(共78张PPT)
基础模块2
Unit 4 Volunteer Work
单元导读
本单元主要考查关于志愿者方面的重点词汇、重点短语的区别及用法、重点句型 的结构及用途,熟练掌握感叹句的构成及功能,能够运用阅读技巧快速从关于人 物介绍的文本中提取正确信息,解决实际生活中的问题。其中重点词汇的用法及 辨析,感叹句的构成及用法是对口升学考试中的高频考点。
知识精讲
精 讲 一 词 汇
1. application n.申请
【课文再现】
We’ll consider your application...我们会考虑你的申请……
【归纳拓展】
(1)apply v.申请。application n.申请。如:
My application got lost in the post.我的申请书在邮寄过程中丢失了。
(2)与apply相关的常用短语。
apply for...申请……;apply to...对……适用;apply oneself to...致力……; apply to do sth.申请做某事;application form 申请表。如:
He gave the form to the woman to apply for a bank card.他把表格交给那位女士以申 请一张银行卡。
【典型例题】
(2026届安徽省中职“江淮十校”第四次学情监测)I am writing to the position of receptionist which you advertised on June 3rd.
A. look for B. apply for
C. prepare for D. wait for
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:我写这封信是为了申请你们于6月3日刊登的前台接待员一职。 look for寻找;apply for申请;prepare for为……做准备;wait for等待。此处指 写信申请前台接待员一职。
【现学现练】
(1)You need to fill in this form if you want to join the English club.
A. education B. application
C. suggestion D. explanation
【解析】句意:如果你想加入英语俱乐部,你需要填写这张申请表。 education教育;application申请;suggestion建议;explanation解释。此 处指填写申请表。
(2)These environmental protection laws apply all kinds of industries across the country.
A. for B. with C. at D. to
【解析】句意:这些环保法规适于全国各行各业。apply for申请;apply with无 此搭配;apply at后多接具体的地点;apply to适于。
B
D
2. contribute v.做贡献
【课文再现】
I’m happy that I can contribute a little bit.我很高兴我能做出一点儿贡献。
【归纳拓展】
(1)contribute v.捐献,做贡献。contribution n.贡献;捐献。
(2)contribute to...有助于……;捐献给……。如:
What kind of people can contribute more to them?什么样的人可以为他们 贡献更多?
【典型例题】
Regular exercise and a balanced diet can to keeping your body healthy.
A. contribute B. belong C. lead D. refer
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:定期锻炼和均衡饮食有助于维持你的身体健康。contribute to有 助于,促成;belong to属于;lead to导致;refer to参考,提及。
【现学现练】
(1)We should remember and thank those who made important to our country.
A. discussions B. contributions
C. preparations D. organizations
【解析】句意:我们应该铭记并感谢那些为国家作出重要贡献的人。discussion 讨论;contribution贡献;preparation准备;organization组织。
(2)A positive attitude and daily exercise can greatly contribute a person’s physical and mental health.
A. for B. to C. with D. at
【解析】句意:积极的心态和日常锻炼能极大地促进一个人的身心健康。 contribute to意为“有助于,促成”,是固定搭配。
B
B
3. exhibit n.展览品;展览 v.展览,展出
【课文再现】
The volunteer work includes introducing the architecture and exhibits to visitors.志愿 者工作包括向参观者介绍建筑和展品。
【归纳拓展】
(1)exhibit n.展览品,展览 v.展览,展出。如:
Mr Smith will exhibit many famous paintings tomorrow.史密斯先生明天将展出许多 名画。
(2)exhibition n.展览会。其常用短语为make an exhibition of oneself,意为“出 洋相,当众出丑”。如:
The artist will hold an exhibition tomorrow.这位艺术家明天将举办一场艺术展。
【典型例题】
The art gallery will over 100 traditional Chinese paintings next month.
A. hide B. exhibit C. repair D. fix
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:这家美术馆下个月将展出100多幅中国传统绘画作品。hide隐 藏;exhibit展出,陈列;repair修补;fix修理,安装。此处指美术馆将展出画 作,exhibit 符合题意。
【现学现练】
(1)Visitors were asked not to touch any in the history museum.
A. exhibit B. furniture C. food D. clothing
【解析】句意:参观者被要求不要触碰历史博物馆里的任何展品。exhibit展品; furniture家具;food食物;clothing衣物。
(2)Jack spent a whole day at the art enjoying the works of famous painters.
A. exhibition B. restaurant
C. supermarket D. library
【解析】句意:杰克在艺术展上花了一整天的时间欣赏著名画家的作品。 exhibition展览会;restaurant餐馆;supermarket超市;library图书馆。
A
A
4. graduate v.毕业
【课文再现】
I majored in Elementary Education in a university and I’ll graduate in July.我在一所 大学主修基础教育,我将于7月毕业。
【归纳拓展】
(1)graduate v.毕业 n.毕业生。graduation n.毕业;毕业典礼。postgraduate n. 研究生,如:
It was my first job after graduation.那是我毕业后的第一份工作。
(2)与graduate相关的常用短语。
graduate from...从……毕业;graduate in...毕业于……(专业);graduate diploma研究生文凭,硕士文凭;graduate certificate 研究生证书,硕士证书,毕业 证书。
【典型例题】
After finishing all the required courses and passing the exams,Jane will from the vocational college this June.
A. cancel B. graduate C. explain D. imagine
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:修完所有规定课程并通过考试后,简将于今年六月从这所职业 学院毕业。cancel取消;graduate毕业;explain解释;imagine想象。
【现学现练】
(1)All these skilled workers graduated the local vocational school two years ago.
A. in B. at C. from D. for
【解析】句意:所有这些熟练工人都是两年前从这所当地职业学校毕业的。 graduate from从……毕业。
(2)After ,he will go to a big city to look for a job related to his major.
A. direction B. graduation
C. discussion D. introduction
【解析】句意:毕业后,他将去一座大城市找一份和他的专业相关的工作。 direction方向;graduation毕业;discussion讨论;introduction介绍。
C
B
5. inform v.通知
【课文再现】
You will be informed when and where to have a written test and an interview.您将被 告知笔试和面试的时间和地点。
【归纳拓展】
(1)inform v.通知。informal adj.非正式的。formal adj.正式的。information n. 信息。informer n.告密者,通知者。如:
If I do chance to find out where she is,I’ll inform you immediately.要是我真的碰巧 发现她的行踪,我会立即通知你的。
(2)inform sb.of/about sth.通知某人某事;inform against检举,告发。
【典型例题】
They would inform him any progress they had made.
A. on B. at C. of D. with
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:他们将把自己所取得的任何进展都告诉他。inform sb.of/about sth.意为“通知某人某事”,是固定短语。
【现学现练】
(1)The teacher the students that the sports meeting would be put off till next week.
A. promised B. reported
C. informed D. introduced
【解析】句意:老师告知学生们,运动会将被推迟到下个星期举行。promise承 诺;report报告;inform告知;introduce介绍。
(2)If you want to know more about the part-time job,you can get the related from the student affairs office.
A. information B. communication
C. preparation D. application
C
A
【解析】句意:如果你想了解更多关于兼职工作的信息,你可以去学生处获取相 关内容。information信息;communication沟通,交流;preparation准备; application申请。
6. organization n.组织
【课文再现】
Volunteers need to be skilled in communication and organization.志愿者需要擅长交 流和组织。
【归纳拓展】
organize v.组织,整理。organ n.器官;(官方)机构;风琴。organizer n.组织 者;承办单位。organized adj.有组织的。organization n.组织;机构;体制;团 体。如:
We ought to organize more social events.我们应该组织更多的社交活动。
【典型例题】
The vocational school will a skill competition to improve students’ practical abilities.
A. organize B. explain
C. develop D. introduce
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:这所职业院校将组织一场技能竞赛,以提升学生的实践能力。 organize组织;explain解释;develop发展,培养;introduce介绍。此处指组织技 能竞赛。
【现学现练】
(1)I will all my old books and give them away to the village library.
A. decorate B. organize C. protect D. record
【解析】句意:我将把我所有的旧书整理好,并把它们捐赠给乡村图书馆。 decorate装饰;organize整理,组织;protect保护;record记录。此处指将旧书 整理好,organize 符合题意。
(2)The environmental protection calls on all students to take part in the tree- planting activity this weekend.
A. organization B. information
C. graduation D. exhibition
【解析】句意:这个环保组织号召全体学生参加本周末的植树活动。 organization组织;information信息;graduation毕业;exhibition展览。
B
A
7. patient adj.有耐心的
【课文再现】
...we need people who are helpful,patient and responsible...……我们需要乐于助 人、有耐心和有责任心的人……
【归纳拓展】
(1)patient adj.有耐心的 n.病人。patiently adv.有耐心地。patience n. 耐心。如:
Fishing is an activity that requires a lot of patience.钓鱼是一项很需要耐心的活动。
(2)与patient相关的常用短语。
be patient of sth.容忍某事;be patient with sb.容忍某人,对某人有耐心;with patience耐心地;be out of patience不耐烦,失去耐心;have no patience with...不 能容忍……。如:
He is always patient with his students.他总是对他的学生很有耐心。
【典型例题】
(2026年安徽省对口升学考试真题)To do paper-cutting,you need to be ;it can’t be rushed.
A. polite B. fun C. patient D. brave
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:剪纸需要耐心,不能急。polite礼貌的;fun有趣的;patient有耐 心的;brave勇敢的。根据句意可知,patient符合题意。
【现学现练】
(1)As a nurse,you should be kind to every and take good care of them.
A. driver B. patient C. farmer D. cook
【解析】句意:作为一名护士,你应该善待每一个病人并悉心照料他们。driver 司机;patient病人;farmer农民;cook厨师。此处指护士应善待病人,patient 符合题意。
(2)You should have enough when waiting for the results.
A. patience B. method
C. instruction D. courage
【解析】句意:你在等待结果时应该有足够的耐心。patience耐心;method方 法;instruction指示;courage勇气。分析句子可知,等待结果需要足够的耐心, patience 符合题意。
B
A
8. responsible adj.有责任心的
【课文再现】
...we need people who are helpful,patient and responsible...……我们需要乐于助 人、有耐心和有责任心的人……
【归纳拓展】
(1)responsible adj.有责任心的。responsibly adv.有责任心地。如:
He is a responsible teacher.他是一个认真负责的老师。
(2)与responsible相关的常用短语。
be responsible for sb./sth.对某人/某事负责,承担义务,有责任;be responsible to sb./sth.对……负责,(向主管者或上级)承担责任。
【典型例题】
As a vocational school student,you need to be for your own study and practice.
A. famous B. anxious
C. suitable D. responsible
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:作为一名职业学校学生,你需要对自己的学习和实践负责。be famous for因……而著名;be anxious for渴望……;be suitable for适于……;be responsible for对……负责。此处指学生要对自己的学习和实践负责。
【现学现练】
(1)As a team member,you should the task and make sure it is finished well.
A. look forward to B. be responsible for
C. take care of D. catch up with
【解析】句意:作为一名团队成员,你应该对这项任务负责,并确保它完成得很 好。look forward to期待;be responsible for对……负责;take care of照顾,处 理;catch up with赶上。
(2)The restaurant manager is responsible the food quality and service standard.
A. to B. of C. with D. for
B
D
【解析】句意:餐厅经理对食品质量和服务标准负责。be responsible for意为 “对……负责”,是固定搭配。
精 讲 二 短 语
9. major in主修
【课文再现】
I majored in Elementary Education in a university and I’ll graduate in July.我在一所 大学主修基础教育,我将于7月毕业。
【归纳拓展】
major用作形容词时,译为“主要的,重要的;大的”,其反义词为minor,意为 “次要的,不太重要的”;major用作名词时,译为“专业;主修学生;少 校”;major用作动词时,译为“主修”,其常用短语为major in(主修……)。 major的名词形式majority 意为“大多数,大部分”。如:
Libya is a major oil producer.利比亚是主要石油生产国之一。
【典型例题】
A advantage of this machine is that it can save a lot of energy during operation.
A. ready B. daily
C. major D. necessary
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:这台机器的一个主要优点是在运行期间中能节省大量能源。 ready准备好的;daily日常的;major主要的;necessary必要的。
【现学现练】
(1)Campus food safety is a(n) concern for both parents and schools.
A. major B. proper C. different D. attractive
【解析】句意:校园食品安全是家长和学校的主要忧虑。major主要的;proper 恰当的;different不同的;attractive吸引人的。
(2)She plans to major nursing when she studies in the vocational school.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
【解析】句意:她计划在职业学校就读时主修护理专业。major in意为“主修, 专攻”,是固定搭配。
A
B
10. act as充当
【课文再现】
It acts as a place for people to learn about Chinese history and culture.它(故宫博物 院)充当人们学习中国历史和文化的地方。
【归纳拓展】
(1)与act相关的词性变化。
act v.行动,扮演。action n.行动。active adj.积极的。actively adv.积极地。 activity n.活动。actor n.男演员。actress n.女演员。
(2)与act相关的常用短语。
act for代理;act on起作用,按……行动;act up调皮,出毛病;be active in doing sth.积极从事某事,积极参加某活动。
【典型例题】
If we don’t now to solve the problem of waste sorting,it will cause more pollution.
A. change B. act C. rest D. take
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:如果我们现在不采取行动解决垃圾分类问题,它将会造成更多 的污染。change改变,换乘;act采取行动;rest休息;take拿,取。
【现学现练】
(1)In the movie,he acted a brave soldier fighting for his country.
A. on B. up C. as D. for
【解析】句意:在这部电影里,他扮演了一名为祖国战斗的英勇士兵。act as 意 为“扮演,充当”,是固定搭配。
(2)In the world of work, employees are more likely to get opportunities for promotion.
A. rude B. passive C. active D. careless
【解析】句意:在职场中,积极的员工更有可能获得晋升机会。rude粗鲁的; passive消极的;active积极的;careless粗心的。
C
C
11. be skilled in擅长
【课文再现】
...and people who are skilled in communication and organization.……以及擅长交 流和组织的人。
【归纳拓展】
常用的同义短语。
be good at擅长……;do well in在……方面做得好;excel in在……方面突 出。如:
The girl is skilled in drawing.这个女孩擅长画画。
【典型例题】
These interns learning new skills quickly,so they are highly praised by the manager.
A. are skilled in B. are afraid of
C. are surprised at D. are satisfied with
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:这些实习生擅长快速学习新技能,因此受到了经理的高度赞 扬。be skilled in擅长;be afraid of害怕;be surprised at对……感到惊讶;be satisfied with对……感到满意。
【现学现练】
(1)A good salesperson should be at communicating with customers.
A. good B. unique C. different D. impressive
【解析】句意:一名优秀的销售人员应该擅长与客户沟通。be good at 意为“擅 长”,是固定搭配。
(2)The chef is skilled in traditional local dishes.
A. cook B. cooking C. to cook D. cooked
【解析】句意:这名厨师长擅长烹饪传统地方菜肴。be skilled in意为“擅长”, 其后接名词、代词或动名词。
A
B
12. look forward to期待
【课文再现】
We are looking forward to your participation.我们期待您的参与。
【归纳拓展】
常见的后面接 v.-ing形式的类似短语。
(1)be fond of doing sth.喜爱做某事,爱好做某事。如:
The little boy is fond of watching TV. 这个小男孩喜欢看电视。
(2)feel like doing sth.想要做某事。如:
I feel like drinking a cup of coffee.我想要喝一杯咖啡。
(3)can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事,忍不住做某事。如:
She couldn’t help crying.她忍不住哭了。
【典型例题】
She is looking forward to the opening ceremony of the new company next month.
A. attend B. attends
C. attending D. attended
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:她期待着下个月参加新公司的开业典礼。look forward to意为 “期待……”,是固定搭配,其中 to 是介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词。
【现学现练】
(1)If you don’t feel like out,we can order takeout for dinner.
A. go B. went C. to go D. going
【解析】句意:如果你不想出去,我们可以点外卖当晚餐。feel like doing sth.意 为“想要做某事”,是固定搭配。
(2)When Mike heard the funny joke,he couldn’t help loudly.
A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh
【解析】句意:当迈克听到这个有趣的笑话时,他忍不住大声笑了起来。can’t help doing sth.意为“情不自禁做某事,忍不住做某事”,是固定搭配。
D
C
精 讲 三 句 型
13. In order to offer better service to visitors,we need people who are helpful, patient and responsible...为了给参观者提供更好的服务,我们需要乐于助人、有 耐心和有责任心的人……
【归纳拓展】
常用于引导目的状语从句的句型或结构:in order to do sth.为了做某事;in order that为了……;so as to do sth.以便做某事;so that以便……;such that如此……以 致……。如:
In order to pass the exam,she had to read many books.为了能够通过这次考试,她 必须阅读大量的书。
In order that she could pass the exam,she had to read many books.为了能够通过这 次考试,她必须阅读大量的书。
【典型例题】
ensure road traffic safety,drivers must take a 20-minute break after driving for more than 4 hours.
A. So as to B. In order to
C. In order that D. So that
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:为了确保道路交通安全,司机在驾驶超过4小时后必须休息 20分钟。so as to为了(不能用于句首,只能用于句中);in order to为了 (可用于句首或句中,后接动词原形);in order that为了(后接从句); so that以便(后接从句)。分析可知,空后接动词原形 ensure且位于句 首,in order to符合题意。
【现学现练】
(1)The company improved the product design meet the customers’ changing needs.
A. in order that B. so as to
C. such that D. so that
【解析】句意:这家公司改进了产品设计,以满足顾客不断变化的需求。in order that为了(后接从句);so as to为了(后接动词原形,只能用于句中); such that这样……以致……(作为一个整体,that后接从句);so that以便(后 接从句)。分析可知,空后是动词原形 meet,so as to符合题意。
B
(2)The teacher spoke slowly and clearly all the students can understand her.
A. in order to B. so as to
C. so that D. such that
【解析】句意:这位老师说话语速慢且清晰,以便所有学生都能听懂她的话。in order to 为了(后接动词原形);so as to 为了(后接动词原形);so that以便 (后接从句);such that这样……以致……(作为一个整体,that后接从句)。 分析可知,空后是从句,so that符合题意。
C
14. ...we need...people who are willing to serve the public...……我们……需要 愿意服务大众的人……。
【归纳拓展】
(1)will v.愿意 n.意志,自制力。willing adj.愿意的,乐意的。willingly adv. 愿意地,乐意地。willingness n.乐意;心甘情愿。willpower n.意志力;毅力。
(2)be willing to do sth.乐意做某事;愿意做某事。如:
We are willing to help the people in the disaster area.我们愿意去帮助灾区人民。
【典型例题】
—Don’t be late for the job interview tomorrow.
— .
A. Yes,I will B. No,I won’t
C. Yes,I do D. No,I don’t
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:——明天的工作面试别迟到。——好的,我不会迟到的。Do型 祈使句及其否定句式(Don’t+动词原型),答语需用 will/won’t 表承诺或意 愿,故排除C、D两项;A项前后逻辑相悖,故排除。
【现学现练】
(1)Most volunteers are to devote their time to helping people in need.
A. confident B. likely C. willing D. nervous
【解析】句意:大多数志愿者都愿意投入时间帮助有需要的人。confident自信 的;likely可能的;willing愿意的;nervous紧张的,焦虑的。be willing to do sth. 意为“愿意做某事”,是固定搭配。
(2)Jack is a very kind boy.He is always willing good things with others.
A. to sharing B. shared
C. sharing D. to share
【解析】句意:杰克是一个非常善良的男孩,他总是愿意和别人分享好东西。be willing to do sth.意为“愿意做某事”,是固定搭配。
C
D
15. I’d like to be a volunteer.我想做一名志愿者。
【归纳拓展】
would like表示“想要……”,为常用的固定结构,其后可以接名词、代词或动词 不定式。would like sth.想要某物;would like to do sth.想要做某事。would like to do sth.相当于feel like doing sth.以及want to do sth.。如:
I wouldn’t like to see the movie tonight.我今天晚上不想看电影。
【注意】回答一般疑问句“Would you like to do sth.?”时,其肯定回答用 “Yes,I’d like to.”或“Yes,I’d love to.”,其中to不可省略。如:
—Would you like to go shopping with me tomorrow,Ella?艾拉,你明天想和我一 起去购物吗?
—Yes,I’d love to./I’d like to.是的,我想和你一起去。
【典型例题】
—Would you like to go to the new restaurant for lunch?
— .I’ve heard their steaks are amazing.
A. I’m sorry I can’t B. No way
C. Sure,I’d love to D. It doesn’t matter
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:——你想去那家新开的餐厅吃午饭吗?——当然,我很乐意 去。我听说他们家的牛排棒极了。I’m sorry I can’t抱歉,我去不了;No way绝 不;Sure,I’d love to当然,我很乐意去;It doesn’t matter没关系。答语后半句 表明说话人对这家餐厅感兴趣,C项是对邀请的肯定回应,符合语境。
【现学现练】
(1)The intern said he wanted in the marketing department because he was interested in sales.
A. work B. to work C. worked D. working
【解析】句意:这名实习生说他想要去市场部工作,因为他对销售感兴趣。 want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”,是固定搭配。
(2)Most employees feel like the training course on communication skills next month.
A. attend B. to attend
C. attended D. attending
【解析】句意:大多数员工想参加下个月的关于沟通技巧的培训课。feel like doing sth.意为“想要做某事”,是固定搭配。
B
D
16. I helped to collect some books and sent them to elementary schools.我帮忙收集了 一些书,并把它们送给了一些小学。
【归纳拓展】
与help相关的常用固定结构。
(1)help to do sth.帮助做某事。如:
I help to do housework.我帮着做家务。
(2)help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事。如:
Lucy helps me learn English.露西帮助我学习英语。
(3)help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事。如:
I help Lucy with her Chinese.我帮助露西学习中文。
(4)can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事,情不自禁做某事。如:
He can’t help crying when he hears the bad news.当他听到这个坏消息时,他忍不住 哭了。
(5)help oneself to 请自便。如:
You can help yourself to the milk.你可以随意喝牛奶。
【典型例题】
My English teacher often helps me my pronunciation after class.
A. to B. with C. in D. for
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:我的英语老师课后经常帮我练习发音。help sb.with sth.意为 “在某方面帮助某人”,是固定搭配。
【现学现练】
(1)Could you please help the classroom? It’s our duty today.
A. clean B. cleaning
C. cleaned D. to cleaning
【解析】句意:你能帮忙打扫教室吗?今天是我们值日。help (to) do sth.意 为“帮忙做某事”,是固定搭配。
(2)The new intern got a lot of from the manager,so he finished the task quickly.
A. trouble B. doubt C. help D. pressure
【解析】句意:这名新实习生从经理那里得到了很多帮助,所以他很快就完成了 任务。trouble麻烦;doubt疑问;help帮助;pressure压力。
A
C
17. You will be informed when and where to have a written test and an interview.您将 被告知笔试和面试的时间和地点。
【归纳拓展】
(1)“will be+过去分词”为一般将来时的被动语态结构。如:
The task will be finished tomorrow.这项任务将在明天完成。
(2)其他常见的六种时态的被动语态结构。
①一般现在时的被动语态结构:is/am/are+过去分词。如:
Chinese is spoken in the whole world.全世界都在讲中文。
②一般过去时的被动语态结构:was/were+过去分词。如:
The classroom was cleaned yesterday.教室昨天被打扫了。
③现在完成时的被动语态结构:have/has been+过去分词。如:
The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经修了两个小时。
④过去将来时的被动语态结构:would be+过去分词。如:
I didn’t expect that I would be given the prize.我未曾料到我会获奖。
⑤现在进行时的被动语态结构:is/am/are being+过去分词。如:
The project is being carried out the.这个计划那时正在执行中。
⑥过去进行时的被动语态结构:was/were being+过去分词。如:
This road was being built this time last year.这条路去年这个时候正在修建。
【典型例题】
(2023年安徽省对口升学考试真题)Nowadays,environmental protection as one of the most important tasks for us.
A. takes B. took
C. is taken D. was taken
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:如今,环境保护被视为我们最重要的任务之一。由nowadays可 知,句子时态应为一般现在时;根据句意可知,环境保护是被视为最重要的任务 之一,故应用一般现在时的被动语态。
【现学现练】
(1)(2026届安徽省中职“江淮十校”第三次学情监测)—How do you like the birthday party?
—Excellent! We well by the host.
A. are treating B. were treated
C. treat D. treated
【解析】句意:——你觉得这场生日聚会怎么样?——太棒了!我们被主人招待 得很好。分析可知,主语We和谓语动词treat之间是被动关系,且被招待的动作 发生在过去,因此用一般过去时的被动语态,即were treated。
B
(2)(2026届安徽省中职“江淮十校”第二次学情监测)It’s said that the Great Wall is a wonder which can from space.
A. see B. be seeing C. be seen D. have seen
【解析】句意:据说,长城是一个可以在太空中被看到的奇观。分析句子可知, 主语 the Great Wall 和谓语动词see之间是被动关系,且情态动词 can 后接动词原 形,故用be seen。
C
语法聚焦
Exclamatory sentence(感叹句)
一、感叹句的定义
感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子,往往由how 或 what引导。
二、感叹句的结构
1. How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如:
How nice the flowers are!这些花儿多漂亮啊!
How fast Tom is riding on his bike!汤姆骑自行车多快啊!
2. What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
What a big apple it is!这是多么大的一个苹果呀!
What an interesting book it is!这是多么有趣的一本书啊!
3. What+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:
What good students they are!他们是多么好的学生啊!
What bad news it is!多么糟糕的消息啊!
4. 在口语中,有时主语、谓语都省略,有时只用一个词或短语,有时也省略副词 和形容词。如:
What a heavy bag! 好重的包啊!
How nice!多好啊!
Cool!真酷!
How they work!他们真能干!
三、what和how引导感叹句的区别
1. 由what引导的感叹句:what意为“多么”,用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部 分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不加冠 词。这类句子的基本结构是What (a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语!如:
What a clever girl she is!她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊!
2. 由how引导的感叹句:how意为“多么”,用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被 强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副 词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。这类句子的基本结构是How+adj./adv.+主 语+谓语!如:
How cold it is today!今天多么冷啊!
3. 在表示同一意义时,英语感叹句既可用what引导,也可用how引导。如:
What a hot day it is!=How hot the day is!天气真热啊!
四、感叹句的其他用法
1. 不定式短语引起的感叹句,常表示惊异、气愤、祝愿等情绪。如:
To think that I shall never see her again!真没想到我再也见不到她了!
2. so和such引起的感叹句。如:
The little boy is so clever!这个小男孩真聪明!
It was such terrible writing!写得真糟糕!
3. that引起的感叹句,表示愿望、遗憾等。如:
That it should ever come to this!事情竟会弄到这种地步!
4. if或if only引起的感叹句。如:
If I haven’t lost my watch!我的手表要是没丢该多好!
5. 以who引起的感叹句,表示惊奇。如:
Who would have thought it!谁能想得到啊!
6. 短语感叹句。如:
At last! At last!终于盼到了!
The grass and the rising sun!多么青的草地,多么明媚的晨光!
7. 疑问感叹句。如:
Hasn’t she grown!她长这么大了!
Am I silly!我真傻!
五、注意事项
1. how引导的感叹句与what引导的感叹句有时可以相互转换,句意相同。如:
How clever a girl she is!=What a clever girl she is!她是多么聪明的一个女孩啊!
2. how或what引导的感叹句在表示强烈、激动的感情时,在特定的语境中常用省 略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去。如:
How wonderful!多么精彩啊!
3. how或what引导的感叹句句末通常用叹号;但当表示感情程度不很强烈时, how或what引导的感叹句句末也可以用句点,读时一般用感叹调。如:
How good you are to me.你对我真好。
4. how或what引导的感叹句本身表达一种强烈的感情,一般不含有very,rather, quite,extremely等词,以免语意重复。如:
错误:How very fast he runs!
5. how或what引导的感叹句一般不用于否定式。如:
错误:How hard they didn’t work!
错误:What dirty water they didn’t drink!
变式练习
单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填在题 前括号里)
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
【解析】句意:玛丽是一个多么善良的女孩啊!她总是帮同学们学英语。感叹句 的中心词girl是可数名词单数,故应用what引导该感叹句且要加不定冠词。
C
A. How B. How a C. What a D. What
【解析】句意:老师给我们的建议多么好啊!感叹句的中心词是不可数名词 advice,故应用what引导该感叹句。
D
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
【解析】句意:这个男孩写得多么快啊!感叹句的中心词是副词quickly,故应 用how引导该感叹句。
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
【解析】句意:他们是多么有责任心的老师啊!感叹句的中心词是复数可数名词 teachers,故应用what引导该感叹句。
C
A
A. How a B. How C. What D. What a
【解析】句意:汤姆跑得多么慢呀!感叹句的中心词是副词slowly,故应用how 引导该感叹句。
B
学以致用
一、单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填 在题前括号里)
A. too;to B. enough;to
C. such;that D. so;that
【解析】句意:一天的努力工作过后,我是如此疲惫,以致我很早就去睡觉了。 so...that...引导结果状语从句,so为副词,修饰形容词和副词,表示“如 此……以致……”。too...to...太……而不能……;enough...to...足以…… 去……;such...that...意为“如此……以致”,such修饰名词。根据句意及分 析可知,应用so...that...。
D
A. which B. whom C. whose D. who
【解析】句意:擅长画画的学生能够参加这次竞赛。先行词是the students,在 定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导该定语从句。
D
A. in B. with C. at D. of
【解析】句意:——我听说他得到那个职位了。——是的。因为他擅长操作电 脑。be skilled in意为“擅长……”,为固定短语,后接名词、代词或动名词。
A
A. I’m afraid not B. I’d love to
C. Never mind D. Of course not
【解析】句意:——你想去公园里看足球比赛吗?——我很想去,但是我得先做 家庭作业。I’m afraid not恐怕不行;I’d love to我很想去;Never mind没关系; Of course not当然不。分析可知,答语后半句中的but表转折,表明说话人内心 想去,I’d love to 符合语境。
B
A
— exciting news it is! We are so happy for him.
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
【解析】句意:——林洋在英语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。——这是多么令人兴 奋的消息啊!我们都为他感到高兴。感叹句的中心词news是不可数名词,故应 用what引导该感叹句。
二、阅读理解(根据短文内容,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意 的最佳选项填在题前括号里)
We may have an interview for our volunteer work.The following suggestions will help make the interview a success.
We should do some research on the volunteer work.We can call the organization or visit its website to find out some information about it.It’s also important for us to think about what questions the interviewers may ask.This will help us keep the interview running smoothly.
When leaving for the interview,we must remember to take everything we need.We’re supposed to arrive at the interview about 30 minutes early.This allows us to get ready.
Before we enter the interview room,we can take a deep breath to relax.When someone asks us to go inside,we can enter the room.We should greet the interviewers with a smile and stand until they ask us to sit down.
When answering questions,we should be confident to show our talent and skills.It’s important to look into the interviewers’ eyes,even if we are nervous or shy.If we don’t understand the interviewers’ questions,it’s okay to ask them to explain further.
Before the interview ends,the interviewers usually invite us to ask questions.We can ask about the work or the interview.For example,“What kind of training do you offer to volunteers?” We are supposed to thank the interviewers before we leave.
With these suggestions,we will have a good chance of getting the volunteer work.
A. Talk with the interviewers face to face.
B. Call the organization or visit its website.
C. Ask our classmates for related information.
D. Look for similar volunteer jobs online.
【解析】根据第二段中“We can call the organization or visit its website to find out some information about it.”可知,文中明确提及可以给志愿组织打电话或 访问其官网来调研志愿者工作。
B
A. To show our politeness to the interviewers.
B. To have enough time to get ready for it.
C. To make friends with other volunteers.
D. To practice answering possible questions.
【解析】根据第三段中“We’re supposed to arrive at the interview about 30 minutes early.This allows us to get ready.”可知,提前30分钟到达面试地点是为 了能有足够的时间做准备。
B
A. Take a deep breath. B. Drink a cup of warm water.
C. Read some interesting stories. D. Chat with the staff in the hall.
【解析】根据文章第四段中“Before we enter the interview room,we can take a deep breath to relax.”可知,进入面试房间前可以通过深呼吸来放松。
A
A. Keep silent and wait for a moment.
B. Ask the interviewers to explain again.
C. Guess the meaning and answer quickly.
D. Smile and move on to another topic.
【解析】根据第五段中“If we don’t understand the interviewers’ questions,it’s okay to ask them to explain further.”可知,当听不懂面试官的问题时,我们可 以请对方进一步解释。
B
A. We need to arrive at the interview just on time.
B. We should avoid looking into the interviewers’ eyes.
C. We can ask the interviewers to explain unclear questions.
D. We don’t need to thank the interviewers when leaving.
【解析】根据第五段中“If we don’t understand the interviewers’ questions,it’s okay to ask them to explain further.”可知,我们可以请 面试官解释不清楚的问题,因此,C项正确。A项与原文中“提前30分钟到 达”不符,B项与原文中“看着面试官的眼睛很重要”不符,D项与原文中 “离开前要感谢面试官”不符。
C