit.不同的树结不同的果。
【典型例题】
Traditional festivals in China     greatly     those in other countries, showing rich cultural variety.
A. differ;from B. come;from
C. hear;from D. learn;from
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:中国的传统节日与其他国家的传统节日有很大不同,展现了丰 富的文化多样性。differ from与……不同;come from来自;hear from收到…… 来信;learn from向……学习。
【现学现练】
(1)Different EVs(电动车) in battery life and smart functions,so buyers can choose models(车型) that suit their needs.
A. take B. differ C. agree D. contribute
【解析】句意:不同的电动车在电池寿命和智能功能方面不同,因此消费者可以 选择适合自己需求的车型。differ in表示“在某方面不同”,符合题意。
B
(2)Students’ views on allowing AI tools in exams one another,with some supporting and others worrying about fairness.
A. depend on B. differ from
C. look after D. wait for
【解析】句意:学生们对于允许在考试中使用人工智能工具的看法彼此不同,有 人支持,有人担心公平性。depend on依赖;differ from不同于,相异;look after照顾;wait for等待。
B
8. contribute v.贡献;捐赠
【课文再现】
With the help of his excellent skills,the team overcame many difficulties and contributed to the success of the project.在他出色的技能帮助下,团队克服了许多 困难,为项目的成功做出了贡献。
【归纳拓展】
(1)contribute vt.贡献;捐(款);投(稿);捐献。如:
Every one is called on to contribute ideas.每个人都被要求贡献自己的想法。
The exchange of goodwill missions greatly contributes to/towards a better understanding between the two countries.互派友好代表团大大促进了两国 之间的了解。
(2)contribute to本意是“对……做贡献”,在不好的方面做贡献,可引申为 “造成,导致”,相当于lead to。其用于好的方面则可引申为“促成,有助 于”。如:
Proper rest and enough sleep contribute to longevity.适当的休息和足够的睡眠有益 于长寿。
Would you like to contribute to our collection?你愿意给我们的募捐做贡献吗?
【典型例题】
Many students     their time to cleaning streets and planting trees during the city’s “Green Week”.
A. borrow B. waste C. contribute D. hide
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:在城市的“环保周”期间,许多学生贡献自己的时间去清扫街 道和植树。contribute one’s time to(doing) sth.表示“为(做)某事贡献时 间”。
【现学现练】
(1)Donating food and money can the work of charities that help hungry people around the world.
A. contribute to B. belong to
C. lead to D. listen to
【解析】句意:捐赠食物和金钱可以对那些帮助世界各地饥饿人群的慈善机构的 工作作出贡献。contribute to表示“对……作出贡献”;belong to属于;lead to 导致(多指结果,不一定是积极贡献);listen to听。
A
(2)Last month,several teens their designs to the school science magazine and won praise from teachers.
A. avoided B. refused
C. forgot D. contributed
【解析】句意:上个月,几名青少年把他们的设计投稿给校科学杂志,并获得了 老师的赞扬。contribute sth.to...在句中表示“向……投稿”。
D
9. offer v.提供
【课文再现】
Job sharing could offer them an opportunity to get ready for going back into full-time work.工作共享可以为他们提供一个准备重返全职工作的机会。
【归纳拓展】
(1)offer vt.提出,提供;奉献,祭献;出(价)。offer表示主动给予或提供某 物,其后可接双宾语,若双宾语易位,用介词to引出间接宾语。如:
Offer the guests some coffee.=Offer some coffee to the guests.给客人们来 点儿咖啡。
She offered to drive me to the station.她主动提出开车送我去车站。
We offered him the house for £1,000.我们以1 000英镑的价格将那幢房子 卖给了他。
(2)offer n.提供;提议。其常用短语:make an offer of help (support,food) 意为“愿意给予帮助(支持、食物)”。
【典型例题】
The local government     free computer classes to young people who lost their jobs.
A. borrowed B. avoided C. forgot D. offered
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:当地政府为失业的年轻人提供免费计算机课程。offer sth.to sb. 表示“向某人提供某物”。
【现学现练】
(1)When the heavy rain hit the city,many businesses to give shelter and meals to people affected by the flooding.
A. offered B. made C. warned D. missed
【解析】句意:当暴雨袭击城市时,许多企业主动提出为受洪灾影响的人提供住 所和餐食。offer to do sth.表示“主动提出做某事”,符合句意。
(2)She received a(n) from a famous tech company after her excellent performance in the interview.
A. résumé B. offer C. advice D. report
【解析】句意:她在面试中表现出色,收到了一家著名科技公司发来的工作邀 请。an offer在此表示“工作邀请,录用通知”,符合句意。
A
B
精 讲 二  短 语
10. take charge of 负责掌管……
【课文再现】
He took charge of the family business in 1996 when he was only 18 years old.1996 年,当他年仅18岁时,他掌管了家族企业。
【归纳拓展】
(1)take charge of意为“掌管,接管”,表示主动动作。如:
The boss asked Tom to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away.老 板让汤姆在她不在的这几天负责管理公司。
(2)be in charge of意为“负责……”,相当于be responsible for,其意为 “对……负责任,负责……”。be in the charge of由……掌管/负责。如:
He is in charge of the task.他对这个任务负责。
The task is in the charge of him.这个任务由他负责。
【典型例题】
Last term,Lily was chosen to     the school charity sale,and she made a detailed plan to attract more donors.
A. take care of B. take charge of
C. look forward to D. get on with
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:上学期,莉莉被选去负责学校的慈善义卖,她制订了详细计划 以吸引更多捐助者。take care of照顾;take charge of负责,管理;look forward to期待;get on with与……相处。
(1)After the former leader left,Mr Chen the community recycling project and introduced new ways to sort waste.
A. took place of B. took charge of
C. took off D. took away
【解析】句意:前任负责人离职后,陈先生接管了社区回收项目,并引入了新的 垃圾分类方法。took place of表述错误,正确表述应为took the place of(代 替);took charge of掌管,接管;took off脱下(衣物),(飞机)起飞;took away拿走。
B
【现学现练】
(2)During the Spring Festival online fair,a group of young engineers the livestreaming(直播) system to make sure it ran smoothly.
A. took charge of B. put up with
C. came up with D. looked down on
【解析】句意:在春节线上展销会期间,一群年轻工程师负责管理直播系统,确 保它运行顺畅。took charge of表示“负责管理,掌控”;put up with忍受; came up with想出;looked down on看不起。
A
11. devote...to...将……奉献于……
【课文再现】
All of us could devote ourselves to the project.我们所有人都可以致力这个项目。
【归纳拓展】
(1)devote vt.投入,献身,致力。devoted adj.献身的;忠诚的;专心的。 devotion n.奉献,深爱。如:
They are devoted to their children.他们深爱着他们的孩子。
First of all,I respected his devotion to teaching.首先,我尊重他对教学的奉献。
She devoted herself to tennis in her teens.她在十几岁时就投身网球运动。
(2)常用的固定结构。
devote oneself to sth./doing sth.致力……,投身……;devote one’s attention to... 专心……;devote one’s life/time/money/energy to sth./doing sth.把某人的一生/时 间/金钱/精力投入……/用于……;in devotion to在献身……时,为……献身;be devoted to n./pron./doing sth.献身……。
【典型例题】
Many college students     themselves     teaching children in villages during the holiday.
A. devote;to B. depend;on
C. connect;with D. start;from
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:许多大学生在假期里致力教乡村里的孩子们。devote oneself to...致力……;depend on取决于,依赖;connect...with...把……与……联系 起来;start from从……开始。
【现学现练】
(1)To win medals at the next Asian Youth Games,she two hours every day     practicing her strongest event.
A. takes;off B. spends;for
C. devotes;to D. puts;away
【解析】句意:为了在下一届亚洲青年运动会上获得奖牌,她每天花两个小时练 习她最擅长的项目。takes...off休假;B项,应为spends...(in) doing... for...在做……花费(时间/金钱);devotes...to...把……奉献给……; puts...away把……收好。
C
(2)The research team themselves     finding new ways to store solar power more efficiently.
A. devoted;to B. looked;for
C. waited;for D. argued;about
【解析】句意:研究团队全身心投入寻找更高效储存太阳能的新方法。devote oneself to doing sth.表示“全身心投入做某事”;looked for寻找;waited for等 待;argued about争论。
A
12. take measures to do sth.采取措施/步骤/行动做某事
【课文再现】
Recently,the company is taking measures to improve the quality of its products.最 近,该公司正在采取措施提高产品质量。
【归纳拓展】
(1)take measures/steps/action to do sth.采取措施/步骤/行动做某事。如:
We must take measures to control the situation.我们必须采取措施控制局势。
(2)measure v.测量;量……的尺寸(for);估量,判定;(物)有……长 (宽、高等)。如:
Measure me for a new suit.请替我量身做新衣。
(3)measure n.量器,大小;尺度,标准;手段,措施,方法。如:
make clothes to one’s measure量体裁衣
The Richter Scale is a measure of ground motion.里氏震级是测量地动的单位。
Strong/Hard measures should be taken against wrongdoers.对违法犯罪者应采取强硬 的手段。
【典型例题】
To improve air quality,the local government     reduce carbon emissions and plant more trees along roads.
A. takes measures to B. gives up
C. looks after D. finds out
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:为了改善空气质量,当地政府采取措施减少碳排放,并在道路 两旁种植更多树木。take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事;give up放弃; look after照顾;find out查明。
【现学现练】
(1)Schools ensure students have proper lighting and take breaks during long study hours to protect their eyesight.
A. take risks to B. take measures to
C. take part in D. take off
【解析】句意:学校采取措施确保学生在长时间学习时有合适的照明和恰当休 息,以保护他们的视力。take risks to do sth.冒险做某事;take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事;take part in参加;take off脱下(衣物),(飞机)起飞。
B
(2)Before the rainy season,the village build higher dams(堤坝) and clear blocked ditches(水沟) to avoid floods damage.
A. takes measures to B. waits for
C. turns down D. gets off
【解析】句意:在雨季来临前,村里采取措施修建更高的堤坝并疏通堵塞的沟 渠,以避免洪水损害。take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事;wait for等待; turn down拒绝,调低;get off下车,离开。
A
13. insist on坚持
【课文再现】
He has insisted on opening only one store,although a single work by him can sell at over 10,000 US dollars.他坚持只开一家店,尽管他的一件作品可以卖到1万美元 以上。
【归纳拓展】
(1)insist可作及物动词或不及物动词。它用作及物动词时,其后通常只接 that 从句作宾语,而不能接名词或代词作宾语,也不能接不定式或动名词作宾语。它 作“坚持”解时,要用陈述语气;作“坚决主张,坚决要求”解时,用虚拟语 气。insist用法与suggest相似。如:
When the son suggested that they (should)go to the park on Sunday,the expression on his father’s face suggested that he agreed with him.当儿子提议他们星期天去公园 时,他父亲脸上的表情表明他同意他(儿子)的意见。(suggest作“建议”解 时,后面从句用虚拟语气,作“表明”解时,用陈述语气)
They insisted that he (should)be present at the ceremony.他们坚决要求他出席这 次典礼。
(2)insist vi.坚持;坚决主张;坚决认为(on,upon);坚决要求。如:
I insist on your being present.=I insist that you (should)be present.请您 务必到场。
【典型例题】
Even though the weather was bad,the runner     practicing every morning to prepare for the national race.
A. insisted on B. gave up
C. turned down D. looked after
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:即使天气不好,这个跑步选手仍坚持每天早上训练,为全国比 赛做准备。insist on坚持;give up放弃;turn down拒绝,调低;look after照 顾。insist on doing sth.坚持做某事。
【现学现练】
(1)Many pupils using reusable bottles and bags to reduce plastic waste in their school.
A. depended on B. insisted on
C. took on D. put on
【解析】句意:许多小学生坚持使用可重复利用的水瓶和袋子,以减少校园里的 塑料垃圾。depended on依赖,取决于;insisted on坚持;took on承担,雇用; put on穿上,上演。insist on doing sth.坚持做某事。
B
(2)The master chef keeping the old ways of preparing dishes to pass the real taste to the next generation.
A. asked for B. looked for
C. insisted on D. waited for
【解析】句意:这个大厨坚持保持传统的烹饪方法,把真正的味道传给下一代。 asked for请求;looked for寻找;insisted on坚持;waited for等待。insist on doing sth.坚持做某事。
C
精 讲 三  句 型
14. With the key in hand,the builder couldn’t say a word.手里拿着钥匙,建筑工人 一句话也说不出来。
【归纳拓展】
With the key in hand为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构。“with+宾语+ 宾语补足语”的复合结构又称为with结构,在句中表示状态或说明背景情况,常 作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。通常有以下几种形式:
(1)with+宾语+形容词(宾补)。如:
He likes to sleep with the window open.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
(2)with+宾语+副词(宾补)。如:
With her son away from home,she was worried.因为她的儿子不在身边, 她很担心。
(3)with+宾语+介词短语(宾补)。如:
The girl with a bag on her back went happily to school.那个女孩背着书包高高兴兴 地去上学。
(4)with+宾语+现在分词(宾补)。如:
With a local guide leading the way,we got there easily.有当地的导游带路,我们很 容易就到了那里。
(5)with+宾语+过去分词(宾补)。如:
With the problem solved,we went on smoothly.问题解决了,我们一切顺利。
(6)with+宾语+动词不定式(宾补)。如:
With her teacher to help her,she will work it out.在她老师的帮助下,她会解决这 个问题的。
(7)with+宾语+名词(宾补)。如:
He died with his daughter yet a school girl.他去世时,他的女儿还是个学生。
【典型例题】
John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work      ,he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing
C. having finished D. was finished
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:约翰收到一个晚宴的邀请,因为他的工作已经完成,他高兴地 接受了它(邀请)。根据题干可知,句子含有with复合结构,且动词finish与his work 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。
【现学现练】
(1) ,the volunteers picked up rubbish along the river and planted flowers to make it more beautiful.
A. With songs singing B. With music playing loudly
C. With baskets full of waste D. With gloves wearing
【解析】句意:志愿者们提着装满垃圾的篮子,沿河捡垃圾并种花,让它变得更 漂亮。根据题干可知,句子含有with复合结构,A、B、D三项中,songs和sing, music和play,gloves和wear之间均为被动关系故均应用过去分词,即with songs sang,with music played loudly和with gloves wore。根据句意和语境可知,C项 表示“篮子装满垃圾”的状态,符合题意。
C
(2)Many students are taking online courses screens and explaining key points on the video.
A. with teachers share B. with teachers shared
C. with teachers sharing D. with teachers to share
【解析】句意:许多学生正在上网课,由老师共享屏幕讲解重点。根据题干可 知,句子含有with复合结构,且动词teachers和share之间是主动关系,故用现在 分词。
C
15. In order to promote the folk art,he has not only tried his best to improve his skills,but also asked art researchers to study the artistic value of clay figure making. 为了推广民间艺术,他不仅尽力提高自己的技艺,还请艺术研究人员研究泥塑制 作的艺术价值。
【归纳拓展】
“not only...but also...”是英语中常见的连词,意为“不但……而且……”。 其常见用法如下:
(1)主要用于连接两个对等的成分;若连接两个主语,其后谓语动词与最近的 主语的人称和数保持一致,即“就近原则”。类似的并列连词有 “neither...nor...”“either...or...”“whether...or...”“not only...but also...”“not...but...”。与“就近原则”相对的是“就远原则”,即当连接 两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较远的主语的人称和数保持一致。这类连词有as well as,(together/along)with,rather than,like,except,besides,but, including,in addition to,apart from,aside from。如:
She likes not only music but also sports.她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动。
The place was not only cold,but also damp.那个地方不但很冷而且很潮湿。
He as well as his colleagues is responsible for the project.他和他的同事们都负责这 个项目。
(2)“not only...but also...”中的also通常可以省略,或换成too,as well(置 于句末),有时甚至连but also一并省略掉。如:
He not only washed the car,but polished it too/as well.他不仅冲洗了汽车,还擦拭 了它。
Justice must not only be done;it must be seen to be done.正义不仅必须伸张,必须 (让人)看到它(正义)得到了伸张。
【典型例题】
Not only the writer Mo Yan     the scientist Tu Youyou     popular books to children in poor areas last month.
A. and;gave B. but also;gives
C. but also;gave D. and;gives
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:上个月,不仅作家莫言,科学家屠呦呦也给贫困地区的孩子们 送去了畅销书。not only...but also...表示“不但……而且……”。根据时间状 语last month可知,句子时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用gave。
【现学现练】
(1)These students are not only AI tools to study better     joining in the community service to help the elderly.
A. using;and B. used;but also
C. using;but also D. used;and
【解析】句意:这些学生不仅使用人工智能工具更好地学习,而且参加社区 服务帮助老人。此处not only...but also...连接两个并列的动名词短语, 表示递进关系。
C
(2)The city has not only improved bus services built more bike lanes(行车 道) to make travel greener and faster.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
【解析】句意:该市不仅改善了公交服务,而且修建了更多自行车道,使出行更 绿色快捷。此处not only...but (also)...连接两个谓语动词,表示市政的两项 举措,其中also可省略。
C
16. If he had known he was building his own house,he would have done it differently.如果他知道他是在建他自己的房子,他会做得不一样。
【归纳拓展】
“If...had done...,...would have done...”意为“如果……,……就 会……”,是if引导的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事 实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测,主要用于if引导的虚拟条件状语从句 中,也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。常见用法及结构如下:
(1)名词性从句中的虚拟语气:(should)+动词原形。
(2)条件从句中的虚拟语气:
①三种基本情况。
表示虚拟的时 间 if从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
现在 did/were would (should/might/could)+do
过去 had done/had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)
将来 were to/should do/过去 式 would (should/might/could)+do
与现在事实相反:If I had enough money,I would buy a book.如果我有足够的 钱,我会买一本书。
与过去事实相反:If I had had enough money,I would have bought a book.如果我 有足够的钱,我就会买一本书。
与将来事实相反:If I were to have enough money,I would buy a book.=If I had enough money,I would buy a book.如果我有足够的钱,我就会买一本书。
②倒装虚拟句(只能与过去/将来事实相反,省去if,只有三种倒装形式)。如:
如果我有足够的钱,我就会买一本书。
Had I had enough money,I would have bought a book.(表示与过去事实相反)
Were I to have enough money,I would buy a book.(表示与将来事实相反)
③混时虚拟句(关键是要区分时间状语的不同)。如:
If I had studied English at school,I could read the English novel now.如果我在学校 学过英语,我现在就可以读这本英语小说了。(从句对过去事实虚拟,主句对现 在事实虚拟)
If she were not so careless,she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.如果她没有那么 粗心,她就不会犯这样的错误。(从句对现在事实虚拟,主句对过去事实虚拟)
④暗示虚拟语气(情态动词完成式)。
should have done 本该做……却没做……;shouldn’t have done 不该做……却做 了……;needn’t have done 没必要做……却做了……。如:
They should have done it much more earlier.他们早就应该这么做了。(实际上以前 没有)
(3)其他情形中的虚拟语气。
①wish希望,祝愿,后接宾语从句,且从句中通常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反 或不大可能实现的愿望。如:
I wish I knew the answer.我希望我知道这个答案。(与现在事实相反)
②if only...意为“要是……多好”,句子通常用虚拟语气。如:
If only he had followed your advice!要是他听从你的建议多好!(与过去 事实相反)
If only the rain would stop.要是雨停就好了。(与将来事实相反)
③It is (high/about)time...意为“是该做……的时候了”,后面的从句用虚拟 语气,即谓语动词用过去式。如:
It is high time you thought about your future.是该思考你的未来的时候了。
【典型例题】
If more people     bicycles instead of driving cars,the air pollution in cities would be much less.
A. ride B. rode
C. will ride D. rides
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:如果更多的人骑自行车而不是开车,城市空气污染会少得多。 根据句意可知,此处是对现在情况的假设,要用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气:If +主语+动词过去式,主语+would+动词原形。ride的过去式是rode。
【现学现练】
(1)If the village better drainage systems(排水系统) last year,the flood would not have destroyed so many homes.
A. builds B. built C. had built D. building
【解析】句意:如果去年村里建了更好的排水系统,洪水就不会毁坏那么多房 屋。分析可知,此处是对过去事实的假设,要用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气:If +主语+had done,主语+would have done。build的过去分词是built,所以用 空处had built。
(2)If she free time this weekend,she would help clean the park with other volunteers.
A. has B. had C. will have D. is having
C
B
【解析】句意:如果她这个周末有空闲时间,她就会和其他志愿者一起去打扫公 园。分析可知,这是对现在/将来不太可能实现的假设,用与现在事实相反的虚 拟语气:If+主语+动词过去式,主语+would do。have的过去式是had。
语法聚焦
Attributive clauses(定语从句)
一、定语从句的定义
  修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定 语从句的词叫关系词,关系词代替先行词在从句中充当基本句子成分。关系词可 分为关系代词和关系副词两类。关系代词作主语、宾语、表语或定语,关系副词 作状语。关系代词有which,that,who,whom,whose;关系副词有when, where,why。
二、关系代词的用法
1. who 引导的定语从句。
关系代词who只能指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。如:
A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to students.老师是把知识传授给学生的 人。(作主语)
He is the person who we should learn from.他是我们应该向他学习的人。 (作宾语)
2. whom引导的定语从句。
关系代词whom只能指人,是who的宾格,在从句中作宾语,在口语中通常可省 略。如:
The man whom you met on the street is my father.昨天你在街上遇见的那个人是我 父亲。(作宾语)
The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.昨天和你谈话的那个女人后天会来这儿。(作宾语)
3. that引导的定语从句。
关系代词 that既可指人,又可指物,在从句中既可以作主语,又可以作宾语。that 作宾语时可以省略,但不能直接跟在介词后。如:
She is the woman that often comes here.她就是经常来这儿的女人。(作主语)
The magazine that I bought yesterday is lost.我昨天买的杂志丢了。(作宾语)
The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane.仍在等待的乘客和行李箱不得不被转移到另一架飞机上。(作主语)
4. which引导的定语从句。
关系代词which一般指物,在从句中既可以作主语,也可以作宾语,作宾语时可 以省略。如:
That is the pencil which I lost yesterday.那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。(作宾语)
China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 (作主语)
5. whose引导的定语从句。
关系代词whose是who的所有格,在从句中作定语,既可指人,又可指物。如:
This is the boy whose parents went abroad last year.这是那个父母在去年出国的男 孩。(作定语)
【注意】“whose+名词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语,又能作宾语。 whose的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可 以与of which结构互换,词序是“the+名词+of which/whom”。如:
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.=They came to a house the back wall of which had broken down.他们来到一座后墙已经倒塌的房子。
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.=He’s written a book whose name I’ve completely forgotten.他写了一本书,书名我完全忘了。
三、使用关系代词引导定语从句的注意事项
1. 当先行词指人时,许多情况下既可以用 that也可以用who,但在下列情况下, 应用who而不用that。
(1)当先行词是those,one,ones,anyone时,应用 who。如:
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何犯法的人都应该受到惩罚。
Those who want to see the film sign up here.想看这部电影的人在这里报名。
(2)当一个句子有两个定语从句时,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that,另一 个用who。如:
The boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们的班长,他学习很努力。
2. 当先行词指物时,在许多情况下,既可以用关系代词which,也可以用关系代 词that。但在下列情况中,只能用关系代词that,而不用which。
(1)当先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything 等时。如:
All that he told me is true.他告诉我的一切都是真的。
(2)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:
This is the second classroom that I am in.这是我在的第二间教室。
(3)当先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等词修饰时。如:
There is little water that you can use.你能用的水几乎没有。
(4)当先行词被the only,the very,the same(指同一个),the last等修 饰时。如:
This is the very class that I am looking for.这恰恰是我要找的课程。
(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。如:
The foreign guests spoke highly of the children and their shows that they saw in the kindergarten.外宾们对在幼儿园看到的孩子们和他们的表演给予了高度评价。
四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,先行词若表示人,关系代词就只能 用whom;先行词若表示事物,关系代词就只能用which,即“介词+ whom/which”。在这一结构中,介词的选择取决于介词和定语从句中的谓语动词 的习惯搭配,介词和前面先行词的习惯搭配,表示“所属关系”或整体中的一部 分时常用of,以及介词和定语从句中的形容词的习惯搭配。如:
The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.刚才和你谈话 的那个人明天将主持会议。
He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 他正在和房东就公寓每月的租金讨价还价。
Our factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80% of which are sold abroad.我们工厂每年生产50万双鞋,其中80%销往国外。
2. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置 于关系代词之前。如:
This is the pen which I’m looking for.这就是我正在找的那支钢笔。
The boys (whom)he is looking after are very healthy.他照看的男孩们都很健康。
五、关系副词的用法
1. when引导的定语从句。
when指时间,在从句中作时间状语。when引导定语从句时,先行词通常有time, day,morning,night,week,year等。如:
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.我仍然记得我刚成为 一名大学生的时候。
Do you know the date when Lu Xun was born?你知道鲁迅的出生日期吗?
2. where引导的定语从句。
where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。where引导定语从句时,先行词通常有 place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。如:
This is the hotel where they are staying.这是他们暂住的旅馆。
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.我忘了史密斯一家住过的房子。
3. why引导的定语从句。
why指原因或理由,其引导定语从句时,先行词只有reason。如:
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.这就是他这么快就要离开的原因。
【注意】(1)when,where,why在意义上都相当于“介词+which”结 构:when=on/in/at/during...+which;where=in/at/on...+which;why =for which。如:
The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.他工作的办 公室在三楼。
This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.这是我们做这件事的 主要原因。
(2)当先行词是表示时间的time,day等和表示地点的place,house等时,一定要 注意分析从句的结构。当缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that;当缺少 时间状语或地点状语时,关系词应该用when或where。如:
I’ll never forget the day when/on which my hometown was liberated.我永远不会忘记 我家乡解放的那一天。
I’ll never forget the days that/which we spent together last summer.我永远不会忘记去 年夏天我们一起度过的日子。
(3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 而why只能引导限制性定语从句。如:
I live in a small town,where there is a beautiful lake.我住在一个小镇上,那里有一 个美丽的湖。
六、非限制性定语从句
1. 非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中,which或as的先行词可以是一个词,也可以是一句 话。如:
He made great progress in this term,which made his parents very pleased.这学期他 取得了很大的进步,这使他的父母很高兴。
As is known to all,the earth is bigger than the moon.众所周知,地球比月球大。
七、重点:as和which的区别
1. 定语从句置于句首时,用as而不用which。如:
As we can see/As is seen,this apple is bigger than that one.正如我们所看到的,这 个苹果比那个苹果大。
2. as常用于被动语态中,而在主动语态中,多使用which。如:
He passed the exam,as is expected.如预料的那样,他通过了考试。
3. as意为“正如”,常指意料之中的事情,后面谓语动词多是see,know, expect,say,mention,report 等。如:
We won the match,as we had expected.正如我们所预料的那样,我们赢得 了比赛。
He agreed to the plan,as was to be expected.他同意了这个计划,这是意料 之中的。
【注意】as we know=as is known  as we expect=as is expected。
4. “the same...as”“such...as”“as...as”等结构中,用as不用which。如:
I don’t like such an idea as he told me.我不喜欢他告诉我的那个想法。
This is the same book as you bought yesterday.这和你昨天买的那本书一样。
I never give my students such a difficult question as no one can work out.我从来不给 我的学生出谁也解不出来的难题。
【注意】“the same...as”指同类不同物,“the same...that”指同一个事物。
变式练习
单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填在题 前括号里)
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
【解析】句意:她是青年运动会上获得奖牌的运动员之一。分析可知,空处 引导定语从句,先行词players指人,且在从句中作主语,应用关系代词 who引导该从句。
A
A. why B. which C. whom D. where
【解析】句意:这就是我爸爸在那里出生的那个村庄。分析可知,空处引导定语 从句,先行词是the village,在定语从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导 该从句。
D
A. who B. which C. whose D. where
【解析】句意:我们加入了学校里旨在重复利用废料的项目。先行词project与从 句中的goal是所属关系,应用whose引导该从句,表示“……的”。
C
A. when;which B. that;which
C. which;that D. when;that
【解析】句意:我永远不会忘记我在农村和农民一起生活的那些年,这对我后来 的生活有很大的影响。第一个空,引导限制性定语从句,先行词是those years, 在从句中作时间状语,应使用关系副词when引导该从句;第二个空,引导非限 制性定语从句,先行词those years在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which引导 该从句。
A
A. which is against B. who are against
C. that against D. who is against
【解析】句意:任何人反对这个观点,都可以说出来。定语从句中缺少引导词和 谓语。先行词是anyone,指人时,应用who引导定语从句。against是介词,前面 要加be动词,才能构成谓语。从句谓语动词由anyone决定,故应用is。
D
学以致用
一、单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填 在题前括号里)
—Of course.     .
A. That should be terrible B. It’s none of your business
C. I am sorry to hear that D. That sounds like fun
【解析】句意:——妈妈,周日邀请我的一些朋友来参加这个聚会怎样?——当 然可以。那听起来很有趣。A项意为“那应该很糟糕”;B项意为“这与你无 关”;C项意为“我很抱歉听到那个消息”;D项意为“那听起来很有趣”。根 据句意和语境可知,D项最佳。
D
A. combine B. combining
C. combined D. combination
【解析】句意:所有科学家都认为理论必须同实践相结合。combine组合,结 合。be combined with意为“与……结合”,为固定搭配。
C
A. devoted B. decided
C. explored D. inspired
【解析】句意:自从毕业,她就全身心地投入家庭。devote投入,奉献;decide 决定;explore探索;inspire鼓舞。devote oneself to...意为“投身……,致 力……”,为固定结构。
A
A. famous for B. fond of
C. proud of D. famous as
【解析】句意:他因作为一名熟练的工匠而闻名。be famous for因为……而出 名;be fond of喜欢;be proud of 以……为傲,为……自豪;be famous as作 为……而出名。根据句意可知,此处表示作为一名熟练的工匠而闻名。
D
A. / B. that C. which D. whom
【解析】句意:海伦是和我一起长大的人,所以我已经认识她很多年了。在介词 置于关系代词之前的定语从句中,当先行词指人时,关系代词用whom,不用 who或that;当先行词指物时,关系代词用which。本句中,定语从句的先行词为 someone,指人,故关系代词用whom。
D
二、阅读理解(根据短文内容,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意 的最佳选项填在题前括号里)
  Folk art is a special part of our culture.It shows the wisdom,feelings,and traditions of ordinary people.In China,there are many kinds of folk art,such as paper-cutting,shadow puppetry,embroidery,and clay sculpture.These arts have been passed down from parents to children for thousands of years.
In recent years,young people have shown growing interest in folk art.At a community center in Beijing,a group of middle school students learned paper- cutting from an old artist.They created red paper flowers and animals for the Spring Festival.“I felt proud to make something so beautiful with my own hands,” said Li Hua,one of the students.
Some schools have also started clubs for folk art.In Guangdong,a high school invites shadow puppetry performers to teach students how to move the puppets and tell ancient stories in a lively way.Students not only enjoy the performances but also learn teamwork and patience.
To let more people know about folk art,museums and online platforms hold exhibitions and live shows.During last year’s Mid-Autumn Festival,an online show of paper-cutting attracted over a million viewers.Folk art is no longer just something kept in villages;it is becoming part of modern life and helping young people understand their roots.
Experts believe that protecting and sharing folk art can make our culture richer and bring people closer together.As one teacher said,“Folk art is like a bridge linking the past and the present.”
A. Oil painting. B. Paper-cutting.
C. Street dance. D. Pop music.
【解析】根据“...such as paper-cutting,shadow puppetry, embroidery,and clay sculpture.”可知,文中提及的民间艺术有剪纸、 皮影戏、刺绣和泥塑。
B
A. In a museum. B. At a community center in Beijing.
C. On an online platform. D. In a village school.
【解析】根据“At a community center in Beijing,a group of middle school students learned paper-cutting from an old artist.”可知,在北京的一个社区中 心,一群中学生跟着一名老艺人学习剪纸。
B
A. How to draw ancient pictures.
B. How to move puppets and tell stories.
C. How to sell puppets online.
D. How to write stories for books.
【解析】根据“In Guangdong,a high school invites shadow puppetry performers to teach students how to move the puppets and tell ancient stories...”可知,广东的一所高中邀请皮影戏表演者来教学生如何操纵皮影以 及讲述古老的故事。
B
A. Over ten thousand. B. Over one hundred thousand.
C. Over one million. D. Over ten million.
【解析】根据“...an online show of paper-cutting attracted over a million viewers.”可知,去年中秋节期间,一场线上剪纸表演吸引了超过 一百万名观众。
C
A. Modern Paintings Around the World
B. The History of Online Shopping
C. Folk Art: Colors of Our Culture
D. How to Make Clay Sculptures
【解析】全文围绕民间艺术展开,介绍其种类、现状与意义,因此C项“民间艺 术:我们文化的色彩”最适合作为文章标题。
C
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