(共90张PPT)
基础模块3
Unit 5 Natural Wonders in the World
单元导读
本单元考查的知识点主要包括重点词汇、短语的区别及用法,重点句型的结 构和用途,直接引语和间接引语的定义以及相互转化时应注意的问题。本单 元语法内容在对口升学考试中考查的重点是直接引语和间接引语转化时的时 态变化。词汇、短语的辨析和句型通常混合在一起,结合当前热点话题出一 些高质量词汇题,这也是近几年对口升学考试中命题的重点。在一轮复习中 要能灵活运用本单元的知识,同时有针对性地训练阅读技巧,改进学习方 法,以从容面对每一次考试。
知识精讲
精 讲 一 词 汇
1. experience n.经验;经历;体验;vt.经验;经历;体验
【课文再现】
Mr Li’s travel experience on the Himalayas.李先生在喜马拉雅山的旅行经历。
【归纳拓展】
(1)experience作名词,表示“经验,体验”时,是不可数名词;表示“(一 次)经历,感受”时,是可数名词。如:
Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的老师。
It was a very frightening experience.这是一段令人惊恐的经历。
(2)experience作动词,表示“经历;遭受;感受;体会”。如:
Today I’m going to experience the slide activities.今天我要体验一下滑行项目。
【典型例题】
She has great success in her career as a doctor.
A. experienced B. experimented
C. explained D. expected
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:作为一名医生,她在职业生涯中取得了巨大的成功。 experienced为动词,意为“经历,体验”,experience success是固定搭配,意为 “取得成功”;experimented意为“进行实验”;explained意为“解释”; expected意为“期待”。
【现学现练】
(1)As a teacher with 20 years of teaching ,she knows how to deal with difficult students.
A. experiences B. experience
C. performances D. performance
【解析】句意:作为一名有20年经验的老师,她知道怎样应对难管的学生。 experience意为“经验”时,为不可数名词;意为“经历”时,为可数名词。 performance 指具体的“演出,表演,成果,表现”时,为可数名词;指抽象的 “执行,表现能力”时,为不可数名词。此处指教学经验,应用不可数名词 experience。
B
(2)We had a wonderful in the mountains last summer.
A. experience B. experiences
C. experienced D. experiencing
【解析】句意:去年夏天,我们在山里有一次非常棒的经历。experience可表示 “一次具体的经历”,为可数名词单数;experiences表示“多次经历”, experienced意为“有经验的”,是形容词;experiencing意为“经历”,是名 词。根据空前的a可知,此处应用experience。
A
2. trip n.旅行
【课文再现】
Want a trip to discover the natural world?想要来一次探索自然世界之旅吗?
【归纳拓展】
(1)trip 作名词时,意为“旅行”,其后常接to。a trip to...去……的旅 行。如:
They took a trip to Japan last year.他们去年去日本旅行。
(2)journey,voyage,trip,tour和travel的用法区别。
①journey指从一个地方到另一个地方,通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”,有时也 可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”,只作名词。如:
They are going on a journey to a strange country.他们要去一个陌生的国家旅行。
②voyage主要指远距离的水上旅行,也可以指空中旅行,意为“航海;航空;航 行”等,只作名词。如:
She usually gets seasick during the voyage.她在航行中经常晕船。
He made a voyage to America.他航行去美国。
③trip 强调出于娱乐或其他特定目的的短途旅行,强调目的,只作名词。如:
They are planning a trip to Shanghai.他们正计划去上海旅游。
④tour 着重指旅行线路比较曲折,常表示“(周游各地的)参观,访问,(巡 回)旅游,视察,购物,演出”等意思,可作动词和名词。如:
The band is on a tour of China.这支乐队在中国巡回演出。
The writer will tour the country promoting his book.这个作家将在全国巡回 推销他的书。
⑤travel通常泛指“旅行”,词义广泛,可指长期、短期的,不论何种目的,不论 使用何种交通工具的旅行,尤指长途的海外旅行。在表示抽象意义的“旅行” 时,也可使用travel。travels还可以用来表示“旅游笔记;游记”。travel可作动词 和名词。如:
He was a very wealthy man who had traveled the world.他是一个非常富有的人,曾 经周游过世界。
He wrote a book about his travels.他写了本游记。
【典型例题】
The from Beijing to Shanghai by high-speed rail only takes 4 hours.
A. trip B. journey C. travel D. tour
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:从北京到上海的高铁路程只需4小时。trip 侧重指“一次出 行”;journey侧重指“旅途的距离和过程”;travel泛指“旅行”;tour指“游 览参观”。此处强调“从北京到上海的长途路程”,故用journey。
【现学现练】
(1)He works as a guide and leads around Europe for a living.
A. trips B. journeys C. tours D. travels
【解析】句意:他是一名导游,以带领旅游团环游欧洲谋生。tours为可数名词 复数,意为“(有组织的)观光旅游团”;lead tours意为“带领旅游团”,为 固定用法。
(2)She fell ill during her business to Paris.
A. trip B. tour C. excursion D. expedition
【解析】句意:她在去巴黎的商务旅行中生病了。business trip意为“商务旅 行”,为固定搭配;tour侧重指“巡回游览”;excursion指“短途旅行”; expedition 指“探险考察”。
C
A
3. wonder n.奇迹,奇观
【课文再现】
As one of the famous natural wonders in the world,it attracts many travelers every year.作为世界著名的自然奇观之一,它每年吸引着许多游客。
【归纳拓展】
(1)wonder用作动词时,意为“想知道,想弄明白,琢磨”。如:
Goodness,I wonder if he knows.天哪,我在想他是否知道。
(2)It’s a wonder that...奇怪的是……。如:
It’s a wonder that it took almost ten years.这差不多花了10年的时间,真是 桩奇事。
(3)It’s no/little wonder that...难怪……。如:
It’s no wonder you can’t sleep when you eat so much.你吃那么多,难怪你睡不着。
【典型例题】
I if you could help me with this problem.
A. wonder B. wander C. wound D. want
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:我想知道你是否能帮助我解决这个问题。wonder意为“想知 道,好奇”;wander意为“徘徊”;wound意为“受伤”;want意为“想 要”。
【现学现练】
(1)It’s a that she didn’t get lost in the forest.
A. wandered B. wonderful
C. wondering D. wonder
【解析】句意:令人惊奇的是,她没有在森林里迷路。wandered意为“徘 徊”;wonderful为形容词,意为“精彩的”;wondering为动名词,意为“好 奇”;wonder可用作名词,表示“奇迹,奇观”。It’s a wonder that...意为 “令人惊奇的是……”,是固定搭配。
(2)We all at the beautiful view of the sunset over the sea.
A. amazed B. surprised
C. wondered D. admired
D
C
【解析】句意:我们都对海上日落的美景感到惊奇。amazed和surprised为形容 词,需与be动词搭配(be amazed/surprised at);wonder at sth.为固定搭配, 意为“对……感到惊奇”;admire意为“欣赏”时,其后可直接接宾语。
4. afford v.负担得起;买得起
【课文再现】
A college student in Kunming,loves travel but can’t afford to travel far away.昆明的 一名大学生,喜欢旅游,但是没钱去远方旅游。
【归纳拓展】
afford后跟名词、代词或动词不定式。如:
She can’t afford a new dress.她没钱买一件新连衣裙。
I can’t afford to buy this flat.我买不起这套公寓。
【典型例题】
She can’t afford abroad for vacation.
A. go B. going C. goes D. to go
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:她负担不起出国度假的费用。can’t afford to do sth.负担不起做 某事。
【现学现练】
(1)We’ve got to be practical and buy only what we can .
A. provide B. supply C. afford D. offer
【解析】句意:我们得务实点儿,只买自己能负担得起的东西。provide和supply 均表示“提供”;afford意为“负担得起(物品费用)”;offer指“主动给 予”。
(2)—I want to buy that expensive bag.
—Think twice! You can’t to waste money.
A. spend B. afford C. take D. cost
【解析】句意:——我想买那个贵的包。——三思!你负担不起浪费钱的后果。 can’t afford to do sth.意为“负担不起做某事”。
C
B
5. worth v.值得
【课文再现】
There are plenty of them all over the world worth discovering.世界上有许多自然景 观值得我们去发现。
【归纳拓展】
(1)worth adj.&n.值得,应该。其作形容词时,只能作表语。常用结构: sb./sth.be worth+n.。如:
His words are worth noticing.他的话值得注意。
【注意】sth.be (well) worth doing意为“(很)值得做……”,这个结构用主 动形式表示被动意义。如:
This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得读。
(2)worthy adj.意为“有价值的,值得……的”,作形容词时,既可以作表语 又可以作定语。
①be worthy of+n.。如:
He is worthy of our praise.他值得我们的称赞。
②be worthy of being done 值得做……。如:
The film is worthy of being watched many times.这部电影值得反复观看。
【典型例题】
Their efforts are worthy your support.
A. to B. of
C. for D. by
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:他们的努力值得你的支持。“be worthy of+n.”意为“值 得……”,为常用固定搭配。
【现学现练】
(1)The necklace is a lot of money.It’s made of gold.
A. worth B. worthy C. worth to D. worthy of
【解析】句意:这条项链值很多钱。它是用金子制成的。“sth.be worth+n.” 是固定搭配,其后接价格时,表示“值……钱”。
(2)This book is being read carefully.It has great value.
A. worth B. worthy C. worth to D. worthy of
【解析】句意:这本书值得仔细阅读,它有很大的价值。be worthy of being done意为“值得做……”。
A
D
6. allow v.允许,许可
【课文再现】
...it is only ankle-deep—that allow visitors to walk over the lake.……它只到脚踝 那么深,游客可以在湖上漫步。
【归纳拓展】
(1)allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事。如:
My boss doesn’t allow me to smoke in the office.我的老板不允许我在办公 室里抽烟。
(2)sb.be allowed to do sth.某人被允许做某事。如:
I’m not allowed to smoke in the office.我不被允许在办公室抽烟。
(3)allow (doing) sth.允许(做)某事。如:
They allowed smoking in this room only.他们只允许在这个房间里抽烟。
【典型例题】
The rules allow the meeting early if you finish your report.
A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. left
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:如果你完成你的报告,规则允许你提前离开会议。allow doing sth.意为“允许做某事”。
【现学现练】
(1)Pets are not allowed in the hotel rooms,according to the notice.
A. keep B. keeping
C. to be kept D. being kept
【解析】句意:根据通知,酒店客房内不允许养宠物。be allowed to do sth.意为 “被允许做某事”,pet与keep之间是被动关系,要用被动语态,故空处应用to be kept。
(2)Children under 12 to enter the museum alone.
A. aren’t allowed B. don’t allow
C. didn’t allowed D. aren’t allowing
【解析】句意:12岁以下的儿童不允许独自进入博物馆。主语Children under 12 和allow之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,其基本结构为“be+过去分词”。
C
A
7. attend v.出席,参加
【课文再现】
Mr Brown said you have a meeting to attend today.布朗先生说你今天有一场会议要 参加。
【归纳拓展】
(1)近义词join的用法。
指加入某个党派、团体或组织等,成为其成员之一。如:
When did your brother join the army?你哥哥是什么时候参军的?
(2)join in,take part in和attend的区别。
①join in多指参加小规模的活动,如球赛、游戏等,常用于日常口语。如:
Why didn’t you join in the talk last night?昨晚你为什么没参加座谈?
②take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子的主语参加该项活动, 并在活动中发挥作用。如:
We often take part in physical labor.我们经常参加体力劳动。
③attend是正式用语,及物动词,意为“参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼;去上 课,上学,听报告”等。句子的主语只是去听、去看,不一定起积极作用。如:
He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow.他明天要参加一个重要的会议。
【典型例题】
She the army right after she graduated from high school.
A. attended B. joined
C. took part in D. entered
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:她高中毕业后就参军了。attended指出席正式场合,如会议、课 程、婚礼、葬礼等;joined强调加入某组织(如军队、政党等)并成为其中一 员;took part in指参与活动等;entered表示“进入(某地)”。
【现学现练】
(1)He decided to the English club to improve his speaking skills.
A. attend B. join C. take part in D. enter
【解析】句意:他决定加入英语俱乐部来提升他的口语技能。join指加入某个党 派、团体或组织,成为其成员之一,符合题意。
(2)She the lecture on climate change,but found it too technical.
A. attended B. joined
C. took part in D. entered
【解析】句意:她参加了关于气候变化的讲座,但发现它技术性太强。attend指 出席或参加正式场合,如会议、婚礼、典礼讲座等,符合题意。
B
A
8. hard adv.刻苦地,艰难地
【课文再现】
He has been working so hard recently.他最近工作如此努力。
【归纳拓展】
hard与hardly的区别和用法。
(1)词性不同。
hard可作形容词或副词,而hardly只能作副词。
(2)意思不同。
hard作形容词时,意为“硬的,困难的,艰难的,刻苦的,猛力的”;作副 词时,意为“努力地,艰难地,猛烈地”。 hardly意为“几乎不;几乎没 有”。如:
It’s very hard to maintain a relationship.要维持一段关系是很困难的。
The ice is as hard as rock.冰像石头一样硬。
He works hard only before exams.他只在考试前努力学习。
It is raining hard outside.You can’t go out.外面正下着大雨。你不能出去。
He can hardly speak English,can he?他几乎不会说英语,是吗?
【典型例题】
He ever eats fast food because he thinks it’s unhealthy.
A. hard B. hardly
C. most D. mostly
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:他几乎不吃快餐,因为他认为它不健康。hardly ever意为“几 乎不”,是固定短语。
【现学现练】
(1)She could believe her eyes when she saw the surprise.
A. hard B. hardly
C. harden D. hard-working
【解析】句意:当她看到这个惊喜时,她几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。hard作副词 时,译为“努力地”;hardly是副词,意为“几乎不”;harden是动词,意为 “使变硬”;hard-working是形容词,意为“勤奋的”。
(2)The math problem is too for me to solve.
A. hard B. hardly C. harder D. hardest
【解析】句意:这道数学题对我来说太难了,我解不出来。“too+形容词/副词 原级+to do sth.”意为“太……而不能做某事”。hard作形容词时,译为“困 难的”;hardly是副词,意为“几乎不”;harder是比较级;hardest是最高级。
B
A
9. sound v.听起来
【课文再现】
That sounds interesting.那听起来很有意思。
【归纳拓展】
感官动词有see,look at,notice,watch,observe,listen to,hear,feel,taste等。 其具体用法如下。
(1)look/sound/smell/taste/feel+形容词,意为“看起来/听起来/闻起来/尝起来/ 摸起来……”,常用于说明主语的状态。如:
His idea sounds good.他的主意听起来很好。
(2)感官动词后面也可接like,构成介词短语。如:
Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。
【典型例题】
The soup delicious.Did you add any special ingredients?
A. feels B. keeps C. tastes D. sounds
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:汤尝起来很美味。你加了什么特别的配料吗?feel意为“感觉 到,摸起来”;keep意为“(使)保持”;taste意为“尝起来”;sound意为 “听起来”。
【现学现练】
(1)The of the waves is very relaxing to listen to.
A. voice B. sound C. noise D. cry
【解析】句意:听海浪的声音非常放松。voice意为“说话声,歌声”;sound意 为“声音”;noise意为“噪声”;cry意为“哭声”。
(2)He someone call his name,so he turned around.
A. heard B. listened to C. sounded D. felt
【解析】句意:他听到有人叫他的名字,所以他转身了。heard意为“听到”, 强调听的结果;listened to意为“听”,强调听的动作;sounded意为“听起 来”;felt是feel的过去式,意为“感觉到,摸起来”。
B
A
精 讲 二 短 语
10. be famous for 因为……而著名
【课文再现】
This place is famous for its lifelike stones.这个地方以栩栩如生的石头而闻名。
【归纳拓展】
辨析be famous for与be famous as。
(1)形容人时,侧重不同:be famous for 表示人“以某种知识、技能、作品或 特征而出名”,be famous as 主要表示人“以某种身份或职业而出名”。如:
Mo Yan is famous as a writer.莫言作为一名作家而著名。
He is famous for his skill in playing football.他以踢足球的技术而出名。
(2)形容某地时,侧重不同:be famous for 表示某地“以某种特产或特征出 名”,be famous as 表示某地“作为什么产地或地方而出名”。如:
Hangzhou is famous as a tourist place.杭州是一个出名的旅游胜地。
Beijing is famous for many places of interest.北京以许多名胜古迹而著称。
(3)形容某事时,侧重不同:be famous for 表示某事物“以其内容、特征、价 值等而为人所知”,be famous as表示某事物“以某种形式而出名”。如:
This book is famous as a reference book.这本书是出名的参考书。
This grammar book is famous for its practical usage.这本语法书以其实用性而为人 所知。
【典型例题】
The Great Wall is one of the most wonders around the world.
A. favorite B. normal C. famous D. fair
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:长城是全世界最著名的奇观之一。favorite意为“最喜欢的”; normal意为“正常的,一般的”;famous意为“著名的”;fair意为“公平的, 合理的”。
【现学现练】
(1)The Eiffel Tower is famous its unique design.
A. for B. as C. in D. to
【解析】句意:埃菲尔铁塔因其独特设计而闻名。be famous for表示“因……而 闻名”;be famous in表示“在……(某地或某领域出名)”;be famous as表示 “作为……而出名”;be famous to表示“为……所知”。
(2)Confucius is famous a great thinker and educator in Chinese history.
A. for B. as C. with D. to
【解析】句意:在中国历史上,孔子作为一个伟大的思想家和教育家闻名。be famous as表示“作为……而出名”。
A
B
11.260—300 feet wide and 230—260 feet deep 260—300英尺宽,230—260英尺深
【课文再现】
The most impressive part of Iguassu Falls is called “The Devil’s Throat”,a U- shaped rift of 260—300 feet wide and 230—260 feet deep.伊瓜苏瀑布最令人印象 深刻的部分被称为“魔鬼之喉”,是一个260—300英尺宽,230—260英尺深的U 形裂口。
【归纳拓展】
表示长度、宽度、高度、深度等的两种不同方式。
(1)基数词+单位词+形容词。如:
The classroom is 7 meters long,6 meters wide and 3 meters high.这个教室七米长, 六米宽,三米高。
(2)基数词+单位词+in+名词。如:
The classroom is eight meters in length,five meters in width and three meters in height.这个教室八米长,五米宽,三米高。
【典型例题】
The of the bridge is 500 meters.It crosses the wide river.
A. length B. width C. depth D. height
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:这座桥长500米,它跨过这条宽宽的河。length长度;width宽 度;depth深度;height高度。
【现学现练】
(1)—How is the mountain?
—It’s 3,000 meters above sea level.
A. long B. wide C. deep D. high
【解析】句意:——这座山多高?——它海拔3 000米。long长的;wide宽的; deep深的;high高的。
(2)The new smartphone is only 7.8 mm ,making it very thin.
A. long B. wide C. deep D. thick
【解析】句意:这款新智能手机只有7.8毫米厚,非常轻薄。long长的;wide宽 的;deep深的;thick厚的。
D
D
12. in hospital 住院
【课文再现】
Mr Brown heard you are in hospital.布朗先生听说你住院了。
【归纳拓展】
(1)in hospital 住院;in the hospital 在医院里。一般来说,有the强调在某个地 方,没有the是强调与这个地方有关的事件。如:
Mary has been in hospital for two weeks.玛丽已经住院两周了。
Tom’s father works in the hospital.汤姆的父亲在医院工作。
(2)结构类似的短语。如:
go to school上学 go to the school 去学校
in office在职 in the office 在办公室里
in court在法庭上 in the court 在法院里
at table在进餐 at the table在桌子旁
【典型例题】
He’s not a student any more,but he often volunteers to help kids.
A. at school B. at the school
C. at table D. at the table
【答案】 B
【解析】 句意:虽然他不再是学生,但是他经常在学校里做志愿者帮助孩 子们。at school在上学;at the school在学校;at table在进餐;at the table在桌子旁。
【现学现练】
(1)I’m waiting to pick up my sister,who is taking an exam.
A. at the school B. at school
C. in office D. in the office
【解析】句意:我在学校等着接我妹妹,她正在参加一场考试。at the school在 学校;at school在上学;in office在职;in the office在办公室里。
(2) ,when I passed by,I saw a doctor carrying medical supplies.
A. In hospital B. In the hospital
C. In court D. In the court
【解析】句意:在医院里,我路过时看到一名医生正拿着医疗用品。in hospital住院;in the hospital在医院里;in court在法庭上,出庭;in the court在法院里。
A
B
精 讲 三 句 型
13. It is said that there is a story about “tablecloth”.据说关于“桌布”还 有一个故事。
【归纳拓展】
一些表示“说”或“相信”的动词,如believe,consider,expect,report,say, suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过 去分词+to do sth.”。如:
It is said that...据说……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is believed that...大家相信……
It is hoped that...大家希望……
It is well known that...众所周知……
It is thought that...大家认为……
It is suggested that...据建议……
【典型例题】
that the ancient building was damaged in the storm last week.
A. It has reported B. It reported
C. It was reported D. They are reported
【答案】 C
【解析】 句意:据报道,那座古建筑上周在暴风雨中被毁坏了。It is/was reported that...意为“据报道……”。
【现学现练】
(1) that students should spend less time on electronic devices.
A. It is hoped B. It has hoped
C. We are hoped D. It is hoping
【解析】句意:人们希望学生们少花时间在电子设备上。It is hoped that...意为 “人们希望……”。
(2) that the research team has made a major discovery recently.
A. He is thought B. It was thought
C. It is thought D. It thought
A
C
【解析】句意:大家认为研究团队最近有了一项重大发现。It is/was thought that...意为“大家认为……”。由has made可知,从句时态是现在完成时,主 句应用现在时态。
14. Seen from a distance,the high stones seem to be a “forest”.从远处看,高耸 的石头群看上去像“森林”。
【归纳拓展】
现在分词与过去分词的两大差别:
(1)语态不同:现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。
(2)时态不同:现在分词表示进行,过去分词表示完成。
【注意】分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子主语。如:
Seeing the teacher come in,all the students stood up.看到老师进来,所有的学生都 站起来了。
Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.这些种子在肥沃的泥土中生长得快。
【典型例题】
by his teacher,he studied harder than before.
A. Encouraged B. Encouraging
C. To encourage D. Encourage
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:(由于)被他的老师鼓励,他比以前学习更努力了。空处应用 非谓语动词,并且he与encourage之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作状语。
【现学现练】
(1) carefully,you can avoid making mistakes.
A. Listen B. Listening
C. To listen D. Listened
【解析】句意:认真听,你就能避免犯错误。空处应用非谓语动词,并且you与 listen之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。
(2) by the beautiful view,we decided to stay for another day.
A. Attract B. Attracting
C. Attracted D. To attract
【解析】句意:(由于)被这美丽的景色吸引,我们决定再待一天。空处应用非 谓语动词,we与attract之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作状语。
B
C
15. ...ten times larger than the West Lake of Hangzhou.……比杭州西湖大十倍。
【归纳拓展】
倍数表达法:
(1)A+谓语+倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B,意为“A是B……的几 倍”。如:
This rope is twice longer than that one.这根绳子是那根绳子的两倍长。
(2)A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as+B,意为“A是B的几 倍”。如:
Asia is about four times as large as Europe.亚洲的面积大约是欧洲的四倍。
(3)A+谓语+倍数+the size/height/length/width...+of+B,意为“A的尺寸/ 高度/长度/宽度……是B的几倍”。如:
This street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长。
【典型例题】
The plane flew the kite.
A. ten times highest than B. ten times higher
C. ten times so high as D. ten times as high as
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:飞机的飞行高度是风筝的十倍。倍数表达法之一为“倍数+as +形容词/副词的原级+as”,意为“……是……的几倍”,D项符合倍数表达法 的句型构成。
【现学现练】
(1)The price of this diamond ring is I expected.
A. five times higher as B. five times higher than
C. five times more high than D. five time as high
【解析】句意:这枚钻戒的价格是我预想的五倍。倍数表达法之一:“A+谓语 +倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B”意为“A是B……的几倍”。
(2)The area of this national park is it was 20 years ago.
A. three times as big B. three time bigger than
C. three time as big as D. three times the size of
【解析】句意:这个国家公园的面积是20年前的三倍。倍数表达法之一:“A+ 谓语+倍数+the size of+B”意为“A的尺寸是B的几倍”。
B
D
16. Tell him to take it easy.告诉他别紧张。
【归纳拓展】
祈使句结构:
(1)肯定句。
①Please+动词原形+其他。如:
Please come in.请进。
②动词原形+其他。如:
Open the door!开门!
③Be+形容词。如:
Be quiet!安静!
④Let sb.do sth.。如:
Let me do it.让我去做这件事。
(2)否定句。
①Please+don’t+动词原形+其他。如:
Please don’t come in.不要进来。
②Don’t+动词原形+其他。如:
Don’t open the door!不要开门!
③Don’t+be+形容词。如:
Don’t be noisy!不要喧哗!
④Don’t let sb.do sth.。如:
Don’t let me do it.不让我做这件事。
⑤Let sb.not do sth.。如:
Let me not do it.让我不要做这件事。
⑥No+名词/动名词。如:
No photos/parking!禁止拍照/停车!
(3)祈使句+and+陈述句,此处and表示顺承,意为“那么”。如:
Get up earlier,and you’ll catch the early bus.早点儿起床,你就能赶上早 班公交车。
(4)祈使句+or+陈述句,此处or表示转折,意为“否则”。如:
Work hard,or you’ll fall behind others.努力工作,否则你就会落后于其他人。
【典型例题】
Please your shoes when you enter the room.
A. take off B. taking off
C. to take off D. takes off
【答案】 A
【解析】 句意:进入房间时,请脱掉你的鞋子。肯定祈使句的结构之一:Please +动词原形+其他。
【现学现练】
(1) touch the exhibit.It’s very valuable.
A. Do B. Don’t C. Does D. Didn’t
【解析】句意:不要碰这件展品。它非常贵重。祈使句的否定结构之一:Don’t +动词原形+其他。
(2)Let’s early tomorrow.We need to catch the first bus.
A. gets up B. getting up
C. to get up D. get up
【解析】句意:让我们明天早起,我们要赶第一班公交车。let sb.do sth.让某人 做某事。
B
D
语法聚焦
Direct and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语)
一、直接引语和间接引语的定义
1. 直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。如:
He said,“It is too late.”他说:“太晚了。”
2. 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。如:
He said it was too late.他说太晚了。
二、直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
1. 变人称口诀:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
(1)“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果直接引语中的主语是第一 人称或被第一人称修饰,那么从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如:
She said,“My brother wants to go with me.”她说:“我弟弟想和我一起去。”
→She said her brother wanted to go with her.她说她的弟弟想和她一起去。
(2)“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若直接引语中的主语及宾语是第 二人称或被第二人称修饰,则从句的人称要跟引号外主句的宾语一致;如果引号 外的主句没有宾语,那么也可以用第一人称。如:
He said to Kate,“How is your sister now?”他对凯特说:“你的妹妹现在怎么 样?”
→He asked Kate how her sister was then.他问凯特她的妹妹那时怎么样。
He said,“You told me this story.” 他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。”
→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(3)“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果直接引语中的主语 及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰,那么从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如:
Mr Smith said,“Jack is a good worker.”史密斯先生说:“杰克是一名优秀的工 人。”
→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.史密斯先生说杰克是一名优秀的工人。
2. 变时态口诀:若主句是一般现在时或一般将来时,直接引语只变人称用原句; 若主句是一般过去时,间接引语时态向后推一级。
(1)主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,直接引语变为间接引语时, 时态一律不变。如:
①He says,“I finished the work.”他说:“我完成工作了。”
→He says that he finished the work.他说他做完工作了。
②He will say,“I have watered the flowers.”他会说:“我已经浇花了。”
→He will say he has watered the flowers.他会说他已经浇花了。
(2)主句是一般过去时,直接引语在改为间接引语时,从句时态需要做相应的 调整。
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
①He said,“I usually watch TV on Sundays.”他说:“我通常在星期天看电 视。”
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sundays.他说他通常在星期天看电视。
②He said,“I’m using the knife.”他说:“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
③She said,“I have not heard from him since May.”她说:“自五月份以来我就 没有收到他的来信。”
→She said that she had not heard from him since May.她说自五月份以来她就没收到 他的来信。
④He said,“I came to help you.”他说:“我来帮助你。”
→He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。
⑤He said,“I had finished my homework before supper.”他说:“晚饭前我就完 成了作业。”
→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他就完成了 作业。
⑥Zhou Lan said,“I’ll do it after class.”周兰说:“我下课后就去做。”
→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。
【注意】在以下几种情况下,在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理、引用格言时,时态不变。如:
“The earth moves around the sun,” the teacher told us.老师告诉我们:“地球绕 太阳转动。”
→The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕 太阳转动。
②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:
Jack said,“John,where were you going when I met you in the street?”杰克说: “约翰,当我在街上遇到你的时候,你要去哪里?”
→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.杰克问约翰当他 在街上遇到约翰的时候,他要去哪里。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不 变。如:
Li Xiaowang said,“I was born on April 21,1980.” 李晓望说:“我是1980年4 月21日出生的。”
→Li Xiaowang said he was born on April 21,1980.李晓望说他是1980年4月21日出 生的。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,其变为间接 引语时,时态不变。如:
He said,“I get up at six every morning.”他说:“我每天早上六点起床。”
→He said he gets up at six every morning.他说他每天早上六点起床。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式(ought to,had better,used to等)和已 经是过去式(could,should,would,might等)时,则时态不变。如:
Peter said,“You had better come today.”彼得说:“你今天最好来。”
→Peter said I had better go there that day.彼得说我那天最好来。
3. 指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等的相应变化。
引语
内容 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this/these that/those
时间状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
this week/month... that week/month...
last week/month... the week/month...before
时间状语 two weeks/months...ago two weeks/months...before
tomorrow the next day
next week/month... the next week/month...
地点状语 here there
动 词 come go
bring take
引语
内容 直接引语 间接引语
①He said,“I met Mr Smith this morning.”他说:“我今天早晨见到史密斯先生 了。”
→He said that he had met Mr Smith that morning.他说他那天早晨见到史密 斯先生了。
②He said,“We went to the cinema yesterday.”他说:“我们昨天去电影院 了。”
→He said that they had gone to the cinema the day before.他说前一天他们 去电影院了。
③Lily said,“I will come back next month.”莉莉说:“我下个月回来。”
→Lily said that she would go back the next month.莉莉说她下个月就回去。
④He said,“It is nine o’clock now.”他说:“现在九点了。”
→He said that it was nine o’clock then.他说那时九点了。
⑤He said,“I haven’t seen her today.”他说:“今天我没见到她。”
→He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.他说那天他没有见到她。
⑥She said,“I went there yesterday.”她说:“昨天我去了那儿。”
→She said that she had gone there the day before.她说前一天她去了那儿。
⑦She said,“I’ll go there tomorrow.”她说:“明天我将去那儿。”
→She said that she would go there the next day.她说第二天她将去那儿。
⑧He said,“My sister was here three days ago.”他说:“我妹妹三天之前在这 儿。”
→He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说他的妹妹三 天之前在那儿。
⑨She said,“I will come here this evening.”她说:“今晚我将来这儿。”
→She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。
变式练习
单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填在题 前括号里)
→He said that .
A. he will go to the park tomorrow
B. he would go to the park the next day
C. he goes to the park tomorrow
D. he went to the park the next day
【解析】句意:他说:“明天我将去公园。”→他说他第二天将去公园。主句时 态是一般过去时,直接引语在变为间接引语时,从句需要变为过去将来时,will 要变为would;时间状语tomorrow要变为the next day。
B
A. what will she do tonight B. what she would do that night
C. what she will do that night D. what she would do tonight
【解析】句意:他对露西说:“你今天晚上将干什么?”→他问露西她那天晚上 将干什么。主句时态是一般过去时,直接引语在变为间接引语时,从句需要变为 过去将来时;根据人称变化规则“二随宾”,在直接引语变间接引语时,如果直 接引语中的主语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰,则从句中的人称要跟引号外主句 的宾语一致;时间状语tonight 要变为that night。
B
A. she has left her book in your room
B. she had left her book in your room
C. she has left her book in my room
D. she had left her book in my room
【解析】句意:他对我说:“她已经把她的书留在你的房间里了。”→他告诉 我,她已经把她的书留在我的房间里了。主句时态为一般过去时,直接引语变为 间接引语时,从句中需要把现在完成时变为过去完成时;根据人称变化规则“二 随宾,三不变”,在直接引语变间接引语时,若直接引语中的宾语是第二人称或 被第二人称修饰,则从句的人称要跟主句的宾语一致;若为第三人称,则不需要 变化。
D
A. not to play football in the classroom
B. don’t play football in the classroom
C. not play football in the classroom
D. didn’t play football in the classroom
【解析】句意:老师对我们说:“不要在教室里踢足球。”→老师告诉我们不要 在教室里踢足球。若直接引语是否定祈使句,在变为间接引语时,从句需要将 don’t do变为not to do,此处应变为tell sb.not to do sth.,意为“告诉某人不要 做某事”。
A
A. I feel very happy now B. she feels very happy now
C. she felt very happy then D. I felt very happy then
【解析】句意:我的朋友对我说:“我现在觉得非常快乐。”→我的朋友对我说 她那时觉得非常快乐。主句时态为一般过去时,直接引语变为间接引语时,从句 中需要把一般现在时变为s般过去时;根据人称变化规则“一随主”,在直接引 语变间接引语时,如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰,那么从 句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化;直接引语在变为间接引语时,时间状 语now要变为then。
C
学以致用
一、单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填 在题前括号里)
A. famous B. curious
C. delicious D. dangerous
【解析】句意:小男孩看着那个奇怪的盒子,脸上带着好奇的表情,想知道里面 是什么。famous著名的;curious好奇的;delicious美味的;dangerous危险的。 根据句意可知,此处表示脸上带着好奇的表情。
B
A. go fishing B. to go fishing
C. going fishing D. went fishing
【解析】句意:我爸爸允许我做完我的家庭作业后去钓鱼。allow sb.to do sth. 意为“允许某人做某事”,为固定搭配。
B
A. grow B. develop C. change D. achieve
【解析】句意:对学生来说,养成每天阅读的好习惯很重要。grow成长; develop发展,养成;change改变;achieve完成,实现。
B
A. good;well B. well;good
C. good;good D. well;well
【解析】句意:这个地区种植的苹果看起来不错,卖得很好。第一个空,空 前是连系动词,应填形容词作表语;第二个空,空前是实义动词,应填副词 修饰动词。
A
A. knows as B. knows for
C. is known as D. is known for
【解析】句意:长城因作为世界上最伟大的奇观之一而闻名。be known as作 为……而著名,be known for因……而著名。
C
二、阅读理解(根据短文内容,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意 的最佳选项填在题前括号里)
Most of Greenland is white because it’s covered with snow and ice.Under all the snow and ice lies a rocky world.
In 2013,a group of scientists studied the environment in Greenland.They used special tools to look for the rocks deep below the ice.While doing this,they found one of the largest canyons(峡谷).
The canyon runs at least 750 kilometers and is 800 meters deep.It is longer than any other canyon on the earth and is nearly as deep as the Grand Canyon(科罗拉多大 峡谷) in the United States.Because of its size,it has been named the “Grand Canyon of Greenland”.
How was Greenland’s Grand Canyon formed?There were two possible ways.The first was that the canyon was formed by huge ice.When ice slowly moved across the land,it cut its surface and created deep holes.The other way was that the canyon was formed by huge rivers in the past.For the last two million years,the world’s temperatures have gone up and down many times.When they went up,a lot of water melted from Greenland’s ice and ran into the ocean.The water carved(雕刻) the long,deep canyon.
The discovery of Greenland’s icy Grand Canyon is quite surprising.The canyon also helped scientists understand the historical environment of Greenland.
A. The canyon was discovered in 2013.
B. Greenland is made up of snow and ice.
C. Tourists discovered the canyon by accident.
D. The scientists went to Greenland to look for rocks.
【解析】根据第二段中“In 2013,a group of scientists...While doing this,they found one of the largest canyons.”可知,格陵兰岛大峡谷于2013年被发现。
A
A. Because of its position. B. Because of its size.
C. Because of its history. D. Because of its height.
【解析】根据第三段中“Because of its size,it has been named the ‘Grand Canyon of Greenland’.”可知,格陵兰岛大峡谷的名称源于其规模。
B
A. How Greenland’s Grand Canyon was formed.
B. When Greenland’s Grand Canyon was found.
C. What made Greenland’s Grand Canyon popular.
D. Why Greenland’s Grand Canyon is dangerous.
【解析】阅读第四段可知,该段阐述了格陵兰岛大峡谷形成的两种可能原因,因 此A项“格陵兰大峡谷是如何形成的”最能概括段落主旨。
A
A. It was formed by huge ice.
B. It’s the deepest canyon in the world.
C. It’s the longest canyon in the world
D. It was formed by huge rivers in the past.
【解析】根据第三段中“It is longer than any other canyon on the earth...”可 知,格陵兰岛大峡谷是地球上最长的峡谷。A、D两项为格陵岛大峡谷形成的可 能原因,而非确定事实;文中未提及格陵兰岛大峡谷是世界上最深的峡谷,B项 错误。
C
A. It’s no use discovering Greenland’s Grand Canyon.
B. It’s certain that Greenland’s Grand Canyon was formed by ice.
C. It’s likely that the canyon can help scientists study the historical environment of Greenland.
D. It is quite surprising that scientists work in Greenland’s Grand Canyon.
【解析】根据最后一段中“The canyon also helped scientists understand the historical environment of Greenland.”可知,格陵兰岛大峡谷有助于科学家们研 究格陵兰岛的历史环境。
C