(共76张PPT)
基础模块2
Unit 3 Internship
单元导读
本单元主要考查实习方面的重点词汇、重点短语的区别及用法、熟练掌握重点句 型的结构及用途,熟练掌握过去进行时的定义、构成及功能,能够运用阅读技巧 快速从关于实习的文本中提取正确信息,解决实际中的问题。其中重点词汇的用 法及辨析,过去进行时的构成及用法是对口升学考试中的高频考点。
知识精讲
精 讲 一 词 汇
1. agreement n.协议,同意
【课文再现】
I just signed my three-party agreement with our school and my trainer...我刚刚和 我们的学校及实习方签订了三方协议……
【归纳拓展】
(1)agree v.同意。agreement n.协议,合同,协定,契约。agreement的常用短 语为make/reach an agreement达成协议。
(2)agree with有两个含义:①表示“同意”,后接某人或表示意见、看法的 词;②表示“适宜于,与……保持一致”。如:
He agrees with me.他同意我的意见。
That hot climate doesn’t agree with me.我不适应那里炎热的气候。
(3)agree to意为“同意,接受”,后接表示事物的名词(提议、办法、计划 等)。如:
He didn’t agree to the plan.他不同意这个计划。
(4)agree on意为“对……取得一致意见”,后接表示具体协议的文件、计划、 行动的词(主语通常是协商同一件事的人或单位),表示双方商定。如:
The deal fell apart when we failed to agree on a price.我们在价格上未能达成一致意 见,交易告吹了。
【典型例题】
After two hours of discussion,the two companies finally reached a(n) on the cooperation project.
A. agreement B. decision
C. suggestion D. opinion
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:经过两小时的讨论,两家公司最终就合作项目达成了协议。 agreement协议,同意;decision决定;suggestion建议;opinion观点。reach an agreement意为“达成协议”,是固定搭配。
【现学现练】
(1)According to the made by the school and parents,students are not allowed to leave the campus during school hours without permission.
A. explanation B. agreement
C. introduction D. information
【解析】句意:根据学校和家长达成的协定,学生在校期间未经允许不得离 开校园。explanation解释;agreement协议,约定;introduction介绍; information信息。
(2)Do you agree the fact that regular exercise is good for people’s physical health?
A. with B. to C. on D. from
B
A
【解析】句意:你认同定期锻炼对人们的身体健康有益这一事实吗?agree on侧 重表示(多方或双方)就某事达成一致;agree with后常接人或某个观点/事实; agree to后常接提议、计划等;agree from为错误搭配。
2. challenge n.挑战
【课文再现】
It was a challenge at the beginning.最初它(对我来说)是一项挑战。
【归纳拓展】
(1)challenge v.向……(某人)挑战 n.挑战,质疑。challenging adj.富有挑战 性的。如:
Life is full of challenges.生活充满了挑战。
School is the most challenging place for young people.对年轻人来说,学校是最富有 挑战性的地方。
(2)challenge sb.to sth.向某人挑战某事;challenge sb.to do sth.激励某人做某 事,向某人挑战做某事。如:
He challenged me to play chess.他向我挑战下国际象棋。
【典型例题】
Climbing to the top of the mountain in such bad weather will be a great for all the climbers.
A. pleasure B. surprise
C. comfort D. challenge
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:在如此恶劣的天气里攀登至山顶,对所有登山者来说都是一个 巨大的挑战。pleasure乐事;surprise惊喜;comfort安慰;challenge挑战。
【现学现练】
(1)You can rely on him to response to the .
A. hobbies B. challenges
C. interests D. advantages
【解析】句意:你可以信赖他,他懂得应对挑战。hobbies爱好;challenges挑 战;interests兴趣;advantages优势。
(2)It is for adults to balance their work and family.
A. challenged B. challenger
C. challenging D. challenge
【解析】句意:对成年人来说,平衡工作和家庭是很有挑战性的。challenged受 到挑战的,有障碍的;challenger挑战者;challenging有挑战性的;challenge挑 战(名词/动词)。
B
C
3. insurance n.保险
【课文再现】
I will also check my insurance.我也会检查我的保险。
【归纳拓展】
(1)与insurance相关的词性变化。
insure v.为……投保;给……保险,承保。insurance n.保险,保险费,保险契 约。insured adj.已投保的。the insured受保人。insurer n.承保人;保险公司。 insurable adj.可保险的,适合保险的。如:
So many people lose things and haven’t got insurance.Make sure you insure it.很多人 丢了东西又没有保险。请确保你为它投保了。
(2)与insurance相关的常见短语。
insure against给……投保,防止……;insurance company 保险公司;medical insurance医疗保险;health insurance 健康保险。如:
Medical insurance is very pricey.医疗保险很昂贵。
【典型例题】
In this country,all citizens are required to their health to get basic medical treatment.
A. insure B. insured C. insurance D. insurer
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:在这个国家,所有公民都必须为自己的健康投保,以便获得基 本的医疗服务。insure意为“给……投保”,是动词;insured意为“已投保 的”,是形容词;insurance意为“保险”,是名词;insurer意为“保险公 司”,是名词。
【现学现练】
(1)It is a basic rule that drivers must their cars before using them on public roads.
A. guarantee B. avoid C. insure D. agree
【解析】句意:驾驶员在公共道路上驾驶车辆前必须给车辆投保,这是一条基本 规则。guarantee保证;avoid避免;insure给……投保;agree同意。
(2)The company provides free health for all its employees.
A. insure B. insured C. insurance D. insurer
【解析】句意:这家公司为其所有员工提供免费的健康保险。insure意为 “给……投保”,是动词;insured意为“已投保的”,是形容词;insurance意 为“保险”,是名词;insurer意为“保险公司”,是名词。
C
C
4. internship n.实习生的职位;实习期
【课文再现】
How is it going with your internship?你的实习进展如何?
【归纳拓展】
intern v.拘留,扣押 n.实习生;实习医生。internal adj.内部的;内在的;国内 的。internment n.拘留;收容。interne n.实习医生(同intern)。如:
Trust me.I’m an intern.相信我,我是一名实习生。
She is a college student and in her internship now.她是一名大学生,现在正 在实习。
【典型例题】
Our company offers a mentor(导师) to each to guide them through daily work and help with their professional development.
A. intern B. internship C. visitor D. guest
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:我们公司为每名实习生配备一名导师,指导他们处理日常工作 并助力其职业发展。intern实习生;internship实习岗位,实习期;visitor参观 者,游客;guest客人。
【现学现练】
(1)As a(n) ,she is eager to learn from her colleagues and improve her professional skills.
A. intern B. expert C. leader D. manager
【解析】句意:作为一名实习生,她渴望向其同事学习并提升其专业技能。 intern实习生;expert专家;leader领导者;manager经理。
(2)During his ,he learned how to communicate with clients and solve problems independently.
A. invention B. internship
C. information D. introduction
A
B
【解析】句意:在实习期间,他学会了如何与客户沟通及独立解决问题。 invention发明;internship实习岗位,实习期;information信息; introduction介绍。
5. instruction n.指导,指示
【课文再现】
Performance report and long-term instruction service will also help the students even after the training program.表现报告和长期指导服务也将在训练项目结束后继续帮 助学生。
【归纳拓展】
instruct v.指导,指示。instruction n.用法说明;指令,指示;教导;教 学。instructor n.教练,导师;指导者;指导书。instructress n.女教员;女 指导。instructional adj.教学的;指导的;教育的。instructive adj.有益 的;教育性的。如:
My mom instructs me how to play tennis.我妈妈教我怎么打网球。
This technique brings life to instruction.这项技术给教导带来活力。
【典型例题】
If you are not sure how to fill in this form,please ask the bank clerk to you.
A. admire B. instruct C. protect D. support
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:如果你不确定如何填写这份表格,请让银行职员指导你。 admire钦佩;instruct指导(侧重指传授具体的方法步骤);protect保护; support支持。
【现学现练】
(1)Many parents think that the educational program is more than cartoon shows for children’s growth.
A. exciting B. colorful
C. instructive D. relaxing
【解析】句意:很多家长认为,与动画片相比,这个教育节目对孩子的成长更有 教育意义。exciting令人兴奋的;colorful色彩丰富的;instructive有益的,教育 性的;relaxing令人放松的。
C
(2)The manager gave clear on how to handle customer complaints to all the staff in the meeting.
A. instructions B. excuses
C. comments D. permission
【解析】句意:经理在会议上就如何处理客户投诉向全体员工给出了明确指导。 instructions指示,指导;excuses借口;comments评论;permission允许。
A
6. reception n.接待处;服务台
【课文再现】
Well,I welcome guests at the reception...嗯,我在服务台接待客人……
【归纳拓展】
(1)与reception相关的词性变化。
receive v.接到,收到,受到。reception n.接待处;服务台。receptionist n.接待 员。receiver n.听筒,接收器,接受者。如:
The receptionist recognized him at once.那名接待员立刻认出了他。
(2)辨析receive与 accept。
这两个词都有“接到,收到”之意。receive强调客观事实,而accept强调主观意 愿。如:
I didn’t receive the letter from him.我没有收到他的信。
She won’t accept advice from anyone.她不会接受任何人的建议。
【典型例题】
The hotel’s warm made us feel very comfortable during our stay.
A. receive B. reception
C. receptionist D. receiver
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:这家酒店热情的接待让我们在入住期间感到非常舒适。receive 意为“收到”,是动词;reception意为“接待”,是名词;receptionist意为“接 待员”,是名词;receiver意为“接收器,收件人”,是名词。此处指酒店的接 待服务。
【现学现练】
(1)She was surprised to an invitation to the party,but she had to refuse it because of her busy schedule.
A. accept B. receive C. achieve D. take
【解析】句意:她很惊讶收到了参加聚会的邀请,但因为日程繁忙,她不得不拒 绝。accept接受(主观上接受);receive收到(客观上收到);achieve实现; take拿,取。此处强调“客观上收到邀请”的动作,receive符合题意。
(2)If you want to meet the manager,please ask the at the front desk to make an appointment for you.
A. receive B. reception
C. receptionist D. receiver
B
C
【解析】句意:如果你想见经理,请让前台的接待员帮你预约。receive意为“收 到”,是动词;reception意为“接待”,是名词;receptionist意为“接待员”, 是名词;receiver意为“接收器,收件人”,是名词。此处指前台负责接待的工 作人员,receptionist符合题意。
7. trainee n.实习生
【课文再现】
Trainees will succeed in completing real task.实习生将成功完成实际任务。
【归纳拓展】
(1)与trainee相关的词性变化。
train v.培训,锻炼 n.火车。trainer n.教练;训练员;驯兽师。trained adj.训练 过的,受过培训的。trainee n.实习生,受训者,新兵。如:
The train is about to travel through the building.火车将穿楼而过。
He is a 24-year-old trainee reporter.他是一个24岁的实习记者。
(2)与train相关的常用短语。
train of thought思路 put sth.in train 启动……,实施……
【典型例题】
This vocational school aims to students to become skilled workers.
A. award B. train C. improve D. prepare
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:这所职业学校旨在培训学生(使其)成为熟练工人。award授 予;train训练,培训;improve改善;prepare准备。
【现学现练】
(1)As a new ,she needs to attend a two-week training course before starting her daily work.
A. trainer B. trainee
C. interviewer D. interviewee
【解析】句意:作为一名新的实习生,她需要参加为期两周的培训课程才能开始 日常工作。trainer培训师;trainee实习生;interviewer采访者,主持面试者; interviewee受访者,参加面试者。
(2)The fitness will show you how to use the gym equipment correctly to avoid injury.
A. trainee B. trainer C. customer D. cleaner
B
B
【解析】句意:健身教练会教你如何正确使用健身器材,以避免受伤。trainee实 习生;trainer教练;customer顾客;cleaner清洁工。
精 讲 二 短 语
8. keep track of 记录
【课文再现】
The Human Resources Department will keep track of each trainee’s practice.人力资 源部将记录每个实习生的实践。
【归纳拓展】
与track相关的常用短语。
(1)track and field田径;田径赛。如:
African athletes are good at track and field events.非裔运动员擅长田径项目。
(2)track down追捕。
The police have so far failed to track down the attacker.警方至今未能追捕 到攻击者。
(3)back on track重回正轨;改过自新。如:
Is it really back on track?它真的回到正轨了吗?
(4)on the track of追踪,追查,探究。
The police are on the track os the thieves.警方正在追踪窃贼。
【典型例题】
It’s important to track of your expenses if you want to save money.
A. keep B. lose C. make D. take
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:如果你想存钱,记录自己的开支是很重要的。keep保持;lose失 去;make制作;take拿,取。keep track of意为“记录,追踪”,是固定搭配。
【现学现练】
(1)Parents should keep of their kids’ online activities to ensure their online safety.
A. track B. line C. sight D. touch
【解析】句意:父母应该追踪孩子的网络活动,以确保他们的网络安全。track 踪迹;line线条;sight视力;touch触碰。keep track of意为“记录,追踪”,是 固定搭配。
(2)Using this app,you can the parcel’s location until it arrives at your door.
A. keep track of B. pay attention to
C. look forward to D. have access to
A
A
【解析】句意:使用这款应用程序,你可以追踪包裹的位置,直到它到达你家门 口。keep track of记录,追踪;pay attention to注意;look forward to期待;have access to有使用……的机会。
9. go through 仔细检查
【课文再现】
Go through the plan.仔细查看计划。
【归纳拓展】
与go相关的常见短语。
go over复习,温习;仔细查看
go through浏览,翻阅;仔细查看;详细讨论,通过
go in for从事,参加
go on发生;持续
go wrong出毛病;发生故障
【典型例题】
(2026届安徽省中职“江淮十校”第一次学情监测)The country many wounds in the past.
A. got through B. went through
C. looked through D. passed through
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:这个国家过去经历了很多创伤。got through完成,通过(考试 等),接通(电话);went through经历,经受(困难、痛苦等);looked through浏览,仔细查看;passed through经过,穿过。
【现学现练】
(1)Go the text carefully and find out the main idea.
A. over B. out C. on D. by
【解析】句意:仔细通读这篇课文,找出文章主旨。go over复习,通读,仔细 检查;go out出去,熄灭;go on进行,继续;go by经过。此处指通读课文,go over符合题意。
(2)The sports meeting will go as planned unless it rains heavily tomorrow.
A. over B. out C. on D. through
【解析】句意:除非明天下大雨,否则运动会将按计划举行。go over复习,仔 细检查;go out出去,熄灭;go on进行,继续;go through浏览,经历。此处指 运动会按计划进行,go on 符合题意。
A
C
10. hang up 挂断电话
【课文再现】
I have to hang up now.我现在得挂断电话了。
【归纳拓展】
(1)hang v.悬挂,吊。hang译为“吊”时,其过去式和过去分词均为hanged; 译为“悬挂”时,其过去式和过去分词均为hung。
(2)与hang相关的常见短语。
hang on坚持下去;不挂断;握住不放 hang out晾晒;闲逛
hang up挂断电话;使耽搁,中断(常用于被动语态) hang down悬挂
【典型例题】
It’s a tradition to lanterns at the gate during the Spring Festival.
A. hang B. stand C. plant D. throw
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:春节期间在门口挂灯笼是一种传统。hang悬挂;stand站立; plant种植;throw扔。此处指在门口悬挂灯笼,hang符合题意。
【现学现练】
(1)Peter had to the phone because the class begun.
A. show up B. hang up
C. end up D. cheer up
【解析】句意:彼得不得不挂断电话,因为开始上课了。show up出现,露面; hang up挂断电话,挂起(衣服);end up最终成为,结果是;cheer up(使)振 作起来。此处指挂断电话,hang up符合题意。
(2)It’s boring to stay at home all day.Let’s at the park for a while this afternoon.
A. put out B. look out
C. hang out D. take out
B
C
【解析】句意:整天待在家里太无聊了。今天下午我们去公园闲逛一会儿吧。 put out扑灭,熄灭;look out小心,留神;hang out闲逛,逗留;take out取出, 带出。此处指去公园闲逛,hang out符合题意。
11. get along/on with...某事进展……;与……相处……
【课文再现】
Do you get along well with your colleagues?你跟你的同事们相处得好吗?
【归纳拓展】
常见的相关短语。
(1)get on/along with sth.某事进展如何。如:
How are you getting on with your job?你的工作进展如何?
(2)get on/along with sb.与某人相处。如:
He is getting on well with his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很融洽。
(3)get along勉强过活。如:
She got along on her small salary.她靠微薄的薪水勉强过活。
【典型例题】
He gets along well his little brother.
A. in B. with C. at D. of
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:他和他的弟弟相处得很融洽。get on/along well with sb.与某人 相处融洽。
【现学现练】
(1)Many people get along doing part-time jobs.
A. with B. for C. by D. at
【解析】句意:许多人靠做兼职维持生计。get along by意为“靠……勉强过 活”,是固定搭配。
(2)It’s important for us to get on well nature to protect the earth.
A. to B. for C. with D. at
【解析】句意:为了保护地球,我们与自然和谐相处是很重要的。get on well with意为“与……和睦相处”,是固定搭配。
C
C
精 讲 三 句 型
12. Why didn’t Yuchen come for our movie activity?宇辰为什么没来参加我们的电 影活动?
【归纳拓展】
(1)Why don’t/didn’t sb.do sth.?某人为什么不做某事?如:
Why don’t you give up the plan?你为什么不放弃那个计划?
(2)Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事?如:
Why not give up the plan?为什么不放弃那个计划?
【典型例题】
Why ask your teacher for help when you have problems?
A. not B. don’t C. isn’t D. didn’t
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:当你遇到问题时,为什么不向老师求助呢?“Why not do sth.”意为“为什么不做某事”,是固定句型。
【现学现练】
(1)Why don’t you a walk after dinner to relax yourself?
A. take B. took C. taking D. to take
【解析】句意:你为什么不在晚饭后散步以放松一下自己呢?“Why don’t you do sth.”意为“你为什么不做某事”,是固定句型。
(2)Why try this new restaurant? The food there is very delicious.
A. not B. don’t C. won’t D. can’t
【解析】句意:为什么不试试这家新餐厅呢?那里的食物很美味。“Why not do sth.”意为“为什么不做某事”,是固定句型。
A
A
13. My training teacher is coming to check today’s training report.我的实习老师要来 检查今天的实习报告。
【归纳拓展】
常见的一些动词如come,go,arrive,stay,leave,take off 等用进行时表示将来 的含义,主要用于表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。常有“意图”“安排”或 “打算”等含义。如:
OK,I’m coming.好的,我这就来。
【典型例题】
My father for Beijing tomorrow morning.
A. left B. have left
C. is leaving D. would leave
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:我爸爸明天早上动身去北京。表示位移的非延续性动词(短 语)如come,go,arrive,stay,leave,take off等可用现在进行时表示一般将来 时的含义。
【现学现练】
(1)The plane in two hours.We need to go to the airport now.
A. take off B. has taken off
C. is taking off D. took off
【解析】句意:飞机两小时后就要起飞了,我们现在需要去机场。take off 是表 示位移的非延续性动词短语,其现在进行时可表示即将发生的将来动作。
(2)My parents for Shanghai next Monday.
A. is leaving B. are leaving
C. will be leaving D. left
【解析】句意:我父母下周一要动身去上海。leave是表示位移的非延续性动 词,其现在进行时可表示计划好的、即将发生的将来的动作。
C
B
14. They will check job descriptions and procedures with the trainee’s manager and mentor...他们会与实习生的经理和导师核对工作描述和工作程序……
【归纳拓展】
与check相关的常见短语。
(1)check in登记入住;检票登机。如:
You must check in at the airport an hour before your plane leaves.你必须在飞机起飞 前一个小时到机场办理登机手续。
(2)check out 退房,结账离开。
Guests should check out of their room by noon.客人必须在中午以前办理退房手续。
(3)check...with...与……核对……,与……商量……。如:
I think you had better check with the board first.我想你最好先和董事会商量一下。
(4)check off清点;逐一核对。
I’ll check off all the items in the inventory.我将核查清单上的所有项目。
【典型例题】
Please your homework carefully before you hand it in to the teacher.
A. explain B. check C. record D. share
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:在把你的家庭作业交给老师之前,请仔细检查一下。explain解 释;check检查,核对;record记录;share分享。此处指检查作业。
【现学现练】
(1)When you travel abroad,you must at the airport two hours before departure.
A. check out B. check over
C. check in D. check off
【解析】句意:当你出国旅行时,你必须在(飞机)离开前两小时到机场办理登 机手续。check out结账退房,查看;check over仔细检查;check in检票登机, 登记入住;check off清点。此处指办理登机手续,check in符合题意。
(2)We have to before 2:00 pm,or the hotel will charge us for the day.
A. check in B. check out
C. check up D. check off
C
B
【解析】句意:我们必须在下午2点前结账退房,否则酒店会多收我们一天的费 用。check in检票登机,登记入住;check out 结账退房;check up检查,核查; check off清点。此处指办理退房,check out符合题意。
15. Huaxia Company builds a great internship program for vocational school students who dream of a career in an international trading company.华夏公司为那些梦想在国 际贸易公司工作的职业学校学生创建了一个极好的实习项目。
【归纳拓展】
(1)与dream相关的词性变化。
dream n.梦,梦想 v.做梦。dreamlike adj.梦一般的;似在梦中的。dreamer n.梦 想家;不切实际的人。如:
I just had an awful dream.我刚刚做了一个可怕的梦。
Did it really happen or did I just dream it?这是真的吗?还是我在做梦?
(2)与dream相关的常见短语。
dream of/about...梦见……,梦想……
dream away虚度
【典型例题】
Don’t just about a better future;you need to work hard to make it come true.
A. dream B. think C. suppose D. consider
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:不要只是梦想更美好的未来;你需要努力奋斗去实现它。dream 梦想;think思考,认为;suppose猜想,假设;consider考虑,认为。dream about意为“梦想……”,是固定搭配,符合题意。
【现学现练】
(1)It is every athlete’s to win a gold medal at the Olympic Games.
A. dream B. decision C. purpose D. plan
【解析】句意:在奥运会上赢得金牌是每个运动员的梦想。dream意为“梦 想”,侧重指内心渴望实现的美好愿景;decision意为“决定”,指经过思考后 作出的决定;purpose意为“目的”,侧重指做某事的意图;plan意为“计 划”,侧重指具体的行动方案。
(2)My grandfather dreams visiting the Great Wall one day.
A. with B. for C. to D. of
【解析】句意:我的祖父梦想有一天能去游览长城。dream of doing sth.意为 “梦想做某事”,是固定搭配。
A
D
16. Trainees will succeed in completing real tasks.实习生将成功完成实际任务。
【归纳拓展】
(1)与succeed相关的词性变化。
succeed v.成功。success n.成功。successor n.成功者。successful adj.成功的。 successfully adv.成功地。
(2)与succeed相关的常见短语。
①succeed in (doing)sth.意为“成功地做某事”,相当于manage to do sth.(设 法做成某事),其反义短语为fail to do sth.(未能做某事)。如:
He succeeded in solving the problem.他成功地解决了这个问题。
The manager failed to solve the problem.这个经理未能解决这个问题。
②succeed sb.as...接替某人担任……。
【典型例题】
No one can without making mistakes,so don’t be afraid of failure.
A. complete B. finish C. succeed D. realize
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:没有人能不犯错就成功,所以不要害怕失败。complete意为“完 成”,侧重指把事情做完;finish意为“结束”,强调动作的终结;succeed意为 “成功”,侧重指达成目标或获得理想的结果;realize意为“意识到,实现”, 其后常接名词或从句。
【现学现练】
(1)If you keep practicing,you will succeed passing the driving test.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
【解析】句意:如果你坚持练习,你会成功通过驾驶考试。succeed in doing sth. 意为“成功做某事”,是固定搭配。
(2)The charity event turned out to be a huge and raised a lot of money for students in rural areas.
A. result B. success C. achievement D. effect
A
B
【解析】句意:这场慈善活动非常成功,为乡村地区的学生筹集了大量资金。 success可用作可数名词,表示“成功的事”;result意为“结果”,侧重指事情 发展的结局;achievement意为“成就”,侧重指通过努力取得的成绩;effect意 为“效果”,侧重指事物产生的影响。
语法聚焦
Past continuous tense(过去进行时)
一、过去进行时的定义
过去进行时是指在过去某个时间点或时间段正在发生的事情。常与at that time,this time of yesterday,yesterday morning等时间状语连用。如:
Were you checking your insurance at that time?那时,你在核对保险吗?
He was preparing for his training program when I knocked at the door.当我敲门 的时候,他正在为培训项目做准备。
二、过去进行时的构成
肯定句:主语+was/were+v.-ing+其他.
否定句:主语+was/were+not+v.-ing+其他.
一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+v.-ing+其他?
答语:Yes,主语+was/were.或No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+v.-ing+其他?
三、过去进行时的具体用法
1. 过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。如:
He fell asleep when he was reading.他看书时睡着了。
2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气更委婉、客气。如:
I was wondering if you can give me a lift.我想知道你能否让我搭一下车。
【注意】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更 加不确定。
3. 用过去进行时表示感彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称 赞、惊讶、厌恶等感彩,也通常与 always,forever,continually等副词连 用。如:
They were always quarreling.他们老是吵架。
4. be动词的过去进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。如:
He was friendly.他很友好。(指过去长期如此)
He was being friendly.他当时很友好。(指过去一时的表现)
5. 过去进行时用于转述。如:
直接引语:He said,“I am living in London now.”他说:“我现在居住在伦 敦。”
间接引语:He said (that)he was living in London then.他说他那时居住在伦敦。
【注意】when 的后面加一般过去时,而且动词多为非延续性动词;while 的后面 加过去进行时,动词是延续性动词。
四、过去进行时的特殊用法
1. 当句子意思很清楚时,也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时。如:
We listened carefully when the teacher read the text.当老师读课文时,我们都仔细地 听着。
2. 表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示 位置转移的动词,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。如:
He told me (that)he was going soon.他告诉我,他很快就要走了。
3. 表示故事发生的背景。如:
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.那支医疗小组往前线行 进时,正下着雪。
4. 表示一个新的动作刚刚开始,可用来引出一个新的动作。如:
Five minutes later,he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.5分钟后,他已站在 门口抽着烟。
5. 过去进行时还可以和“when+一般过去时”结构遥相呼应,含有意外之 意。如:
I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走时突然有 人喊我。
6. 用来陈述原因或用作借口。如:
She went to the doctor yesterday.She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.她昨 天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
7. 与always,constantly等词连用,表示感彩。如:
The girl was always changing her mind.这个女孩总是改变主意。
8. 用在状语从句中。如:
He fell asleep when he was reading.他看书时睡着了。
9. 表示事情或动作的逐渐发展。如:
It was getting darker.天色越来越暗了。
10. 当表示更为偶然而非预定的动作时,可以用过去进行时替代一般过去 时。如:
I was talking to him the other day.我那天和他聊天来着。
【注意】进行时态只用于表示显然是连续不断的动作,如果把动作分割开,或者 说出其发生的次数,那就必须用一般过去时。如:
I talked to him several times.我和他谈过几次话。
【注意】不用于进行时态的动词。
感官动词:hear,see,notice,feel,taste...
表示态度、感情:like,love,hate...
表示心理状态:feel,want,prefer...
表示占有:own,have...
表示存在状态和持续:look,owe,be...
变式练习
单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填在题 前括号里)
A. was happening;was walking B. happened;walked
C. was happening;walked D. happened;was walking
【解析】句意:当这起交通事故发生的时候,我正走在街上寻找一家便利店。 when引导的时间状语从句,此处强调事故已经发生,动作已经结束,时态用一 般过去时;主句强调事故发生时“我”正在进行的动作,时态应用过去进行时。
D
A. took B. was taking C. take D. am taking
【解析】句意:——你为什么不接我的电话?——抱歉,我那时正在洗澡。at that moment 是过去进行时的标志性时间状语,强调过去某个特定时刻正在进行 的动作,故应用 was taking。
B
A. played B. is playing
C. was playing D. were playing
【解析】句意:当铃响的时候,学生们正在打篮球。由when the bell rang可知, 主句时态为过去进行时,其基本结构为“was/were+现在分词”;主语是the students,be动词用were。
D
A. does B. did C. is doing D. was doing
【解析】句意:昨天晚上9点,萝丝正在做家庭作业。由 at 9:00 pm last night 可知,句子时态为过去进行时,其基本结构为“was/were+现在分词”。
A. cooks B. cooked
C. is cooking D. was cooking
【解析】句意:昨天下午,当李琳正在做饭的时候,她的妈妈回来了。while引 导状语从句,表示当某个动作正在进行时,又发生了另一动作;主句是一般过去 时,while引导的句子用过去进行时。
D
D
学以致用
一、单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填 在题前括号里)
A. intern B. internship
C. arrangement D. introduction
【解析】句意:为了在华夏酒店实习,我首先需要制订一个计划。intern实习 生;internship实习期,实习;arrangement安排;introduction介绍,说明。根 据题意可知,B项符合题意。
B
A. choice B. journey C. symbol D. tradition
【解析】句意:生活就像一场旅行,你会在途中遇到起伏。choice意为“选 择”;journey意为“旅行”;symbol意为“象征”;tradition意为“传统”。
B
A. to B. at C. in D. for
【解析】句意:在她的老师的帮助下,她成功解出了这道数学难题。succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做某事”,是固定搭配。
A. idea B. dream C. meaning D. purpose
【解析】句意:经过多年的努力,这个年轻人终于实现了创办自己公司的梦想。 idea想法;dream梦想;meaning意义;purpose目的。realize one’s dream意为 “实现某人的梦想”,是固定搭配。
C
B
A. How long B. How far
C. How much D. How soon
【解析】句意:——你多久之后会完成在华夏公司的实习?——三个月后。how long意为“多长,多长时间”,询问物体长度或时间长短;how far意为“多 远”,询问距离;how much意为“多少,多少钱”,询问不可数名词的量和物 品价格;how soon意为“多久之后”,通常用“in+一段时间”来回答。
D
二、阅读理解(根据短文内容,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意 的最佳选项填在题前括号里)
A Valuable Internship Experience
Last month,I did a four-week internship at a local bookstore.As an intern,I helped sort books,tidy the shelves,and introduce books to customers.
At first,I thought it was an easy job,but I soon found it required patience.Once,a customer wanted a storybook for kids,but I couldn’t find it quickly.A kind colleague helped me,and I also learned to remember where different books were placed from her.Later,I became good at my work.The bookstore owner even said I was a helpful intern.
This internship was not only fun but also meaningful.It let me know how to talk with people and how to do a job well.I will never forget this experience.
A. In a school. B. In a bookstore.
C. In a hospital. D. In a restaurant.
【解析】根据第一段中“Last month,I did a four-week internship at a local bookstore.”可知,作者是在当地的一家书店里实习。
A. One week. B. Two weeks.
C. Three weeks. D. Four weeks.
【解析】根据第一段中“Last month,I did a four-week internship at a local bookstore.”可知,作者的实习时长是四周。
B
D
A. Sorting different books. B. Tidying the book shelves.
C. Selling new books to buyers. D. Introducing books to customers.
【解析】根据第一段中“As an intern,I helped sort books,tidy the shelves, and introduce books to customers.”可知,作者的工作包括整理书籍、打扫书架 和给顾客介绍书籍,C项“向买家售卖新书”并不是作者的工作内容。
C
A. How to read kids’ storybooks.
B. How to remember book positions.
C. How to talk politely with the owner.
D. How to clean the whole bookstore.
【解析】根据第二段中“A kind colleague helped me,and I also learned to remember where different books were placed from her.”可知,作者从友善的同 事那里学会了记住不同书籍的摆放位置。
B
A. It was boring. B. It was easy.
C. It was meaningful. D. It was difficult.
【解析】根据第三段中“This internship was not only fun but also meaningful.” 可知,作者认为这次实习是有意义的。
C