(共87张PPT)
拓展模块
Unit 7 Finding a Job
单元导读
本单元主要考查如何找到一份工作,了解求职的话题,在工作面试中如何获取和 提供信息。从一次求职经历中学习如何写一封求职信,了解求职的基本知识和包 含的关键信息。掌握并运用非谓语动词在句子中担当的成分及其用法。
知识精讲
精 讲 一 词 汇
1. applicant n.申请人
【课文再现】
Job Applicant’s Information.工作申请者的信息。
【归纳拓展】
(1)apply v.申请,应用,运用。application n.申请。applicant n.申请人(尤指 求职、进高等学校等)。如:
The application of new technology to teaching is very effective.新技术在教学上的应 用是非常有效的。
He has filed his application for funds.他已递交了他的资金申请书。
(2)apply的常用固定短语。
apply for申请。apply to涂抹,贴;适于;运用;专心。 如:
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.安全驾驶的规则适用于每个人。
Apply some medicine to his wound.给他的伤口涂抹些药。
He applied himself to his new job.他专心于他的新工作。
【典型例题】
After living in China for 15 years,he finally decided to Chinese citizenship.
A. look for B. apply for
C. prepare for D. wait for
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:在中国生活了15年之后,他终于决定申请中国国籍。look for寻 找;apply for申请;prepare for为……做准备;wait for等待。此处指申请中国 国籍,用apply for。
【现学现练】
(1)Many students for places at top universities before the deadline last month.
A. looked B. applied C. called D. cared
【解析】句意:许多学生在上个月截止日期前申请了顶尖大学的入学名额。 looked for寻找;applied for申请;called for呼吁,需要;cared for照料,喜欢。
(2)The club says anyone can to join in the city park clean- up.All must arrive at 8:00 am.
A. apply;applicants B. applicant;applicants
C. apply;application D. applicant;applications
B
A
【解析】句意:俱乐部说任何人都可以申请参加城市公园清扫活动。所有申请者 必须在上午8点钟到达。apply to do申请做……;applicants申请者。
2. delay v.推迟,耽搁
【课文再现】
I did not call the company when I got delayed on my way.当我在路上被拖延时,我 没有打电话给公司。
【归纳拓展】
(1)delay n.耽搁,延迟;vt.使耽搁,延误;vt.推迟,使延期;vi.拖延。如:
His delay made the teacher very angry.他的耽搁使老师非常生气。
(2)delay doing sth.推迟做某事;delay for耽搁……时间。如:
They delayed having the meeting.他们推迟开会。
The train has been delayed for two hours.火车被延误了两个小时。
【典型例题】
(2026届安徽省中职“江淮十校”第一次学情监测)Our school moving to the new campus due to the lack of necessary equipment last time.
A. delay B. delays C. delayed D. delaying
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:上次由于缺乏必要的设备,我们学校推迟了搬去新校区。根据 题干及last time可知,此句描述的是过去发生的动作,即过去由于缺乏必要的设 备而推迟搬到新校区,句子时态应该用一般过去时。
【现学现练】
(1)The builders had to finishing the new road because of the heavy rain last week.
A. delay B. enjoy C. finish D. forget
【解析】句意:由于上周的大雨,建筑工人们不得不推迟完成新路。delay doing sth.表示“推迟做某事”。
(2)Passengers should check the app for any before going to the station, especially in bad weather.
A. delays B. tickets C. seats D. maps
【解析】句意:乘客在去火车站前应查看应用程序上的任何延误信息,尤其是在 恶劣天气下。delays延误信息;tickets票;seats座位;maps地图。
A
A
3. export n.&v.出口
【课文再现】
I want to apply for the export salesperson position.我想申请出口销售这一职位。
【归纳拓展】
export n.&v.出口,输出,出口品。import n.&v.进口,输入。如:
The islands export sugar and fruit.这些岛屿出口糖和水果。
The value of exports is increasing.出口产品的价值正在上升。
【典型例题】
Many farms in Shandong fresh fruit other countries to grow their business.
A. import;from B. export;to
C. send;for D. buy;from
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:山东的许多农场把新鲜水果出口到其他国家,以发展他们的业 务。import...from...从……进口……;export...to...将……出口到……; send for派人去请;buy...from...从……购买……。
【现学现练】
(1)Smartphones are a major of our country,and sales to Europe have risen this year.
A. import B. export C. gift D. toy
【解析】句意:智能手机是我国的主要出口商品,今年对欧洲的销量有所上升。 export作名词时,表示“出口商品”,符合题意。
(2)A company that sends Chinese-made cars to other nations is called a (n) .
A. importer B. shopper
C. exporter D. builder
【解析】句意:把中国制造的汽车销往其他国家的公司叫出口商。importer进口 商;shopper购物者;exporter出口商;builder建造者。
B
C
4. financial adj.金融的,财政的
【课文再现】
I worked as an assistant at a financial company after graduating from college.我大学 毕业后在一家金融公司做一名助理。
【归纳拓展】
financially adv.财政上,金融上。finance n.金融,资金。financial adj.财政的,金 融的。finances n.(个人、组织、国家的)财力,财源,基金。financier n.金融 家。如:
His main task is to raise enough finance to repay loans.他的主要任务是筹集足够的 资金偿还贷款。
【典型例题】
The government gives help to young people who want to start their own business.
A. physical B. financial
C. medical D. musical
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:政府给想创业的年轻人提供经济上的帮助。physical身体的; financial经济上的,资金上的;medical医疗的;musical音乐的。
【现学现练】
(1)Our school raised money to improve its situation so that more clubs could run well.
A. emotional B. social C. financial D. natural
【解析】句意:我们学校筹款改善财务状况,以便更多社团能顺利开展。 emotional情绪的;social社会的;financial金融的,财政的;natural自然的。 financial situation财务状况。
(2)Some rich countries gave support to areas hit by the earthquake to rebuild homes and schools.
A. legal B. financial C. historical D. personal
C
B
【解析】句意:一些富裕国家向地震灾区提供了资金援助,以重建房屋和学校。 financial support意为“资金支持,财政支持”,符合题意。
5. fluently adv.流利地
【课文再现】
Qualifications:Can speak fluent English资格:能说流利的英语
【归纳拓展】
fluent adj.流利的。fluency n.流利。如:
He is fluent in English.他的英语很流畅。
【典型例题】
Many students practice English every day so they can speak in the online lessons with foreign teachers.
A. slowly B. fluently C. quietly D. calmly
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:许多学生每天练习英语,这样他们就能在与外教的在线课程中 流利地说英语。slowly慢地;fluently流利地;quietly安静地;calmly冷静地。
【现学现练】
(1)The winner of the city contest can read the text and make the audience enjoy listening.
A. loudly B. fluently C. angrily D. suddenly
【解析】句意:市赛冠军能流利地朗读文本,让听众听得开心。loudly大声地; fluently流利地;angrily生气地;suddenly突然地。
(2)During the exchange,Tom learns to write so he can share his ideas with friends from other countries.
A. angrily B. carefully C. fluently D. happily
B
C
【解析】句意:在交流期间,汤姆学习流利地写作,以便与外国朋友分享他的想 法。angrily生气地;carefully仔细地;fluently流利地;happily开心地。write fluently 表示“流利地书写”,符合句意。
6. hire v.雇用,租用,聘用
【课文再现】
A big travel agency is hiring a project assistant.一家大的旅行社正在聘用一个项目 助理。
【归纳拓展】
hire v.&n.租用,雇用。其常用固定结构:hire out出租,租出。如:
We can hire sales people to promote the goods.我们可以雇用销售人员去推销货物。
Maybe we can hire a room to live in.或许我们能租一个房间住。
【典型例题】
Many visitors bikes to ride around the city and enjoy the sights during the holiday.
A. lent B. hired C. sold D. repaired
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:假期里,许多游客租赁自行车在城市里骑行观光。lent借出; hired租用;sold卖;repaired修理。
【现学现练】
(1)The café two students to work part-time during the summer vacation.
A. taught B. hired C. invited D. called
【解析】句意:这家咖啡馆在暑假期间雇了两名学生做兼职。hire sb.表示“雇 用某人”,符合题意。
(2)To prepare for the city marathon,the committee extra helpers to set up signs and check paths.
A. fired B. hired C. painted D. waited
【解析】句意:为筹备城市马拉松比赛,组委会雇用额外帮手设置标志和检查路 线。fired解雇;hired雇用;painted粉刷;waited等待。
B
B
7. qualification n.资历;条件
【课文再现】
What qualifications do you have?你有什么资历?
【归纳拓展】
qualification n.资历,条件。qualify v.具有资格。其常用固定短语:qualify for使 有……资格。qualified adj.有资格的,有条件的。如:
In the first place,he has the right qualification.首先,他有适当的资格。
He is too young to qualify for a place in the team.他太年轻了,还不够资格成为一名 正式队员。
【典型例题】
To work as a volunteer guide,you need a in first aid and good communication skills.
A. hobby B. qualification C. ticket D. picture
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:要担任志愿导游,你需要具备急救资格和良好的沟通技巧。 hobby爱好;qualification 资格,资历,条件;ticket票;picture图片。这里指具 备急救资格。
【现学现练】
(1)One for joining the photography club is the ability to take clear photos.
A. game B. quality
C. qualification D. gift
【解析】句意:加入摄影俱乐部的一个条件是能够拍出清晰的照片。game游 戏;quality质量;qualification条件,资格;gift天赋。
C
(2)Students who want to join the overseas study tour must have good in English and a positive attitude.
A. qualifications B. uniforms
C. meals D. seats
【解析】句意:想要参加海外游学的学生必须具备良好的英语能力和积极的态 度。qualifications表示“资格,资质”,这里指语言能力等方面的条件。 uniforms制服;meals餐食;seats座位。
A
8. quit v.辞职,停止
【课文再现】
But I quit two weeks ago.但是两周前我辞职了。
【归纳拓展】
quit v.离开,离去。quit doing sth.停止做某事;quit as辞去……职位,离开,离 任。如:
He quit the show last year because of bad health.去年他因身体欠佳而退出了表演。
He was forced to quit as the team’s manager.他被迫辞去团队经理的职务。
【典型例题】
To stay healthy,Mr Li decided to smoking after he learned about its dangers.
A. start B. quit C. enjoy D. forget
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:为了保持健康,李先生了解到吸烟的危害后决定戒烟。quit smoking戒烟。
【现学现练】
(1)The young engineer his job to start his own company and follow his dream.
A. found B. quit C. kept D. lost
【解析】句意:这名年轻工程师辞去了工作,创办了自己的公司,追寻自己的梦 想。quit one’s job表示“辞职”,符合题意。
(2)After the match,Anna the school basketball team to spend more time on her studies.
A. joined B. trained
C. quit D. watched
B
C
【解析】句意:比赛后,安娜退出校篮球队,把更多时间花在学习上。quit the team表示“退出队伍”,符合题意。
9. match v.与……相匹配
【课文再现】
I want to find a job that can better match my professional skills.我想找一份更与我的 专业技能相符的工作。
【归纳拓展】
match n.比赛,竞赛;相似之物,相配之物;火柴;v.相配,相似,配对,适 应。其常用短语:match...with...把……和……相匹配。如:
Please match these sentences with the correct Chinese meanings.请把这些句子和正确 的汉语意思相匹配。
The baseball team appeared to be a match for the world championship.那支棒球队似 乎有能力争夺世界冠军。
The match flared and went out.火柴闪了一下就灭了。
【典型例题】
Thousands of fans watched the football between the two city teams last night.
A. lesson B. match
C. concert D. exam
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:昨晚成千上万的球迷观看了两支城市球队之间的足球比赛。 lesson课程;match比赛;concert音乐会;exam考试。football match足球比赛。
【现学现练】
(1)She chose a scarf that her coat perfectly for the winter fashion show.
A. broke B. matched C. cooked D. hid
【解析】句意:她为冬季时装秀选了一条与外套完美相配的围巾。此处match作 动词,表示“与……相配”。
(2)The boy lit a to see in the dark.
A. sweet B. snack C. match D. mood
【解析】句意:那个男孩点燃了一根火柴,以便在黑暗中看清。sweet糖果; snack零食,小吃;match比赛,火柴;mood心情,情绪。根据句意可知,此处 指点燃火柴。C
B
C
精 讲 二 短 语
10. be caught in 陷入困境,遭遇
【课文再现】
Unfortunately,I was caught in a terrible traffic jam.不幸的是,我遭遇了严重的交 通堵塞。
【归纳拓展】
与catch相关的短语:catch on理解,明白,流行;catch up (with sb.)赶上(某 人),追上(某人),赶上,达到(某种水平)。如:
I’m afraid we shall be caught in the heavy rain on the way.恐怕我们在路上 会遇到大雨。
Don’t let yourself be caught in a hard place.不要让你自己陷入困境。
You walk on and I’ll catch up with you later.你继续走,我过一会儿会赶上你的。
【典型例题】
On their way to school,many students the rain and got wet yesterday morning.
A. enjoyed B. avoided
C. were caught in D. looked for
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:昨天早上,很多学生在上学途中被雨淋湿了。be caught in the rain表示“被雨淋,被困在雨中”。
【现学现练】
(1)Because of the big parade,many drivers traffic for over an hour after work.
A. ran into B. were caught in
C. got off D. turned on
【解析】句意:由于盛大的游行,许多司机下班后被堵在路上超过一个小时。be caught in traffic表示“遇上堵车,被困在交通堵塞中”,符合句意。ran into偶 遇(人或问题);got off下车;turned on打开。
(2)Some hikers a sudden storm while climbing the mountain last weekend.
A. saw B. made C. were caught in D. left
【解析】句意:上周末,一些登山者在爬山时被突如其来的暴风雨困住了。be caught in a storm表示“遇上暴风雨,被困在暴风雨中”。
B
C
11. break down出故障,损坏,破裂,失灵,拆除,消除(尤指某种感情或 态度)
【课文再现】
...which happened to break down for 20 minutes.……碰巧地铁发生故障20分钟。
【归纳拓展】
与break相关的短语:break off 暂停,停止,中断,折断;break in 闯入,打断, 搅扰,插嘴说;break out 突然发生,爆发;break through 有进展,突破,凿穿; break up结束,破碎,分解。如:
My car has broken down.我的汽车出故障了。
Many branches broke off in the strong wind.许多树枝在强风中断了。
Don’t break in when he is telling a story.当他在讲故事时,别打断。
Influenza usually breaks out in spring.流行性感冒通常在春季发生。
【典型例题】
The school bus on the way to the museum,so all students had to walk the rest of the way.
A. turned off B. broke down
C. got up D. ran fast
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:校车在去博物馆的路上出故障了,因此所有学生不得不步行走 完剩下的路。turned off关掉;broke down出故障,抛锚;got up起床;ran fast 跑得快。
【现学现练】
(1)The talk between the TV company and the sports club because they could not agree on the price.
A. broke down B. looked up
C. went on D. set off
【解析】句意:电视公司和体育俱乐部之间的谈判破裂了,因为他们无法在价格 上达成一致。broke down可表示“谈判失败,谈判破裂”,符合题意。looked up查找;went on继续;set off出发。
(2)A heated argument between the couple over their financial problems.
A. broke into B. broke out
C. broke down D. broke up
A
B
【解析】句意:这对夫妇因财务问题爆发了激烈的争吵。broke into闯入;broke out爆发(战争、火灾等);broke down(机器、车辆或系统)出故障而停止工 作;broke up分手,破碎,结束。
12. work as...做……工作
【课文再现】
...worked as a secretary.……做秘书工作。
【归纳拓展】
与work相关的短语:work at在……工作;work out 解决,算出,制定出,锻炼; work on从事,致力,设法说服。如:
He has been working on a new novel for over a year now.近一年来,他一直在写一 部小说。
It wasn’t too long before we had worked out a plan acceptable to all.没多久我们就制 订了一个大家都接受的计划。
【典型例题】
My sister a nurse in the city hospital after she finished her studies.
A. played with B. waited for
C. looked at D. worked as
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:我姐姐完成学业后在城市医院担任护士。work as表示“担 任……,做……工作”。
【现学现练】
(1)During the school science fair,Tom a guide to show visitors around the exhibition rooms.
A. lived in B. studied for
C. talked about D. worked as
【解析】句意:在学校科学展期间,汤姆担任向导,带领参观者参观各个展厅。 work as意为“担任……,做……工作”。
(2)Lucy a shop assistant in the bookstore during her summer holiday.
A. worked as B. worked in
C. worked at D. worked for
【解析】句意:在暑假期间,露西在书店担任店员。work as意为“担任……, 做……工作”,此处表示以店员的身份工作。
D
A
精 讲 三 句 型
13. I graduated from Star Vocational School,where I majored in International Trade. 我从明星职业学校毕业,在这所学校我主修国际贸易。
【归纳拓展】
句中where是关系副词,引导非限制性定语从句,先行词Star Vocational School 在 定语从句中作地点状语。非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,去掉也不会 影响主句的意思。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开,而当非限制性定语从句放在句 子中间时,其前后都需要用逗号隔开。如:
I remember the city,where I have many good memories.我记得那座城市,在那里 我有很多美好的回忆。
【典型例题】
Mr Liu, has taught in our school for over twenty years,is known for his kind way with students.
A. whose B. which C. who D. where
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:刘老师已经在我们学校任教二十多年的,他以对学生和蔼著 称。先行词Mr Liu指人,且在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导该非限制性 定语从句。
【现学现练】
(1)The new library, opened last month,offers students a quiet place to study and read.
A. who B. whose C. which D. where
【解析】句意:上个月开放的新图书馆为学生提供了一个安静的学习和阅读场 所。先行词library指物,且在从句中作主语,故应用which引导该非限制性定语 从句。
(2)My cousin, mother is a famous painter,often shares interesting stories about art with us.
A. who B. which C. whose D. where
C
C
【解析】句意:我表哥经常和我们分享有趣的艺术故事,其母亲是一个著名画 家。先行词My cousin指人,且从句中缺少mother的定语,应用whose表示“…… 的”,引导非限制性定语从句。
14. I’ve been working as a clerk in a foreign trade company for one year.我在一家外 贸公司做职员,有一年了。
【归纳拓展】
现在完成进行时的基本结构为“have/has been+v.-ing”,表示动作从过去持续 到现在,甚至可能会持续到将来,强调进行的过程。如:
We have been reading English this morning.今天上午我们一直在读英语。
【典型例题】
Tom English every evening since he joined the language club last month.
A. has been learning B. learns
C. learned D. will learn
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:汤姆自上个月加入语言俱乐部以来,每天晚上一直学英语。动 作从过去开始持续到现在,并可能还在进行,句子时态用现在完成进行时,其结 构为have/has been doing sth.。
【现学现练】
(1)The students rubbish in the park every weekend for over two months to keep it clean.
A. collected B. have been collecting
C. collect D. will collect
【解析】句意:学生们每个周末一直在公园里收集垃圾有两个多月了,以保持公 园整洁。动作从两个月前开始,一直持续进行并有可能继续下去,句子时态用现 在完成进行时。
(2)Lily for the city swimming competition all this week.
A. has been training B. trains
C. trained D. is training
【解析】句意:莉莉整个星期一直在为市游泳比赛训练。训练从本周开始并持续 进行,用现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性。
B
A
15. Make an extra copy for yourself so that you can use it during the interview and point to specific information that makes you perfect for the job.为自己制作一份额外 的副本,以便在面试时使用,并指出使你非常适合这份工作的具体信息。
【归纳拓展】
so that=in order that意为“以便,为了”,引导目的状语从句。so that意为“因 此,所以”时,引导结果状语从句,此时不能与in order that 换用。如:
I get up early every day so that I can get to school on time.我早早地起床,以便我能 按时到达学校。
She had not planned her time well,so that she did not finish her homework on time.她 没把时间计划好,所以她没按时完成作业。
【典型例题】
We should take care of the earth we can make a better world.
A. so that B. until
C. even if D. while
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:我们应该爱护地球,以便我们能创造一个更美好的世界。so that为了,以便;until直到……为止;even if尽管;while当……时候,然而。分 析句子可知,此处应用so that引导目的状语从句。
【现学现练】
(1)Lisa set her alarm early she would not miss the first bus to the museum.
A. although B. so that C. because D. until
【解析】句意:莉萨把闹钟设定得很早,以便她不会错过去博物馆的第一班车。 although尽管(表让步);so that以便,为了;because因为(表原因);until直 到……为止(表时间)。此处应用so that引导目的状语从句。
(2)The team practiced every afternoon they could win the match next week.
A. in order that B. unless C. but D. if
【解析】句意:队员们每天下午练习,以便能在下周的比赛中获胜。in order that引导目的状语从句,强调事先安排的练习目标,符合句意。
B
A
语法聚焦
No-predictive verbs(非谓语动词)
一、非谓语动词的定义
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非 谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。它们不能独立作谓 语,但可以承担句子的任何成分。
非谓语动词在句中充当的成分如下表所示:
分类 主语 宾语 表语 定语 补语 状语
动名词 √ √ √ √ √
分词 √ √ √ √
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
二、不定式与动名词作主语
1. 动名词作主语往往表示普通的习惯性的行为,不定式作主语常表示某一次具体 的行为。如:
Reading English is really a great fun.读英语真的是一件很有趣的事情。(这里不强 调读一次或读两次,而表示一般性的行为)
To read English this morning will take most of my time.今天上午读英语将占用我大 部分时间。 (这里用不定式,表示某一次具体的行为)
2. it作形式主语。
(1)不定式作主语,谓语用单数形式,此时往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在 句子后面。如:
To finish the job took us two hours.→It took us two hours to finish the job.我们花了 两个小时完成这项工作。
(2)It is adj.of/for sb.to do sth.为固定句型,当形容词修饰不定式的逻辑主语 时,用of,否则用for。如:
It’s very nice of you to help us.你能帮助我们真是太好了。(nice修饰不定式的逻 辑主语you)
It’s difficult for us to work out the math problem.对我们来说,解出这道数学题很 难。(difficult修饰不定式)
(3)动名词作主语的句型:It is/was no good/no use/useless/fun+doing sth.如:
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
3. 成分对称:主语和表语都是非谓语动词时,形式上应保持一致。如:
To see is to believe./Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
4. There be no+v.-ing。如:
There is no parking around here.这附近不能停车。
三、非谓语动词作表语
1. 不定式作表语表示具体的动作或将来的含义。如:
My wish is to become a famous writer.我的愿望是成为一个著名的作家。
2. 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质与特征,表示主动(interesting,amusing, disappointing,puzzling,exciting等),以及在进行的动作。如:
I was teaching the child to swim when you passed by.当你经过的时候,我正在教这 个孩子游泳。
The story is amusing.这个故事很有趣。
3. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。如:
The shop is closed.商店关门了。
The door was closed by the wind.门被风关上了。
4. 现在分词与过去分词的不同用法:v.-ing形式通常修饰物,v.-ed形式通常 修饰人。常见的这类动词有interest,surprise,frighten,excite,tire,please, puzzle,satisfy,amuse,disappoint,inspire,worry等。如:
The story is frightening.这个故事很可怕。
He is frightened.他很害怕。
After hearing the exciting news,he gave a speech in an excited voice.听到这个激动 人心的消息后,他用激动的声音发表了一场演讲。
四、非谓语动词作宾语
1. 只能用动名词作宾语的动词,记忆口诀如下:
(1)建议,完成,多练习(suggest,advise,finish,practice);
(2)避免,错过,少延期(avoid,miss,delay);
(3)承认,喜欢,和原谅(admit,enjoy,like,love,forgive,excuse, pardon);
(4)允许,想象,需欣赏(allow,imagine,appreciate);
(5)介意,逃脱,与冒险(mind,escape,risk);
(6)考虑,抵制,要继续(consider,resist,keep);
(7)厌倦,拖延,别放弃(be tired of,put off,give up);
(8)期望,坚持,定成功(look forward to,insist on,stick to,succeed in)。
此外,be used to,lead to,devote to,go back to,object to,get done to,pay attention to,can’t stand,give up,feel like,thank you for,apologize for,be busy (in),have difficulty/trouble in,have a good/wonderful/hard time/money/...in, spend time in 等动词词组后面也加doing。
2. 只能用不定式作宾语的动词,记忆口诀如下:
(1)选择,目的,想申请(choose,aim,want,wish,hope,desire,apply);
(2)拒绝,要求,盼决定(refuse,demand,ask,beg,expect,decide, determine);
(3)假装,许诺,同意学(pretend,promise,agree,learn);
(4)主动,声称,帮安排(offer,claim,help,arrange);
(5)碰巧,转动,付得起(happen,turn,afford);
(6)计划,威胁,未做成(plan,threaten,fail)。
3. 动名词作宾语和不定式作宾语的区别。
(1)like,love,prefer后接动名词,表示经常性的行为;后接不定式,表示具体 的某一次行为。如前有would/should,则后接不定式。但feel like只接动名词作宾 语。如:
I like swimming,but I wouldn’t like to swim this afternoon.我喜欢游泳,但今天下 午我不想去游泳。
(2)在allow,advise,forbid,permit后,如有名词或代词作宾语,则用不定式 作宾语补足语,即allow/advise/forbid/permit+doing sth./sb.to do sth.如:
We don’t allow smoking in the hall.我们不允许在大厅里吸烟。
We allow you to smoke here.我们允许你在这里吸烟。
(3)当need,require,want作“需要”讲时,其后接to be done或v.-ing,表示 事情需要被做。want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+to be done。如:
The window needs/wants/requires to be cleaned.=The window needs/wants/requires cleaning.窗户需要清扫一下。
(4)worth后必须接动名词,用主动形式表示被动含义,即“be worth+名词 /doing”,其相当于“be worthy to be done”和“be worthy of+名词/being done”。如:
The place is worth visiting.=The place is worthy to be visited.=The place is worthy of a visit/being visited.这个地方值得参观。
(5)but和other than之后接不定式。如其前有do的动词原形,则不定式省略to, 否则就带to,即“前有do,后无to”。如:
We could do nothing but/other than wait.除了等待,我们别无他法。
He had no choice but to leave.他别无选择,只能离开。
【注意】其他常见的后接不定式省略to的有can’t choose but,can’t help but,can’t but,had better,would rather等。如:
He can’t choose but stay on.他别无选择,只能留下来。
You had better come here on time.你最好准时来。
I would rather stay than leave.我宁愿留下也不愿离开。
(6)当不定式作动词tell,show,understand,teach,discuss,wonder等的宾语 时,其前常带引导词,构成“how/what/whether/why/who/...+to do”,但“why +不带to的不定式”。如:
I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。
Can you tell me why do it?你能告诉我为什么这么做吗?
五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1. 感官动词see,watch,observe,find,hear,listen to,notice等和使役动词 have,let等后可接宾语补足语,常见情况如下:
(1)在主动语态中,动词原形表示动作已经完成,现在分词v.-ing表示动作正 在进行。如:
I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听到她唱了一首英文歌。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room.当我经过她房间时, 我听见她在唱一首英文歌。
(2)在被动语态中,过去分词表示动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性,being done表示动作正在进行。如:
I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room.当我经过 一个小女孩的房间时,我听到她正在唱一首英文歌。
【注意】感官动词在主动语态中,其后接不带to的不定式,即动词原形作宾补, 但在被动语态中要将to还原。如:
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.听到有人上楼的声音。
2. 使役动词let,have,make后,主动语态用动词原形,被动语态用“be+过去分 词”。如:
Don’t let your child play with matches.不要让你的孩子玩火柴。
Let the work be done immediately.让这项工作立即完成。
3. leave后接非谓语动词作宾补时,意为“使……处于某种状态”。其常用结 构:leave sb.doing sth.表示主动或动作正在进行,leave sth.done表示被动或动作 已经完成,leave sb.to do sth.表示将来的动作。如:
It is wrong of you to leave the machine running.你让机器一直开着是不对的。
The guests left most of the dishes untouched.客人们留下大部分菜没动。
He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了,剩下的工作都留给我做。
4. have,get后接宾补的三种形式。
(1)have sb.do sth.=get sb.to do sth.使/让/叫某人做某事。如:
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.妈妈让我去商店买盐。
(2)have sth.done=get sth.done 某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)。如:
I will have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.明天我将请人修理我的自行车。
【注意】have sth.done还有“使遭受……”之意。如:
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.汤姆在踢足球时摔断了腿。
(3)have sb./sth.doing 让某人/某物持续做某事(表示主动或动作正在进行), get sb./sth.doing 使某人/某物开始行动起来。如:
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.在短暂休息之 后,上尉让士兵们向前线前进。
【注意】当have sb.doing在否定句中时,have有“容忍”之意。如:
I won’t have you speaking to your father like that.我不允许你那样跟你爸爸说话。
六、非谓语动词作定语
1. 不定式作定语。
(1)当作定语的不定式是不及物动词时,其后要加相应的介词。如:
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家人有一所舒适的房子住。
(2)当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时,其后介词可省略。如:
He had no money and no place to live (in).他既没钱又没地方住。
2. 不定式作定语的几种情况。
(1)用来表示将来的动作。如:
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的汽车是给他妹妹/姐姐的。
(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。如:
He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
(3)用来修饰的词是抽象名词,常见的有ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse, reason,time等。如:
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你有英语读写能力吗?
I have no chance to go swimming.我没有机会去游泳。
3. 不定式的一般被动式(to be done),表示被动或将来的动作。过去分词 (done),表示被动、动作已经完成或存在的状态。现在分词的一般被动式 (being done),表示被动或动作正在进行。如:
The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is very important.明天会议上要 讨论的问题很重要。
Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.听!正在唱的这首歌 很受学生们的欢迎。
Have you read the novel written by Wang Meng?你读过王蒙写的那部小说吗?
4. 分词作定语:现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已经完成。如:
boiling water正在沸腾的水 falling leaves正在下落的叶子
boiled water烧开过的水 fallen leaves已经落下的叶子
七、非谓语动词作状语
1. 不定式作状语。
不定式表示结果时,常用“too...to...”“enough...to...”“only to...”等结 构。某些形容词,如表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词作表语,其后接不定式表示原 因。动词不定式表示目的,可用“in order to/so as to+动词原形”,但后者不能 置于句首。如:
Jim had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.吉姆不得不大声 喊叫,以使他自己的声音超过音乐声。(表示目的)
To look at the baby,you would like him.看着这个婴儿,你就会喜欢他。 (表示条件)
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站,却发现 火车已经开走了。(表示结果)
I am very glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。(表示原因)
2. 分词作状语。
当分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致,且分词必须和句 子的主语有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则,不能使用分词作状语。doing表示 主动或动作正在进行,having done表示主动,且动作先于谓语发生;done表示被 动;being done表示被动,且动作与谓语同时发生;having been done表示被动, 且动作先于谓语发生。如:
Coming into the room,he found his father angry.他走进房间,发现父亲生气了。 (现在分词作时间状语)
Seen from the top of the hill,the town is beautiful.从山顶上看,这个城镇很漂亮。 (过去分词作条件状语)
Being tired,they went on working.尽管累了,他们继续工作。(现在分词作让步 状语)
Having been hit by the older boy on the nose,the little boy began to cry.被大男孩打 在鼻子上后,小男孩哭了起来。(原因状语)
【注意】当与not连用时,分词通常用v.-ing形式。如:
Not being invited,he has to stay at home.由于没有受到邀请,他只好待在家里。
3. 独立成分作状语(形式不受上下文影响的分词或不定式)。
独立成分是与全句没有语法关系的句子成分,常见的有generally speaking(一般 来说),frankly speaking(坦白地说),judging from/by(根据……来判断), considering.../taking...into consideration(考虑到……),to tell the truth(说实 话),seeing...(考虑到……),supposing(即使,如果),providing(如 果),saving(除……以外),assuming(假使),admitting(虽说),given (如果),provided that(如果),compared to/with(与……相比)。如:
Judging from his accent,he is from the south.从他的口音判断,他来自南方。
Generally speaking,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.一般来 说,相机越贵,它的质量越好。
变式练习
单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填在题 前括号里)
A. paint B. painted C. painting D. paints
【解析】句意:参观博物馆时,我们发现了那扇由工匠在数百年前绘制的古门。 过去分词painted作后置定语,表示被动和完成。
B
A. go to;pulling B. to go to;pulled
C. go to;pulled D. to go to;pulling
【解析】句意:——我牙疼得厉害。——你最好去看医生并且把你的坏牙齿拔 掉。had better后接动词原形。have sth.done意为“使某事被做”。
C
A. to understand;reading B. understanding;reading
C. understanding;to read D. to understand;to read
【解析】句意:——王老师,我在理解这篇课文上有困难。——在你开始理解它 之前,记得要读三遍。have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难;remember to do sth.记得要做某事(事情未做)。
C
A. follow B. following
C. followed D. follows
【解析】句意:学生们跟在他们的老师后面走进了会议室。句子主语the students和动词follow之间是主动关系,应用现在分词短语作状语,表示伴随。
B
A. seeing B. seen C. to see D. see
【解析】句意:我的妈妈是一个满怀希望和自信的人,她总是看到别人好的一 面。分词作状语,主句的主语与分词之间是主动关系就用现在分词,是被动关系 就用过去分词。本题中主句的主语my mother与see之间是主动关系,所以用现在 分词作状语。
A
学以致用
一、单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填 在题前括号里)
A. delayed B. received C. served D. opened
【解析】句意:昨天的大雪延误了许多航班,一些乘客不得不在机场等候。 delay 表示“使延误”,符合天气导致航班延误的情境。
A
A. To learn B. Learning C. Learned D. Learn
【解析】句意:为了更多地了解植物,这个班级在放学后参观了植物园。不定式 To learn在句首作目的状语,说明参观的目的。
A
A. worked out B. worked for
C. worked on D. worked as
【解析】句意:在暑假期间,我弟弟在一家餐馆当服务员。worked out算出,解 决;worked for为……工作;worked on从事,忙于,致力于;worked as担 任……,做……工作。根据句意可知,此处指做服务员的工作。
A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh
【解析】句意:当王叔叔告诉我们这个故事的时候,我们禁不住笑了。can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事。
D
C
A. to learn B. learning
C. to learning D. learned
【解析】句意:——安妮,你看起来有一点儿担忧。——你说得对。我在学习中 文方面遇到了困难。它对我来说太难了。have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做 某事有困难”,为常用的固定结构。
B
二、阅读理解(根据短文内容,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意 的最佳选项填在题前括号里)
Last year,I finished middle school and wanted to find a part-time job.I hoped to learn new things and earn some pocket money.My parents told me to be patient and try my best.
On Saturday morning,I went to a small bookshop near my home.The shop owner,Mr Wang,was putting up a sign.It said,“We need an assistant to help on weekends.” I walked in and asked,“May I apply for this job?” Mr Wang smiled and gave me a short test.He asked me to put books in order and greet customers with a kind voice.I tried my best and finished the test quickly.
A few days later,Mr Wang called me and said,“You are a careful candidate.I think you can work here.”I felt excited,but I also knew I must work hard.My first day was busy.Many people came to buy storybooks and school books.I had to keep the shelves tidy and help customers find what they wanted.Sometimes I made small mistakes,but Mr Wang showed me how to do better.
Working there was not always easy.Once,I was so nervous that I forgot to greet a customer with a smile.I felt I had failed,but Mr Wang said,“Do not worry.If you keep trying,you will become more confident.” His words made me feel warm.I learned that a shop assistant must not only have basic skills but also show patience and kindness.
After a month,I found I liked this job.It helped me understand how to talk to different people and deal with small problems.I still go to the bookshop every weekend.I hope I can keep learning and do my best as a shop assistant who works with heart.
A. He needed to pay for his middle school tuition(学费).
B. He wanted to learn new things and earn some pocket money.
C. His parents required him to work in a bookshop.
D. He was preparing to travel abroad and needed money.
【解析】根据“Last year,I finished middle school and wanted to find a part- time job.I hoped to learn new things and earn some pocket money.”可知,作者 开始找兼职是因为他想学新东西并赚零取花钱。
B
A. Because he often bought books there and already knew the owner well.
B. Because he happened to see a hiring sign there when passing by.
C. Because his friend recommended the shop to him.
D. Because the shop offered the highest salary among local jobs.
【解析】根据“The shop owner,Mr Wang,was putting up a sign.It said, ‘We need an assistant...’I walked in and asked...”可知,作者是路过时看到 招聘告示才去询问的。
B
A. Put books in order and greet customers kindly.
B. Read books aloud.
C. Clean the floor.
D. Write a short story.
【解析】根据“He asked me to put books in order and greet customers with a kind voice.”可知,把书整理好并热情问候顾客是测试内容。
A
A. A person who buys something.
B. A person who tries to get a job.
C. A person who teaches others.
D. A person who sells books.
【解析】画线单词所在句“You are a careful candidate.”出现在老板录用他 时,结合上下文可知,candidate指“试图获得这份工作的人”,即求职者。
B
A. How to run a bookshop.
B. The importance of being kind to customers.
C. The writer’s experience of looking for and doing a part-time job.
D. Why the writer likes reading storybooks.
【解析】全文讲述作者从找兼职到在书店工作的过程和感受,因此文章主旨是介 绍作者的求职与工作体验。
C