Unit 4 Adversity and Courage课件（共4份）2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

(共81张PPT)
UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Period Four　Assessing Your Progress—Video Time
课前自主预习
A．工资
B．决议；解决；坚定
C．承诺；保证；奉献
D．残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
E．孔子学说；儒家(学说)
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．The company’s commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.(　　)
2．Conflict resolution is a peaceful way of trying to solve a conflict.(　　)
3．Confucianism and Taoism(道家) both stress the importance of compassion.(　　)
4．The union had sought a wage increase and a shorter work week.(　　)
5．These cruel devices are designed to stop prisoners from bending their legs.(　　)
【答案】1－5　CBEAD
Ⅱ.预备写作素材
1．Born into a rich family in Shanghai, he________________ (表现出极大的兴趣) doing different experiments during his childhood.
2．He is such an honest man that all _________________(高度评价他).
【答案】
1．showed great interest in
2．think highly of him
3．His modesty _________________________________(给我们留下了深刻印象).
【答案】
3．leaves us a deep impression
4．Not only did she____________________(作出了巨大贡献) to the world of science but she is regarded as the greatest woman scientist on account of what she did.
5．His____________________________(科学成就) has shaped the foundations of today’s communication.
【答案】
4．make great contributions
5．scientific achievement
课堂新知讲练
1．sign up注册；签名；报名
(P46)The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low (wages) and had to tolerate poor working conditions and rough seas, along with the cold and (damp) weather.
【翻译】报名参加这类航行的人工资很低，而且不得不忍受恶劣的工作条件、波涛汹涌的海面以及寒冷潮湿的天气。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)sign vi.& vt. 签(名)；签字；签署
sign in (到旅馆或俱乐部)登记；签到
sign out签退；签名登记离开
sign up for报名参加
sign to sb (to do sth) 向某人打手势/示意某人(做某事)
(2)sign n. 迹象；征兆
There is a/no sign of/that…有/无迹象表明……
【用法详解】
You should sign up for some creative courses.
你应该参加些创造性的课程。
Whoever wants to go there must sign up here.
无论谁想去那儿，都要到这里签名。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign ________ good fortune and wealth.
【答案】(1)of　
完成句子
(2)Once, the school organised a trip to the movies for the students, and many of Shao’s classmates ________________ it.
有一次，学校组织学生去看电影，邵的很多同学都报名参加了。
(3)Our monitor ________________________________ before our headteacher came into the classroom.
在班主任进入教室前，班长示意我们停止说话。
【答案】(2)signed up for
(3)signed to us to stop talking
2．(be) known as… 被认为是……；作为……而出名
(P46)The philosophy of Confucius, also known as Confucianism, (has) deeply (influenced) Chinese culture.
【翻译】孔子的哲学，也被称为儒家思想，深深地影响了中国文化。
(1)be known as…
被认为是；作为……而出名(指以某种身份而出名)
(2)be known for…
因……而出名/闻名(其后多接表示人或物的特点、特长等内容)
(3)be known to…
为……所熟知/知道/了解(其后常接人作宾语)
【用法详解】
Chairman Mao is known to every person in China.
毛主席在中国家喻户晓。
Zhong Nanshan is known as a famous doctor throughout the world.
钟南山是世界著名的医生。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He is known ________ a dancer as well as an actor.
(2)Our city is known ________ its nice food and household electrical appliances.
(3)This boy is known ________ every person in the school.
【答案】(1)as　(2)for　(3)to
3．cope with应付；处理
(P46)How did you cope with it
【翻译】你是如何处理它的？
(1)cope是一个不及物动词，后面如果接宾语时，则必须加上介词with，意为“(成功地)对付；处理困难的事情”，或指接受或容忍不愉快的事情。
(2)cope with sb 意为“同某人竞争”。
【用法详解】
It is too much for me and I can’t cope.
这对我来说太难了，我应付不了。
It is very difficult for her to cope with her colleagues.
她是很难跟她的同事们竞争的。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)I’m sure you can __________________________．
我相信你能够处理好这个危机。
(2)You should learn to ____________________________．
你应当学会与同学竞争。
【答案】(1)cope with the crisis
(2)cope with your classmates
(3)I can’t __________________________ here.
我受不了这里的恶劣天气。
(4)Things have gone to such a situation that I ______________ ______.
情况已经到了这种境地，我完全应付不了。
【答案】(3)cope with the bad weather
(4)can’t cope with
(P46)They also had to have a strong (motive) to finish what they had started no matter how hard it was, great personal discipline, and a firm (commitment) to the other members of the team.
【翻译】不管有多大困难，他们也必须有强大的动力通过极强的自律，以及对团队其他成员的坚定承诺，去完成他们已经开始的事情。
◇句式解读
【句式剖析】
“no matter how hard it was”是一个由“no matter＋how”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论……”。
【归纳拓展】
(1)no matter和特殊疑问词(what/who/which/when/where/how等)一起引导让步状语从句。其中的no matter how引导让步状语从句时后面紧跟形容词或副词，然后再接从句中的其他成分；句子的语序为：no matter how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语部分。
No matter who you are, you must obey the law.
不管你是谁，都必须遵守法律。
We’ll have to finish the job, no matter how long it takes.
无论花多长时间，我们都得完成这项工作。
(2)no matter how/who/where/when/what/which引导让步状语从句时，可换成however/whoever/wherever/whenever/ whatever/whichever(无论多么/无论谁/无论哪里/无论何时/无论什么/无论哪个)。但当whoever, whichever(有限定范围)以及whatever引导名词性从句时，它们都不能换成no matter who/which/what。
No matter what you say(＝Whatever you say)，you are right.
无论你说什么都是对的。(No matter what在此引导让步状语从句，可换成Whatever)
【名师点津】
引导名词性从句的whoever相当于anyone/anybody who；whatever相当于anything that。
I would like to see whoever(＝anyone who) is not busy now.
谁现在不忙，我就要见谁。
We’ll try to give them whatever(＝anything that) they want.
我们会努力给他们想要的任何东西。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)One can always manage to do more things, no matter ________ full one’s schedule is in life.
(2)No matter ________ you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
(3)The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit no matter ________ season it is.
【答案】(1)how　(2)what　(3)which/what
(4)You can stay at my cottage in the country __________ you like.
(5)In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help no matter ________ there is human suffering.
【答案】(4)whenever　(5)where
课后进阶专练
基础练
(建议用时：10分钟)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He had studied modern new__________(儒家学说) all through his life and made great contributions to its development.
2．She has passed all her exams and is a q__________ accountant now.
3．Most kids hate to take b__________ pills and mothers often think of some tricks.
【答案】1.Confucianism　2.qualified　3.bitter
4．Franklin and his thirteen-year-old son somehow got separated in the__________(拥挤的人群).
5．What is the __________(动机) for the murder
6．My father, who had always been very self-controlled, became__________(坏脾气的).
【答案】4.crush　5.motive　6.bad-tempered　
7．Downstairs there’s a breakfast room and guests can relax in the __________(温馨的) bar.
8．The __________(球拍) has been used for years. I have to buy a new one.
【答案】7.cosy　8.bat
Ⅱ.短语填空
for ages，apart from, in total，give off, be known for, because of，hear of，apply for, cope with, sign up for
1．As a professional dancer, the young girl ______________ her excellent skills in dancing.
2．Please come and ________________ the camping trip here if you really take an interest in it.
【答案】1.is known for　2.sign up for
3．We have taken on extra staff to ________________ the increased workload.
4．The tall chimney ________________ dark smoke every day, which causes serious pollution to the air.
5．If you want to ________________ this job, a master degree is a must.
6．The old man has collected four thousand rare stamps ________________ in the past thirty years.
【答案】3.cope with　4.gives off　5.apply for　6.in total
7．I have never ____________ such a strange story before.
8．_____________ the design, I don’t appreciate its colour. It is too dull.
9．________________ Li Lei’s poor English, the guest seemed to have misunderstood him.
10．We have been waiting for her __________，but she still hasn’t turned up yet.
【答案】7.heard of　8.Apart from　9.Because of　
10.for ages
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．__________________________ we pushed, we couldn’t push the car out of the pit.
无论我们多么用力，我们都不能把这台汽车推出这个坑。
2．Her mother ________________________ her beautiful songs all over the country.
她妈妈因美丽的歌声而全国闻名。
【答案】1．No matter how hard
2．is known for
3．She has been working on this problem for half an hour, but she still __________________．
这道题她做了半小时，但是还没有算出来。
4．What ________ the mountain so ________？
是什么使得这座山那么特别？
5．The cat ____________________ the mouse, but failed.
那只猫试图捉住那只老鼠，但没有成功。
【答案】3．hasn’t worked it out
4．makes; special
5．attempted to catch
提升练
(建议用时：25分钟)
Ⅰ.七选五
Hope is the most powerful motivating force that helps people to overcome adversity.__1__，you need a guiding force to keep you moving towards your goals.Hope keeps you on your feet and makes you much stronger.
Hope is your strength and inner faith in the battle of your life.__2__，you lose everything.You do hard work and make a great effort to succeed in life but fail.That makes you upset and depressed.You do not know what to do.At that time, hope comes to your rescue and gives you encouragement.__3__.
Hope increases the productivity, efficiency and creativity in people.A hopeful person who stays positive and enthusiastic can succeed in any field of his choice.__4__．The best service we can do to the mankind is giving hope to the hopeless.
__5__？ Yes. Hope gives meaning to life as without hope there is no reason to live.Give hope to people and they will become more creative and more productive.Hope is vital to the life of every person.Besides, hope is necessary not only for life but also for living a healthy life.Hope is the best medicine that keeps away tension, depression, high blood pressure and other health problems.I had two big heart attacks and while at the edge of death, I had hope that I would survive.And the hope of getting well kept me alive.
A．A hopeless person is a failed person who can never succeed in life
B．Have you ever lost hope and felt sorry for yourself
C．Since you’re full of hope for the future
D．You try one more time and succeed
E．In the ups and downs of life
F．Is hope necessary for life
G．If you lose hope
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了希望对于人生的重要性：希望是使人在逆境中向着目标前进的动力。
1．E　根据空格后的“you need a guiding force to keep you moving towards your goals”可知，E项“在生活的起起伏伏中”符合语境。故选E项。
2．G　空格后是逗号，应该选择非完整句选项。G项“如果你失去希望”，与空格后的“you lose everything”是顺承关系。故选G项。
3．D　根据空格前的“At that time, hope comes to your rescue and gives you encouragement.”可知，在那时希望会向你伸出援手，给你鼓励。D项“你再试一次就成功。”承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
4．A　根据上文中的“A hopeful person…can succeed in any field of his choice.”和下文中的“The best service…is giving hope to the hopeless.”可知，空格处应为过渡句。A项“一个感到绝望的人是一个失败的人，他可能不会在生活中获得成功”承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。
5．F　空格后是问号，所以应该选择疑问句选项，F项“希望是生活所必需的吗”与空格后的“Yes. Hope gives meaning to life as without hope there is no reason to live.”逻辑关系匹配。故选F项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A 2-year-old girl has been rescued from a collapsed building nearly 91 hours after a devastating earthquake hit the 1.________(coast) Turkish city of Izmir on Friday. Rescuers found Ayda Gezgin next to a dishwasher, 2.________ apparently shielded her from the impact of the damage. Because of 3.________(lie) in the space called “life triangle”，she survived the terrible earthquake and was lucky to be found by rescuers.
Ayda called out for her mother when 4.________ (carry) to an ambulance. “Mum, I want my mum，” she said. 5.________ (unfortunate), rescuers discovered Ayda’s mother’s dead body just hours after the girl’s rescue.
“We heard her voice. We asked her what her name is. She said, ’I’m fine.’ We asked her to wave her hand and she did，” a rescue worker Nusret Aksoy said. The video of the search efforts showed rescue workers crying, praying and clapping as the 2-year-old was pulled from the rubble and wrapped in 6.________ blanket.
Ayda, who will turn 3 years old next month, appeared 7.________(wake) and responsive. Rescue workers said the girl asked for water and Ayran, a Turkish yogurt drink popular 8.________ children. Ayda’s father was not in the building during the quake. He 9.________(guide) rescue workers through his family’s destroyed home when the rescue happened. Rescue efforts are still going on at five of the 17 collapsed building 10.________(site) in Izmir.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2岁女孩Ayda在地震发生91小时后被救的情况。
1．coastal　考查形容词。空格处修饰名词city，表示“沿海的”，应用形容词。故填coastal。
2．which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词dishwasher指物且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
3．lying　考查动词的-ing形式。空格处作介词of的宾语，应用动词的-ing形式。故填lying。
4．carried　考查动词的-ed形式。分析句子可知，空格处所在句子已有谓语“called out for”，应用非谓语动词形式。动词carry与其逻辑主语Ayda是动宾关系，应用动词的-ed形式。故填carried。
5．Unfortunately　考查副词。空格处修饰后面的句子，应用副词。空格处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Unfortunately。
6．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指“一张毛毯”，应用不定冠词。blanket以辅音音素开头。故填a。
7．awake　考查形容词。appeared是系动词，意为“表现得”，其后接形容词作表语，表示“清醒的，醒着的”，应用形容词awake。故填awake。
8．with/among　考查介词。此处考查固定短语popular with/among…，意为“在……中受欢迎”。故填with/among。
9．was guiding　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，动词guide是主句的谓语，根据句意和状语从句“when the rescue happened”可知，此处应用过去进行时。主语He是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was guiding。
10．sites　考查名词的数。根据空格前的“five of the 17 collapsed building”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填sites。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假设你是李华，最近在英语学习上遇到了困难。请你根据以下提示给已回到美国的前外籍教师Jenny写一封求助信。
内容包括：
1．表达对她的思念；
2．说明你在英语学习上遇到的困难；
3．请她给出建议并邀请她再来中国。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．求助信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jenny,
How are you doing ________________________________ ______________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Jenny,
How are you doing It’s been almost two months since you returned to America.I miss you a lot.
Thank you so much for what you have done to help me with my English.Now I have met with two new obstacles.The first one is that I find it difficult to learn new words by heart, and the second one is that I often feel nervous when speaking English.
I really hope that you can give me some useful advice on how to memorise new words and practise speaking.
Come back to China for a visit whenever it is convenient for you.I am looking forward to seeing you again.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
写作高效提升
报道一个人物
本单元的写作目标是“报道一个坚韧不拔的人物”。结合本单元的话题，我们要求同学们学会写一篇人物报道，报道身边那些坚韧不拔的人物。
动笔前，你的大体构思：____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
◎单元写作目标
【引人入胜的开头句】
1．Li Lei, though born with disabilities, has made himself famous for the contributions he makes to his neighbourhood.
2．Wang Fei, a young man living next door to me, is now a very famous businessman in our city.
3．So far, Lily is remembered as a well-known singer for her touching songs.
◎话题佳句
【精彩纷呈的篇中句】
1．Born in Shunde in 1980, Mr Wu began to learn roller skating in his hometown as a child.
2．He was born in Changsha in 1980 and began to support his family at an early age by selling newspapers in the street.
3．At the age of ten, he began working in a factory to support himself.
4．Mr Li is so humble that he is thought to be the most good-tempered teacher in our school.
5．He is friendly and always wears big smiles on his face whenever he talks with us.
【回味无穷的结尾句】
1．He made himself known all over the world for his unique style of painting.
2．Unfortunately, he was killed in an accident in 1989 when he was trying to save a child.
3．Li Lei was made advanced teacher in 2007 due to his great contributions in teaching.
4．He devoted most of his time studying medical books and doing research.
5．He has set a good example to the countless students from the country.
【写作任务】
请你就下表所提供的信息用英语写一篇短文，简要介绍德国著名作曲家巴赫。
◎写作范例
姓名 Johann Sebastian Bach 生卒年代 1685年—1750年
生平 1.生于德国埃森纳赫市(Eisenach)的一个音乐世家。他9岁丧母，10岁丧父； 2．少年时期靠奖学金上学，1702年毕业，1703年成为一名小提琴手，此后创作了许多曲子； 3．晚年双目失明仍坚持创作，1750年在莱比锡(Leipzig)去世。 评价 伟大的作曲家，西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。 注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
【写作指导】
主题 德国著名作曲家巴赫的生平 体裁 写人的记叙文
人称 第三人称为主 时态 一般过去时为主
布局 第一段：巴赫的出生时间、地点； 第二段：巴赫的基本信息和主要生平经历； 第三段：对他的评价。 【遣词造句】
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1．出生于……(家庭)__________________
2．奖学金__________________
3．小提琴家__________________
【答案】1.be born into　2.scholarship　3.violinist
4．作曲__________________
5．不幸的是__________________
6．阻止某人做某事__________________
7．坚持不懈做某事__________________
【答案】4.compose　5.unfortunately
6.discourage sb from doing sth
7.persevere in doing sth
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1．完成句子
(1)Johann Sebastian Bach 1685年出生于德国埃森纳赫市的一个音乐世家。
Johann Sebastian Bach ________________ a musical family in 1685 in Eisenach，Germany.
(2)他的童年非常不幸。
He __________________________．
【答案】(1)was born into
(2)had a very unhappy childhood
(3)他9岁丧母，10岁丧父。
__________________________，he lost his mother, and the next year his father died.
(4)少年时期靠奖学金上学，1702年毕业，1703年成为一名小提琴手。
When young, he ____________________________，and graduated in 1702, and in 1703，he became a violinist.
【答案】(3)At the age of nine
(4)went to school on a scholarship
(5)此后，他创作了许多曲子。
And ________________，he __________ a lot of works.
(6)他晚年双目失明，但仍坚持创作。
He ________________________ completely in his later life.But he ________________________．
【答案】 (5)from then on; composed
(6)lost his sight; kept on creating
(7)作为伟大的作曲家，巴赫是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。
As a great composer, Bach is ___________________________ _____________________________________．
【答案】(7)one of the most important people in the history of Western culture
2．句式升级
(8)用where引导的非限制性定语从句连接句(1)(2)。
________________________________________________
(9)用after which引导的非限制性定语从句改写句(4)。
________________________________________________
【答案】
(8)Johann Sebastian Bach was born into a musical family in 1685 in Eisenach, Germany, where he spent an unhappy childhood.
(9)When young，he went to school on a scholarship and graduated in 1702，after which，in 1703，he became a violinist.
【连句成篇】
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Johann Sebastian Bach was born into a musical family in 1685 in Eisenach，Germany，where he spent an unhappy childhood.
At the age of nine，he lost his mother，and the next year his father died.When young，he went to school on a scholarship and graduated in 1702，after which，in 1703，he became a violinist.And from then on，he composed a lot of works.
Unfortunately，he lost his sight completely in his later life.However，this didn’t discourage him from working on music，and he still persevered in creating many works.Bach died in Leipzig in 1750.
As a great composer，Bach is considered to be one of the most important people in the history of Western culture.
为了弘扬科学精神，丰富学校科技艺术节活动内容，请你用英文介绍一位你最尊敬和爱戴的科学家。
内容包括：
1．对该人物的简单介绍；
2．尊敬和爱戴其的原因；
3．从其身上得到的启示。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加必要的细节。
◎写作练笔
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
One possible version：
The scientist I admire most is Yuan Longping，who was known as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．
Ever since graduation, he had devoted his life to increasing rice production in China and spreading his technology to other countries to feed more people.Meanwhile, he tried out growing new rice in deserts and seas successfully.As Dr Yuan says, one dream is not enough, which impresses me deeply.
From him I have learnt the spirit of devotion and exploration.So I decide to be a person like him.(共104张PPT)
UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Period Two　Learning About Language
课前自主预习
A．深入的；彻底的；细致的
B．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声
C．球拍；蝙蝠；用球板击球；挥打；拍打
D．潮湿的；湿气重的
E．娱乐；消遣；游戏
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．When a stranger appeared at the gate of their house, their dogs barked loudly.(　　)
2．My clothes are damp from the rain.(　　)
3．I closed the door the instant I saw the bat.(　　)
4．There are excellent facilities for sport and recreation.(　　)
5．The garage gave the car a thorough going-over.(　　)
【答案】1－5　BDCEA
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．corporation n．公司；法人→____________adj.公司的；法人的；社团的
2．fortunately adv.幸运地→____________adv.不幸地
(参考：happily→unhappily)
【答案】1.corporate　2.unfortunately
3．guide n．向导；导游 vt.指导；引导→____________ n．指导；引导
(参考：persevere→perseverance)
4．advertise vt.& vi.做广告；宣传；公布→____________ n．广告活动；广告业
(参考：belong→belonging)
5．furnish vt.布置家具→____________ n．家具
(参考：fail→failure)
【答案】3.guidance　4.advertising　5.furniture
Ⅲ.预备语法(现在完成进行时)
观察下列句子，并根据句意用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空
1．People ________________(enjoy) the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.
2．Many people around the world ________________(enjoy) city centre streets without cars for many years.
【答案】1．have been enjoying
2．have been enjoying
3．He ________________(travel) with a friend these days.
4．I ________________(look)for a job for three months.
5．I ________________(write) letters all this evening and I’ve just finished them.
【答案】3．has been traveling
4．have been looking
5．have been writing
课堂新知讲练
1．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
(P40)Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young.
【翻译】奥利弗年轻时，生活对他来说是残酷的。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)It is cruel to do sth. 做某事是残忍的。
be cruel to sb 对某人残酷
(2)cruelly adv.残酷地；非常
(3)cruelty n．残酷；残忍；残酷的行为
【用法详解】
It is cruel to keep animals in confined spaces.
把动物关在狭小的空间里是残酷的。
Thomas condemned Peters for his cruelty.
托马斯训斥了彼得斯的残忍。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The deliberate ________(cruel) of his words cut her like a knife.
(2)The dog had been ____________(cruel) treated.
完成句子
(3)I can’t put up with people _______________________．
我不能容忍对动物残忍的人。
【答案】(1)cruelty　(2)cruelly　(3)who are cruel to animals
2．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的
(P40)The officer was assigned/employed to conduct a thorough investigation into the incident.
【翻译】该官员被指派对该事件进行彻底的调查。
(1)thorough cleaning/examination/inspection/checkup/investigation 一场彻底的大扫除/检查/视察/核查/调查
(2)thoroughly adv.彻底地；完全地
【用法详解】
You must see a doctor for a thorough examination.
你必须去看医生，做一次全面的体检。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)__________________________，four things are necessary.
为了完全掌握一门外语，有四点是必要的。
(2)This explanation, of course, ________________________ by everyone present.
当然，在场的每一个人都完全理解这种解释。
【答案】(1)In order to master a foreign language thoroughly
(2)was thoroughly understood
(3)Engineers carried out ___________________ of the track.
工程师对轨道进行了彻底检查。
(4)The police carried out ________________________.
警方展开了全面的调查。
【答案】(3)a thorough inspection
(4)a thorough investigation
3．application n．应用；申请；应用程序；敷用
(P40)Unfortunately, his application (was turned down) because he was too young and not qualified enough.
【翻译】不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，不符合资格。
(1)apply vt.应用；敷药，涂抹
vi.申请；适用；专心
apply for sth 申请(得到)某物
apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某物
be applied to适用于；应用于
apply sth to… 将某物涂抹于……
be applied to应用于
apply oneself to致力于
(2)applicant n．申请人
【用法详解】
You ought to apply yourself to your work.
你应该专心于你的工作。
The new discovery may be applied in medicine.
这项新发现可应用于医学。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)So far, more than one hundred people have applied ________ this position.
(2)The word “unexciting” could never be applied ________ her novels.
(3)Twenty ________(apply) have asked for this job, so you are lucky to have been admitted.
(4)You ought to hand in your ________ (apply) by the end of this month if you want this job.
【答案】(1)for　(2)to　(3)applicants　(4)application
4．guidance n．指导；引导；导航
(P41)He finally (finish) the research paper under his tutor’s guidance.
【翻译】最终，他在导师的指导下完成了研究论文。
(1)under one’s guidance＝under the guidance of sb 在某人的指导下
guidance for sb on sth 就某事给予某人的指导
seek guidance from sb 向某人寻求指导
(2)guide n．指南；指导；导游
vt.给某人领路
guide sb to… 引导某人到……
【用法详解】
Given more guidance，the boy will make rapid progress, as I made a commitment.
正如我保证的那样，如果多加引导，这个男孩会进步很快。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Parents should guide their children ____________(deal) with daily things instead of doing them for children.
(2)________ (guide) by the local farmer，we found the old house easily.
【答案】(1)to deal　(2)Guided
完成句子
(3)__________________________________ our teacher，we finished the experiment.
在老师的指导下，我们完成了实验。
【答案】(3)Under the guidance of
5．advertising n．广告活动；广告业
(P41)The company (has launched) an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.
【翻译】公司发起了一场广告宣传活动，以提升公司形象。
(1)advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告
advertise for征聘；公布
be advertised as… 被宣传为……
(2)advertiser n．登广告者；广告商
(3)advertisement n．广告
【用法详解】
I am writing to apply for the position that you have advertised in the newspaper.
我写信是想申请你们在报纸上刊登的招聘职位。
From your advertisement, I know you need a secretary.I would like to have this job.
从你们的广告上，我知道你们需要一个秘书。我想要这份工作。
Though the sea is rough，the cruise was advertised as the “journey of a lifetime”．
尽管波涛凶猛，但这次巡航被宣传为“终生难得的旅行”。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)She advertises herself ________ the best cook in the town.
(2)The ________(advertise) spoke too highly of their products in the advertisement.
(3)Now we can see ________(advertise) almost everywhere.
【答案】(1)as　(2)advertiser
完成句子
(4)We are currently ________________ a new sales manager.
我们目前正在征骋一位新销售经理。
【答案】(3)advertisements　(4)advertising for
1．(P41)I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.
【翻译】我肯定打了十几次电话才在这里碰到你。
【句式剖析】
本句中的“must have tried”表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定试过了”，语气非常肯定。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
(1)“should have＋过去分词”表示过去该做而没有做的事情，它含有责备的语气。其中的should可换用ought to(即ought to have＋过去分词)，意思不变。
You should/ought to have been here five minutes ago.
你(们)应该在五分钟之前到达这里的。
(2)“could have＋过去分词”表示过去本来能够做但是没有做成的事。
He could have passed the college entrance examination last year.
他去年本来可以考上大学的。
(3)“must have＋过去分词”表示过去一定做过某事，是一种很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。注意：这个句型不可直接在must的后面加not构成否定式。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨天晚上一定下过雨，因为地面是湿的。
(4)“can’t/couldn’t have＋过去分词”也可用来表示对过去情况的推测，意为“不可能做过某事”；第(3)个句型的否定式要用本句型表示其否定意义。
It can’t have rained last night.
昨天晚上不可能下了雨。
(5)“may/might have＋过去分词”表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的推测，意为“或许/可能做过某事”。may的可能性又比might大些。
He hasn’t turned up yet; he may/might have been ill.
他还没有来。他可能病了。
(6)“needn’t have＋过去分词”表示过去没有必要做但实际上做了的事情，意为“(过去)没有必要……”。
I needn’t have told him that.
我本没有必要将那件事告诉他的。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)She __________________________ this song.
她可能还没有听过这首歌。
【答案】(1)might/may not have heard
(2)Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, ______________ that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.
普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到，他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
【答案】 (2)could never have imagined
(3)As there was so much noise, we ____________________ what they were talking about.
由于有那么多的噪音，我们不可能听见他们在谈论什么。
(4)I should have paid enough attention to grammar, otherwise I ______________ these grammatical mistakes in my composition.
我本应该足够注意语法的，否则，我就不会在我的作文里犯这些语法错误了。
【答案】(3)couldn’t have heard
(4)wouldn’t/shouldn’t have made
2．(P41)Even though we lost the game, we should be proud of ourselves because we (tried) our best and (worked) as a team.
【翻译】即使我们输了比赛，我们也应该为自己感到骄傲，因为我们作为一个团队尽了最大的努力。
【句式剖析】
even though意为“即使，尽管”，在本句中引导一个表示让步的状语从句。
【归纳拓展】
(1)even though常用来引导一个表示让步的状语从句。这个让步状语从句，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。
(2)even though引导的让步状语从句，如果表示将来的情况，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。
(3)如果主句和从句主语相同且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句可以采用省略结构。
Even though I have to walk all the way, I’ll go there.
即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。
Even though invited(＝Even though I have been invited), I wouldn’t go to the party.
即使受到邀请，我也不去参加这个晚会。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)I will come, ________________ tomorrow.
明天即使下雪，我也会来。
(2)______________ by the frightened kitten, she insisted on preparing food for it every day. (省略结构)
尽管她被受惊的小猫咬伤了，她还是坚持每天给它准备食物。
【答案】(1)even though it snows
(2)Even though bitten
(3)They went on working outside, ____________________．
尽管天气很糟糕，他们还是继续在户外工作。
【答案】(3)even though the weather was bad
突 破 语 法
□观察领悟
【例句观察】
1．Lily has been doing her homework for two hours now.
2．My father has been writing a report on the computer since he came back home.
【我的领悟】
1．现在完成进行时的构成：________________
2．现在完成进行时常与________或________引导的时间状语连用。
3．能用于现在完成进行时的动词是延续性动词还是非延续性动词？________
Keys：1．have/has been＋现在分词
2．since; for
3．延续性动词
□现在完成进行时
1．构成
现在完成进行时是由“have/has＋been＋doing”构成的。
I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident in speaking English.
我一直在帮助动物园里的熊猫饲养员更加自在和自信地说英语。
How long have you been wearing glasses
你戴眼镜多久了？
2．用法
(1)表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在。
现在完成进行时常和all this time，this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。
I have been reading Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms recently.
我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。
She has been reciting the words all the morning.
她整个上午都在背单词。
This is what I have been expecting since my childhood.
这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。
(2)表示造成现在状态或结果的原因。
My clothes are all wet.I’ve been working in the rain.
我的衣服全湿了。我刚才一直在雨中干活。
Her eyes are red. Has she been crying
她的眼睛红了。她哭过吗？
(3)表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作。
You’ve been saying that for five years.
这话你已经说了五年了。
He has been writing articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher.
自从任教以来，他一直在为报纸和杂志撰稿。
(4)表达较重的感彩。
What have you been doing to my dictionary
你把我的字典弄成什么样子了？
Time has been flying so quickly!
时间过得可真快啊！
Too much has been happening today.
今天可真是个多事的日子。
□现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较
1．现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：
用法 时态 现在完成进行时 现在完成时
强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 √
强调动作的延续性 √
强调动作重复 √
表达生动，含有感彩 √
说明一个事实、一种影响或结果 √
They have been widening the road.
他们在加宽马路。(尚未完成)
They have widened the road.
他们加宽了马路。(已经完成)
Have you been meeting him recently
你最近一直遇见他吗？ (强调动作重复)
Have you met him recently
你最近遇见过他吗？(表示结果)
Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere.
你到哪里去了？我们到处在找你。(表示不满)
We have looked for him，but haven’t found him.
我们找过他，但没有找到他。(无感彩)
2．许多静态动词只能用于现在完成时而不能用于现在完成进行时。
He’s a lovely dog—how long have you had him
这是一只可爱的小狗——你养他多久了？
The prisoner has admitted his guilt.
这名罪犯已经承认了他的罪行。
【名师点津】
★当某些静态动词的意思发生转变时，也可用于现在完成进行时。
I’ve been thinking over your suggestion.
我一直在考虑你的建议。
Keith’s been having a lot of problems with his computer.
基思的电脑出了很多问题。
★want有时可用于现在完成进行时，表示“—直想”。
I have been wanting to visit Guilin again.
我一直在想再次去桂林旅游。
3．expect, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sit, sleep, snow, stand, stay, wait, work, write等延续性动词用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。
They have worked very well this term.
这学期他们学习得很好。
They have been working very well this term.
这学期他们一直学习得很好。
Sam has lived in Beijing for five years.
萨姆在北京住五年了。
Sam has been living in Beijing for five years.
萨姆在北京已经住了五年了。
□针对练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The dollar _________________(climb) steadily all week.
2．I __________________(wait) for an hour and a half.
3．Jim ____________________ (phone) Jenny every night for the past week.
【答案】1.has been climbing　2.have been waiting　3.has been phoning　
4．—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I __________________(practise) a lot these days.
5．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______________ (remain) around that level since.
【答案】4.have been practising　5.has remained　
6．He _________________ (listen) to English programmes since he came to the US, so he ___________(make) great progress.
7．The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he __________________ (play) in the mud all the morning.
8．By the time he realises he ____________ (walk) into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
【答案】6.has been listening; has made　7.has been playing　8.has walked
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．They ________________________________ for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了十年了。
2．The team ________________________ for the upcoming match.
团队已经为即将到来的比赛进行了艰苦的训练。
【答案】1.have been living in the city　2.has been training　
3．He ________________________________ since he was nine years old.
自九岁起他就开始收集各式各样的邮票。
4．I __________________________________ all afternoon.
我在这儿坐了一下午。
【答案】3.has been collecting all kinds of stamps　4.have been sitting here　
5．To start with, I __________________________________ Mandarin for about 17 years.
首先，我已经学习和说普通话十七年了。
6．I ____________________________________ all the time.
我一直在考虑这个问题。
【答案】5.have been learning and speaking　6.have been thinking of the problem
课后进阶专练
基础练
(建议用时：15分钟)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The ship hit a rock but ______________ (fortunate) all the crew were picked up by a passing boat before it sank.
2．He found joy in various forms of ________ (recreate) after a long day at work.
【答案】1.fortunately　2.recreation
3．To understand the topic ______________ (thorough), she spent extra time studying.
4．I would suggest avoiding any form of ______________ (cruel) towards animals.
5．I am seeking __________ (guide) on how to improve my grades.
【答案】3.thoroughly　4.cruelty　5.guidance
6．Mr Brown felt unhappy because his ________(apply) had been turned down.
7．As we all know, ________(bark) dogs never bite.
8．She is so sad, so she must ______________(hear) about the bad news.
【答案】6.application　7.barking　8.have heard
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Lily ________________________ the driving test, for she looks so happy and excited.
莉莉一定通过了驾驶考试，因为她看起来那么快乐和兴奋。
2．All the animals fled ____________________ when they heard the gun shots.
听到枪声，所有的动物都四下逃散。
【答案】1.must have passed　2.in all directions
3．____________________ you do, you ought to focus your attention on it.
无论你做什么，你都要全神贯注。
4．The teacher ________ Li Ming __________ the windows.
老师安排李明去擦窗户。
【答案】3.No matter what　4.assigned; to clean
5．All the children ______________________ happily the whole afternoon under the tree.
整个下午，这些孩子都在树下高兴地玩耍。
【答案】5.have been playing
Ⅲ.单元语法专项填空
My wish is 1.____(go) to a key university.I 2.________(study) for many years.But I have been poor 3.______ English since I went to junior school.My English teacher told me to insist 4.________listening and writing.
【答案】1.to go　2.have been studying　3.in　4.on　
I 5.________________(learn) English every morning to improve it.Because I 6.________(waste) a lot of time，it was hard to catch up with other students.After 7.________(go) to high school，I 8.___________(stay) up late into the night and 9.__________(get) up early in the morning.I 10.________(write) two compositions every day.I think I should spare no effort to improve my English and achieve my dream.
【答案】5.have been learning　6.have wasted　7.going　8.have been staying　9.have been getting　10.have been writing
Ⅳ.微写作
为了让我们的学校生活丰富多彩，上周六，我们班的同学去了东山岛(Dongshan Island)野营。早上8点半，我们乘坐一位老渔民的小木船，高高兴兴地出发了。我们一路伴随着欢歌笑语前行。不幸的是，在快靠岸的时候，船碰上了一块大礁石，海水涌进小船。小船就快下沉了。然而，老渔民让我们保持冷静，并很快地找到了解决问题的办法，使小船能够正常运行。最后，在老渔民的指导下，我们都安全地上了岸。
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
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One possible version：
To make school life rich and colourful, our class set off for a camping in Dongshan Island last Saturday. We set out at half past eight in a fisherman’s boat and headed for our destination happily. We sang excitedly and laughed loudly as we voyaged forward. Unfortunately, our ship knocked into a huge stone as we approached the island and water began to run into the boat. Our small boat was about to sink.
However, the fisherman assigned us to keep calm and soon found a solution to the problem and he was able to keep the boat going as normal. Under the guidance of the fisherman, we all landed safe and sound.
提升练
(建议用时：15分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
To help astronauts of the future survive the mental challenges that come with living in space for extended periods of time, space travellers’ missions could soon be accompanied by AI-powered, epathetic (同理心的) robotic assistants.
Not only does space travel present astronauts with a lot of physical stresses, spending months or years in such a physically demanding place with limited space and the same people can also raise lots of mental tests as well. According to MIT Technology Review, scientists are wording to ease some of the mental challenges facing astronauts by creating an AI assistant that’s able to feel human emotion and respond with empathy.
While such a technology would prove itself useful by being able to predict the needs of crew members and intervene if their mental health is in need of help, it has the potential to the life saving when humans choose to explore beyond the earth’s gravitational field and towards deep space.
Though astronauts currently on the International Space Station have an intelligent robot to interact with, it lacks proper emotional intelligence. As a result, a team at the organisation’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is working on a more advanced and complicated emotional support companion that can control a spacecraft’s functioning in addition to tracking crew member’s behaviours.
Right now in the lab, an AI-equipped robot called Henry the Helper can be found wandering around the grounds helping visitors who appear confused or lost based on their facial expressions. Two more emotionally intelligent robots are expected to be introduced later this year, one of which is said to be able to participate in conversations more complex than giving navigation(导航) assistance.
The team’s final goal is to make a companion named Fiona the Future a reality, an emotionally intelligent cross-platform system. Rather than being limited to a physical robotic device, it could be digitally integrated into space stations and habitats on Mars and beyond. Fiona, if all goes according to the JPL’s plans, will help keep astronauts of the future mentally fit as they start their journeys to deep space.
1．Why are the emotional support robots needed
A．To help astronauts get rid of physical stresses.
B．To protect astronauts from emotional suffering.
C．To achieve the mission of exploring deep space.
D．To test the robots’ ability to feel human emotions.
2．What is true about the current intelligent robot on the International Space Station
A．It can save astronauts’ lives.
B．It can interact with astronauts.
C．It has emotional intelligence.
D．It can predict astronauts’ needs.
3．What do we know about Fiona the Future
A．It is due to be introduced this year.
B．It is available in the space stations.
C．It is just a physical robotic device.
D．It is more of an intelligent system.
4．Where does this passage probably come from
A．A medicine magazine.
B．A business magazine.
C．A science magazine.
D．A travel magazine.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来宇航员可以在有同理心的智能机器人的陪伴下完成太空探索任务。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段“To help astronauts of the future survive the mental challenges that come with living in space for extended periods of time, space travellers’ missions could soon be accompanied by AI-powered, empathetic(同理心的) robotic assistants.”和第二段中的“According to MIT Technology Review, scientists are wording to ease some of the mental challenges facing astronauts by creating an AI assistant that’s able to feel human emotion and respond with empathy.”可知，研发情感支持机器人是为了应对宇航员长期在太空生活所带来的精神挑战，缓解宇航员面临的一些心理问题，保护宇航员免受心理问题的折磨。故选B项。
2．B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Though astronauts currently on the International Space Station have an intelligent robot to interact with, it lacks proper emotional intelligence.”可知，空间站现有智能机器人能与人互动，但是缺乏理解人类情感的能力。故选B项。
3．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The team’s final goal is to make a companion named Fiona the Future a reality, an emotionally intelligent cross-platform system. Rather than being limited to a physical robotic device, it could be digitally integrated into space stations and habitats on Mars and beyond. Fiona, if all goes according to the JPL’s plans, will help keep astronauts of the future mentally fit as they start their journeys to deep space.”可知，团队的最终目标是研发出一种跨平台情感智能系统，根据描述可知，Fiona the Future更像是一个智能系统。故选D项。
4．C　推理判断题。文章主要介绍了未来宇航员可以在有同理心的智能机器人的陪伴下完成太空探索任务，本文是一篇科技类说明文，可能出自一本科学杂志。故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五
On any given day, many of us wrestle with our fears.We might be considering changing a job, telling someone we love them or wanting to speak up for what’s right when we see injustice.__1__ Or it says that we don’t have the ability to create the life or world we want to have.The cycle often plays out in the same way.
So, what should we do？__2__ Instead, we can choose to accept fear as part of the process of change and practise courage.Though courage is often thought of as an inborn character, it’s actually a practice that can be learnt from dealing with difficulties.__3__ Here are two useful tips for dealing with fear and moving closer to courage.
Listen without attachment.Many of us who are stuck in fear have an inner critic, constantly telling us we’ll fail.Sometimes we adopt approaches to removing it.__4__However, if we can take time to listen to our inner critic without attachment—without the need to ignore or accept what it is saying—we’re in a better position to learn from it.
__5__ Creating courageous communities gives us the support to face challenges.Sometimes our stories get in our way, and we need people who are doing similar work to help us see where we’re getting stuck or what we’re truly good at.
A．Fear shows up in the body.
B．You’ll be more likely to make the changes.
C．In other words，courage can become a habit.
D．Don’t see fear as bad or try to remove it when it arises.
E．But a voice within us pipes up saying that there’s no point.
F．While we can get temporary relief，they don’t actually make the critic go away.
G．Surround yourself with like-minded people who also honour the values of courage.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何获取勇气来战胜内心的恐惧。
1．E　根据上文中的“wanting to speak up for what’s right when we see injustice”和下文中的“Or it says that we don’t have the ability to create the life or world we want to have.”可推知，空格处与上文内容构成转折并引出下文。E项“但我们内心里的声音大声说没有意义。”符合语境。故选E项。
2．D　根据空格后的“Instead，we can choose to accept fear as part of the process of change and practise courage.”可知，空格处的内容与后文内容相反。D项“不要把恐惧看成不好的事情并在它一出现时就消灭它。”符合语境。故选D项。
3．C　空格处是对上一句“it’s actually a practice that can be learnt from dealing with difficulties”的进一步说明。C项“换句话说，勇气可以成为习惯。”符合语境。故选C项。
4．F　根据上文中的“Many of us who are stuck in fear have an inner critic…Sometimes we adopt approaches to removing it.”和下文中的“However…”可推知，空格处承接上文并引出下文，继续讲述用方法消除恐惧的结果。F项“虽然我们可以得到暂时的轻松，但它们实际上不会让评论家离开。”符合语境。故选F项。
5．G　根据下文中的“Creating courageous communities…and we need people who are doing similar work to help us”可推知，本段的内容和结识有勇气的人有关。G项“和志同道合的、尊重勇气的人在一起。”符合语境。故选G项。(共116张PPT)
UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
核心素养目标
【语言技能】
能够根据语篇中的语言材料，对相关人物的个性或性格特征进行推测和判断；
能够根据所听材料，对事件的原因和结果进行判断；
写一篇有关探险家的短文和一篇有关人们奋斗不息的报道；
学习现在完成进行时，并复习全部所学的时态。
【素养提升】
了解人类南极探险的经历；
听探险家分享的探险经历；
写一篇探险故事；
了解著名探险家或其他名人在探险过程中是如何克服困难，战胜挑战并培养自己的顽强意志的。
Period One　Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习
A．全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
B．严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
C．上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
D．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
E．沉没；下沉；下降；使下沉；使沉没
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．A small leak will sink a great ship.(　　)
2．The piece of furniture serves a dual purpose as a cupboard and as a table.(　　)
3．The plane crashed, killing all 157 passengers aboard.(　　)
4．The ship set sail after all the crew came on board.(　　)
5．The medicine has a bitter taste.(　　)
【答案】1－5　EDCAB
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．enthusiasm n．热情；热心→______________ adj.热情的；热心的
(参考：pessimism→pessimistic)
2．assignment n．工作；任务；布置；分派
→____________ vt.分派；布置；分配
(参考：development→develop)
【答案】1.enthusiastic　2.assign　
3．abandoned adj.被抛弃的；被遗弃的→______________ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
(参考：limited→limit)
4．persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→__________n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
(参考：guide→guidance)
【答案】3.abandon　4.perseverance　
5．qualify vt.取得资格(或学历)；合格；使合格；使具备资格→______________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
(参考：apply→applied)
【答案】5.qualified
Ⅲ.猜短语填空
apply to do, turn down, be enthusiastic about, set off, assign sb to do
1．They may apply for joining the organisation.
＝They may __________________ the organisation.
2．What did the teacher arrange us to do at home
＝What did the teacher ____________________ at home
【答案】1.apply to join　2.assign us to do
3．I am afraid our boss will refuse me.
＝I am afraid our boss will ____________．
4．It was raining hard when we started off.
＝It was raining hard when we __________．
【答案】3.turn me down　4.set off
5．He was passionate about sports, and he was an extraordinary athlete.
＝He _______________________ sports, and he was an extraordinary athlete.
【答案】5.was enthusiastic about
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
(　　)1.How did Perce Blackborow manage to join an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton
A．By hiding himself in a cupboard of the ship.
B．By applying for a position on the ship.
C．By serving the explorers meals on the ship.
D．By putting an advertisement in the newspaper.
【答案】A
(　　)2.When they were about to arrive at the Antarctica, ________.
A．they ran out of food
B．they were stuck in the ice
C．their ship knocked into an iceberg
D．they were rescued by the navy
【答案】B
(　　)3.How did the author feel on the Elephant Island
A．Optimistic. B．Confident.
C．Pessimistic. D．Proud.
【答案】C
(　　)4.Which of the following words can we use to describe Sir Ernest Shackleton
A．Aggressive and organised.
B．Encouraging and selfish.
C．Generous and wise.
D．Considerate and persistent.
【答案】D
(　　)5.This text can be classified as _________．
A．a commercial advertisement
B．a personal diary
C．a news report
D．a historical review
【答案】B
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
Perce Blackborow had been dreaming of a wonderful adventure，so he didn’t give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition.Perce 1.__________(secret) hid in a cupboard, only 2.__________(find)after they set off.He felt fortunate and happy when he 3.__________(assign) as a steward instead of being sent back home.
【答案】1.secretly　2.to be found　3.was assigned　
It was a tough journey.The ship got 4.__________ (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship.5.__________ the guidance of Sir Ernest，they 6.__________ (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo，7.__________ kept their spirits up during the journey.Finally, Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island to find help.
【答案】4.stuck　5.Under　6.threw　7.which　
The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered.It was the genuine 8.____________ (encourage)and concern from Frank Wild that cheered him up.Frank and Ernest’s resolve and perseverance filled him with hope.Realising that he shouldn’t become selfish just because of 9.__________ adversity they were faced with，he learnt to be optimistic and 10.__________(determine).
【答案】8.encouragement　9.the　10.determined
课堂新知讲练
1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
(P38)However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
【翻译】然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不符合资格。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)be qualified for sth 有资格获得某物
be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事
(2)qualify vt.& vi. (使)具备资格；(使)合格
qualify sb for sth 使某人有资格获得某物
qualify sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事
(3)qualification n. 资格；资历；资格证书
【用法详解】
The reason why I think I am qualified for the steward are as follows.
我认为自己能有资格担任乘务员的原因如下。
My previous experience as a volunteer in the local hospital will qualify me for the job.
我过去在当地医院做志愿者的经历使我有资格胜任这份工作。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)I have taken part in several similar activities, which will qualify me ______ the voluntary work.
(2)Last year, one in five boys left school without a _________ (qualify).
(3)The test will qualify you ________(drive) the new car.
【答案】(1)for　(2)qualification　(3)to drive
句型转换
(4)He is looking for a person who is qualified to do the job.
→He is looking for a person ______________________．(形容词短语作定语)
【答案】(4)qualified to do the job
2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
(P38)But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship…
【翻译】但我很想跟他们一起去，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船……
(1)be enthusiastic about… 对……充满热情
be enthusiastic to do sth 做某事很热情
(2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热心
with enthusiasm＝enthusiastically 热情地
【用法详解】
She never lost her enthusiasm for teaching.
她从未失去过教书的热忱。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)The young girl is very enthusiastic ____________(read) a novel in her spare time.
(2)Bernard and John still made popcorn with ____________ (enthusiastic) in spite of several failures.
【答案】(1)to read　(2)enthusiasm
完成句子
(3)The report said ___________________________________ self-driving tours.
报告称，游客对自驾游的热情更高。
【答案】(3)visitors were more enthusiastic about
3．assign vt.分派；布置；分配
(P38)He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
【翻译】他分派我做服务员，现在我每天三次为二十八个人做饭。
(1)assign sb sth＝assign sth to sb 给某人分配/布置某事
assign sb to do sth 分派某人做某事
assign sth to sth 确定(价值、功能、时间、地点等)
(2)assignment n．分配；任务；作业；分派
【用法详解】
We think it impossible for them to finish their assignment in such a short time.
我们认为他们不可能在这么短的时间内完成作业。
As the legal representative of the enterprise, I assigned the inspection to her.
作为公司的法定代表人，我指派她负责检查。
【语境助记】
During the Tree Planting Day，our monitor assigned each student a specific task. I was assigned to dig the pits and my deskmate’s assignment was to put soil into the pits.
在植树节期间，我们班长分配给每名学生一个具体的任务。我被派去挖坑，我同桌的任务是往坑里填土。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)My company has assigned me ______________(negotiate) business with you.
(2)You need to complete three ________ (assign) each week.
【答案】(1)to negotiate　(2)assignments
句型转换
(3)He was not satisfied with the car which was assigned to him.
→He was not satisfied with the car ________________．(动词-ed形式作定语)
【答案】(3)assigned to him
4．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌
(P38)How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!
【翻译】当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，大家会多么羡慕我啊！
(1)with envy 羡慕地
green with envy 非常嫉妒；非常眼红
become/be the envy of sb 成为羡慕(或嫉妒)的对象
out of envy 出于嫉妒
(2)envious adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的
be envious of… 嫉妒……
(3)enviously adv. 羡慕地； 嫉妒地
【用法详解】
His new house became the envy of all his friends.
他的新居成了所有朋友羡慕的对象。
To my surprise，the class broke into applause, some even casting an envious look at me.
令我惊讶的是，全班爆发出热烈的掌声，有些人甚至用羡慕的眼光看着我。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Her long hair is the envy __________ her colleagues.
(2)When I was very small，I felt so __________(envy) to see the children riding bicycles，and I thought they were so cool.
完成句子
(3)They only say such unkind things about you __________．
他们纯粹出于忌妒才对你说这些不友善的话。
【答案】(1)of　(2)envious　(3)out of envy
5．abandon vt.放弃；舍弃；抛弃
(P38)Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets.
【翻译】在我们离开这艘船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我们召集在一起，告诉我们去营救我们最重要的物资——小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。
(1)abandon oneself to (doing) sth 沉溺于(做)某事
abandon doing sth 放弃做某事
(2)abandoned adj.废弃的；被遗弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to (doing)… 沉湎于(做)……
(3)abandon n. 放任；放纵
with abandon放任地；放纵地；尽情地
【用法详解】
However great the difficulty is，never will we abandon protecting the ocean.
无论困难有多大，我们永远不会放弃保护海洋。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)However, last month，these plans ____________(abandon) because of financial problems.
(2)The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms __________ abandon.
(3)They abandoned ________(carry) out the plan for lack of money.
【答案】(1)were abandoned　(2)with　(3)carrying
句型转换
(4)I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the examination.
→_____________________________________，I performed extremely badly in the examination.(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
→____________________________，I performed extremely badly in the examination.(动词-ed形式短语作状语)
【答案】(4)Abandoning myself to computer games;
Abandoned to computer games
6．resolve n．决心；坚定的信念
vt.& vi.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)
(P39)Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
【翻译】他们对他人真诚的关心、他们的毅力和决心让我充满希望。
(1)resolve sth 解决某事
resolve to do sth 决定做某事
resolve on doing sth 决定做某事
the resolve to do sth 做某事的决心
(2)resolution n．决议；解决；坚定
【用法详解】
He resolved on going abroad to study.
他决定到海外留学。
He made a firm resolve to give up drinking.
他下决心不再喝酒。
They never came up with a solution to resolve the real problem.
他们一直没有找到解决实际问题的办法。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)We must find a way ____________(resolve) these problems before it’s too late.
(2)The government is pressing for an early ________(resolve) of the dispute.
【答案】(1)to resolve　(2)resolution
完成句子
(3)I ______________________________ the most challenging task to Tom—a hard-working and enthusiastic man.
我已经决定把这项最具挑战性的任务分配给汤姆——一个既勤奋又热情的人。
【答案】(3)have resolved to assign
7．furniture n．家具
(P40)It took him a lot of vigour/energy to move all the items of furniture inside the house.
【翻译】他费了很大力气才把房间里所有的家具搬走。
(1)a piece of furniture一件家具
(2)furnish vt.装修；布置；设置；提供；供应
furnish sth with sth 用某物布置某物
furnish sb/sth with sth＝furnish sth to sb/sth
为某人/某物提供某物
(3)furnished adj.备有家具的
be furnished with备有；安装有
【用法详解】
Each piece of furniture in their home suited the style of the house.
他们家的每件家具都与房子的风格相称。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Eleanor moved into a small________(furnish) apartment.
(2)Many proprietors(业主) try to furnish their houses________ antiques.
(3)The young couple didn’t have much money to buy some new ___________ any more, because they had spent too much in __________ their house.(furnish)
【答案】(1)furnished　(2)with　(3)furniture; furnishing
8．turn down 拒绝；调小(音量)
(P38)However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.
【翻译】然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不符合资格。
turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；开始从事(学习、工作)；查阅；转向
turn into…变成……
turn up出现；露面；调大
turn out证明是；结果是；外出
turn over打翻；翻身；移交
turn off关掉(电源等)
turn on打开(开关)
turn in上交
【用法详解】
If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.
如果没有在截止日期后的4天内上交，将会得到零分。
My genuine friend promised that he would turn up at my birthday party the next day.
我哥们儿答应我第二天会来参加我的生日聚会。
Having undergone something miserable，he did not fall asleep, turning over in bed from time to time.
经历了一些痛苦的事情后，他没有睡着，不时在床上翻身。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He promised to come today，but he hasn’t turned _______ yet.
(2)You must turn __________ your pass when you leave the building.
【答案】(1)up　(2)in　
完成句子
(3)In my younger and more vulnerable years, my father gave me a suggestion that I’ve been ______________ in my mind ever since.
在我年纪更轻，感情更脆弱的那些年里，父亲曾给过我一句忠告，这话至今仍萦绕在我心头。
【答案】(3)turning over
9．hold on稍等；挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断
(P39)Hold on now, Perce.
【翻译】要坚持住啊，珀西。
hold up 支撑起；承受住；延迟；阻碍；抢劫
hold on to 抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持
hold back 阻挡；阻拦；隐瞒；控制
hold down 压制；限制
hold out (在困境中)坚持；伸出；提供；维持；忍耐
【用法详解】
Can you hold on？I’ll see if he’s here.
等一下行吗？我去看看他在不在。
Jane is determined to hold on to her own fortune.
简决心要守住自己的财产。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)With some hesitation and an uncertain smile, she held ________ her hand.
(2)You should hold on ___your company and it will get better.
(3)It was rather hard to fulfil the task, but they held_____ and over-fulfilled it.
(4)No one can hold ________ the wheel of history.
【答案】(1)out　(2)to　(3)on　(4)back
1．(P38)… Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
【翻译】……一天早上，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了关于南极探险的广告。
【句式剖析】
it在本句中是一个形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的名词性从句。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
happen vi.(尤指偶然)发生；出现； 碰巧；恰好
(1)Sth happens. 某事发生。
(2)Sth happened to sb.
某人遇上了某事。(通常是不愉快的事情)
(3)Sb happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事。
(4)It happened that… 碰巧发生……
You’ll never guess what’s happened!
你绝对猜不到发生了什么事！
I happened to see her leave.
我碰巧看到她离开。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)A terrible accident ________(happen) last Sunday on Highway 22.
(2)A big fire happened ________ the Browns last weekend.
(3)Mr Li happened ________(be) out when I paid him a visit last Sunday.
(4)It so happened ________ Johnson failed to catch the flight which exploded in the air.
【答案】(1)happened　(2)to　(3)to be　(4)that
2．(P38)Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.
【翻译】赫西常常演奏他的班卓琴来振作我们的精神。
【句式剖析】
to keep our spirits是动词不定式，在此句中作目的状语。
【归纳拓展】
(1)动词不定式通常指由to加上动词原形(如to do)所构成的一种非限定性动词形式，但在有些情况下to可以省略。
(2)动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
(3)动词不定式有进行体(to be doing)和完成体(to have done)，也有被动语态(to be done)。所有的主动词，不论是及物动词，还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词，还是状态动词，都有动词不定式形式。助动词除了be和have外，均没有不定式形式。
(4)状语主要有目的状语、原因状语、时间状语、地点状语、让步状语等。目的状语的作用是“为了达到某种目的而去做某事”，它体现了动作的特定目的和动机。动词不定式作状语时，通常用作目的状语。
He stopped working to have a good rest. 他停下工作是为了好好休息一下。
He came to give us a talk yesterday.
他昨天来给我们做了一个报告。
(5)动词不定式作目的状语时，主要有以下三个特点：
①句意上：
中文通常将其译成“为了”；有时即使没有直接译成“为了”，但也包含了“目的是”“目的是为了”。
To save class time, our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework.
为了节约课堂时间，我们的老师要求学生在课堂上做一半练习，剩下的一半作为家庭作业完成。
②结构上：
不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置，一是在句首，二是在句末。一般来说，用于句首属于强调性用法，即强调动词的目的。
To illustrate my point, I have done a comparative analysis.
为说明我的观点，我做了对比分析。
I have done a comparative analysis to illustrate my point.
我做了对比分析来说明我的观点。
有时为了特别强调目的状语，可以在不定式之前加上in order或so as，即构成in order to do sth或so as to do sth结构。
③语法上：
从语法上看，不定式表示目的通常是指发生在谓语动作之后，也就是说，若以谓语动作发生的时间为标准，用作目的状语的不定式是一个尚未发生的将来的动作。
He turned his head around to look at people.
他扭头看人。
“扭头”的目的是为了“看人”。很显然，谓语动作“扭头”在先，目的状语“看人”在后。若以“扭头”发生的时间为标准，则“看人”为尚未发生的将来的动作。
[针对练习]
完成句子
(1)Take a notebook with you ____________ what you see.
带上笔记本记下你所看到的。
(2)I’ll write down his telephone number so as __________．
我要把他的电话号码写下来，以免忘记。
【答案】
(1)to write down
(2)not to forget it
(3)Many farmers fertilise their crops __________________．
许多农民给庄稼施肥，为的是让庄稼长得更快些。
(4)She reads China Daily every day __________________．
为了提高英语，她每天都读《中国日报》。
【答案】
(3)(in order) to make them grow more quickly
(4)in order to (so as to) improve her English
翻译句子
(5)为了赶火车，她正飞快地跑着。
________________________________________________
(6)为了及时赶到那里，他们很早就出发了。
________________________________________________
【答案】
(5)She is running quickly in order to catch the train.
(6)They started early in order to get there in time.
(7)他昨天留在家里是为了完成家庭作业。
________________________________________________
(8)为了掌握一门外语，他不得不努力学习。
________________________________________________
【答案】
(7)He stayed at home to finish his homework yesterday.
(8)To master a foreign language, he must work hard at it.
课后进阶专练
基础练
(建议用时：10分钟)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．All the students in my class are full of ________(活力) and in high spirits.
2．Mr Li has received driving training and passed driving test, so he is ________(合格的) for driving.
3．Mr Brown has already got ________(登上) the flight and is about to fly to Berlin.
【答案】1.vigour　2.qualified　3.aboard
4．Every week, the teacher ________(布置) reading tasks to her students.
5．When she told her friends about her success in the competition, they all ________(羡慕) her.
6．Their ship knocked into a huge iceberg and soon ________ (沉没) to the bottom of the sea.
7．They had to ________(舍弃) their broken motor and walked home with difficulty.
【答案】4.assigns　5.envied　6.sank　7.abandon
8．She works hard and tries what she can to live a ________ (体面的) life.
9．Don’t be so ________(自私的) as to eat everything you like on the table.
10．Only those with strong ________(毅力) can reach their goal in the end.
【答案】8.decent　9.selfish　10.perseverance
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I don’t know much about it, so I don’t feel __________ (qualify) to comment.
2．Today, I am just as enthusiastic ________ my job as the day I first started.
3．The teacher assigned a different task ________ each of the children.
【答案】1.qualified　2.about　3.to
4．As far as I know, he used to abandon himself to _________ (drink) a lot every day.
5．Struggling for our dreams, as the principal addressed at the graduation ceremony, offers us a sense of ________(belong).
6．Born in a rich family, Miss Lin has resolved on ________ (go) abroad to study.
【答案】4.drinking　5.belonging　6.going　
7．It so happened ________ she was out when we called at her home that day.
8．It was ________ fine a day that we all went out playing in the park.
【答案】7.that　8.so
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．______________________ the letter hadn’t got posted.
碰巧那封信还没有被寄走。
2．The little girl was ______________________ when she saw her younger sister.
小女孩看到妹妹时激动得说不出话来。
【答案】1.It happened that　2.too excited to speak
3．With time running out，the rescuers ________________ to save the girl.
时间快用完了，救援人员决定破门而入去救那个女孩。
4．_______________ they broke into thunderous applause.
同学们如此激动以至于爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。(so…that…；倒装句)
【答案】
3．resolved to break in
4．So excited were the students that
5．________________________________________ which is beautifully decorated.
这家饭店隔壁还有多栋大楼和另一家装修华丽的大酒店。(完全倒装句)
【答案】
5．Next to this restaurant stand many buildings and another grand hotel
提升练
(建议用时：20分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Located among the forests where eagles fly overhead, Jabal Sawda has long been one of Saudi Arabia’s best places for mountaineers.At 2,999 m, Jabal Sawda had been considered the kingdom’s highest peak until twin mountaineers, Matthew and Eric Gilbertson, climbed it in 2018, finding it to be about three metres shy of Jabal Ferwa.
For more than a decade, the twins have travelled to one country after another around the world, rewriting the mountain record books about places across the Middle East and West Africa. So far they have reached the peaks of more than 100 countries and newly identified the highest points in Togo, Guinea-Bissau and Ivory Coast.
Matthew, a research scientist at Lockheed Martin in Palo Alto, California, and Eric, an instructor in mechanical engineering at Seattle University, said their work was encouraged by a love for mountaineering. “If we’re going to go through all the effort to visit a country and visit the highest mountain, we want to be sure that we have indeed visited the highest mountain，” Matthew said. “We consider it assistance to future mountaineers to have an accurate survey done so that they can focus their efforts on getting to whichever peak they want to get to.”
The twins’ love of mountaineering began when they were children with family trips to the Great Smoky Mountains in the southeastern United States. When they were students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT), they started climbing as many mountains as possible. In 2012, after achieving their goal of reaching the highest point of each US state, they turned their attention to the rest of the world.
1．What can we learn about Jabal Sawda
A．It’s Saudi Arabia’s best scenic spot.
B．It’s lower than Jabal Ferwa.
C．It’s Saudi Arabia’s highest peak.
D．It’s better-known than Jabal Ferwa.
2．Why have the twins travelled to different countries in the past decade
A．To write books about mountains.
B．To rename the peaks of mountains.
C．To confirm the highest mountains.
D．To challenge other mountaineers.
3．What do Matthew’s words concerning their work imply in Paragraph 3
A．It satisfies their curiosity.
B．It strengthens their motivation.
C．It attracts more mountaineers.
D．It guarantees informed choices.
4．Which of the following best describes the twins
A．Ambitious and patient.
B．Determined and adventurous.
C．Intelligent and unselfish.
D．Peace-loving and eco-friendly.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了双胞胎兄弟Matthew和Eric Gilbertson已经攀登了100多个国家的最高峰并且还要继续攀登下去的故事。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“…Matthew and Eric Gilbertson, climbed it in 2018, finding it to be about three metres shy of Jabal Ferwa.”可知，Jabal Sawda比Jabal Ferwa低大约3米。故选B项。
2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“rewriting the mountain record books about places across the Middle East and West Africa.So far they have reached the peaks of more than 100 countries”可知，他们在过去的十年去不同的国家庭旅游的目的是要确认最高的山峰。故选C项。
3．B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“their work was encouraged by a love for mountaineering”可知，Matthew他们所做的工作加强了他们的动力。故选B项。
4．B　推理判断题。本文介绍的双胞胎兄弟已经攀登了100多个国家的最高峰，并且还要继续攀登下去。由此可推知，这对双胞胎有决心且有冒险精神。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
A 23-year-old woman has achieved an unbelievable feat that many of us dream of —visiting every country on Earth.
Lexie Alford was born into a family of travel agents, which gave her the opportunity to __1__ places such as Cambodia, Dubai and Egypt during her childhood, according to Forbes magazine. She began saving up at age 12 to __2__ her goal of visiting all countries. By her 18th birthday, she had travelled to 72 nations.
In October, 2016, she realised she could see the __3__ nations on her list in time to set an official record. Many people __4__ her travel on social media platform Instagram, so she decided to chase the world record partly to __5__ others. “Honestly, at the beginning, I __6__ wanted to push the __7__ of what I thought I could do with my life and see as much of the world as possible in the __8__，” she told Forbes. “It wasn’t until things started getting really __9__ that I realised I was inspiring people around me, especially the __10__．”
“I also loved visiting Northern Pakistan, for the natural beauty of the mountains and kindness of the locals were astonishing，” Lexie Alford said. “The most pleasant surprise about travelling to all these misunderstood areas of the world was that the countries that I had the __11__ expectation for __12__ being the most incredible.”
“My __13__ for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do. If you want to travel, you have to __14__ sacrifices to travel around the world. And it’s only a matter of __15__ until you can make it a reality.”
1．A．remark B．settle
C．tour D．love
2．A．quit B．fund
C．switch D．register
3．A．powerful B．ideal
C．developed D．remaining
4．A．followed B．modified
C．ranked D．criticised
5．A．understand B．grill
C．inspire D．accompany
6．A．occasionally B．temporarily
C．completely D．simply
7．A．button B．dream
C．family D．observation
8．A．process B．agency
C．platform D．country
9．A．dull B．official
C．natural D．challenging
10．A．adult B．bosses
C．youth D．agents
11．A．most B．least
C．greatest D．worst
12．A．ended up B．showed off
C．started with D．searched for
13．A．warn B．compromise
C．belief D．advice
14．A．make B．appreciate
C．worsen D．save
15．A．honour B．time
C．career D．assessment
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一名23岁的女子Lexie Alford完成了一件令人难以置信的事情——访问地球上的每个国家。她的事迹激励着无数年轻人。
1．C　考查动词辨析。根据上文“was born into a family of travel agents”和下文“places such as Cambodia, Dubai and Egypt”可知，Lexie Alford是跟着自家的旅行社到这些国家旅行。故选C项。
2．B　考查动词辨析。根据“She began saving up at age 12 to __2__ her goal of visiting all countries.”可知，她存钱是为了资助自己的环球旅行。故选B项。
3．D　考查形容词辨析。根据上文“By her 18th birthday, she had travelled to 72 nations.”可知，她还要去看剩余的、没有去过的国家。故选D项。
4．A　考查动词辨析。根据下文“on social media platform Instagram”可知，许多人在社交平台Instagram上关注她的旅行。故选A项。
5．C　考查动词辨析。根据上文“Many people __4__ her travel on social media platform Instagram”和下文“It wasn’t until things started getting really __9__ that I realised I was inspiring people around me”可推知，她在社区平台上有了众多追随者，这让她认识到自己的影响力，进而想要去给他人以激励。故选C项。
6．D　考查副词辨析。根据时间状语“at the beginning”和上下文语境可知，最开始她仅仅是想追求自己的梦想，没想过要去创造世界纪录。故选D项。
7．B　考查名词辨析。根据下文“what I thought I could do with my life and see as much of the world as possible”可推知，一生去追求的东西是梦想。故选B项。
8．A　考查名词辨析。根据上文“see as much of the world as possible”可知，是在追求游览每一个国家的梦想这个过程中，尽可能多看看这个世界。故选A项。
9．D　考查形容词辨析。根据下文“I realised I was inspiring people around me”可知，Lexie Alford所从事的事情具有挑战性、有意义的。故选D项。
10．C　考查名词辨析。根据下文“My __13__ for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind to do.”可知，Lexie Alford环游世界这件事情正激励着身边的人，尤其是年轻人。故选C项。
11．B　考查形容词辨析。根据上文“all these misunderstood areas of the world”可知，原本对这些国家没什么期待，所以期待是最少的。故选B项。]
12．A　考查动词短语辨析。根据上文可知，Lexie Alford最开始不带着任何期待游览的国家，但最终发现他们最不可思议，形成上下文对比；end up“最终”，符合语境。故选A项。
13．D　考查名词辨析。根据下文“you can do anything you set your mind to do”，这是给他人的建议或忠告。故选D项。
14．A　考查动词辨析。根据下文“to travel around the world”可知，如果你想旅行，你就必须要为环游世界做出牺牲。固定短语make sacrifice，意为“做出牺牲”，符合语境。故选A项。
15．B　考查名词辨析。it指代上文的“环游世界”，结合上文内容和常识，她认为完成环游世界的目标只是一个时间问题。故选B项。(共88张PPT)
UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Period Three　Using Language
课前自主预习
A．汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
B．忠诚的；忠实的
C．发动机；马达；有引擎的；机动车的
D．候选人；应试者
E．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
Ⅰ.猜词意
1．She got in and started the motor.(　　)
2．It was a rough mountain road, full of stones and huge holes.(　　)
3．I only keep frequent contact with a few very close and loyal friends here.(　　)
4．One of the funniest episodes in the book occurs in Chapter 6.(　　)
5．Voters like a candidate who has the common touch.(　　)
【答案】1－5　CABED
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写
1．navigate v．导航→__________ n．领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者(参考：educate→educator)
2．motivation n．动机；积极性；诱因→________n．动机；原因；目的
3．commit v．做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；自杀；承诺→__________ n．承诺；保证；奉献
(参考：move→movement )
【答案】1.navigator　2.motive　3.commitment
Ⅲ.猜短语填空
ahead of, cheer sb up, give off
1．The wood produced a sweet, perfumed smell as it burnt.
＝The wood _________ a sweet, perfumed smell as it burnt.
2．He could see that the road in front of him was clear.
＝He could see that the road ____________ him was clear.
3．She went shopping to enjoy herself.
＝She went shopping to __________________________．
【答案】1.gave off　2.ahead of　3.cheer herself up
课文语篇研读
Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
(　　)1.The moment Shackleton left Elephant Island, the team members felt ________.
A．confident B．proud
C．uncertain D．frightened
【答案】C
(　　)2.The author gives some examples to ________．
A．show their difficult life on the island
B．tell us how they failed to live on
C．show us how they made fire on the island
D．inform us that they lacked fruit
【答案】A
(　　)3.Why did the team members stay indoors all day long
A．To save their energy from running out.
B．To protect themselves from cold weather.
C．To protect themselves from wild animals.
D．To keep their normal body temperature.
【答案】D
(　　)4.When rescue finally arrived, all the team members felt ________.
A．proud and brave
B．relieved and joyful
C．worried and sorry
D．interested and amused
【答案】B
(　　)5.Through this text, the author tries to tell us to ________．
A．be optimistic and faithful
B．build up our health
C．strengthen our skills in life
D．believe in a company
【答案】A
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
We watched as Shackleton and the boat 1.________(sail) away from Elephant Island.It was easy 2.________(imagine) the danger ahead of them.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us 3.________.
【答案】1.sailed　2.to imagine　3.up
Staying alive was not easy.The island had no water.We could only melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it.There were no trees 4.________(grow) on Antarctica and no oil，so the only fuel we could use was animal fat.We had to be careful not to go outside too often，as the changing temperatures could make us ill.Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat 5.________ we burnt for our fires.
【答案】4．growing　5.that/which　
We lived like this in the cold for four months.Our discipline and team spirit kept us 6.________(optimism) and helped us deal with our fears in 7.________ positive and successful way.When we 8.________(rescue), we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.9.________(final)，he paid us back by his 10.________(commit) to save us from a slow but painful death.
【答案】6.optimistic　7.a　8.were rescued　9.Finally
mitment
课堂新知讲练
1．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献
(P45)And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.
【翻译】他回报了我们，承诺要把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救出来。
◇词汇拓讲
(1)make a commitment (to do sth) 做出承诺(做某事)
(2)commit vt. 犯罪；做错事；保证；承诺
commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀
commit oneself to (doing) sth 专心致志于/承诺/保证(做)某事
(3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；尽责的；效忠的；坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth＝commit oneself to (doing) sth
承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事
【用法详解】
As your loyal reader，I need to commit an hour reading books every day.
作为你的忠实读者，我要每天抽出一小时来读书。
This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment.
这很重要，因为它直接关系到你的承诺。
You must be committed to the role to play it well.
您必须全力以赴地扮演好相关的角色。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)He was a good man who was ________ (commit) to his family as well as to his work.
(2)If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a ____________(commit).
【答案】(1)committed　(2)commitment
完成句子
(3)The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you __________________________ it.
一旦你全身心投入，你目标的实现就可以得到保证。
【答案】(3)are committed to/commit yourself to
2．motive n.动机；原因；目的
(P45)What were the motives for their actions
【翻译】他们行动的动机是什么？
(1)motive for sth 某事的动机/目的
(2)motivate vt. 激励；成为……的动机
motivate…to do… 激励……去做……
(3)motiveless adj. 无动机的
(4)motivated adj. 有动机的；有目的的
(5)motivation n. 动力；动机；激励
【用法详解】
His perseverance motivated me to perform better and determine to win the race.
他不屈不挠的精神激励我做得更好，并决心赢得比赛。
Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
除非你能睡得好，否则一两个晚上后，你将失去集中注意力、计划和保持动力的能力。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)If you haven’t already checked it out, it’s time to get ________(motivate).
(2)One ________(motivate) in imposing the new rule is to enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility.
【答案】(1)motivated　(2)motive
完成句子
(3)Sometimes this will make us withdraw, but it can also _________________________ our attention or change our learning strategy.
有时这会使我们退缩，但它也可以激励我们转移注意力或改变我们的学习策略。
【答案】(3)motivate us to shift
3．fall into 养成；染上；陷入
(P44)Life fell into a regular pattern.
【翻译】生活逐渐形成了一种有规律的模式。
fall into the habit of… 养成……的习惯
fall out (牙齿或头发)脱落；争吵；闹翻
fall behind落后
fall down倒塌
fall over… 被……绊倒
fall on/upon突然降临
【用法详解】
It’s a trap too many people fall into.
太多人都掉进了这个陷阱里。
The little dog fell into water and had to be pulled out at once.
这条小狗掉入了水中，必须马上拉上来。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)My dad’s hair fell________ when he was only 40.
(2)The house looks as if it is about to fall________．
(3)I rushed to the door and fell________ the ball.
【答案】(1)out　(2)down　(3)over
4．make fire生火
(P44)But how could we make fire
【翻译】可是，我们怎样生火呢？
be on fire在燃烧；非常成功
under fire受到攻击
catch fire着火
light a fire点火
put out a fire灭火
play with fire玩火；冒险
set fire to sth＝set sth on fire 放火烧某物
【用法详解】
The grass caught fire, and it was on fire for a short time.
草燃着了，并且烧了一会儿。
The forest guards often find camp fires that have not been put out completely.
守林人经常发现没有被完全扑灭的营火。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)If you are about to approach a bad-tempered man，your mother might tell you “not to play ________ fire”．
(2)The cupboard suddenly ________(catch) fire ten minutes ago.
【答案】(1)with　(2)caught
一句多译
(3)我试图用火柴点燃木头，但是白费力气。
I attempted to ____________________ with a match，but in vain.(set fire to sth)
→I attempted to __________________________ with a match，but in vain.(set sth on fire)
【答案】(3)set fire to the wood; set the wood on fire
5．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)
(P44)This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.
【翻译】它冒出油乎乎的黑烟，但即使在强风中它也能继续燃烧。
give away赠送；分发；颁发；泄露
give back归还；送回；使恢复
give in屈服；让步
give out分发；耗尽；发出
give up放弃
【用法详解】
Finally, I had to give in.
最后，我只好让步了。
Do not give away my secret.
不要泄露我的秘密。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)She was not going to give ________ her hard-won freedom so easily.
(2)Those flowers look pretty but don’t give _______ a nice smell.
(3)No matter how they frighten us, we will never give _______．
【答案】(1)up　(2)off　(3)in
完成句子
(4)To create an eco-friendly campus，the Student Association appeals to Senior Three students to _______________．
为了创建一个环保校园，学生会呼吁高三的学生把他们用过的书捐赠出去。
【答案】(4)give away their used books
6．be bored with… 对……厌倦的
(P44)One of our group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures.”
【翻译】团队中有个成员叫莱昂内尔·格林斯特里特，他在日记里提到对这些食物有多么厌倦：“现在的食物基本都是海洋动物。”
(1)bore vt.使厌烦；使讨厌
bore sb with sth 用某事使某人厌烦
(2)bored adj.厌烦的；厌倦的
be bored with sth/be tired of sth/be fed up with sth 对某事感到厌烦
(3)boring adj.无聊的；令人厌烦的
(4)boredom n．无聊；厌倦
【用法详解】
We were bored to death by his dull conversation yesterday.
他昨天无聊的谈话把我们烦死了。
I am bored with the same breakfast every morning.
我厌倦了每天早上都吃同样的早餐。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)Another 15 minutes passed and I grew __________(bore).
(2)According to a study, __________(bored) may be good for our health.
(3)Since his regular job was__________(bore), I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time.
【答案】(1)bored　(2)boredom　(3)boring
一句多译
(4)杰克厌倦了听同样的音乐。
①_______________________________ (be bored with)
②_______________________________ (be tired of)
③_______________________________ (be fed up with)
【答案】(4)①Jack is bored with listening to the same music.
②Jack is tired of listening to the same music.
③Jack is fed up with listening to the same music.
1．(P44)If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve.
【翻译】如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。
【句式剖析】
if it were not for后接名词或代词，意为“要是没有……；要不是……”，它用来表示目前或将来情况的虚拟语气。
◇句式解读
【归纳拓展】
if条件句中的虚拟语气主要有三种情形：
虚拟情况 虚拟条件句 主句 从句
与现在事实相反 主语＋should/would/could/might＋do if＋主语＋过去式(be用were)
与过去事实相反 主语＋should/would/could/might＋have done if＋主语＋had＋过去分词
与将来事实可能相反 主语＋should/would/could/might＋do if＋主语＋should/were to＋do
If it weren’t for the Internet, our life would be much different.
如果没有互联网，我们的生活将会大不相同。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)If there________(be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
(2)If I ________(have) enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all.
【答案】(1)were　(2)had
(3)Had Mr Dewey been present, he ________________(offer) any possible assistance to the people there.
(4)If I________(be) to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.
【答案】(3)would have offered　(4)were
2．(P45)When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.
【翻译】当我们终于获救时，我们感到如释重负和喜悦，很多人都无法掩饰自己的眼泪。
【句式剖析】
在本句中，such…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，that后面接的是表示结果的状语从句。
【归纳拓展】
such…that…从句结构中，such后面跟的中心词为名词；其结构主要有下面三种：
It is such good weather that we all want to go out to play.
天气这么好，我们都想出去玩。
He is such an excellent student that every teacher likes him.
他是一个如此优秀的学生以至于每个老师都喜欢他。
[针对练习]
单句语法填空
(1)It is ________ cold weather that many people stayed home during the day.
(2)Li Lei is ________ clever boy that many people like him.
(3)They have never seen ________ beautiful flowers that they couldn’t help taking photos here and there.
(4)It is such a hot day ________ many people go swimming in the river.
【答案】(1)such　(2)such a　(3)such　(4)that
课后进阶专练
基础练
(建议用时：10分钟)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．What about ________(take) a walk after supper
2．Our English teacher has strange ways to make his lessons ________(live) and interesting.
3．________(stay) alive was the most important task for us to do in those days.
【答案】1.taking　2.lively　3.Staying
4．If it ________(be) not for his help, I wouldn’t pass the driving test.
5．Look, the house is ________ fire. Let’s go and help to put it out!
6．She tried what she could ________(improve) her English.
7．She is ________ a clever girl that she can find solutions to any difficult problems.
【答案】4.were　5.on　6.to improve　7.such
8．I think you can think it over and work out this problem ________ another way.
9．Our team leader is quite ________________(optimism) about this match.
10．The president is quite pleased with your ______________ (commit) to your work.
【答案】8.in　9.optimistic　mitment
Ⅱ.短语填空
cheer up, make fire, give off, persevere in, pay back, save sb from…
1．They collected some firewood and____________________ to keep themselves warm.
2．When heated, the coal ______________ heavy smoke, making it difficult for people to breathe.
【答案】1.made fire　2.gives off
3．This new teaching method will ______ the student ______ wasting his time in exercises.
4．She concluded she would __________ the exact amount on Saturday.
【答案】3.save; from　4.pay back
5．She ____________ her idea despite obvious objections raised by friends.
6．His grandfather told the boy a wonderful story to ________ him ________．
【答案】5．persevered in　6.cheer; up
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．I agree with you that we must_______________ them.
我同意你所说的，我们必须极其谨慎，不要把它们混淆了。
2．If __________，we would have no animals and no meat.
假如没有植物，我们也就不会有动物，也就没有肉吃了。
【答案】1．be very careful not to confuse
2．there were no plants
3．He has determined to hold on this job _______________ he might run into.
无论遇到什么困难，他都决心保住这份工作。
4．The temperature here is ______________．
这里的气温高达39摄氏度。
5．________________ this doesn’t work out
如果这个不行怎么办？
【答案】3．whatever/no matter what difficulties
4．as high as 39℃　5.What if
提升练
(建议用时：15分钟)
阅读理解
A
As I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him.His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment—it was the competitors’ home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan’s team was trailing for three quarters of the game.As for me, I had been fired from my job earlier in the day.
During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I am confident about my experience and abilities.This is the same belief as I tried to teach my son.
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan’s team still trailing.I saw the determination on his, as well as his teammates’ faces as they fought back not only to tie with the other team, but then go ahead by three points.Then, a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie the score again.
With the game ended in a tie and a few seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball and with skills and confidence.He proceeded to make a basket with a defender hanging all over him.The defender was warned for a foul(犯规).
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would make his team three points ahead, I saw the determination on his face.His team managed to stop the other team from scoring, winning the game and moving on to the finals.
As I sat there, my heart burst with pride.I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson.That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court.He will play in the finals, and it doesn’t matter if he wins or loses.At this moment, we both won.
1．What does the underlined word “trailing” in the first paragraph probably mean
A．Losing. B．Falling behind.
C．Being defeated. D．Winning.
2．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The writer’s son would win in the finals and the writer would find a job soon.
B．The writer had once taught her son face to face that they should never give up.
C．It was the writer’s encouragement and help that made her son win the game.
D．The writer would become more confident about her future after this experience.
3．We can learn from the text that ________．
A．the writer lost her job for lack of experience and abilities
B．Nathan’s team won a narrow victory in the basketball game
C．the writer was proud of Nathan because he won the game in the finals
D．Nathan had never doubted himself whenever he was in trouble
4．What is the best title for the text
A．An Inspiring Game
B．A Moment of Self-doubt
C．A Lesson from My Son
D．An Unforgettable Experience
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在观看儿子篮球比赛过程中，看到儿子所在的球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业正处于沮丧不自信中的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了生活的斗志。
1．B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子“…Nathan’s team was trailing for three quarters of the game.”以及上文中的“he was playing in a hostile environment”可知，作者的儿子所在的队正面临困境，比赛有四分之三的时间处于trailing。由此可推知，画线词trailing的意思是“落后”，与B项意义一致。故选B项。
2．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court.”可知，作者的儿子在比赛过程中面对困境依然坚持不懈的态度和行为使得作者也不再怀疑自我，对于未来更加充满了自信。故选D项。
3．B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“With the game ended in a tie and a few seconds on the clock, Nathan…with skills and confidence.”可知，时间还剩几秒时比赛打成平局，而第四段中的“His team…winning the game and moving on to the finals.”提到作者的儿子所在的队赢得比赛。因此可推测，作者的儿子所在的队在比赛最后以微弱的优势获得了胜利。故选B项。
4．C　标题推测题。通读全文内容尤其最后一段可知，作者因为被解雇而心情沮丧，从而怀疑自我。但观看儿子比赛后，作者改变了态度。由此可知，C项“我儿子教给我的一节课”最适合作标题。故选C项。
B
Three years ago, two high-school classmates each composed a mathematical wonder—a trigonometric proof of the Pythagorean theorem(毕达哥拉斯定理的三角证明). Last year, at age 19, they’ve reported finding 10 more proofs of it.
For 2,000 years, such proofs were considered impossible. But that didn’t discourage Ne’ Kiya Jackson and Calcea Johnson, who published their new proofs on October 28,2024 in American Mathematical Monthly, showing “you can make a splash(引人注目) even as a high-school student”. The teens tackled Pythagoras’ theorem. In 1927, mathematician Elisha Loomis claimed that it could never be proved using trigonometry.
But in 2009 mathematician Jason Zimba announced the first trig-based proof of Pythagoras’ theorem. The second came six years later from mathematician Nuno Luzia. These were the only two until 2022, when Jackson and Johnson presented their first proofs, both seniors at St. Mary’s Academy.
“This proved to be the most challenging task of all，” they noted in their paper. They had to write up their work and learn new skills, like coding. “But working on the early proof inspired the creative process，” Jackson says. Jackson and Johnson only published five proofs and decided to leave another five proofs “for interested readers to discover”，they wrote in the paper.
Publishing the proofs was a big achievement. But that doesn’t mean the story is over. “Now, other people might take the paper and generalise those proofs, or generalise their ideas，” mathematician Lozano-Robledo says. “It just opens up lots of mathematical conversations.”
Jackson hopes the proofs will inspire other students to “see that difficulties are part of the process. Sticking with it, you might find yourself achieving more than you thought possible.”
5．Why are some mathematicians mentioned in the text
A．To reveal the pressure they put on the two girls.
B．To explain their proofs of Pythagoras theorem.
C．To prove the greatness of the two girls’ achievements.
D．To stress the difference of their views of the theorem.
6．What will be the result of publishing the proofs according to Lozano-Robledo
A．The proofs will be promoted.
B．It will lead to more conflicts.
C．It will shock senior mathematicians.
D．Pythagoras’ theorem will be corrected.
7．What does Jackson wish for
A．Discovery of another five proofs.
B．Students’ perseverance facing difficulties.
C．Students’ great interest in mathematics.
D．Proper use of trigonometry in daily life.
8．What message can we get from the passage
A．Well begun is half done.
B．It is never too old to learn.
C．Age is just a number, not a state of mind.
D．A small star can also shine in the darkness.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了两位高中生克服困难，在19岁时发表10个毕达哥拉斯定理的三角证明，获数学界认可，证明小人物也能闪耀。
5．C　推理判断题。根据第三段“But in 2009 mathematician Jason Zimba…These were the only two until 2022, when Jackson and Johnson presented their first proofs, both seniors at St.Mary’ s Academy.”可知，提到一些数学家是为了证明这两个女孩成就的伟大。故选C项。
6．A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“’Now, other people might take the paper and generalise those proofs, or generalise their ideas，’ mathematician Lozano-Robledo says.’It just opens up lots of mathematical conversations.’”可知，根据Lozano-Robledo所说，发表这些证明会促进这些证明的推广。故选A项。
7．B　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Jackson hopes the proofs will inspire other students to ’see that difficulties are part of the process.Sticking with it, you might find yourself achieving more than you thought possible’．”可知，杰克逊希望学生们面对困难时能坚持下去。故选B项。
8．D　推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了两位高中生在19岁时发表了10个毕达哥拉斯定理的三角证明，在数学界取得重大成就，传递出来的信息是小人物也能大放异彩。故选D项。