(共100张PPT)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Period Four Assessing Your Progress—Video Time
课前自主预习
A．忍受；包容；容许
B．议程表；议事日程
C．措施，倡议；主动性，积极性；主动权
D．(一)打；十二个
E．垃圾；废物
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．I can’t tolerate his overconfidence.( )
2．Please put the garbage in the dustbin.( )
3．I bought a dozen peaches and some of them were bad.( )
4．Can we move on to the next item on the agenda？( )
5．She was disappointed at his lack of initiative.( )
【答案】1－5 AEDBC
Ⅱ.预备写作素材
1．Environmental problems _______________________(正变得越来越严重) all over the world.
2．In fact, ____________________(环境污染)is a very severe problem the whole world is facing.
【答案】
1．are becoming more and more serious
2．environmental pollution
3．A great many scenic spots ___________________(大量游客涌入), who spoil the beauty of nature by leaving behind much trash.
4．Our government is trying its best to take measures to __________________________(与污染作斗争).
【答案】
3．are flooded with visitors
4．fight against pollution
5．It’s high time that we should ____________________(保护我们的环境) from being polluted.
6．I believe we can _________________________(使我们的世界变得更好).
【答案】
5．protect our environment
6．make our world a better place
课堂新知讲练
1．pleased adj.高兴的；愉快的
(P34)He felt quite pleased because the villagers were living (harmoniously) with nature once more.
【翻译】他感到很高兴，因为村民们又一次与自然和谐相处了。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)be pleased to do sth 高兴/乐意去做某事
be pleased with sth/sb 对某事/某人满意
be pleased that从句 很高兴……
(2)please vt.使高兴；使满意
please sb 使某人满意
【用法详解】
(3)pleasant adj.使人快乐的；令人愉快的(常用来修饰表示无生命的事物)
a pleasant trip一次愉快的旅行
pleasant weather令人愉快的天气
(4)pleasure作不可数名词时，意为“愉快，快乐”； 表示抽象的意义。但如果表示“令人快乐、愉快的事情”时，它就是一个可数名词。这时，它常用不定冠词修饰，表示“一件令人快乐的事情”。
I am very pleased to see you.
见到你很高兴。
【语境助记】
In such pleasant holidays, Miss Li felt much pleased to stay together with her friends. She felt it a great pleasure to talk and play with them, which pleased her a lot.
在这样愉快的假日里，李小姐同朋友们待在一起感到非常快乐。她觉得同他们一起交谈、玩耍是一件很愉快的事，这一切都让她感到非常高兴。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The teacher is very ________(please) with my answer.
(2)We had a ________(please) journey all the way home.
(3)They stayed there together ________ great pleasure.
(4)It’s really ________ pleasure to study together with you.
【答案】(1)pleased (2)pleasant (3)with (4)a
2．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许
(P34)The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.
【翻译】村民再也不能容忍这种情况了。
(1)tolerate sth 容忍/容许某事
tolerate (one’s/sb) doing sth 容忍(某人)做某事
(2)tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的
be tolerant of sth/sb 容忍某物/某人
(3)tolerance n．容忍；忍耐力
【用法详解】
Any teacher won’t tolerate cheating in examinations.
任何一个老师都不能容忍考试作弊。
【归纳拓展】
表示“忍受，容忍”的单词或短语还有：endure, bear，stand，put up with。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The manager is ______(tolerate)of different points of view.
(2)He can’t tolerate ________________(laugh) at in public.
完成句子
(3)The school cannot ______________________________．
学校不能容许考试作弊。
【答案】(1)tolerant (2)being laughed
(3)tolerate cheating in exams
3．agenda n．议程表；议事日程
(P34)So an (initiative) was launched and a “clean-up” campaign was added to the government agenda, including (restricting) large vehicles from passing through the village.
【翻译】因此，(政府)发起了一项倡议，并在政府议程上增加了一项“清理”活动，包括限制大型车辆通过该村庄。
on the agenda在日程表上；在议程中
add sth to one’s agenda 把某事加到某人的日程表上
at the top of the agenda 位于最重要的议事日程
set an agenda确定一个工作日程
【用法详解】
In our company, quality is high on the agenda.
我们公司高度重视质量。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)The Teachers’ Day celebration is _____________________ ____________(在市政府的工作日程上).
(2)Doing physical sports is ____________________________ ___________________(她最重要的工作日程).
【答案】
(1)on the agenda of the city government
(2)at the top of her agenda
(3)We shall hold a meeting to ________________________ ____________________(为下周制定工作日程).
翻译句子
(4)你要把早读添加到你的日程表上。
________________________________________________
【答案】
(3)set an agenda for next week
(4)You should add morning reading to your agenda.
4．dispose of 处理；处置
(P34)Garbage from the city was no longer disposed of in the village, and more trees were planted.
【翻译】城市的垃圾不再在村里处理，而且种了更多的树。
(1)dispose vi.& vt. 去掉；清除；处理；应付；击败
dispose of 处理
(2)disposal n. 去掉；清除；处理
at one’s disposal 由某人处置
(3)disposable adj. 一次性的 n. 一次性用品
disposed adj. 愿意的；持……态度的；有……看法的
【用法详解】
It took her a mere 20 minutes to dispose of her opponent.
她仅用了20分钟就击败了对手。
I saw that the publishers were well disposed towards my book.
我了解到出版商对我的书有好感。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The use of ________(dispose) products is considered ecologically unsound.
(2)His job is not only to dispose ________ problems but also to meet unexpected challenges.
(3)He will have a car at his ________(dispose) for the whole month.
【答案】(1)disposable (2)of (3)disposal
完成句子
(4)We passed one or two dwellings, but __________________ ___________.
我们经过一两处住所，却无意停下。
【答案】(4)weren’t disposed to stop
1．(P34)When asked by a TV reporter to talk about air and water quality in his hometown, Qi Mu noted, “The air is great now, and we can take more walks and enjoy being outdoors again.”
【翻译】当一位电视记者问及他家乡的空气和水质时，齐木说：“现在的空气很好，我们可以多走走，再次享受户外生活了。”
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
本句中的“When asked by a TV reporter to talk about air and water quality in his hometown”是一个省略主语和be动词的状语从句。
【归纳拓展】
when, while, before, after, unless, as if等连词引导状语从句时，从句部分能以省略句的形式出现。其省略的条件及省略的内容见下表：
省略句 的条件 when, while, before, after, unless, as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或it在从句中作主语
状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略的内容 省略从句中的主语和be动词
He won’t come unless invited(＝unless he is invited).
除非受到邀请，否则他不肯来。
If necessary(＝If it is necessary)，you should turn to your parents for help.
如果有必要，你应该向你的父母求助。
[针对练习]
改为省略句
(1)The boy fell asleep while he was doing his homework.
________________________________________________
【答案】(1)The boy fell asleep while doing his homework.
(2)When she was asked to answer the question, the girl felt nervous.
________________________________________________
【答案】(2)When asked to answer the question, the girl felt nervous.
(3)Mike never speaks in class unless he is asked to.
________________________________________________
(4)I will come to see if it is necessary.
________________________________________________
【答案】(3)Mike never speaks in class unless asked to.
(4)I will come to see if necessary.
2．(P34)So an (initiative) was launched and a “clean-up” campaign was added to the government agenda, including (restricting) large vehicles from passing through the village.
【翻译】因此，(政府)发起了一项倡议，并在政府议程上增加了一项“清理”活动，包括限制大型车辆通过该村庄。
【句式剖析】
“including restricting large vehicles from passing through the village”是一个介词短语，在句中作状语，放在主句后面，对主语的内容进行补充说明。
【归纳拓展】
(1)including sth/sb 包括某物/某人。
(2)sth/sb included包括某物/某人(注意：如果被包括的宾语放在动词include的前面，这时，动词include要用其-ed形式)。
(3)include用作动词时，需注意与contain的区别：
①contain表示包含所含之物的全部或部分，侧重于所含的量或成分；
②include表示包括所包含之物的一部分，侧重对比整体和部分，常用于sth included或including sth结构。
The employer gave each employee a box containing gifts.
这个雇主给了每个雇员一个装有礼物的盒子。
The accident caused 20 deaths, 5 children included(＝including 5 children).
这次事故造成20人死亡，包括5名儿童。
I have to admit that time can change everything, including your face and your mind(＝your face and mind included).
我不得不承认，时间可以改变一切，包括你的容颜和想法。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)We all went to the party last Saturday, me ___________ (include).
(2)Our tour to Beijing last week __________(include) a visit to the Science Museum.
(3)This activity is made up of much team work, ___________ (include) a group dance.
【答案】(1)included (2)included (3)including
3．(P34)“We can all breathe more freely now that the natural beauty of our village has been (restored)，”said Qi.
【翻译】齐木说：“由于我们村庄的自然风光得到了恢复，我们都可以自由地呼吸了。”
【句式剖析】
在本句中的now that意为“由于，因为”，引导原因状语从句。
【归纳拓展】
now that 意为“因为，由于”时，引导原因状语从句； now that意为“既然”时，则引导让步状语从句。
Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.
既然重力改变了，走路确实需要一些练习。
Now that we have been out of touch for so many years, our friendship is so attenuated that I couldn’t ask her for a favour.
由于我们多年没联系了，如此疏远，让我无法开口让她帮忙。
[针对练习]
翻译句子
(1)孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就更宽绰了。
________________________________________________
【答案】
(1)Now that the kids have left home, we’ve got a lot of extra space.
(2)既然做不完这么多工作，你为何还要接受它？
________________________________________________
【答案】
(2)Now that you can’t finish so much work, why did you accept it
课后进阶专练
基础练
(建议用时：10分钟)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Building a new school has been added to the top ________(日程) of the city government this year.
2．I really can’t ________(忍受) being talked by others just behind me.
【答案】1.agenda 2.tolerate
3．Another ________(飓风) was reported to have hit the eastern coast of the United States.
4．As we all know, ________(挪威) lies in the northwestern part of Europe.
5．It will take you quite a few months before you can ________(恢复) you to your good health.
6．Humans should try what they can to live ________(和谐地) with nature.
【答案】3.hurricane 4.Norway 5.restore 6.harmoniously
7．There is talk of raising the admission requirements to ________(限制) the number of students on campus.
8．In our city, ________(垃圾) is not allowed to be disposed of freely, especially in public places.
9．A lot of things, such as waste paper and iron, can all be ________(回收) and be used again.
10．Two ________(打) eggs have been sold by the little girl so far this morning.
【答案】7.restrict 8.garbage 9.recycled 10.dozen
Ⅱ.短语填空
struggle with, make use of, set up, dozens of, in use, now that, turn off, put on, turn up, dispose of
1．My car is now ________，so I can’t lend it to you.
2．In the past, garbage ________________ freely in this city with no one taking care of it.
【答案】1.in use 2.was disposed of
3．You can see ________ small children are playing happily in the square.
4．I can’t hear the presenter, so please ________ the TV set a little.
5．They began to ________ a tent under the tree and got ready for the night.
【答案】3.dozens of 4.turn up 5.set up
6．You ought to ________ your coat before you go out. It’s too cold outside.
7．You are clever and you should try your best to ________ your brain to do something great.
8．Mike ________________ all the electrical appliances before leaving home.
【答案】6.put on 7.make use of 8.turned off
9．In the primitive society, humans had to ________________ nature and wild animals to live on.
10．________ you are over sixty years old, you’ll have to retire this year.
【答案】9.struggle with 10.Now that
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．_______________________ this policy will be a golden opportunity for all business sectors.
毫无疑问，这项政策对所有的商业部门来说都将是一个黄金机会。
【答案】
1．There is no doubt that
2．_________________________，she went home happily.
所有需要的东西都买了，她高高兴兴地回了家。
3．People from all the corners came to the city centre, ______________________．
各地的人们到市中心来了，使得市中心非常拥挤。
【答案】
2．With all the things she needed bought
3．making it very crowded
4．______________________________ to people’s health.
据说瑜伽对人们的健康有益。
5．There are 50 students in our class, ____________________ the countryside.
我们班有50名学生，其中很多人来自农村。
【答案】
4．It is said that yoga is of great benefit
5．many of whom come from
提升练
(建议用时：25分钟)
Ⅰ.七选五
Saving energy is half the battle won when it comes to protecting the environment and reducing our carbon footprints.__1__ They will be good for environmental protection and save you some money as well.
Use less electricity.__2__ There are some cities and countries that have successfully implemented alternative energy sources, but many places are still relying on fossil fuels for energy.You can use less energy or electricity by switching off lights and unplugging appliances that are not being used.You can also save energy by using natural light and warmth for longer.
Use less water.__3__ This will reduce the number of times you need to run the washer and it will ensure efficient use of water.Let the dishes air dry instead of using the washer’s dry cycle to save energy.Take short showers instead of baths.This will reduce the loss of too much warm water and your water heater working overtime.
__4__ Energy Star approved products are products that have been proven to be eco-friendly and will help save the environment, make your home greener, and save you money in the long run.You can find many different types of appliances and equipment with Energy Star approval.
Fix problems.Leaky faucets(水龙头) or pipes, cracks in windows and doors, and poor insulation can all cause an increase in water and energy use.To make sure this doesn’t happen, check all your door and window frames and seal them well if needed.A lot of heat can get out through those cracks.Leaky faucets and toilets can add quite a big number to your water bill.__5__
A．Use Energy Star products.
B．Use fewer electrical appliances.
C．There are many things you can do about going green.
D．Handling these issues can help avoid unwanted water bills.
E．Electricity is still mainly supplied by burning fossil fuels.
F．Wash fewer clothes at a time to use water efficiently.
G．Wash clothes or dishes when you have a full load.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在保护环境和减少碳足迹方面，节约能源是胜利的一半。
1．C 前一句提到了保护环境、减少碳足迹，下一句提到有利于环境保护和省钱。由此可知，空格处是在说与环保相关的事情。C项“有很多环保相关的事情可以做。”符合语境。空格后一句中的They指代C项中的“many things”，C项中的“going green”和空格后一句中的“environmental protection”相关。故选C项。
2．E 由空格前的小标题可知，本段的环保措施是少用电，E项“电仍然主要由燃烧的化石燃料提供。”说明电的现状，起到承上启下的作用。故选E项。
3．G 由空格前的小标题可知，本段的环保措施是少用水，且后文提到了这将减少你需要运行洗涤器的次数，并确保水的有效利用。由此可知，G项“在满载衣服或餐具时清洗。”符合语境。故选G项。
4．A 由后文内容可知，本段提出的环保措施是使用能源之星产品。 A项“使用能源之星产品。”符合语境。故选A项。
5．D 上文提到漏水的水龙头和马桶会让你的水费增加很多，空格处为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明处理好漏水问题可以节省水费。D项“处理好这些问题可以节省水费。”符合语境。故选D项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Reduce your energy costs and do something good for the environment with novel solar solutions at Lowe’s.Solar power offers an endless supply of energy 1.________can power your home, and you can make use of it by 2.__________(fix) solar panels on your roof.
A solar power system can contribute to a drop 3.__________ high electricity bills since you are using a 4.________(nature) source of energy—the sun—to run your home.And for solar panels to work 5.__________(proper), fix them on a sunny, south-facing roof.They’ll work to turn sunlight into energy.Finally, the energy 6.__________(send) to your service panel for your home to use.This energy can power things like computers and televisions.
If you want to take renewable energy on the road, look for portable(便携的) solar generators and solar panels.These are great for travelling, allowing you 7.________(provide) clean power for everything.
When you’re going green, Lowe’s 8.________(want) to make sure you have everything needed to make the switch successful.Find components to adjust charge to batteries and protect 9.________ from damage like overcharging.Whatever your solar-powered home needs, you will find a wide 10.________ (select) of energy-efficient products online and in our stores.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让太阳能用于家庭的相关情况。
1．that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是energy，应用that/which。故填that/which。
2．fixing 考查动词的-ing形式。根据空格前的介词by可知，空处在句中作宾语，应用动词的-ing形式。故填fixing。
3．in 考查介词。a drop in是固定搭配，意为“……的减少”。故填in。
4．natural 考查形容词。修饰名词source应用形容词。故填natural。
5．properly 考查副词。修饰动词work应用副词。故填properly。
6．will be sent 考查动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的“They’ll work to turn sunlight into energy.”可知，此处应用一般将来时表达将来要发生的动作； send与“the energy”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填will be sent。
7．to provide 考查动词不定式。allow sb/sth to do sth是固定用法，意为“允许……做某事”。故填to provide。
8．wants 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观情况，应用一般现在时。句子主语是Lowe’s，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填wants。
9．them 考查代词。此处表示找到可以调节充电量的部件，保护电池不受过度充电等损害。空格处指代前面的batteries。故填them。
10．selection 考查名词。根据空格前的冠词a和空格后的介词of可知，此处应用名词selection “可供选择的事物”。故填selection。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你所在城市近年来交通拥堵越来越严重，请你以学生会的名义向全校师生写一封绿色出行的倡议书。
内容包括：
1．绿色出行的意义；
2．绿色出行的方式；
3．提出号召。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
One possible version：
With private cars increasing, the traffic jams in our city have become more and more serious, so I, on behalf of the Students’ Union, am writing to appeal to everyone to go green.
Through green travel, we can not only contribute to a sustainable environment by saving resources but also have a healthy lifestyle.To achieve that, I suggest that we should first further raise awareness of the importance of going green.
Besides, it’s significant for us to ride bicycles or choose public transport instead of private vehicles as much as possible, which can avoid traffic jams.
It is high time that we should travel in a green way.A small act makes a great difference.Let’s act now and enjoy a green life!
The Students’ Union
写作高效提升
写一篇环境保护方面的报道
动笔前，你的大体构思：____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
◎单元写作目标
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．As is known to us all, air pollution is becoming more and more serious.
2．This phenomenon caused our attention.
3．With time going by, more and more people begin to realise the importance of protecting the environment.
4．An investigation was made in…
◎话题佳句
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
1．To deal with the problem, the government took some effective measures.
2．Firstly, they carried out strict regulations and made some factories closed down or moved out of the city centre.
3．Secondly, cars and buses using new clean energy were produced, which reduced the carbon dioxide emission.
4．Most importantly, the government should called on people to be involved in reducing the source of air pollution.
5．The factory sends off dirty air all day long, making it difficult for the neighbours to breathe.
6．The reason why…is that…
【回味无穷的结尾句】
1．Lots of practical measures have been taken to keep all kinds of pollutions under control since five years ago.
2．All the citizens have come to realise the importance of environment protection.
3．The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it.
4．I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.
5．Let’s make joint efforts to create a green and harmonious environment.
【写作任务】
假如你是校报的英语小记者，请用英语写一篇报道，反映你所在城市环境方面的变化。
内容包括：
1．简单介绍本市的环境现状；
2．分析导致这种现状产生的原因；
3．你的建议。
◎写作范例
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当细节，以使行文连贯。
【写作指导】
主题 环境报道 体裁 应用文
人称 第三人称 时态 一般将来时、一般现在时
布局 第一段：居民投诉； 第二段：详细介绍相关的环境问题； 第三段：你的建议。
【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1．放出；发出________________
2．调查________________
【答案】1．release/give off
2．investigation/survey
3．打扰；干扰________________
4．高音量的音乐________________
5．实施命令________________
【答案】3．disturb 4.music of high/great volume
5.implement an order
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1．完成句子
(1)当地市民一直在投诉一间酒吧发出的噪音。
Local citizens _______________________________ the loud noise which is released by a bar.
【答案】(1)have been complaining about
(2)这个酒吧位于我们城市的文华路56号。
This bar __________________________ No.56 Wenhua Road of our city.
(3)我校校报记者近来对其进行了调查。
Journalists from our school newspaper ___________________ on it recently.
【答案】(2)is located on (3)made an investigation
(4)酒吧甚至在深夜还发出高音量的噪声。
The bar ______________________ even late into the night.
(5)高音量的噪音影响了周围的居民。
The noise of high volume __________________________．
【答案】(4)releases/gives off the noise of high volume
(5)disturbs the citizens nearby
2．句式升级
(6)将(1)句改为含有非谓语动词的句子
________________________________________________
【答案】
(6)Local citizens have been complaining about the loud noises released by a bar.
(7)用定语从句将(1)(2)句合并成一个句子
________________________________________________
【答案】
(7)Local citizens have been complaining about the loud noises released by the bar which is located on No. 56 Wenhua Road of our city.
(8)将(3)句改为被动句
________________________________________________
(9)用定语从句将(4)(5)句合并成一个句子
________________________________________________
【答案】
(8)An investigation was made recently by journalists from our school newspaper.
(9)The bar releases/gives off the noise of high volume even late into the night, which disturbs the citizens nearby.
【连句成篇】
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Local citizens have been complaining about the loud noises released by a bar which is located on No. 56 Wenhua Road of our city. An investigation was made recently by journalists from our school newspaper.
According to our investigation, this bar begins to come into service at eight o’clock in the evening. It releases/gives off the noise of high volume even late into the night, which disturbs the nearby citizens.
To protect the neighbours from these loud noises, the city government should implement an order to stop such chaos on the spot.
假如你家乡镇上的河流曾经污染严重，但经过环境治理后，有了很大的改善。请你用英语写一篇报告向你市的英语新闻周刊投稿。
内容包括：
1．河面漂浮着各种垃圾，臭气刺鼻，无鱼；
2．有生活垃圾和附近工厂的工业垃圾等；
3．采取一系列措施；
4．取得的成效及展望。
◎写作练笔
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
【答案】
The river of my hometown was once polluted, with rubbish of different colours floating on it and no fish in it. Seriously polluted, the river occasionally gave off an unpleasant smell with the wind, especially in hot summer.
The local residents and several factories on both sides of the river were to blame.
The water quality suffered greatly from an increasing volume of the local residents, who frequently threw huge amounts of garbage into it. Worse still, the waste from the factories was directly poured into the river, contributing to the severe water pollution of the river. So far, a comprehensive initiative has been started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues, such as improving the collection and transport of household waste and a restriction regarding the disposal of waste in the factories. The government also uses the media to raise public awareness of the environmental protection.
With our joint efforts, the river has been turned into a clean one. I do hope that we individuals can protect the environment and live harmoniously with nature.(共105张PPT)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
能够理解并正确运用直接引语和间接引语，准确地把直接引语和间接引语进行互相转换；
阅读有关环境保护方面的文章，把握常见的与环境保护相关的词汇；
使用与环保相关的词汇进行交流，学会用英语陈述常识；
运用所学知识，写一篇关于环保的报道。
【素养提升】
了解世界环境现状，认识环境保护的重要性和紧迫性，培养环境保护的意识；
从日常生活小事开始，做好节能减排，为保护环境尽自己的一分力量。
Period One Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
A．生态；生态学
B．排放；释放；发布
C．播送；广播；传播；广播节目；电视节目
D．政策；方针；原则
E．抓住；夺取；控制
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．Seize the chance, otherwise you’ll regret it.( )
2．It’s the company’s policy to sacrifice short-term profits for the sake of long-term growth.( )
3．After my examination, I had a feeling of release.( )
4．The tennis championship is broadcast live to several different countries.( )
5．The way that coffee is grown affects the global ecology.( )
【答案】1－5 EDBCA
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．starvation n．饿死；挨饿；绝食→________vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死
(参考：invitation→invite)
2．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→__________adj.可持续的；合理利用的
(参考：obtain→obtainable)
【答案】1.starve 2.sustainable
3．comprehension n．理解→__________ adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
4．frequent adj.频繁的；经常的→__________adv.频繁地；经常
(参考：fluent→fluently)
5．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→____________n．限制规定；限制法规；约束
(参考：act→action)
【答案】3.comprehensive 4.frequently 5.restriction
Ⅲ.猜短语填空
refer to, along with, have an impact on, be trapped in
1．The two men died when they were stuck in a burning building.
＝The two men died when they ______________________ a burning building.
【答案】1.were trapped in
2．These elements clearly have an effect on the architecture.
＝These elements clearly _______________ the architecture.
3．Tobacco，together with alcohol is taxed in most countries.
＝Tobacco, ____________ alcohol is taxed in most countries.
4．The figures are about our sales in Europe.
＝The figures ____________ our sales in Europe.
【答案】2.have an impact on 3.along with 4.refer to
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
( )1.Why does the author mention the photo of the dead polar bear in the second paragraph
A．To attract readers’ attention.
B．To show us the cold weather in the arctic.
C．To show the temperature increase in the Arctic.
D．To tell us the importance of warmth.
【答案】A
( )2.What is the function of “natural” greenhouse effect
A．To trap long-wave radiation.
B．To release heat from the sun.
C．To sustain life on Earth.
D．To release short-wave radiation.
【答案】C
( )3.What cause(s) extreme weather on Earth
A．Sea level rise.
B．Human activities.
C．Temperature rise.
D．Burning of fossil fuels.
【答案】C
( )4.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．It shows us the serious situation of the environment.
B．It requires us to seize the opportunities to protect Earth.
C．It shows us our responsibilities for protecting the environment.
D．It gives some suggestions to the government and individuals.
【答案】D
( )5.What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text
A．To call on our attention to environmental protection.
B．To remind us of the increasing temperature on Earth.
C．To show us some endangered animals in the polar areas.
D．To tell us different kinds of greenhouse gases on Earth.
【答案】A
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
As we know, Earth is getting warmer and warmer, 1.________ results in melting ice and rising sea levels.In 2013, a dead polar bear 2.________(find) on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard.Experts said that it was low sea-ice levels caused by climate change 3.________ killed the polar bear.
【答案】1.which 2.was found 3.that
Scientists often mention that the “man-made” greenhouse effect is 4.________ big problem.The rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and 5.________(nature) disasters worldwide, causing serious damage and costing human lives.The further global warming that results 6.________ the continued greenhouse gas emissions 7.________(require) the attention of people all over the world.
【答案】4.a 5.natural 6.from 7.requires
Governments need to make policies and take measures 8.______ (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions.As individuals，we should also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9._______(restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our 10.________(lifestyle) produce.
【答案】8.to reduce 9.restricting 10.lifestyles
课堂新知讲练
1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死
(P26)An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
【翻译】一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从北极熊尸体的位置来看，这只熊似乎是饿死的。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)starve to death饿死
starve for渴望；急需
starve sb into (doing) sth 迫使某人(做)某事
(2)starved adj.饥饿的；饥肠辘辘的；缺乏的
be starved for sth 缺少某物
(3)starvation n．饿死
【用法详解】
Those animals were left to starve to death.
那些动物只能等着饿死。
I’m starving for such a chance to study abroad.
我渴望这样一个去国外学习的机会。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The students coming from foreign countries are starving ________the friendship from those locals.
(2)They were threatened with ________(starve) when flood drowned their village.
(3)If the animals can’t find enough food, they’ll starve ______ death or have to leave the place.
【答案】(1)for (2)starvation (3)to
完成句子
(4)I ______________________________，because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.
我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。
【答案】(4)am starving to study English well
2．release vt.& n．释放；排放；发布
(P27)The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
【翻译】热量以更长的波长形式释放回太空。
release sb from … 将某人从……释放
release sb/sth (back) into…
将某人/某物放回到……中
release conference发布会
【用法详解】
I met my old friend at the news release conference.
在新闻发布会上，我见到了一个老朋友。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)The winners will get a chance to __________________．
获胜者将有机会发行他们的新书。
(2)The bird ___________________ the cage last month.
上个月，鸟从笼子里放出去了。
【答案】(1)release their new books
(2)was released from
(3)A lot of poisonous gases ___________________________ the atmosphere.
大量的有毒气体被排放到了大气中。
【答案】(3)were released (back) into
3．broadcast n．广播节目；电视节目
vt.& vi.广播；播送；传播
(P27)In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.
【翻译】事实上，新闻经常报道造成死亡和经济损失的极端暴雨和热浪。
be broadcast live现场直播
begin to broadcast开始广播
a live broadcast一场现场直播
【用法详解】
We watched a live broadcast of the speech.
我们观看了这次演讲的现场直播。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)This football match _________(将现场直播) tomorrow.
(2)This programme _______ (开始播送) at six every morning.
(3)I watched _______________________ (一场现场直播) of this football match on TV yesterday.
【答案】(1)will be broadcast live
(2)begins to broadcast
(3)a live broadcast
4．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
(P27)We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
【翻译】作为个人，我们也可以通过限制我们生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
(1)restrict…to… 把……限制在……
restrict sb to (doing) sth 约束某人(做)某事
(2)restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束
without restriction 没有限制
(3)restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的
【用法详解】
These clothes restrict your freedom of movement and stiffen up the whole body.
这些衣服使你的手脚难以自由活动，使整个身体也僵硬起来。
Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns.
城镇限速每小时30英里。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The number of club members _________________(restrict) to ten, so it is difficult to be admitted to the club.
(2)The newly-opened swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without __________ (restrict).
【答案】(1)is restricted (2)restriction
完成句子
(3)Don’t ____________________________ friends with ones sharing similar interests—make friends with different groups of people, and it will help broaden your horizons.
不要局限于结交有共同兴趣的朋友——结交不同群体的朋友，这将有助于开阔你的视野。
【答案】(3)restrict yourself to making
5．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
(P27)It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
【翻译】我们有责任抓住每一个机会教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。
seize sth from sb 从某人那里夺取某物
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会/机遇
seize on/upon sth
突然对某事大为关注；抓住(可利用的事物)
【用法详解】
She tried to seize the watch from him.
她试图夺取他的手表。
【名师点津】
seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物时，可直接用被抓的部位作宾语，也可用“seize sb by the＋部位”结构(这里表示部位的名词前不可用物主代词)。
They seized the man by the arm.
他们抓住了那人的胳膊。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The man seized me ________ the arm and begged me to bring his son back to life.
(2)Mr Brown seized __________ the professor’s advice and began to work together with them.
(3)He seized the book ________ her hand and left the room angrily.
【答案】(1)by (2)upon/on (3)from
完成句子
(4)I _____________________________________________，which advances my understanding of western countries.
我抓住一切机会与外国人交流，这加深了我对西方国家的了解。
【答案】(4)seize every opportunity to communicate with foreigners
6．refer to指的是
(P26－P27)The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation.
【翻译】“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地球表面变暖。
(1)refer to…as… 称……为……
refer to a/the dictionary 查词典
refer…to… 把……提交给……(以求获得帮助等)
(2)reference n．参考；涉及；提及
have reference to 和……有关系
in/with reference to 与……有关
a reference book 参考书；工具书
【用法详解】
We all refer to him as YES Man.
我们都把他叫作“好好先生”。
You can refer to me when you are in trouble.
有困难的时候，你可以向我求助。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)When I said that somebody was really naughty, I did not refer ________ you.
(2)I am writing with ________________ (refer) to your job application.
【答案】(1)to (2)reference
完成句子
(3)______________________________ when you don’t know the meaning of a word.
当你不知道一个单词的含义时，查阅一下词典。
【答案】(3)Refer to the/a dictionary
7．amounts of 许多的；大量的
(P27)When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.
【翻译】当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。
(1)amounts of后接不可数名词时，相当于a huge/large amount of “大量的”。
(2)a huge/large amount of 修饰不可数名词。
(3)“a huge/large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(4)“huge/large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【用法详解】
(5)常见数量修饰语分类：
①修饰可数名词复数：many, a good/great many, a good/large number of；
②修饰不可数名词：much，a good/great deal of，a large amount of，large amounts of；
③既可修饰可数名词复数，又可修饰不可数名词：a lot of, lots of, a quantity of, quantities of, plenty of。
A monsoon is a seasonal wind that can bring in a large amount of rainfall.
季风是一种季节性的风，它可以带来大量的降雨。
Large amounts of money have been spent on building the bridge over the months.
数月以来，大量的资金用在了这座桥的建造上。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Now a great many college graduates ________(be) seeking a high-paid job.But a large number of them ________(be) often not able to find a suitable post.
(2)A number of houses ________(be) burnt down in the fire.
【答案】(1)are; are (2)were
(3)A great deal of money ________(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
(4)Large quantities of water ____________ (pipe) to the dry area since last year.
【答案】(3)was donated (4)have been piped
1．(P26)There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer…
【翻译】毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和……
【句式剖析】
There is little/no doubt that…毫无疑问……；doubt后面用that引导同位语从句。当doubt作动词且用于否定句或疑问句时，后面的宾语从句用that引导；用于肯定句时，后面的宾语从句用whether/if引导。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
(1)There is some doubt whether…有人怀疑……
(2)I have doubts whether…我怀疑是否……
(3)have no doubt that… 对……毫不怀疑
(4)I doubt whether/if… 我怀疑是否……
(5)I don’t/never doubt that… 我不怀疑……；我相信……
(6)doubtful adj.怀疑的
be doubtful about怀疑
There is no doubt that in order to reduce global warming，greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced.
毫无疑问，为了减少全球变暖，需要减少温室气体的排放。
There is little doubt that extensive reading plays an important role in improving the comprehensive skills in English learning.
毫无疑问，泛读在提高英语学习综合技能方面起着至关重要的作用。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)I don’t doubt ______ he can finish the task on time.
(2)Actually, the officer doubted ________ his soldiers could refresh themselves in so short a time.
【答案】(1)that (2)if/whether
完成句子
(3)_______________________________ but also raised our awareness of safety.
毫无疑问，这次活动不仅使我们掌握了一些实用的技能，而且增强了我们的安全意识。
【答案】(3)There is no doubt that the activity not only equipped us with some practical skills
2．(P27)Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable.
【翻译】大气中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，吸收了部分热量，使地球气候保持温暖和适宜居住。
【句式剖析】
“keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable”是一个动词的-ing形式短语，在句中作结果状语，表示状态。
【归纳拓展】
动词的-ing形式作状语，应注意以下几点：
(1)语法含义：表示意料之中的、自然而然的结果，有时可在其前加thus以示强调。
(2)逻辑主语：句子的主语或前面的整个句子。当动词的-ing形式作结果状语且其逻辑主语为前面的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
(3)时态特征：当动词的-ing形式作结果状语时，其表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，因此用一般式。
(4)语态特征：逻辑主语与构成动词的-ing形式的动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。
(5)句中位置：通常位于句末，且常用逗号与前面的句子成分隔开。
(6)同义表达：一般可转化为so that引导的结果状语从句。
He is always worrying about trifles, ignoring his main objectives.
他总是操心琐事，结果忽视了他的主要目标。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The old man stood against the door and ________(smoke).
(2)The old man stood against the door, ________(smoke).
(3)Mother went out in a hurry and ______(leave) the puppy sleeping in the house.
(4)Mother went out in a hurry, ________(leave) the puppy sleeping in the house.
【答案】(1)smoked (2)smoking (3)left (4)leaving
3．(P27)Without this process, Earth could not sustain life.
【翻译】没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“Without this process”是一个表示否定意义的介词短语，意为“要是没有这个过程”，相当于一个条件状语从句。这个介词短语可放在句首，也可放在句末。
【归纳拓展】
(1)在虚拟结构中，如果表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设，句子谓语用“would/should/could/might＋do”；如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，则句子谓语用“would/should/could/might＋have done”。
(2)虚拟条件句还可以用but for, otherwise, or, but等词来引导。
Without your help, I would not have been able to finish the project on time.
没有你的帮助，我就不能按时完成这个项目。
Without air, no one could live.
没有空气，人就不能活。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)________ his support, we wouldn’t be what we are now.
(2)But ________ the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board.
(3)I would not have been late for class ________ the terrible traffic accident.
【答案】(1)Without (2)for (3)without
完成句子
(4)The father had patiently guided the twins. ______________ _________________________________________．
父亲耐心地指导了这对双胞胎。否则，他们就不会做出如此美味的早餐了。
【答案】(4)Otherwise/Or they wouldn’t have cooked such a delicious breakfast.
课后进阶专练
基础练
(建议用时：10分钟)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The ________(图表) shows how house prices have risen since the 1980s.
2．His comments are bound to add ________(刺激因素) to the debate.
【答案】1.graph 2.fuel
3．With spring around the corner, snow is beginning to _______(融化).
4．The way coffee is grown affects the global ______(生态).
5．The Rough Guide to Nepal is a ________(详尽的) guide to the region.
6．China Today attracts a ________(世界各地的) readership and absorbs much attention.
【答案】3.melt 4.ecology 5.comprehensive 6.worldwide
7．Vegetarianism is becoming one rising ________(趋势), as more people have decided not to eat meat.
8．The scientist is studying ________(化石) to find out the facts of ancient animals.
9．The ______(政策) has greatly stimulated work enthusiasm.
10．We all need to look for ways to reduce our carbon ________(足迹).
【答案】7.trend 8.fossil 9.policy 10.footprint
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The baby appears ________________(say) something, but we don’t know what he is saying.
2．It is clear that the polar bear died of ________(starve) because it couldn’t find enough food.
3．It is certain that human activities have a great impact ________ the ecology on Earth.
【答案】1.to be saying 2.starvation 3.on
4．A lot of poisonous gases are released ________ the atmosphere when farmers are spraying pesticide to save their crops.
5．I made up my mind ________(seize) the opportunity to enhance my overall competence.
6．The villagers plant trees on the hill every spring, ________(make) the whole hill fully covered with green trees.
【答案】4.into 5.to seize 6.making
7．Have you heard the news ________ Mr Li will be sent to New York next month
8．Not only ________ Mike finish his own work, but also he held out his helping hand to Mary.
【答案】7.that 8.did
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．___________________________ it can enhance people’s consciousness of health.
毫无疑问，它可以增强人们的健康意识。
2．They ____________________ the Great Wall.
他们一直渴望参观长城。
【答案】1．There is no doubt that
2．have been starving to visit
3．Our language makes a difference, and how we __________ things matters.
我们的语言是有影响的，我们指代事物的方式很重要。
4．She ______________________________________.
她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
5．I______________________ TV for an hour a day.
我限制自己每天只看电视一小时。
【答案】3．refer to
4．was trapped in the burning house
5．restrict myself to watching
提升练
(建议用时：18分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
On Earth Day, people around the world work to help our planet.But April 22 isn’t the only day this happens. Many people, including kids, protect the Earth all year long.Read about some inspiring stories, and then decide how you will make a difference.
Justin Sather, 10,from Los Angeles, California
When he was 5, Justin learnt that his favourite animal’s habitat was in danger.So he took action.He started a group called For the Love of Frogs and sold toy frogs to raise money.Justin said that frogs are an “indicator species”，which means that when their habitat is threatened, they show signs of illness earlier than other animals.“Frogs are telling us our planet really needs your help，”Justin added.
Aadya Joshi, 16, from Mumbai, India
When Aadya was 13, she changed a junk lot in her neighbourhood into a garden by using plants native to the area because native species attract native insects and animals.“The way to fix the habitat isn’t just to plant any tree，” she said.“It’s to replace what was torn down from that spot.” Now Aadya is leading the Right Green, an organisation she founded to educate people about growing native plants and maintaining healthy ecosystems.
Xavier Baquero-Iglesias, 11, from Naples，Florida
While playing with friends on Astroturf(artificial grass), Xavier noticed it was super hot, much hotter than real grass.Xavier used his knowledge of science to figure out why.Then he invented SoleX Turf which uses the heat from Astroturf to make electricity.Xavier said his invention created electricity in a way that was not harmful to the environment, “I wanted to find a way to reduce the effects of climate change and the main way is to find renewable energy sources.”
1．What do the underlined words “indicator species” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Frogs living in the damaged habitat.
B．Animals like frogs facing extinction.
C．Animals suffering from deadly illness.
D．Creatures monitoring environmental changes.
2．What is the proper way to repair the ecosystems according to Aadya
A．Planting more trees.
B．Growing native plants.
C．Changing junk lots into gardens.
D．Preventing foreign insects and animals.
3．What is the value of Xavier’s invention
A．It can make Astroturf cool.
B．It helps reduce electricity waste.
C．It can bring down the price of electricity.
D．It makes electricity in a pollution-free way.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Activities on Earth Day
B．Kid Heroes for the Planet
C．Organisations for the Ecosystem
D．Benefits of Protecting the Earth
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述三名青少年为保护环境所做的努力。
1．D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的定语从句“which means that when their habitat is threatened, they show signs of illness earlier than other animals”可知，“指示物种”指的是能够通过自身状况去反映环境变化的物种。故选D项。
2．B 细节理解题。根据Aadya Joshi, 16, from Mumbai, India部分的“’The way to fix the habitat isn’t just to plant any tree to educate people about growing native plants and maintaining healthy ecosystems”可知，Aadya认为修复生态系统的适当方式是种植当地的植物。故选B项。
3．D 细节理解题。根据Xavier Baquero-Iglesias, 11, from Naples, Florida部分的“Xavier said his invention created electricity in a way that was not harmful to the environment”可知，Xavier的发明的价值在于它能够以无污染的方式发电。故选D项。
4．B 标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要讲述三名青少年为保护环境所做的努力，所以B项“保护地球的儿童英雄”概括了文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I bought a big tractor to grow sweet corn.The giant tractor __1__ the waste land into fields at an amazing speed.And thanks to the fertile soil，the corn grew so well.__2__，I was troubled by the damage caused by raccoons(浣熊).Just before the __3__，large amounts of corn were eaten.
aI placed traps in several places around the fields, and ended up catching a young raccoon.The mother stayed next to it, and didn’t __4__ when I approached.When I tried __5__ out to the trap, the young raccoon showed its __6__ and got really upset.It seemed cruel, but I held its head down with my rubber boot as I __7__ it.It didn’t run away though.Right in front of me, the mother started licking(舔) the young one’s __8__ leg.Seeing that, I felt I’d done something really terrible.
Then I started leaving small piles of second-rate corn around the edges of the __9__.They were not good enough to sell.The next morning they completely __10__．But the raccoons didn’t cause other damage.I had __11__ that if I actually fed them, the raccoons would __12__ me more, but that didn’t happen.So I decided to __13__ using the traps and continue to put out the second-rate corn.After that, damage by the raccoons stopped almost completely.
My eyes were opened to the mysteries of __14__．Farmers suffer the damage because they __15__ everything. We turn what used to belong to the raccoons into our fields.So while farming, we should learn to share, which is our responsibility.
1．A．divided B．got
C．changed D．transported
2．A．Therefore B．However
C．Otherwise D．Besides
3．A．winter B．sale
C．sowing D．harvest
4．A．break away B．run away
C．jump up D．turn up
5．A．handing B．taking
C．standing D．reaching
6．A．tail B．neck
C．teeth D．mouth
7．A．released B．begged
C．caged D．pushed
8．A．wounded B．abandoned
C．deserted D．tired
9．A．trees B．houses
C．fields D．nests
10．A．disappeared B．died
C．rotted D．escaped
11．A．memorised B．realised
C．decided D．worried
12．A．fight B．bother
C．scare D．cheer
13．A．begin B．continue
C．stop D．delay
14．A．humans B．plants
C．land D．nature
15．A．take B．bring
C．give D．lose
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是一位农民与农场上的浣熊之间发生的既有趣又发人深思的故事，也揭示了大自然的奥秘。
1．C 考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“the waste land into fields”可知，作者首先用拖拉机把荒地变成了良田，以便耕种。change…into…意为“把……变成……”。故选C项。
2．B 考查副词辨析。根据空格前的“the corn grew so well”及空格后的“I was troubled by the damage”可知，此处表示转折关系，因为接下来介绍浣熊破坏了庄稼。故选B项。
3．D 考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“large amounts of corn were eaten”可知，浣熊应该是在收获的季节破坏庄稼，吃掉大量的玉米。故选D项。
4．B 考查动词短语辨析。根据下文中的“the mother started licking…leg”可知，浣熊妈妈给孩子舔伤口的情节可知，在作者走近时，浣熊妈妈为了保护幼崽并没有跑开。break away 挣脱，逃脱；run away 逃避，逃走；jump up 突然站起，大幅上涨；turn up 把音量调高。故选B项。
5．D 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，作者伸出手，设法给小浣熊松开夹子。reach out to意为“把手伸向”。故选D项。
6．C 考查名词辨析。根据常识和下文中的“and got really upset”可知，小浣熊看到有人靠近，会很不安，因此露出牙齿作恐吓状。故选C项。
7．A 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“It didn?t run away though.”可知，看到小浣能的举动，为了防止被咬伤，作者给它松开夹子放它走。故选A项。
8．A 考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，夹子夹住了小浣熊的腿，因此它的腿受伤了。故选A项。
9．C 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“I placed traps in several places around the fields”可知，作者主要在庄稼地周围采取措施防治小浣熊偷吃玉米。为了保护庄稼同时又不伤害浣熊，作者只好采取折中的办法，即在庄稼地的周围放一些次等的玉米。故选C项。
10．A 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“damage by the raccoons stopped almost completely”以及下一段中的“we should learn to share”可知，作者放的这些次等玉米都不见了。故选A项。
11．D 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“if I actually fed them, the raccoons would __12__ me more, but that didn’t happen”可知，作者之前担心如果真的喂它们，浣熊会更加打搅作者，但这并没有发生。故选D项。
12．B 考查动词辨析。根据“that didn’t happen”以及语境可知，作者本以为如果给浣熊提供食物，它们就会得寸进尺，吃更多的庄稼，但实际上并不是这样。故选B项。
13．C 考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，看到自己的投食办法能够很好地保护庄稼，作者决定不再使用捕熊的夹子。故选C项。
14．D 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，作者通过放置次等的玉米从而很有效地保护了庄稼，这是一种很奇妙的经历。从这件事中，他见证了自然的秘密。故选D项。
15．A 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“We turn what used to belong to the raccoons into our fields.So while farming, we should learn to share”农民们之所以遭受这种损失，是因为他们想独占一切收成。take在此处为“索取”的意思。故选A项。(共107张PPT)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Period Two Learning About Language
课前自主预习
A．流域；盆地；盆
B．改革；(使)改正；改造；变革；改良
C．混乱；杂乱；紊乱
D．(热带)丛林；密林
E．原子能的；核能的；原子核的
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．His study was in chaos, so he spent much time finding the file.( )
2．The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life.( )
3．All the talk had been about the limitation of nuclear weapons.( )
4．Water dripped into a basin at the back of the room.( )
5．Don’t venture into the jungle without a guide.( )
【答案】1－5 CBEAD
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．submission n．屈服；投降；归顺；提交；呈递；→________ vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服
(参考：permission→permit)
2．annually adv.一年一次地→__________adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴
(参考：naturally→natural)
【答案】1.submit 2.annual
3．sense n．感觉，官能 v．感觉到；意识到
→__________ adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
(参考：create→creative)
4．harmony n．融洽；和谐→__________ adj.和谐的
5．moderation n．适度，有节制；(尤指政治观点或行为的)温和；不偏激；缓和，减轻→__________ adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
(参考：graduation→graduate)
【答案】3.sensitive 4.harmonious 5.moderate
Ⅲ.预备语法(直接引语变间接引语)
完成下列句子并感知如何将直接引语变为间接引语。
1．He said to me, “You are wrong.”
→He told me that ____________ wrong.
2．“Are you a soldier？” he asked.
→He asked ____________ I was a soldier.
【答案】1.I was 2.if/whether
3．He asked, “Where are you going to get off, John？”
→He asked John ____________ he was going to get off.
4．“Make sure the door is closed，” the teacher said to me.
→The teacher told me __________ sure the door was closed.
5．“I will come and see you again this evening，Tom，” she said.
→She told Tom that she _____ and see him again that evening.
【答案】3.where 4.to make 5.would go
课堂新知讲练
1．undergo vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)
(P28)Many experts link China’s economic success to the (comprehensive) reform that China has undergone since 1978.
【翻译】许多专家把中国经济的成功与其自1978年以来进行的全面改革联系起来。
◇词汇拓讲
undergo 常指经历或经受变化、不愉快的事等，又可意为“遭受”。
undergo tests/trials/repairs/operations
经受考验/接受检修/接受手术
【用法详解】
She will undergo immediate treatment.
她会立即接受治疗。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)Elevators must _____________________ every year.
必须每年对电梯做一次安全检查。
(2)The theory must _____________________________．
理论必须经得起实践的检验。
【答案】(1)undergo a safety inspection
(2)undergo the test of practice
2．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行
(P28)In response to this environmental issue, China is implementing significant (policies) and measures to address climate change…
【翻译】针对这一环境问题，中国正在实施应对气候变化的重大政策和措施……
(1)implement n．工具；器具；手段
vt.实施；执行；落实
to implement changes/decisions/policies/reforms
实行变革/执行决议/执行政策/实施改革
(2)implementation n．实施；执行
【用法详解】
We shall implement affective teaching to improve English teaching quality.
我们要实施情感教学法以提高英语教学质量。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)Don’t limit yourself because something looks ___________ _______________.
不要因为有些事情看起来很难执行而限制自己。
【答案】(1)too difficult to implement
(2)In primitive society, man were able to use ______________ ________________ to hunt for wild animals.
在原始社会，人类能够使用石器来捕获野生动物。
(3)The government promised to ________________________ _______ to control financial crisis.
该政府许诺要实施新的制度来控制金融危机。
【答案】(2)stone implements
(3)implement a new system
3．harmonious adj.和谐的
(P28)…aiming to (restrict) coal consumption, promote a harmonious relationship between man and nature, build a (sustainable) energy system, and advocate a moderate, green, and low-carbon lifestyle.
【翻译】……旨在限制煤炭消耗、促进人与自然的和谐关系、构建可持续的能源体系以及倡导适度、绿色和低碳的生活方式。
(1)harmony n．融洽；和谐；和声
in harmony with… 与……协调；与……一致
out of harmony with… 与……不协调
live/work in harmony生活/工作得融洽
(2)harmoniously adv.和谐地
【用法详解】
In short, a good and harmonious environment at home is essential for a child to grow healthily.
总之，良好和谐的家庭环境对孩子的健康成长至关重要。
We must implement the policy of protecting the tropical jungle in order to live in harmony with nature.
为了与自然和谐相处，我们必须执行保护热带丛林的政策。
His tastes were in harmony with hers, which brought them into harmony.
他的爱好和她的爱好一致，这使得他们相处融洽。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)In order to live ____________ (harmonious), sometimes you need to make compromises.
(2)Only when we realise the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building a ____________(harmony) society.
(3)When children grow up，their ideas will be out of harmony ________ their parents’.
【答案】(1)harmoniously (2)harmonious (3)with
完成句子
(4)Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is____________________________________．
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，我们存活下去的唯一方法是和自然和谐相处。
【答案】(4)to live in harmony with nature
4．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服
(P28)According to the report submitted by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.
【翻译】根据研究人员提交的报告，每年有20%到25%的二氧化碳排放是由热带森林的破坏造成的。
(1)submit sth to sb 提交；呈递某物给某人
submit (oneself) to sb/sth 顺从；屈服
submit that… 提议；认为
(2)submission n．屈服；呈送；提交
【用法详解】
He submitted himself to a search by the guards.
他只好让卫兵搜查。
Completed projects must be submitted by March 10.
完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)When is the final date for the _____ (submit) of proposals
(2)My father is so determined that he never submits himself ________ difficulty.
完成句子
(3)All participants are supposed ________________his/her works ______ the committee by next Friday.
任何参与者都应在下周五之前向委员会提交其作品。
【答案】(1)submission (2)to (3)to submit; to
5．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱
(P28)A breakdown in the computer system was responsible for yesterday’s chaos in the subway station.
【翻译】电脑系统的故障是造成昨天地铁站混乱的原因。
cause/result in/lead to chaos引起混乱
in chaos处于混乱之中
economic/political/domestic chaos 经济/政治/国内的混乱
【用法详解】
The house was in chaos after the party.
聚会后，房子里一片狼藉。
[针对练习]
翻译句子
(1)塞车在66号公路上引起了一片混乱。
________________________________________________
【答案】(1)Traffic jams caused chaos in Highway 66.
(2)暴风雨过后，街上一片混乱。
________________________________________________
(3)这场传染病使得这个小国一片混乱。
________________________________________________
【答案】(2)The streets were in chaos after the heavy storm.
(3)The epidemic got the small country in chaos.
6．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
(P29)Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic
【翻译】为什么核问题是一个敏感话题？
(1)be sensitive to… 对……敏感
(2)sense n．感觉；见识；意义；理解力
vt.感觉到
make sense 讲得通；有道理
make sense of 理解；弄懂
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不(置于句首句子用倒装)
There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没意义。
【用法详解】
My teeth are sensitive to cold.
我的牙齿对冷很过敏。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)This is such a ______________ (sense)issue that perhaps the press should not be told.
(2)He can make sense ________ what the teacher tries to let him know.
【答案】(1)sensitive (2)of
完成句子
(3)_________________________________ for a person who has no sense of responsibility.
等一个没有责任感的人没有任何意义。
【答案】(3)There is no sense in waiting
7．on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
(P29)I’m doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.
【翻译】我正在代表学校做一个关于全球变暖的项目。
on behalf of sb＝on sb’s behalf 代表某人
represent sb 代表某人
stand for 代表；象征；支持
【用法详解】
I’m very glad to put on a performance here on behalf of our school.
我很高兴在这里代表我们学校演出。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)My husband could not be here tonight, but I want to thank you ________ his behalf.
(2)P.O. stands ________ post office or postal order.
【答案】(1)on (2)for
一句多译
(3)我代表这里的每个人祝愿你归国途中旅程愉快。
______________________________，I wish you a pleasant journey when you go back to your country. (on behalf of)
→____________________________________，I wish you a pleasant journey when you go back to your country.(represent)
【答案】(3)On behalf of everyone here；Representing everyone here
(P28)In response to this environmental issue, China is implementing significant (policies) and measures to address climate change, aiming to (restrict) coal consumption…
【翻译】针对这一环境问题，中国正在实施应对气候变化的重大政策和措施，旨在限制煤炭消耗……
【句式剖析】
“aiming to…”是一个动词的-ing形式短语，在句中作伴随状语，表示在谓语动作发生时，伴随发生的动作。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
动词的-ing形式作伴随状语，通常位于句子的后面，表示主语发出的动作。
I have a very busy life with no time to sit around, feeling sorry for myself.
我的生活很忙碌，没有时间坐下来自怨自艾。
Do you wake up every morning feeling energetic and ready to start a new day
每天早上醒来，你是否感觉精力充沛，准备开始新的一天？
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The lady stood there still, ________ (stare) at the picture hanging on the wall.
(2) They communicated with each other, ____________(use) a kind of special language.
(3)The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, ________(cut) the branch.
【答案】(1)staring (2)using (3)cutting
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【例句观察】
1．She said, “I will go home after work.”
→She said that she would go home after work.
2．Mary said to me, “I have lived here for ten years.”
→Mary told me (that)she had lived there for ten years.
3．He asked, “Will you go on the trip？”
→He asked whether I would go on the trip.
4．He said, “I am listening to music now．”
→He said that he was listening to music then．
5．Tom said to me, “Are you tired？”
→Tom asked me if I was tired．
【我的领悟】
1．本句中的直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语的__________发生了改变。
2．本句中的直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语的__________发生了改变。
Keys：1.人称 2.时态和地点状语
3．本句中的直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语前面增加了__________。
4．本句中的直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语的__________发生了改变。
5．本句的直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语的__________发生了改变。
Keys：3.引导词 4.时间状语 5.语序
□直接引语与间接引语
直接引语变为间接引语，被转述的分句(即宾语从句)的某些限定词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面需做相应的变化。
一、句式的变化
1．直接引语是陈述句
变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。引述动词如果是say to或said to，常相应地改为tell或told。
She said to me, “I came back an hour ago.”
→She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.
2．直接引语是疑问句
(1)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(…or…或…or not)或if引导。疑问语序改为陈述语序。引述动词如果是say或said，常相应地改为ask或asked。
Mother said to her daughter, “Are you satisfied with your new room？”
→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.
(2)若直接引语是特殊疑问句，则间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。但要注意把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
“When will the sports meet be held？” he said.
→He asked when the sports meet would be held.
3．直接引语是祈使句
(1)如果直接引语表示要求和命令，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb to do sth的形式。
“Follow his instructions，” she said to me.
→She told me to follow his instructions.
(2)如果直接引语表示建议、提议，变间接引语时多采用suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句，从句使用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should也可省略)、offer to do和ask/advise/want sb＋to do等结构。
Jack said, “Let’s go to the cinema tonight.”
→Jack suggested that we (should) go to the cinema that night.
→Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.
(3)如果直接引语是表示请求的祈使句，变间接引语时，常用ask，beg等动词转述。
My daughter said to me, “Please don’t leave me alone at home.”
→My daughter begged me not to leave her alone at home.
(4)如果直接引语是表示警告或提醒的祈使句，变间接引语时，常用warn，remind等动词转述。
Tom said to me, “Don’t forget to buy that book.”
→Tom reminded me not to forget to buy that book.
(5)如果直接引语中祈使句是否定形式，变间接引语时，不定式符号to前要加not或never。
She said, “Don’t make so much noise，children！”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
【名师点津】
引述原话为祈使句的直接引语转换成间接引语时，注意直接引语中如果有please，间接引语中需要省去。
The old man said to Lily, “Please read the letter to me.”
→The old man asked Lily to read the letter to him.
二、人称的变化
1．“一随主”，指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Mary said, “I want to have a computer of my own.”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
2．“二随宾”，指直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
Her colleague said to her, “Who did you ask for a leave？”
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.
3．“第三人称不更新”，指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
The workers said, “The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.”
→The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.
三、时态的变化
1．若直接引语中主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，变为间接引语时，时态要变为过去的某一时态。直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如表：
引语 直接引语 间接引语
句子 时态 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
2．直接引语变为间接引语，时态不发生变化的情况：
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时；
The teacher said to them, “The moon is much smaller than the sun.”
→The teacher told them that the moon is much smaller than the sun.
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变；
The girl said, “I was born in Beijing in 2008.”
→The girl said that she was born in Beijing in 2008.
(3)直接引语中主句的谓语动词为一般现在时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
He says, “I didn’t go to school today.”
→He says that he didn’t go to school that day.
四、指示代词、状语及方向性动词的变化
引语 直接引语 间接引语
指示 代词 this that
these those
时间 状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
引语 直接引语 间接引语
时间 状语 ago before
three days ago three days before
tomorrow the next/following day
last month/week the month/week before
next month/week the next month/week
the day before yesterday two days before
地点状语 here there
方向性动词 come go
bring take
□针对训练
将直接引语变为间接引语
1．Cathy always says, “I’ll do it better next time.”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
1．Cathy always says that she’ll do it better the next time.
2．Sarah asked me, “What were you doing from nine to eleven this morning？”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
2．Sarah asked me what I was doing from nine to eleven that morning.
3．I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight？”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
3．I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
4．The teacher said to the boy, “Open the door, please！”
→________________________________________________
5．He said, “She will come here to have a long holiday.”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
4．The teacher told the boy to open the door.
5．He said that she would go there to have a long holiday.
6．She said to me, “You play basketball better than me.”
→________________________________________________
7．“I bought this pair of shoes for my father，” Kate said.
→________________________________________________
【答案】
6．She told me that I played basketball better than her.
7．Kate said she had bought that pair of shoes for her father.
8．My father said, “I hope you will grow up to be President.”
→________________________________________________
9．He said, “I saw the film yesterday.”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
8．My father said that he hoped I would grow up to be President.
9．He said that he had seen the film the day before.
10．She said, “I have seen the film.It is good.”
→________________________________________________
11．He asked, “Is it raining？”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
10．She said that she had seen the film, and that it was good.
11．He asked if it was raining.
12．He said, “I will give my students a few holidays at the end of this month.”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
12．He said that he would give his students a few holidays at the end of that month.
13．“Light travels much faster than sound，” my father said to me.
→________________________________________________
14．“When do you come here？” she asked.
→________________________________________________
【答案】
13．My father told me that light travels much faster than sound.
14．She asked me when I went there.
15．Henry said, “I haven’t seen her today.”
→________________________________________________
16．Shelly said, “I arrived two days ago.”
→________________________________________________
【答案】
15．Henry said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
16．Shelly said that she had arrived two days before.
课后进阶专练
基础练
(建议用时：18分钟)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Lily’s grandfather________(know) for his skills in surgery is quite popular in the city.
2．The child was forced ________(leave) school to support his family in his early days of life.
3．The old man was walking up and down along the road ________ search of his lost keys.
【答案】1.known 2.to leave 3.in
4．In this ________(harmony) village, all the villagers are kind and helpful to each other.
5．A number of people ________(undergo) the frightening moment as the Earth was shaking.
6．As electricity was cut off, the whole city was ________ chaos.
【答案】4.harmonious 5.underwent 6.in
7．The advertisements are broadcast day and night, ________(aim) to persuade people to buy their products.
8．Mike told his parents that he ________(lose) his mobile phone on his way home from school.
9．Mary told me ________ she would pay a visit to China with her parents next month.
10．Our teacher told us that the moon ___________________ (turn) around the Earth.
【答案】7.aiming 8.had lost 9.that 10.turns
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．__________________ the increasing number of children, the city government has decided to set up another school in the city.
为了应对孩子数量的增加，市政府决定在市区再建一所学校。
2．We won’t ________________ our failure.
我们是不会甘心失败的。
【答案】1.In response to 2.submit to
3．Many people __________________ this kind of food.
许多人对这种食物过敏。
4．It was his complacency that ____________ his failure in the examination.
是他的自满导致了他在考试中的失败。
【答案】3．are sensitive to
4．led to/resulted in/brought about
Ⅲ.单元语法专项填空
Li Hua told me1.________ he 2.________(have) a talk with his father two days before.His father asked him 3.________ he wanted to be and 4.________ he’d like to be a lawyer.Li Hua told his father that there 5.________ be an exam the next week.
【答案】1.that 2.had had 3.what 4.if/whether 5.would
Li Hua said 6.________ he didn’t know how many times he 7.________(fail) and how he 8.________ (can) catch up with others.His father told him that failure 9.________(be) the mother of success.At last, Li Hua hoped that his father 10.________(will) not give him too much pressure from then on.
【答案】6.that 7.had failed 8.could 9.is 10.would
Ⅳ.微写作
我们在工作和生活中通过燃烧化石燃料来获得能量。大量的温室气体就被排放到空中，而越来越多的温室气体导致地球温度的不断上升。不断上升的温度给地球及地球上的生物造成了极大的损害，导致生态环境的不平衡。保护地球是我们每个人的责任。我们应当立即行动起来，在我们的生活和工作中尽量地减少温室气体的排放。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
In our work and life, we burn fossil fuels for energy. Large amounts of greenhouse gases are released into the air. More and more greenhouse gases cause the earth’s temperature to keep rising. The rising temperature has brought about great damage to the earth and its living things, resulting in the imbalance of the ecological environment. It is our responsibility to protect Earth. We should take immediate actions to minimise greenhouse gas emissions in our work and life.
提升练
(建议用时：15分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Fashion designers are always looking for new materials to work with. Lately, it’s all about environment-friendly materials—recycled tires, mushrooms, even pineapple fibres! What if you want such a pair of shoes Thaely is here to help.
This sneaker brand out of Dubai wants to fight the growing problem of plastic pollution. Led by 26-year-old Indian businessman Ashay Bhave, they may have found a winning approach: making shoes out of plastic grocery bags. “Thaely” means “plastic bag” in the Hindi language.
“I was looking to create footwear that is cost-effective and safe for the environment，” Bhave said in an interview with a newspaper. “I needed to come up with something that uses recycled plastic without creating any more plastic waste.” Plastic bags were the perfect solution. He said five trillion plastic bags are used around the world each year. “I was motivated to find a solution to this problem，” Bhave said.
That solution was the fibre called ThaelyTex. Made entirely from plastic bags, the material looks and feels like leather. That sounds promising. Better yet, the production process requires no additional chemicals and produces no poisonous by-products. The result is a smart-looking pair of white low-top sneakers.
Bhave wouldn’t expose the full process for making ThaelyTex, but he said that each pair of shoes was made from up to 15 plastic bags and 22 plastic bottles. Where do they get the materials Bhave told Elle that was the hardest part. “The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step of acquiring the plastic bags.”
Finally, they got help from Triotap Technologies, a waste management plant. Bhave said they offered to collect the bags and also process them into ThaelyTex.
So far, it seems like things are falling into place. There are already hundreds of pre-orders in place. It sounds like they have some plans for the future. “We have a few more colours coming up，” said Bhave. They also plan to put out a high-top model and bring in a line of clothing. Let’s hope their growth is also friendly to the environment.
1．Why did Bhave choose to make shoes out of plastic bags
A．To set a new footwear trend.
B．To test new materials for footwear.
C．To reduce the use of plastic bags in his home country.
D．To use recycled plastic in an environment-friendly way.
2．What was the most difficult task for Bhave
A．Having a few more colours for Thaely.
B．Processing plastic bags into ThaelyTex.
C．Collecting enough production materials.
D．Dealing with many poisonous by-products.
3．What does the underlined phrase “put out” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Produce. B．Conserve.
C．Provide. D．Broadcast.
4．What can be the best title for this text
A．Bhave: A Promising Young Man
B．Thaely: Killer of Waste Plastic Bags
C．ThaelyTex: Fibre Feels Like Leather
D．Triotap Technologies: A Waste Management Plant
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。印度商人Ashay Bhave找到了回收使用塑料袋的新方法——把塑料袋制成一种叫作ThaelyTex的纤维，然后用这种纤维制作鞋子。这样，塑料袋得以回收利用，从而减少对环境的污染。
1．D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This sneaker brand out of Dubai wants to fight the growing problem of plastic pollution.”及第三段中的“I needed to come up with something that uses recycled plastic without creating any more plastic waste.”可知，Bhave选择用塑料袋制作鞋子是因为他想用环保的方式使用回收的塑料。故选D项。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step of acquiring the plastic bags.”可知，对Bhave来说，最大的困难是获得足够的塑料袋来作为生产材料。故选C项。
3．A 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“a high-top model and bring in a line of clothing”和语境可知，put out在该句中意为“生产”，与produce意义一致。故选A项。
4．B 标题推测题。通览全文，尤其是第一段内容可知，本文讲述印度商人Ashay Bhave回收使用塑料袋的方法：把塑料袋制成ThaelyTex纤维再用来制作鞋子。这样塑料袋得以回收利用，同时减少了对环境的污染。B项“Thaely：废弃塑料袋的杀手”最适合作标题。故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五
In this article, we want to present why nature conservation and the promotion of sustainable development principles are important.
Environmental protection prevents natural disasters.Nature struggles for balance.This is how forests absorb CO2, grow and change it into oxygen.This provides an opportunity for life and also slows down climate change.The destruction of forests greatly changes the climate of entire regions, or even causes powerful floods.__1__
Environmental protection stimulates research and technological innovation.The idea for the first flying machine was inspired by bird observation.The rainforest is the richest source of many medicines.Almost every animal and plant has its own technical secrets.__2__ With the disappearance of ecosystems and wildlife species, the base for scientific research and technical improvement is nowhere to find.
Protecting the environment is protecting people.The loss of natural resources leads to economic crises, wars or diseases.__3__ For example, the reduction of the population of bees will affect not only the production of honey, but also the whole food production system.No bees—no honey, no fruit, very few vegetables.This leads to hunger, diseases, migrations and wars.
__4__ We meet with like-minded people.Any local success—the rescue of an endangered population for reserves—becomes a cause for global joy and inspires more participation.
We humans are part of nature and its cycles ourselves.Our impact on ecosystems has noticeable influence on our daily lives.But it can be predicted and avoided if you think with your head and act carefully.__5__ Even small deeds can improve the state of nature and our lives on the planet.
A．People spy on them and copy.
B．We are strongly dependent on it.
C．Respect for ecosystems helps to avoid such troubles.
D．And positive change can be promoted in the same way.
E．Taking part in environmental protection is a source of joy.
F．We consume the world’s natural resources in our daily life.
G．Even small changes in the ecosystem can cause huge disasters.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍保护自然和促进可持续发展原则的一些理由。
1．C 根据空格前的“The destruction of forests greatly changes the climate of entire regions, or even causes powerful floods.”可知，破坏森林会造成一些严重后果，C项“对生态系统的尊重有助于避免这些麻烦。”提出尊重生态系统的必要性，其中的“avoid such troubles”承接前一句的内容，且是对本段的总结，符合语境。故选C项。
2．A 根据上文中的“Environmental protection stimulates research and technological innovation.”和空格前的“Almost every animal and plant has its own technical secrets.”可知，几乎每一种动植物都有自己的技术秘密，环境保护有助于人类从自然界获取灵感和资源，促进研究和技术创新。A项“人们监视并复制他们。”符合语境。故选A项。
3．G 根据空格前的“The loss of natural resources leads to economic crises, wars or diseases.”和空格后的蜜蜂数量减少的例子可知，自然环境的微小物种的损失也会带来灾难。G项“即使是生态系统的微小变化也会导致巨大的灾难。”符合语境。故选G项。
4．E 根据空格后的“We meet with like-minded people.Any local success—the rescue of an endangered population for reserves—becomes a cause for global joy and inspires more participation.”可知，本段主要讲的是参加保护环境的活动可以给人带来快乐，E项“参与环保是快乐的源泉。”符合语境。故选E项。
5．D 根据空格后的“Even small deeds can improve the state of nature and our lives on the planet.”，说明我们的行为可以带来积极的变化，D项“积极的改变也可以用同样的方式来促进。”中的“positive change”对应下文的“improve the state of nature and our life on the planet”，说明了我们的行为能带来的积极变化，承上启下，符合语境。故选D项。(共85张PPT)
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Period Three Using Language
课前自主预习
A．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷
B．运动；战役；参加运动；领导运动
C．公司；企业；事业
D．恢复；使复原；修复
E．对……处以罚款
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．I was fined thirty dollars for speeding.( )
2．How do you measure the volume of a gas？( )
3．Horse breeding is indeed a risky enterprise.( )
4．They are planning a new campaign against corruption.( )
5．Several books stolen from the cupboard have now been restored.( )
【答案】1－5 EACBD
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．conserve vt.节省；保护；保存；保藏→______n．对(环境、文物等)保护；保持
(参考：reserve→reservation)
2．regulate vt.约束；控制；管理→__________ n．章程；规章制度
(参考：congratulate→congratulation)
【答案】1.conservation 2.regulation
3．smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的→__________ n．烟雾
(参考：foggy→fog)
4．dispose vt.清除；处理掉→__________ n．去掉；清除；处理
(参考：approve→approval)
5．inspect vt.检查；视察→_______ n．检查；查看；视察
(参考：direct→direction)
【答案】3.smog 4.disposal 5.inspection
Ⅲ.猜短语填空
dozens of, carry out, set up, contribute to
1．He died young because of smoking.
＝Smoking ____________ his early death.
2．She was picked out from a lot of applicants for the job.
＝She was picked out from _________ applicants for the job.
【答案】1.contributed to 2.dozens of
3．The hospital is performing tests to find out what’s wrong with her.
＝The hospital is ____________ tests to find out what’s wrong with her.
4．The government agreed to form a committee of inquiry.
＝The government agreed to ____________ a committee of inquiry.
【答案】3.carrying out 4.set up
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
( )1.In the first paragraph, the author is trying to _____．
A．introduce his purpose of writing this text
B．show us the beauty of the Li River
C．tell us about the great number of visitors
D．prove the bad effects of tourism in China
【答案】A
( )2.What contributed to the pollution of the Li River
A．Household garbage.
B．Flourishing tourism.
C．Fishing boats.
D．The local people.
【答案】B
( )3.The third paragraph mainly tells us about ________．
A．the water quality of the Li River after the treatment
B．the government’s determination to deal with pollution
C．the local people’s awareness in environmental protection
D．the measures that have been taken to deal with pollution
【答案】D
( )4.This text mainly tells us about ________.
A．the beautiful scenery of the Li River
B．how many factories were closed
C．how pollution was reduced in the Li River
D．the necessity to protect the Li River
【答案】C
( )5.This text can be classified as a(n)________.
A．advertisement B．report
C．review D．diary
【答案】B
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well-known tourist 1.________(destination) in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.2.________ reputation has had negative effects on the river’s water quality.The water quality had suffered 3.________ (great) from an increasing volume of tourists，with more household and commercial waste 4.________(end) up in the river.
【答案】1.destinations 2.Its 3.greatly 4.ending
A comprehensive initiative 5.________ (start), with a number of measures 6.________ addressed the issues.The local government set up strict regulations 7.________(regard) further industrial development.
【答案】5.was started 6.that 7.regarding
Furthermore，the local authorities began to use the media 8.______ (spread) environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy.In addition, the 9.________(ambition) “Water Ten Plan” and the “River Chief system” are now tackling water pollution across the country.With such campaigns in effect，China’s waterways are heading towards 10.________ clean and sustainable future.
【答案】8.to spread 9.ambitious 10.a
课堂新知讲练
1．conservation n．对(环境、文物等)保护；保持
(P32)The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation.
【翻译】污水处理设施的建设提高了水质和节水水平。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)conservation area保护区
environmental conservation环境保护
(2)conservational adj.保护性； 保存的
(3)conserve vt.保护；节省
(4)conserved adj.保守的
(5)conservationist
n．(自然环境、野生动植物等)保护主义者
【用法详解】
The district will be turned into a conservation area.
这个地区将变成一个保护区。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The government has realised the importance of farmland ________(conserve).
(2)It is quite important for us to ________(conservation) our natural resources on the earth.
【答案】(1)conservation (2)conserve
(3)Some strict ______________(conserve) measures should be taken to protect the wild animals.
(4)Mike is too ________(conserve) to take such aggressive steps in his life.
(5)As a ____________(conservation), Mr Brown is always spreading environmental awareness in the public.
【答案】(3)conservational (4)conserved
(5)conservationist
2．fine vt. 对……处以罚款 n．罚款
(P33)At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses.
【翻译】与此同时，他们开始定期进行检查，并对有陋习的旅游组织进行罚款。
fine sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而惩罚某人
be fined for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而被惩罚
【用法详解】
The company was fined ￡20,000 for breaching safety regulations.
这家公司因违反安全条例而被罚款2万英镑。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The cyclists should ________(fine) for not wearing helmets.
(2)The police fined me________ driving too fast.
完成句子
(3)He will be set free as soon as______________________．
罚款一交，他就会被释放。
【答案】(1)be fined (2)for (3)the fine is paid
3．have (an) effect on… 对……有影响；起作用
(P32)However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects on the river’s water quality.
【翻译】然而，它作为顶级目的地的声誉对河流的水质产生了负面影响。
have no/little/a great effect on…
对……没有影响/几乎没有影响/有很大的影响
put/bring … into effect 使……生效
come into effect生效
take effect开始实施；生效；开始起作用
in effect事实上；实际上；有效
【用法详解】
The medicine has no effect on him.
这种药对他没有效果。
The new law will soon come into effect.
新的法规很快就会生效。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Favourable policies are ________ effect to encourage employees’ professional development.
(2)A new system of taxation will come ________ effect next Monday.
完成句子
(3)The advertising campaigns usually ________________．
广告宣传活动对销售通常有很大影响。
【答案】(1)in (2)into (3)have a great effect on sales
4．dozens of许多；很多
(P32)Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.
【翻译】许多产生污染的企业都被关闭或迁走了。
a dozen (of) 一打；十二个(后接可数名词复数形式)
two/three/… dozen (＋名词) 两/三/……打(……)
by the dozen 成打地
【用法详解】
I want two dozen of these soup spoons.
我想买这些汤匙中的两打。
Packages arrived by the dozen from America.
成打的包裹从美国寄来。
She loaded me down with around a dozen cassettes.
她给我的十几个盒子加重了我的负担。
【归纳拓展】
(1)dozen前有数词或者具有数词意义的词，如a, many, several, some, a few等修饰限制时，dozen要用单数形式，后面接可数名词复数，且名词前通常无须用介词of。
I bought three dozen eggs yesterday.
我昨天买了三打鸡蛋。
(2)表示“部分与整体”的关系时，dozen即使是单数形式，也要加of，这时of后面多是一个加有限定词(如these，those，the，my，Tom’s等)的复数名词或代词。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)There were ________(dozen)of empty beer bottles lying around when we entered the room.
(2)Eggs in the shopping centre are sold ________ the dozen.
(3)I have decided to buy two dozen ______ those wonderful gifts for the children.
【答案】(1)dozens (2)by (3)of
完成句子
(4)I have learnt that the exhibition consists of _____________ __________ painted by Chinese famous artists, such as Xu Beihong，Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian and etc.
我了解到这次展览包括很多幅中国著名艺术家的杰出画作，如徐悲鸿、齐白石和张大千等。
【答案】(4)dozens of masterpieces
5．carry out执行
(P33)At the same time, they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses.
【翻译】与此同时，他们开始定期进行检查，并对有陋习的旅游组织进行罚款。
(1)carry out a plan/one’s promise/duty
执行计划/履行诺言/履行职责
(2)carry on继续下去
carry on doing sth 继续做某事
carry on with sth 继续某事
(3)carry off赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等); 带走(某物)
(4)carry through帮助渡过(难关等)；维持；完成
【用法详解】
Mike carried off the first prize in the composition competition.
迈克在作文比赛中获得了一等奖。
I’ll do what I can to help carry you through the difficulty.
我将尽我所能帮助你渡过难关。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Though it was late at night, Mike still carried ________ working on the farm.
(2)The new law will be carried ________ at the beginning of next month.
(3)Jack carried ______ my dictionary when he left my home.
(4)You ought to carry ________ your homework before I can take you to the cinema.
【答案】(1)on (2)out (3)off (4)through
1．(P32)Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
【翻译】水污染程度加剧，越来越多的家庭和商业废物最终流入河流。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river”是“with＋n.＋v.-ing”结构。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
with复合结构还常用于以下情形：
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词
(2)with＋宾语＋v.-ing(短语)
(3)with＋宾语＋介词短语
(4)with＋宾语＋v.-ed(短语)
(5)with＋宾语＋不定式(短语)
With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.
在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。
With my homework finished, I can go out to play.
我的作业完成了，就可以出去玩了。
With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.
由于没有可以说话的人，约翰感到很痛苦。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears ________ (spill) out of his eyes.
(2)With no one ________ (rely) on, I am afraid I will undergo a tough time.
(3)With his bike ________ (steal), he had to walk home.
【答案】(1)spilling (2)to rely (3)stolen
完成句子
(4)China’s image is improving steadily, _________________ _________________________ in international affairs.
随着越来越多的国家承认中国在国际事务中的作用，中国的形象正在稳步改善。
【答案】(4)with more countries recognising its role
2．(P33)With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
【翻译】有了这些措施，人们相信漓江的美丽将会被世世代代保存下来。
【句式剖析】
在“It＋be＋动词的-ed形式＋that…”句型中，It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，that仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。
【归纳拓展】
(1)常用于此句型的动词的-ed形式(短语)有believed，said，reported，thought, hoped, suggested, known, estimated, proved, recognised, pointed out等。
(2)该句型可转换为“Sb/Sth＋be＋动词的-ed形式＋to do.”句型。
(3)it作形式主语的其他句型：
①It＋be＋形容词＋to do sth/从句
②It＋be＋名词词组＋to do sth/从句
③It＋seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb/…＋从句
It is said that yoga is of great benefit to people’s health.
＝Yoga is said to be of great benefit to people’s health.
据说瑜伽对人们的健康有益。
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.
你昨天没去看那部电影真遗憾。
[针对练习]
句型转换
(1)It is said that he went abroad.
→He ______________________ abroad.
(2)It is said that he is studying medicine by himself now.
→He __________________ by himself now.
【答案】
(1)is said to have gone
(2)is said to be studying medicine
一句多译
(3)通常认为良好的教育对年轻人是有益的。
______________________________ a good education is beneficial to young people.
→A good education ________________________________ beneficial to young people.
【答案】
(3)It is generally believed that; is generally believed to be
课后进阶专练
基础练
(建议用时：10分钟)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The Danes have environmental issues high on their ______ (议事日程).
2．The cost per household for the collection and________(处理) of household rubbish is $50 a year.
【答案】1.agenda 2.disposal
3．The union has proposed some new________(规章制度) to control the hours worked by its employees.
4．________(烟雾) is a common occurrence in many major cities throughout the world.
5．It takes a long time to________(使复原) the garden to its former beauty.
6．We do not ________(容忍) any form of discrimination.
【答案】3.regulations 4.Smog 5.restore 6.tolerate
7．Don’t forget to take out the________(垃圾) when you leave the house.
8．I hope you are all prepared for the new sales _____(活动).
9．Be sure to fasten the seat belt，or you are bound to be________(罚款).
10．The turkey is large enough to feed a ________(十二个) people.
【答案】7.garbage 8.campaign 9.fined 10.dozen
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．All products have to pass strict________(inspect) before they go out.
2．His________(tolerate) of her behaviour amazed me.
3．Do you approve of my________(dispose) of these folds in the curtain
【答案】1.inspection 2.toleration 3.disposal
4．The young man________(fine) by the police felt ashamed of himself.
5．The benefits of ________(conserve) are both financial and aesthetic.
6．The________(regulate) operates in favour of married couples.
【答案】4.fined 5.conservation 6.regulation
7．It’s ________(smog).Will you close the window, please
8．Dozens________ people have been injured and many vehicles set on fire.
9．When his father died, Paul had to address himself to________(earn) his own living.
10．Her poems often deal________ the subject of love and hope.
【答案】7.smoggy 8.of 9.earning 10.with
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．_____________________ a bridge should be built here.
人们认为这里应当建一座桥。
2．__________________________ to prevent the river from being polluted.
应当采取措施来防止河水受到污染。
【答案】1．It is believed that
2．Measures/Actions/Steps should be taken
3．If the issue is not properly handled, it may_____________ ___________ them.
如果这个问题处理不好的话，可能会对他们产生消极的影响。
【答案】3．have negative effects on
4．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, ____________left their village homes for a better life in the city.
这里居住着将近1 000人，他们中的许多人都离开了家乡去城市追求更好的生活。
5．John received an invitation to dinner，and with ____________，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到了宴会请柬，因为工作已做完，他很高兴地接受了。
【答案】4．many of whom
5．his work finished
提升练
(建议用时：15分钟)
阅读理解
A
SALT LAKE CITY, Utah—Drive west of this high desert city, and it’s like entering another world. Or maybe better put, another worldly landscape: the vast, and drying wetlands along the Great Salt Lake, the largest salt lake left in the western hemisphere (西半球), some fifty miles long and thirty wide.
Carly Biedul is part of a team of scientists who have been tracking the lake’s decline amid the West’s record drought, which is made worse by climate change.They’ve been conducting weekly trips to various sampling and study sites for the last several years at the remote lake that only recently started making international headlines due to its sharp decline.Scientists warn the lake has already shrunk(缩减) nearly in half from its historical average.“For these birds that queue into these salty habitats, there are fewer places for them to go，” says Heidi Hoven, a wetlands ecologist.
Scientists say the West is believed to be as dry as it’s been in 1,200 years.The record drought has been contributing to the Great Salt Lake’s decline.But agriculture usually bears the major part of the blame.Upstream water diversion for expanding farms has meant less and less flows into the lake.Utah’s population is also growing fast, and the development is now running right up to the lake.
But all this shock and alarm, the scientists say, may be good.Faced with such severe situation, the state is being pushed into action.Utah Governor Spencer Cox has promised the lake won’t dry up on his watch.The state’s finance department has put upwards of a billion dollars lately into water conservation programmes.Heidi Hoven sees the shorebirds as a key indicator species.“We have so much more to understand about what their needs are.In these changing times, it’s really highlighting the need to understand these things quickly.The last two winters may have bought Utah a little time, but no one in the West is depending on another good snow year next year，” she says.
1．What can we learn about the Great Salt Lake
A．It is the biggest salt lake in the world.
B．It has been a worldwide focus for long.
C．It is declining at an alarming rate.
D．It attracts more and more birds.
2．What is the major cause of the lake’s drying up
A．Water diversion.
B．Climate change.
C．Increasing population.
D．Housing development.
3．What is Utah’s reaction towards the drought
A．Its governor just made a false promise.
B．It is determined to improve the situation.
C．It asks scientists to keep watching.
D．It spends lots of money to clear farms.
4．What is Heidi Hoven’s attitude towards the drying Great Salt Lake
A．Optimistic. B．Uncaring.
C．Relieved. D．Worried.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道主要介绍的是犹他州盐湖干涸的相关情况。
1．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They’ve been conducting weekly trips to various sampling and study sites for the last several years at the remote lake that only recently started making international headlines due to its sharp decline.Scientists warn the lake has already shrunk(缩减) nearly in half from its historical average.”可知，这个湖泊的水位急剧下降，现在已经比历史水平缩小了近一半，由此可知，这个湖泊正以惊人的速度缩减。故选C项。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The record drought has been contributing to the Great Salt Lake’s decline.But agriculture usually bears the major part of the blame.Upstream water diversion for expanding farms has meant less and less flows into the lake.”可知，农业对盐湖水量减少承担主要责任，为了扩大农场而进行的上游调水使得进入盐湖的水越来越少，由此可知，导流是造成盐湖干涸的主要原因。故选A项。
3．B 细节理解题。根据尾段中的 “Faced with such severe situation, the state is being pushed into action.Utah Governor Spencer Cox has promised the lake won’t dry up on his watch.The state’s finance department has put upwards of a billion dollars lately into water conservation programmes.”可知，面对严峻形势，国家被迫采取行动，最近在水资源保护项目上投入了超过10亿美元，由此可知，面对干旱，犹他州决定改善当前的状况。故选B项。
4．D 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“’We have so much more to understand about what their needs are.In these changing times, it’s really highlighting the need to understand these things quickly.The last two winters may have bought Utah a little time, but no one in the West is depending on another good snow year next year，’ she says.”可知，Heidi Hoven认为，过去两年给犹他州赢得了一点时间，但西部没有人指望明年会有一个好冬天，由此可推断，Heidi Hoven对盐湖的干涸持担忧态度。故选D项。
B
When Abdus Salam looks across the garbage-filled river near his home in one of the major clothing producing districts in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, here members a time before the factories moved in.“When I was young, there were no clothing factories here. We used to catch fish in the river，” he said. The river beside him is now black like ink. Waste from nearby clothing factories has polluted the water.
Fashion is responsible for up to one-fifth of industrial water pollution, thanks in part to weak management and enforcement in producer countries like Bangladesh, the world’s second biggest clothing producing country, where wastewater is commonly discharged directly into rivers and streams. The wastewater not only hurts the environment, but pollutes drinking water sources. 2
Once in waterways, poisonous chemicals from dyes(染料) build up to the point where light is prevented from coming through the surface, reducing plants’ ability to photosynthesise(进行光合作用). This lowers oxygen levels in the water，killing plants and animals. These chemicals and heavy metals can also build up in the body, increasing the risk of serious illnesses and skin problems. What’s worse, chemical-rich water is also used to water crops, with one recent study finding that dyes were present in vegetables and fruit grown around Savar, just north of Dhaka.
Luckily, change is coming. In Bangladesh, there are signs clothing producers are taking environmental responsibility more seriously, with brands committing to initiatives, such as the Partnership for Cleaner Textile, that tackle water, energy and chemical use in the industry. Shahab Uddin of Bangladesh’s Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change said a range of measures were being taken to address pollution, including updating conservation and environmental laws,
giving fines to polluters, setting up centralised treatment plants, and working with international development partners to improve wastewater treatment. And under a new environmental policy called Zero Liquid Discharge, dyeing, finishing and washing industries must submit a time-bound plan to reduce, recycle and reuse wastewater.
“There is definitely room for further improvement. These challenges cannot be solved overnight，” Uddin added.
5．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A．To blame clothing factories for the river pollution.
B．To introduce Bangladesh’s clothing industry.
C．To call for the closure of clothing factories.
D．To recall the good old days in Dhaka.
6．What can we learn about Bangladesh
A．It is the biggest clothing producing country.
B．It causes 20% of the world’s water pollution.
C．It suffers from serious drinking water shortages.
D．It has poor control over wastewater discharge.
7．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The difficulty of dealing with poisonous chemicals in waterways.
B．The chemicals from dyes negatively affecting photosynthesis.
C．The damaging effects of wastewater from the fashion industry.
D．The way to remove harmful chemicals from the food chain.
8．What does Zero Liquid Discharge require the clothing industry to do
A．Establish centralised treatment plants.
B．Set a deadline for tackling wastewater.
C．Pay high fines for discharging wastewater.
D．Join international groups to treat wastewater.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。孟加拉国作为世界第二大服装生产国，其服装业造成了严重的水污染。
5．A 推理判断题。第一段主要描写了Abdus Salam看到他家附近满是垃圾的河时，想起了还没建服装厂的时候，那时他们常常在河里抓鱼。而现在的河水黑得像墨，附近的服装厂污染了水。由此可知，本段主要是为了指责服装厂对河流造成污染。故选A项。
6．D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fashion is responsible for…wastewater is commonly discharged directly into rivers and streams.”可知，时装业造成了高达五分之一的工业水污染，部分原因是生产国管理和执法不力，比如世界第二大服装生产国孟加拉国，那里的废水通常直接排放到河流和溪流中。由此可知，孟加拉国对废水排放监管不力。故选D项。
7．C 段落大意题。通读第三段内容可知，染料中的有毒化学物质一旦进入水道就会积聚到阻止光线穿过水面的程度，从而降低植物进行光合作用的能力。这降低了水中的氧气水平，杀死了植物和动物。这些化学物质和重金属也会在体内积聚，增加患严重疾病和皮肤病问题的风险。更糟糕的是，富含化学物质的水也被用于灌溉庄稼。由此可知，第三段主要讲述服装工业废水的破坏作用。故选C项。
8．B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“And under a new environmental policy…must submit a time-bound plan to reduce, recycle and reuse wastewater.”可知，根据Zero Liquid Discharge环境政策，染色、精加工和洗涤行业必须提交一个有时限的计划，以减少、回收和再利用废水，即服装行业必须设置处理废水的最后时限。故选B项。
