(共10张PPT)
悦读·导入
文章导语:保护生态环境,关系人民福祉,关乎民族未来,功在当代,利在千秋。建设生态文明,推动形成绿色发展方式和生活方式,实现人与自然的和谐发展,就是保护人类唯一赖以生存的家园。那么如何才能保护好环境呢 让我们一起学习5R规则吧!
How to Protect the Environment
As we all know,environmental protection is a hot topic. Understanding the importance of environmental protection and how to protect the environment is helpful to environmental protection.Then,how can we protect the environment Here are 5R rules for us.
Reduce.If you want to reduce waste,you should use things more wisely.A large number of trees are being cut down to make paper.If everyone uses paper carelessly,soon we would not have any trees left.Other things are also being wasted, and people don’t know what to do with the waste in big cities.So it is necessary to reduce the amount of waste we produce.
Reuse.You should always think of reusing things before throwing them out.For example,give the clothes you no longer need or want to the poor.In a family,you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters.
Recycle.Bottles,cans and paper can easily be recycled.By doing so we can save lots of time and money.For example, Coke cans are sent to a factory,where they are smashed1 flat and melted.The metal can be used to make new Coke cans.
Recover.To recover means to convert2 waste into resources. For example,you can try using wasted printer paper for scrap paper,tin cans for holding pens and pencils,and waste plastic bottles for making boats.Sometimes it requires some creativity,but the possibilities are endless.
Repair.If one of the legs of your table is broken,you should repair it.If you want to buy something newer and better,it is better for you to sell the old table,or give it to people who can use it after repairing it.
Environmental protection is the responsibility and duty of everyone on Earth.Learn the rules to protect our environment.Let’s try our best to make Earth cleaner and more beautiful.
词海拾贝
1.smash /sm / vt.打碎;粉碎
2.convert /k n v t/ vt.(使)转变;转换
美文凝萃
1.Which of the following is NOT helpful to the environment
A.A large number of trees are being cut down to make paper.
B.Pass on the small clothes to younger brothers or sisters.
C.Recycle the used bottles,cans and paper.
D.Repair the broken table or send it to people who can use it after repairing it.
√
2.As a student,what suggestions can you put forward for environmental protection
(1)Go to school on foot or by bus.
(2)Save paper and use it on both sides.
(3)Turn off the light and the tap in time.Save water and electricity.
(4)Use environmentally friendly bags instead of plastic bags.
(5)Recycle things that can be reused.
(6)Protect wild animals and plant more trees.
(答案不唯一)(共71张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1.graph n.
2.emission n.
3.seal n.
4. vt.& n.排放;释放;发布
5.methane n.
6. n.碳
图;图表;曲线图
排放物;散发物;排放
海豹
release
甲烷;沼气
carbon
7. n.燃料;刺激性言行
8. adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的
9.worldwide adv._____________________ adj.
10. n.趋势;趋向;动向
11. n.政策;方针;原则
12.footprint n.
13. vt.抓住;夺取;控制
fuel
comprehensive
遍及全球地
世界各地的;影响全世界的
trend
policy
足迹;(某物所占的)空间量;面积
seize
词汇拓展
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死
→ starvation n.挨饿;饥饿;饿死
2.ecology n.生态;生态学
→ ecological adj.生态的;生态学的
3.habitable adj.适合居住的
→ habitat n.(动植物的)生活环境;栖息地
4.sustain vt.维持;遭受;承受住
→ sustainable adj.可持续的;合理利用的
5.frequently adv.频繁地;经常
→ frequent adj.频繁的;经常的
6.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚
→ restriction n.限制规定;限制法规;约束
重点短语
1. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
2.fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油)
3.along with 和……一起
4.have an impact on 对……有影响
5. refer to指的是;提及
6.huge amounts of大量的
7.be trapped in...被困在……
8.take action 采取行动
9.result in 导致
10.take responsibility for为……负责任
阅 读 自 测
Step 1 Fast Reading
一、快速浏览课文,将段落与其主旨大意相匹配
1.Paragraph 1 A.We need to do something to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
2.Paragraph 2 B.The rise in temperature has caused natural
disasters.
3.Paragraph 3 C.Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
4.Paragraph 4 D.A dead polar bear was found,which alarmed
some experts.
5.Paragraph 5 E.Why is Earth getting warmer and warmer
Step 2 Detailed Reading
二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.What directly caused the death of the polar bear mentioned in paragraph 2
A.Extreme coldness. B.Changeable weather.
C.Lack of food. D.Low sea levels.
√
2.What does the third paragraph mainly tell us
A.What the “greenhouse effect” means.
B.Why the global temperature rises quickly.
C.How the heat is released back into space.
D.Why the “man-made” greenhouse effect is important to us.
√
3.What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A.To show us the bad effects of global warming.
B.To explain the meaning of “carbon footprint”.
C.To tell us to prevent disasters from happening.
D.To call on us to do our bit to protect our planet.
√
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.(page 26)
一位研究北极熊多年的专家说,从尸体的姿势看,这只北极熊像是饿死的。
考点starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死
starve to death 饿死
starve sb into (doing) sth断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
be starving for sth/to do sth 渴望某事/做某事
starved adj. 饥饿的;缺乏的
be starved of/for 极其需要;缺乏
starvation n. 挨饿;饿死
语境领悟
(1)These people will starve to death unless they receive help soon.
除非马上得到援助,不然这些人会饿死。
(2)The enemy tried to starve him into giving in.
敌人试图断绝他的食物来逼他屈服。
(3)But since then it has been starved of/for resources and isolated from the rest of the world.
但是从那以后,它的资源开始变得匮乏,而且与世界的其他地方隔绝。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)They have sent some books and magazines to the countryside because children there are starving for knowledge.
(2)Many wild animals have been starved to death because of lacking food.
(3)She is starving to maintain (maintain) a slim figure,so she keeps on exercising.
2.【教材原文】The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.(page 27)
这些热量以更长的波长被释放回大气层。
考点release vt.& n.排放;释放;发布
release sb from...把某人从……释放(解救)出来
release sth into...把某物排放入……
on release 发行
语境领悟
(1)He is releasing an album of love songs.
他即将推出一张情歌专辑。
(2)It took firefighters two hours to release the driver from the wreckage of the car.
消防队员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。
(3)Coal power stations release sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere.
煤电站将二氧化硫释放到大气中。
(4)The book has sold thirty thousand copies in its first three weeks on release.
该书在出版后的前3周就卖出了3万册。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Brown was released from prison after serving two years of sentence.
(2)Immediately on release,the film drew an audience of thousands.
完成句子
(3)三年以后,那个人被释放出狱。
Three years later,the man was released from prison .
(4)该乐队的最新专辑将在下周发行。
The band's latest album will be released next week.
3.【教材原文】Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions,this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.(page 27)
气候学家已发出警告:如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去,而我们将为此付出更大的代价。
考点trend n.趋势;趋向;动向
trend of ……的形势(侧重于具体内容或对象)
trend in ……的趋势(侧重于指出趋势所在的领域)
set a/the trend引领潮流
trendy adj. 时髦的;赶时髦的
a trend towards... ……方面的趋势
语境领悟
(1)Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.
现在,由瑞士苏黎世大学的Damin Blasi领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的。
(2)This design represents a major new trend in modern art.
这种设计反映了现代艺术的一种主要的新趋势。
(3)He was trying to be really cool and trendy.
他想变得又酷又时髦。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)If we can achieve that,especially in our new campuses,it will set a/the trend.
(2)Today informatization has become the main trend in the course of service development in the world.
(3)It's a trendy (trend)magazine,which can lead fashion.
完成句子
(4)在年轻人中有一种兼职就业的趋势。
There is a trend towards part-time employment among young people.
(5)晨跑有增加的趋势。
There is a growing trend towards morning jogging.
4.【教材原文】In fact,news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.(page 27)
事实上,有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。
考点broadcast vt.& vi.(broadcast,broadcast) 播送;广播;传播 n.广播节目;电视节目
broadcast sth to...(向……)传播;乱传
broadcast on/upon... 用……广播;播放……的新闻
(be) broadcast live 现场直播;实况转播
live broadcast 现场直播
语境领悟
(1)He broadcast the secret to the whole school.
他将这个秘密传遍了全校。
(2)The announcement was broadcast on radio and television.
这则通知已在广播和电视上发布。
(3)Thursday's meeting lasted more than six hours and was broadcast live on television and the Internet.
周四的会议持续了六个多小时,并在电视和网络上进行现场直播。
(4)There will be a live broadcast of the football match tonight.Don't miss it!
今晚将会有这场足球赛的现场直播。不要错过哦!
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Would you please keep silent The weather report is being broadcast (broadcast) and I want to listen.
(2)The interview, broadcast (broadcast) live across the nation the other day,attracted large numbers of viewers.
(3)At that time there was no model for such a broadcast in English using simple words.
完成句子
(4)这家广播电台将在10点钟广播这条新闻。
The radio station will broadcast the news at 10 o'clock.
(5)每晚8:00她收听英语广播。
She listens to the English broadcast at 8:00 every night.
5.【教材原文】We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.(page 27)
作为个人,我们也可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。
考点restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚
restrict...to...把……限制在……
be restricted to限于
restrict sb/oneself to (doing) sth约束某人/自己(做)某事
restriction n. 限制规定;限制法规;限制
without restriction毫无限制
restrictive adj.限制(性)的,约束(性)的
语境领悟
(1)The newly-opened swimming club is open to families in the neighbourhood without restriction.
新开的游泳俱乐部对附近的家庭开放,没有限制。
(2)The reports are restricted to descriptions and give no opinions about the facts.
那些报道只限于陈述事实,而未加以任何评论。
(3)His parents are trying to make up to him for the restrictions of urban living.
他的父母正试图弥补他在城市生活的局限。
(4)Environmentalists have drafted another proposal that is far more restrictive than last year’s initiative.
环保主义者们起草了另一份提案,其限制性远远超过去年的倡议。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Access to the club is restricted (restrict) to members only.
(2)The earliest studies have suggested a link between calorie restrictions (restrict) and slowing aging.
完成句子
(3)我限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.
(4)这个城镇的车速不得超过每小时30千米。
The speed of vehicles is restricted to 30 kilometres per hour in this town.
6.【教材原文】It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,along with its causes and impacts...(page 27)
我们有责任抓住每一个机会,教育每个人了解全球变暖,包括其成因和影响……
考点seize vt.抓住;夺取;控制
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
seize...by surprise 突袭……
seize sb by the +身体部位 抓住某人的……
seize on/upon 采用;抓住;利用
be seized with/by 被……侵袭;被……影响
语境领悟
(1)At about this same period too,she was seized with a interest for appreciating paintings.
大约也是在这同一时期,她对赏画产生了兴趣。
(2)My brother told me that he wanted to seize the opportunity.
我弟弟告诉我,他想抓住这次机遇。
(3)The man would probably seize him by the wrist and take the razor away.
那人很可能会抓住他的手腕,把刮胡刀夺走。
(4)Newspapers seized on the results as proof that global warming wasn’t really happening.
各报纸纷纷以此结果为证据来证明全球变暖并没有真正发生。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)His every remark is seized upon/on by the press.
(2)I was suddenly seized with/by a feeling of great insecurity and loneliness.
(3)The troop seized the city by surprise before the enemies realised it.
完成句子
(4)他抓住我的胳膊,把我往后拉。
He seized me by the arm and held me back.
(5)他昨天有点发烧。
He was seized with/by a slight attack of fever yesterday.
句 型 剖 析
1.【教材原文】There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph).(page 26)
毫无疑问,地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。
句法分析
本句是一个复合句。主句是There is little doubt,that引导的是同位语从句。
There is little/no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”;doubt后面用that引导同位语从句。当doubt作为名词用于否定句和疑问句时,后面的从句用that引导;用于肯定句时,后面的从句用whether引导。
语境领悟
(1)There was no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train and shipped to Sydney.
毫无疑问,这些箱子后来被装上火车运往了悉尼。
(2)There is little doubt that your participation will make our outing more enjoyable.
毫无疑问,你的参与会使我们的出游更加愉快。
(3)There is some doubt whether they can satisfy our general entrance requirements for a physics degree.
他们能否达到本校攻读物理学学位的一般入学要求,有点令人怀疑。
温馨提示
doubt还可作动词。在否定句和疑问句中,doubt后跟that引导的宾语从句;在肯定句中,后接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I doubt whether/if we can make a profit out of it.
我怀疑我们是否能从此事中获利。
I don’t doubt that he is telling the truth.
我毫不怀疑他在讲真话。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Some researchers believe that there is little doubt that a cure for that disease can be found.
(2) There is no doubt that the Amber Room was lost in World War .
(3) We have some doubt whether/if she will be able to repay the money on time.
句型转换
(4)It's certain that he will come to my birthday party.
→ There is little/no doubt that he will come to my birthday party.
(5)He is sure to succeed.
→There is no doubt that he will succeed .
2.【教材原文】The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short-wave radiation.(pages 26-27)
“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层,使地表变暖。
句法分析
the fact后面为that引导的同位语从句,说明fact的内容。that引导同位语从句时,只起连接作用,本身无意义,也不作成分。
语境领悟
(1)She went to Spain despite the fact that the doctor had told her to rest.
尽管医生曾告诉她应该休息,但她还是去了西班牙。
(2)Your failure in the final exam lies in the fact that you didn't attach enough importance to your English.
你期末考试没及格的原因在于没有给予英语足够的重视。
(3) This variety,coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife.
这种多样性,加上小森林比普通森林生长速度快十倍,意味着它们吸引了大量的野生动物。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)He is not aware of the fact that there are still many poor people in the world who have not enough food to eat.
(2)The fact that he had not said anything at the meeting surprised everyone.
完成句子
(3)如果不是因为她不会唱歌,我会邀请她参加演出。
If it were not for the fact that she can't sing , I would invite her to the performance.
(4)事实上,那个地区的人口仍在增长。
It is a fact that the population is still increasing in that area.
3.【教材原文】Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,such as methane and carbon dioxide,trap some of the heat,keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable.(page 27)
大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量,从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。
句法分析
keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable为动词-ing形式短语作状语表示结果。动词-ing形式作结果状语时通常放在句子后面。
语境领悟
(1)He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces.
他把玻璃杯丢下去,使它摔成了碎片。
(2)Her husband died ten years ago,leaving her with three children to look after.
她丈夫十年前去世了,留下她和三个需要照顾的孩子。
(3)I thought he was making fun of me,and I ran faster than ever,reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.
我想他在拿我开玩笑,我就越发跑得比以往更快了,到达校园时已经上气不接下气。
温馨提示
动词-ing形式作结果状语与动词不定式作结果状语
动词-ing形式作结果状语,多表示一种“自然而然、顺理成章”的结果;动词不定式也可以作结果状语,多表示出乎意料的结果,常与only连用。
He cut off the electricity quickly,preventing an accident.(动词-ing形式表示自然而然的结果)
他迅速切断了电源,防止了一起意外事故。
I hurried there only to find that all of them had gone.(动词不定式表示意料之外的结果)
我匆匆赶到那里,结果发现他们都走了。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)The alarm clock indicating it was time for me to get up, interrupting (interrupt) my good dream.
(2)The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting (let) in the natural light during the day.
(3)He ran to the station,only to find (find) the train had left.
完成句子
(4)一架小型飞机坠毁在城东5千米处的山坡上,机上4人全部遇难。
A small plane crashed into a hillside five kilometres east of the city, killing all four people on board.
(5)有许多国家踢足球,这使它成为世界上最流行的体育运动之一。
Football is played in many countries, making it one of the most popular sports in the world.
一、单词拼写
1.The broadcast (广播节目) was recorded,not live.
2.You would starve (挨饿) if you don't work.
3.To keep ecology (生态) in balance is our duty.
4.They had sufficient food to sustain (维持) life.
5.She has a comprehensive (全面的) grasp of the subject.
6. Seize (抓住) the chance,otherwise you'll regret it.
7.Police have released (发布) a picture of the man they want to question.
8.A new set of policies (政策) guarantee us against all loss.
9.The trend (趋势) at the moment is towards a more natural and less made-up look.
二、选词填空
have an impact on refer to be trapped in take action result in
1.This a considerable loss to the company.
2.Unluckily he the elevator for hours.
3.Study the example and the explanation below.
resulted in
was trapped in
refer to
have an impact on refer to be trapped in take action result in
4.We can find that climate change has already
our lives in many ways.
5.They to speed the new law through Parliament(国会).
had an impact on
took action
三、课文语篇填空
In recent years,climate change has had a great impact
1. ______________ animals.In 2013,the whole world 2.______________(shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard.Due to the rise in temperature,the polar bear seemed 3.______________(die) from lack of food.
on
was shocked
to have died
According to climate scientists,a key climate process, 4.______________ is called the “greenhouse effect”,includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect.The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun 5.______________(enter) the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat,6.______________(keep)Earth's climate warm and habitable.However,the latter has become 7.____________ big problem.When people burn fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise 8. _____________(quick).
which
enters
keeping
a
quickly
The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 9.__________ (disaster) worldwide.Climate scientists have warned that this warming trend will become 10. ____________ (bad) if we do not take appropriate measures.The severe situation requires people all over the world to pay more attention to it.
disasters
worse(共15张PPT)
写一份关于环境问题的报道
报道是应用文的一种,其特点是以事实为依据,对人的经历或事件给予明确的、实事求是的报道。报道和评论有时候是结合在一起的,所以在讲述事实之后,可以发表作者的评论。
报道的语言偏正式,要求具体、准确、精练。可以使用第三人称或第一人称。在时态方面,叙述事件用过去时,评论常用一般现在时。
报道一般包括四个部分:
1.标题。标题是对最有价值内容的浓缩、概括和提炼。为了撷取要点,诠释意义,吸引读者的兴趣,好的标题应该简洁明了、幽默风趣,并有较强的吸引力。
2.导语。导语是开头的第一句话或第一段话,导入报道的主题,简明扼要地揭示出报道的核心内容。主要包含事件发生的时间、地点、所涉及的人物等。
3.主体。主体是报道的主要部分,它对导语内容进一步展开和阐释,用充足的事实描述事件过程,描述现状,提出措施。依据的材料要充分,要用事实来说话,语言力求简洁。报道中要有亮点,能引人深思或能让人产生强烈的兴趣。
4.结语。结语是最后一句话或一段话,通常对全文内容做概括性总结或发表评论,提出进一步的措施或对未来做出展望。
假定你是李华,最近你从网上了解到了一些环境污染问题,以及各国政府为改善环境做出的努力。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.目前环保存在的问题;
2.为了保护环境,许多国家采取了有关措施;
3.你的看法。
注意:
写作词数80左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Environment Protection
There are still many environmental problems nowadays all over the world. ______________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1.对……有害 do harm to...
2.导致;造成 cause
3.下降 decline
4.采取措施做某事 take measures to do sth
5.在某方面起重要作用 play an important role/part in
6.对……负责 be responsible for...
提分句型
1.what's more 表示递进关系
2.动词不定式作目的状语
3.because引导原因状语从句
4.not only...but also...连接两个并列成分
Environment Protection
There are still many environmental problems nowadays all over the world.The polluted air does great harm to people’s health.The polluted water causes diseases and death.What’s more,poor soil quality has also led to a decline in agricultural production.
To protect the environment,many governments have taken measures to control air pollution,to protect the forests and sea resources and to reduce environmental pollution. Therefore,governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today.
In my opinion,protecting the environment means protecting human beings because we have only one Earth.Not only the governments but also everyone is responsible for the environmental protection.
你校举办了主题为“Live in harmony with the environment”的演讲比赛。请你为学校英文报的“英语天地”栏目写一篇名为“A Speech Contest of Environmental Protection”的新闻报道,内容包括:
1.比赛目的;2.比赛过程;3.比赛反响。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.标题已给出,不计入总词数。
参考范文
A Speech Contest of Environmental Protection
To improve students' awareness of environmental protection,our school held a speech contest yesterday whose theme was “Live in harmony with the environment”.
During the contest,participants listed problems of the environment around us and expressed their opinions about how to protect it.Their wonderful speeches gained warm applause from the audience.Two excellent participants were selected to take part in the coming speech contest in our city.After the contest,we signed and promised to do what we could to protect the environment.
The contest helped us better understand the importance of protecting the environment.We all agree that whatever we do,environmental protection comes first.(共95张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Using Language,
Assessing Your Progress
& Video Time
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1. smog n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
2. volume n.量;体积;(成套书籍中的)一卷
3. garbage n.垃圾;废物
4. enterprise n.公司;企业;事业
5. restore vt.恢复;使复原;修复
6. dozen n.(一)打;十二个
7. fine vt.对……处以罚款
8. campaign n.运动;战役 vi.& vt.参加运动;领导运动
9.tolerate vt. 忍受;包容;容许
10. agenda n.议程表;议事日程
词汇拓展
1.originate vi.& vt.起源;发源;创立
→ origin n.起源;出身
→ original adj.原来的;起初的;有独创性的;原作的
2.conservation n.对(环境、文物等)保护;保持
→ conserve vt.节省;节约;保护;保存;保藏
3.regulation n.章程;规章制度
→ regulate vt.约束,控制,管理;调节
4.disposal n.去掉;清除;处理
→ dispose vt.布置;安排;使倾向于;消除;处理;使易于
5.inspection n.检查;查看;视察
→ inspect vt.检查;查看;视察
重点短语
1.deal with 处理;处置;对付;应付
2.contribute to 促成;有助于;对……做出贡献;向……捐款;为……撰稿
3.end up 最终成为;最后处于
4.dozens of 许多;很多
5.carry out 进行;执行;实施;落实;贯彻;实现
6. in addition此外;另外;又
7. in effect 有效;实际上
8.other than 除……以外;不同;不同于
阅 读 自 测
Step 1 Fast Reading
一、快速浏览课文,将段落与其主旨大意相匹配
1.Paragraph 1 A.The effect of tourism on water pollution.
2.Paragraph 2 B.Measures taken to deal with water
pollution.
3.Paragraph 3 C.Introducing the topic of water pollution
of the Li River.
4.Paragraph 4 D.Initiatives to tackle water pollution
across the country.
Step 2 Detailed Reading
二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案
1.What's the passage mainly about
A.The beauty of the Li River.
B.What some tourists did led to the water pollution.
C.Some measures to reduce water pollution in the Li River.
D.The ways to increase crop production.
√
2.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A.The chemicals have caused a decrease in the number of fish species.
B.The reputation of the Li River has a negative effect on the river's water quality.
C.The media has a good effect on encouraging greater use of clean energy.
D.The local government did nothing to protect the water quality in the Li River.
√
√
3.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A.People can do nothing to reduce water pollution in the Li River.
B.Tourists are not allowed to visit the Li River.
C.The local authorities never inspect the Li River.
D.Some measures have been taken to reduce water pollution in the Li River.
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】The expression “smog” originated in Britain and means a combination of “smoke” and “fog”.(page 30)
“雾霾”这种表达起源于英国,意思是“烟”和“雾”的结合。
考点originate vi.& vt.起源;发源;创立
originate from/in 发源于;起源于
originate with... 由……发起
originator n.创始人;首次提出者
origin n.起源;起因
original adj.原来的;起初的;有独创性的;原作的
originally adv.原来;起初;独创地
语境领悟
(1)All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
任何理论都来源于实践,并反过来为实践服务。
(2)The idea originated with a woman who wrote the music.
这一思想最早是由创作该曲的一位女士提出来的。
(3)He is known as the originator of a long-running TV series.
他作为一部电视连续剧的创始人而出名。
(4) From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options,he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle.
通过观察他的妈妈,以及他想给孩子们更好的饮料选择,他想出了他最初的乐趣瓶模型。
(5)It was built originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.
在唐朝,最开始建造它是为了保护这座城市,现在它已经完全修复了。
温馨提示
originate from、originate in、originate with表示起源时, with用于人,in用于物,from两者皆可。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)They both originate from/in folk life,mythology and literary works.
(2)It shows details such as the originator (originate) of the task and the people who can work on it.
(3)The question of the origin (originate)of the universe is still hotly debated by scientists.
(4)While he had originally (origin) travelled in order to study, travelling had become an end in itself.
2.【教材原文】Many tour boats contributed to the problem too.(page 32)
游船数量众多,也是导致这一问题出现的原因之一。
考点contribute to促成;有助于;对……做出贡献;向……捐款;为……撰稿
contribute vt.& vi.捐献,捐赠;是……的原因之一;增加;撰稿;讲话;发表意见
contribution n.捐款;贡献;促成作用
make a contribution to... 向……捐款;对……做出贡献
语境领悟
(1)It contributes much to cultural diversity.
它对文化多样性有很大贡献。
(2)I was asked to contribute to a magazine,making predictions for the new year.
我受邀为一本杂志撰文,对新的一年进行预测。
(3)It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum of money.
她很大方,捐助了这么一大笔钱。
(4)This successful man made a lot of contributions to all kinds of educational institutions in China.
这位成功人士给中国的各种教育机构做了很多次捐赠。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)This can contribute little to the solution of the problem.
(2)Exercise contributes to improving (improve) your health.
完成句子
(3)他们认识到他们的饮食习惯也可能是导致他们心脏疾病的原因。
They recognised that their eating habits might have also contributed to their heart diseases .
(4)古希腊人对世界文明做出了巨大贡献。
The ancient Greeks have made a great contribution to world civilisation.
3.【教材原文】Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty.(page 32)
地方官员担心水污染对自然环境的破坏,认为必须采取紧急措施以恢复漓江昔日的美丽。
考点restore vt.恢复;使复原;修复
restore to 恢复到……
restore...to...把……恢复到……;把……归还到
restore belief/faith in sth 恢复对……的信任
restoration n.整修;修复;(规章制度等的)恢复
语境领悟
(1)This beautiful old building has been restored to its former glory.
这座美丽的老建筑物已恢复了昔日的壮观。
(2)We hope to restore the garden to its former beauty.
我们想把这花园变得和过去一样美丽。
(3)He has done its best to restore our belief in his honesty,but many people still have their doubts.
他竭尽全力让我们重新相信他的诚实,但仍有许多人持怀疑态度。
(4)The restoration of the castle took a year and cost a lot of money.
修复这座城堡花了一年时间和大量的钱。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)I feel quite restored to health after my holiday.
(2)Several books lost from the cupboard have been restored (restore) now.
完成句子
(3)最近军队被调来重整秩序。
The army has recently been brought in to restore order .
(4)她的工作是修复旧画。
Her job is restoring old paintings .
4.【教材原文】Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.(page 32)
几十家污染企业被关闭或搬迁。
考点dozens of许多;很多
dozen n.&det.(一)打;十二个
a dozen (of) 一打
in donzens 大量地;一打一打地;大批地
by the dozen 成打地
语境领悟
(1)The typhoon destroyed dozens of houses.
这场台风毁坏了许多间房屋。
(2)He gave me a dozen roses for my birthday.
他送给我十二朵玫瑰作为生日礼物。
(3)Eggs are sold by the dozen in this supermarket.
在这个超市,鸡蛋是按打卖的。
(4)He bought three dozen bottles of wine.
他买了36瓶葡萄酒。
温馨提示
(1)dozen前有数词或者具有数词意义的词,如a、many、several、some、a few等修饰限制时,dozen要用单数形式,后面接可数名词复数,且名词前通常无需用介词of。
I bought three dozen eggs yesterday.
我昨天买了三打鸡蛋。
(2)表示“部分与整体”的关系时,dozen即使是单数形式,也要加of,这时of后面多是一个加有限定词(如these、those、the、my、Tom’s等)的复数名词或代词。
I want two dozen of these soup spoons.
我想买这些汤匙中的两打。
I want two dozen of them.
我要它们中的两打。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)I have heard of the story dozens (dozen) of times.
(2)Surprisingly,in that bookstore,books are sold by the dozen.
(3)The charity event attracted volunteers in dozens,all eager to lend a helping hand.
完成句子
(4)他已经在这儿住了24年了。
He has lived here for two dozen years .
(5)我想要这些白色百合花中的36朵作为我的婚礼花束。
I want three dozen of these white lilies for my wedding bouquet.
5.【教材原文】 New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods.(page 32)
同时也出台了关于游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规定。
考点disposal n.去掉;清除;处理
at one’s disposal 任某人处理;供某人任意使用;由某人自行支配
the disposal of... ……的处理;……的处置权
dispose v.部署;安排;使倾向于;消除;处理;使易于
dispose of...应付/解决/处理……
语境领悟
(1)You must consider how to better utilize the resources at your disposal.
你们必须考虑如何更好地利用所掌握的资源。
(2)The commander disposed his forces so as to make an attack on the enemy.
指挥官对他的部队做了部署以便进攻敌军。
(3)The justices have been arguing about how the case should be disposed of.
法官们就如何处理该案一直争论不休。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)You had better discuss with her the disposal of the furniture.
(2) We need to dispose of the old newspapers in the recycling bin.
完成句子
(3)他将有一辆供他随意使用一个月的汽车。
He will have a car at his disposal for the whole month.
(4)你解决了那个问题,可算是帮了我们一个大忙。
You did us a great favour by disposing of that problem.
6.【教材原文】At the same time,they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses.(page 33)
与此同时,他们开始定期检查,并且对旅游机构的违规行为进行处罚。
考点carry out进行;执行;实施;落实;贯彻;实现
carry on (with/doing) sth继续(做)某事
carry away 拿走;被吸引;带走;冲走
be/get carried away 变得很激动;失去自制力
carry off成功地对付;赢得;获得(奖品、荣誉等);带走,拿走
carry sb through 帮助某人渡过难关
语境领悟
(1)He has carried out extensive research into renewable energy sources.
他已经对再生能源进行了广泛研究。
(2)You'll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard.
你要是继续这样拼命工作,身体会吃不消的。
(3)He has better sense than to be carried away by success.
以他的见识,不至于被胜利冲昏头脑。
(4)Carry off the rich knowledge,leave behind the beautiful mind.
把丰富的知识带走,把美好的心灵留下。
(5)The warmth and strength of their relationship carried them through difficult times.
他们之间温暖而坚韧的关系帮助他们渡过了难关。
学以致用
完成句子
(1)下定决心要执行计划(后),他们做了周密的准备。
Determined to carry out the plan ,they made very careful preparations.
(2)她决定继续她的教育。
She is determined to carry on with her education .
(3)他的勇气和决心使他渡过了难关。
His courage and determination carried him through .
(4)她今年打得很好,人们预计她可以再次赢得所有的大奖。
She is playing so well this year that people expect her
to carry off all the big prizes again.
7.【教材原文】Where does the issue occur (page 33)
问题出在哪里
考点occur vi. 发生;出现;存在于;出现在;被想到
occur to sb 某人想到
It occurred to sb to do...某人突然想到做……
It occurred to sb that...某人想到……
occurrence n.发生;发生的事情
语境领悟
(1)He said the traffic peak occurred in the first five hours of yesterday.
他说交通高峰期出现在昨天的前五个小时。
(2)We were on a walk in the country when the idea first occurred to us.
我们是在乡间散步时第一次有这种想法的。
(3)It seldom occurred to them to wander ,to take a moment to see what's around them.
他们很少想到去闲逛,去花时间看看周围的事物。
(4) Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories,sugar,fat and the occurrence of common diseases.
对食物中150种生化物质的追踪对于揭示热量、糖、脂肪和常见疾病的发生之间的关系非常重要。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred (occur).
(2)It occurred to me that I should give the report to my manager.
完成句子
(3)他突然想起要去拜访一位老朋友。
It occurred to me that he should visit an old friend of his.
8.【教材原文】The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.(page 34)
村民们再也不能忍受这种情况了。
考点tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许
tolerate (sb) doing sth 容忍(某人)做某事
tolerance n.容忍;宽容
have no tolerance of/for sth不能容忍某事/物
tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的
be tolerant of/towards sb/sth忍受、宽容某人/某事
语境领悟
(1)The body cannot tolerate such large amounts of radiation.
身体不能承受那么大量的辐射。
(2)Our company has no tolerance of dishonesty.
我们公司无法容忍不诚实的行为。
(3)They need to be tolerant of different points of view.
他们需要包容不同的观点。
(4)My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance for any error.
我最大的缺点是我不能容忍任何错误。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase,she gave him a tolerant (tolerate) smile and let him go.
(2)When he reached the kingdom,he found the new surroundings difficult to tolerate (tolerate).
(3) No teacher will tolerate cheating (cheat) in the examinations.
(4)Compared to the elderly, some youngsters have a very limited tolerance (tolerate) to others.
9.【教材原文】Who else other than the students learn from the workshops (page 36)
除了学生们以外,还有谁在工作坊里学习
考点other than 除……以外;不同;不同于
语境领悟
(1)If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living ”,you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to.
如果你可以用一个除了“你靠什么谋生 ”的问题开始对话,无论你和谁谈话,你都能得到更多有趣的对话。
(2)Other than one sister,she has no close relatives.
除了有一个姐姐,她没有近亲了。
(3)The doctor advised about many things other than medicine.
除了药,那位医生还就许多事情给出了建议。
(4)The truth is quite other than what you think.
事实和你想的完全不同。
(5)I borrowed some books other than novels.
我借了几本书,都不是小说。
完成句子
(1)除了你的工作之外,你还有什么特别的爱好吗
Do you have any special interests other than your job
(2)除了乘小船外,你无法去那里。
You can't get there other than by boat .
学以致用
句型转换
(3)Everyone here can go there except you.
→Everyone here can go there other than you.
句 型 剖 析
1.【教材原文】When summarising,you need to be as concise as possible and use your own words.(page 31)
总结时,你需要尽可能简洁,并用你自己的话。
句法分析
When summarising相当于When you summarise,在句中用作时间状语。
在时间、条件、让步或方式等状语从句中,如果从句主语与主句主语一致,常把主语省略而采用“连词+动词-ing形式”或“动词-ed形式”的结构。如果主语与该动词构成主谓关系,用动词-ing形式;如果主语与该动词构成动宾关系,用动词-ed形式。
语境领悟
(1)He wrote his greatest novel while he worked/while working on a ship.
在一艘船上工作的期间,他写出了他最伟大的小说。
(2)When it is completed/when completed,the museum will be open to the public next year.
博物馆建成后,将于明年向公众开放。
(3)If it is heated/If heated,water can be turned into vapour.
如果加热,水会变成水蒸气。
温馨提示
在有些表示时间、条件、让步或方式等的状语从句中,如果主语是it,谓语又包含be动词时,也可以把it和be动词省略。
When (it is) necessary,call 110 for help.
必要的时候,拨打110求助。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)Don't mention this while talking (talk) to him.
(2)When leaving (leave) the airport,they waved again and again to us.
(3)Although built (build) before the war,the engine is still in perfect order.
句型转换
(4)When he was doing his homework,he heard the knocking at the door.
→ When doing his homework ,he heard the knocking at the door.
(5)Even if I am invited,I won't attend the party.
→ Even if invited ,I won't attend the party.
(6)If going there by air,we'll have to pay twice the fare.
→ If we go there by air , we'll have to pay twice the fare.
2.【教材原文】Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists,many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.(page 32)
过去,游客数量的增加使漓江的水质严重恶化,许多游客常常将垃圾抛入江中。
句法分析
本句中使用“名词/代词/数词/形容词最高级等+介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。
在“名词/代词/数词/形容词最高级等+介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中,先行词为物时,关系代词为which;但若先行词为人,则关系代词用whom;若关系代词在从句中作定语,则关系代词用whose。
语境领悟
(1)We've tested three hundred types of boots,none of which is completely waterproof.
我们已经测试过300种靴子,没有一种是完全防水的。
(2)I met the fruit-pickers,several of whom were university students.
我遇到了摘水果的人们,其中有几个人是大学生。
(3)He went with a group of people,few of whom were correctly equipped for such a climb.
他和一队人一起去了,其中只有几个人配备了进行此类攀登所需的装备。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)There were about 50 foreign students in our school,most of whom were from Germany.
(2)I have many friends,some of whom are businessmen.
(3)The building,the walls of which are white,is the tallest in our city.
句型转换
(4)He has two sons and both of them are workers.
→He has two sons, both of whom are workers.
(5)Mr Smith lives in a big house.Its windows face south.
→Mr Smith lives in a big house, the windows of which face south.
(6)I was given three books on cooking,and I really enjoyed two of them.
→I was given three books on cooking, two of which I really enjoyed.
3.【教材原文】Water pollution levels increased,with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.(page 32)
越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中,加重了水污染程度。
句法分析
with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river为“with+宾语+动词-ing形式作宾语补足语”的复合结构作原因状语。
with复合结构的构成是:with+宾语+宾语补足语。此结构可作定语,也可作状语,表示伴随、方式、条件、原因等。
其具体构成如下:
(1)with+宾语+介词短语
(2)with+宾语+形容词/副词/名词
(3)with+宾语+动词-ing形式(表示主动或动作正在进行)
(4)with+宾语+动词-ed形式(表示被动或动作已完成)
(5)with+宾语+动词不定式(表示动作将要发生)
语境领悟
(1)A young girl went in,with a book in her hand.
一个年轻女孩进来了,她手里拿着一本书。
(2)Tian'anmen Square looks even more beautiful with all lights on.
所有的灯都亮着,天安门广场显得更加漂亮。
(3)With so much work filling in his mind,he couldn't sleep well.
他脑子里满是工作,睡不好觉。
(4)The man was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
这个人被带了进来,双手被绑在背后。
(5)With machines to do all the work,they will soon finish harvesting in the crops.
有了机器来做所有的工作,他们将很快收完庄稼。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)We went through the forest without any difficulty with the guide leading (lead) us.
(2)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked (lock).
(3)With many new words to remember (remember),she will stay up tonight.
句型转换
(4)He lay on his back,and his eyes were looking up into the sky.
→He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky.
(5)She had to walk home because her bike had been stolen.
→She had to walk home with her bike stolen .
(6)Don't speak when your mouth is full.
→Don't speak with your mouth full .
4.【教材原文】With these measures,it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.(page 33)
有了这些举措,相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
句法分析
it is believed that...句型意为“据信……;被认为……”。与it is believed that...结构类似的还有it is said/thought/suggested/ reported/ hoped/expected/announced/declared/warned/ decided that...等。
语境领悟
(1)It is believed that paper was invented by Chinese.
纸被公认为是中国人发明的。
(2)It is said that seven people were killed in the accident.
据说在这次事故中有七人遇难。
(3)It was thought that only three people in the world could understand it at that time.
人们认为当时世界上只有3个人能够理解这一点。
(4)It is hoped that solar energy will be widely applied wherever it becomes available.
人们期望太阳能可以在任何地方得到广泛的应用。
(5)It is suggested that we should get enough sleep every night to stay healthy.
建议我们每晚应该获得充足的睡眠以保持健康。
温馨提示
It is believed/said/thought/reported that...等句型常可与sb/sth is believed/said/thought/reported to do sth等句型转换。
It is said that he knows thirteen languages.
=He is said to know thirteen languages.
据说他懂13种语言。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)It is said that three hundred people were invited to attend the opening ceremony.
(2)It is believed (believe) that Australia was connected to South America millions of years ago.
(3)A ship is reported to have struck (strike) some rocks off the east coast and sank.
句型转换
(4)The book was said to have been translated into English.
→ It was said that the book had been translated into English.
(5)It is said that seven famous artists are coming to the show.
→Seven famous artists are said to be coming to the show.
5.【教材原文】Is it likely to be solved completely (page 33)
有可能彻底解决吗
句法分析
be likely to do sth句型意为“可能会做某事;有希望做某事”,其中likely为形容词,在句中做表语。be unlikely to do sth意为“不太可能做某事”。
语境领悟
(1)He is not likely to come.
他不见得会来。
(2)If people don’t trust you,they are unlikely to follow your directions.
如果人们不信任你,他们就不太可能听从你的指示。
温馨提示
likely用作形容词,意为“可能的;有希望的”,也常用于it is likely that...句型。
It's likely that he will need an operation.
他有可能需要做手术。
完成句子
(1)我们可能会赢。
It is likely that we will win.
(2)明天我可能很忙。
I'm likely to be very busy tomorrow.
学以致用
句型转换
(3)He is likely to be late.
→ It is likely that he will be late.
(4)It is likely that water shortages will happen with the world population increasing.
→Water shortages is likely to happen with the world population increasing.
一、单词拼写
1.New roads are being built to cope with the increased volume (量) of traffic.
2.Can you take out the garbage (垃圾) to the dustbin when you go to school tomorrow morning
4.The union has proposed some new regulations (规章制度) to control the working hours.
3.The enterprise (企业) has been put under local administration.
5.We must carry out the public health campaign (运动) to reduce disease and improve health condition.
6.The leader is strict about the honesty of his employees and doesn’t tolerate (容许) cheating.
7.Our community is a leader in the conservation (保护) of wildlife.
8.What’s on the agenda (议程表) for this afternoon’s meeting
9.The safe disposal (处理) of nuclear waste is a major problem,which arouses many countries' concern.
二、选词填空
carry out end up in effect dozens of contribute to
1.Most importantly,I met dozens of nice people there and made many excellent friends.
2.I'm firmly convinced of the significance of honesty,which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
3.Later,he realised if he went on like that,he would end up
achieving nothing.
4.With your permission,I will have the project carried out as soon as possible.
5.The decision was taken yesterday and will remain in effect
until next year.
三、课文语篇填空
The beautiful Li River is one of the 1. ______________ (famous) tourist destinations,but the 2._____________(grow) of tourism has had negative effects on the river's water quality.This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.
most famous
growth
Water quality in the Li River had suffered 3.___________ (great)from an increasing volume of tourists,many of 4._____ frequently threw garbage into the river.Many tour boats contributed 5.________the problem too.The local population rose rapidly,as well as 6.________ number of commercial and industrial enterprises.Water pollution levels increased,with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.To feed more people,more chemicals 7.______________ (use) to increase crop production.These chemicals led to
greatly
whom
to
the
were used
Finally,a series of urgent steps were taken 9.___________ (restore) the river's original beauty.It 10.__________(believe) that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
severe water quality issues,8.______________(cause) a decrease in the number of fish species.
causing
to restore
is believed(共67张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Learning About Language
词 汇 认 知
重点单词
1. basin n.流域;盆地;盆
2.undergo vt. 经历;经受(变化、不快等)
3.implement vt. 使生效;贯彻;执行
4.moderate adj. 适度的;中等的;温和的
vi.& vt. 缓和;使适中
5.tropical adj. 热带的;来自热带的
6. nuclear adj. 原子能的;核能的;原子核的
7. jungle n.(热带)丛林;密林
词汇拓展
1.reform vi.& vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良
→ reformer n.改革者;改良者
2.harmonious adj.和谐的
→ harmony n.和谐;协调;和睦;和声
→ harmoniously adv.融洽地;和谐地
3.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服
→ submission n.屈服;归顺;提交;呈递
→ submissive adj.顺从的;听话的
4.annual adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴
→ annually adv.每年;年年
5.chaos n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱
→ chaotic adj.混乱的;杂乱的;紊乱的
6.sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
→ sense n.感觉,意识 v.感觉到;意识到;觉察出
→ sensor n.传感器;敏感元件
→ sensitivity n.体贴;悟性;敏感;敏感性;灵敏度
重点短语
1.be known as 作为……而著名
2.in search of 寻找
3.link... to ...把……和……联系起来
4.as well as 既……又……;除……之外(也)
5.bring about 带来
6.lead to 导致
7.die out 灭绝
8. on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
9.print out 印出
10. take a taxi 乘出租车
语 法 图 解
探究发现
1.He said,“I have been to the Great Wall.”
→He said that he had been to the Great Wall.
2.He said,“Do you have any difficulty with your pronunciation ”
→He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
3.He said,“You are interested in English,aren't you ”
→He asked whether/if I was interested in English.
4.“Do be careful with your handwriting,” he said.
→He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
5.“Don’t touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said to the students.
→The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
6.She said,“What a lovely day it is!”
→She said what a lovely day it was.
→She said that it was a lovely day.
1.直接引语为陈述句时,间接引语变为 that 引导的宾语从句。
2.直接引语为一般疑问句或附加疑问句时,间接引语变为 whether/if 引导的宾语从句。
3.直接引语为祈使句时,间接引语变为 带to的动词不定式(短语) 。
4.直接引语变为间接引语时,语序要变成 陈述 语序。
5.直接引语为感叹句时,间接引语变为 that或感叹句的感叹词 引导的宾语从句。
词 汇 精 讲
1.【教材原文】Many experts link China's economic success to the comprehensive reform that China has undergone since 1978.(page 28)
许多专家将中国经济的成功与中国自1978年以来所经历的全面改革联系起来。
考点reform vi.& vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良
reform...into...把……改造成……
promote the reform 促进改革
reform of...……的改革
reformer n.改革者;改良者
语境领悟
(1)He put a question to the minister about the recent reforms.
他就最近的改革措施向部长提了一个问题。
(2)He has urged complete reform of the welfare system.
他极力主张对福利制度进行彻底改革。
(3)His early experiences turned him into a passionate social reformer.
他早年的经历使他成了一个热情的社会改革家。
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)We will promote the reform of the financial system.
(2)She is a zealous reformer (reform) and dreams to change the world.
完成句子
(3)他们将一个师整编成为一个团。
They reformed a division into a regiment.
(4)新政策旨在推动教育系统的改革。
The new policies are aimed at promoting the reform of the education system.
2.【教材原文】According to the report submitted by researchers,between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests.(page 28)
根据研究人员提交的报告,每年20%到25%的二氧化碳排放是由热带森林的破坏造成的。
考点submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服
submit to...向……呈交;向……递送;向……屈服
submit oneself to...甘受……;服从……
submit...to...把……提交给……
submit that 提议;认为
submission n.屈服;归顺;提交;呈递
语境领悟
(1)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.
逾期未交的论文,每迟交一节课,分数就会降一个等级。
(2)Some students have not yet submitted their essays to their tutors.
有些学生尚未把论文交给导师。
(3)He submitted himself to a search by the guards.
他接受卫兵搜查。
(4)When is the final date for the submission of proposals
呈交提案的最后期限是什么时候
学以致用
单句语法填空
(2)We have submitted that the project should be delayed until further research is done.
(1)Six groups were invited to submit (submit) proposals for the research.
完成句子
(3)代表们提交了许多重要的问题来讨论。
The representatives submitted many important problems for discussion.
(4)我将把报告呈送给领导。
I shall submit the report to the leader.
(5)他们拒绝屈服于这个不公正的决定。
They refused to submit to the unjust decision.
3.【教材原文】Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic (page 29)
为什么核能是一个敏感话题
考点sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
be sensitive to...对……体贴/善解人意
be sensitive to/about... 对……神经过敏;对……敏感
sensitively adv.敏感地;易感知地
sensible adj.明智的
语境领悟
(1)She is skilled at achieving consensus on sensitive issues.
她擅长就敏感问题达成共识。
(2)The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.
留下的那个朋友需要对那个已经搬家的朋友所有额外的时间要求保持敏感。
(3)This is a very delicate situation and it needs to be handled sensitively.
这是很微妙的情况,需要谨慎细致地处理。
(4)It wasn't very sensible to go out on your own so late at night.
这么晚独自外出是不太明智的。
学以致用
(1) She is very sensitive to other people’s feeling.
(2)She is very sensitive to/about her appearance.
(3)I think the suggestion is sensible (sense).
(4)The abuse of women needs to be treated seriously and sensitively (sensitive).
句 型 剖 析
1.【教材原文】I always use my cloth bag when I go shopping,rather than use plastic bags.(page 29)
我去购物时总是用我的布袋,而不是用塑料袋。
句法分析
rather than意为“而不是……;不是……,而是……;与其说……,倒不如说……”。rather than常用于平行结构中,其前后的成分应该对等一致。rather than连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、动词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、介词(短语)、分句等。
语境领悟
(1)I'd call her hair chestnut rather than brown.
我宁愿说她的头发是栗色的,而不是棕色的。(两个形容词)
(2)I will do it myself rather than ask him to do it.
我会亲自去做这件事而不是叫他做。(两个动词)
(3)I always enjoy getting up early,rather than going to school without breakfast.
我总是喜欢早起,而不愿不吃早饭就去上学。(两个动词-ing形式)
(4)I decided to write a letter rather than (to) telephone.
我决定写信而不打电话。(两个动词不定式)
(5)I'd prefer to go in summer rather than in winter.
我宁愿夏天去,而不愿冬天去。(两个介词短语)
学以致用
单句语法填空
(1)He lay (lie) rather than sat in his armchair.
(2)She enjoys singing rather than dancing (dance).
(3)Shall we go for a walk rather than watch TV
(4)We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
2.【教材原文】I often walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi.(page 29)
我经常步行或骑自行车而不是乘出租车。
句法分析
instead of是介词短语,意为“代替;而不是”,后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式作宾语,表示被取代的内容。但有时为了保持前后对等,instead of后面也可接形容词、副词、动词、动词不定式或介词短语等。
语境领悟
(1)Will you go to the party instead of me
你代我去参加聚会,好吗
(2)So instead of tying it up,I just kept a close eye on it.
我不再用绳子拴住它,而是密切关注着它的一举一动。
(3)His words made me respect instead of hate him.
他的话使我敬重他,而不是讨厌他。
(4)He plans to do some work instead of to watch TV.
他打算干点活而不是看电视。
(5)I’ll go there on foot instead of by bus.
我将步行去那儿而不是坐公共汽车。
温馨提示
instead 是副词,意为“代替;而是;反而;却”,可位于句首或句末,位于句首时,还常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
He didn't get angry with me.Instead,he said he liked my words very much.
他没生我的气,反而说很喜欢我说的话。
If Henry is not well enough to go with you,take me instead.
如果亨利不舒服而不能跟你去,带我去吧。
单句语法填空
(1)Taking exercise every day makes him look younger instead of older (old).
(2)I stayed at my uncle's home instead of at the hotel.
学以致用
完成句子
(3)我经常给他提些建议而不是给他钱。
I often give him some advice instead of money .
(4)他提议读些书而不是玩游戏。
He proposed to read some books instead of to play games .
(5)天气暖和的时候,他常常在树下而不是在图书馆里读书。
In warm weather he often reads books under a tree instead of in the library .
语 法 精 析
直接引语和间接引语
一、定义
引用或转述别人的话有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语(direct speech) ;用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般来讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。
John said,“I'm going to London with my father.”
→John said that he was going to London with his father.
二、人称变化的三原则
1.“第一人称随主”原则
如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,在间接引语中,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。
Mary said,“I want to have a computer of my own.”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
2.“第二人称随宾”原则
如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰,在间接引语中,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称。
Her colleague said to her,“Who did you ask for a leave ”
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave.
3.“第三人称不更新”原则
直接引语变间接引语时,如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰,在间接引语中,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
Mr Li said,“Jack is a good worker.”
→Mr Li said Jack was a good worker.
三、时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时,如果主句为过去时态,则间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示:
引语 直接引语 间接引语
句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
过去完成时 不变
过去进行时 不变
His friend said to him,“We are planning to have a picnic.”
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.(现在进行时变为过去进行时)
The organiser said,“We have begun our plan.”
→The organiser said that they had begun their plan.(现在完成时变为过去完成时)
温馨提示
在以下几种情况下,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语、自然现象或格言。
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth,” the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
(2)直接引语是过去进行时或过去完成时。
Jack said,“John,where were you going when I met you in the street ”
→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
(3)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语 。
Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 20,1980.”
→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980.
(4)直接引语用一般现在时表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作。
He said,“I get up at six every morning.”
→He said he gets up at six every morning.
(5)直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例如ought to、had better、used to)和已经是过去时的形式(例如could、should、would、might)。
Peter said,“You had better come today.”
→Peter said I had better come that day.
四、连接词的选择
1.直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句,that可省略。
He said,“You told me this story.”
→He said (that) I had told him that story.
2.直接引语如果是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或附加疑问句,间接引语中用whether(...or...或...or not)或if引导。如said (to sb)可变为asked (sb) if/whether结构。
She said,“Is your father an engineer ”
→She asked me whether my father was an engineer.
“You have finished the homework,haven't you ” my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
He said,“Do you go to school by bus or by bike ”
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
3.直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,间接引语应改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。
“Where have you been,Li Ming ” the teacher asked.
→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been.
4.直接引语如果是祈使句,变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用ask、invite、advise、warn、tell、order等词,而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式形式。
He said,“Sit down,please.”
→He asked me to sit down.
The teacher said,“Don’t talk in class!”
→The teacher told us not to talk in class!
5.直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动名词(或从句)”。
He said,“Let's go to the film.”
→He suggested going to the film./He suggested that they should go to the film.
6.直接引语如果是否定形式的祈使句,变间接引语时,不定式符号to前要加not或never。
She said,“Don’t make so much noise,children!”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
7.如果直接引语部分是感叹句,改为间接引语时,引导词可以用该感叹句的感叹词(即what或how)引导,也可以用that引导。
He said,“What a beautiful day it is!”
→He said what a beautiful day it was.
He said that it was a beautiful day.
8.若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的would, could等构成的疑问句,转换为间接引语时句子的谓语动词常用asked。
“Can you lend me two yuan ” he asked me.
→He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.
五、直接引语变为间接引语时,从句中的指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及某些动词也要做出相应的变化。
项目 直接引语 间接引语 注意
指示 代词 this that
these those
项目 直接引语 间接引语 注意
时间 状语 now then 如果在当时转述别人的话, now/today
/yesterday/tomorrow等时间状语不必改变
today that day
tonight that night
this week (month,etc.) that week (month,etc.)
yesterday the day before
last week (month,etc.) the week (month,etc.) before
three days (a year,etc.) ago three days (a year,etc.) before
tomorrow the next (following) day
next week (month,etc.) the next (following) week (month,etc.)
项目 直接引语 间接引语 注意
地点 状语 here there 如果在当地转述, here不必改为there; come/bring也不必改为go/take
动词 come go
bring take
She said,“I will come this evening.”
→She said that she would go that evening.
“I will come here again today,” he said.
→He said that he would go there again that day.
“Please wait for me at the gate of the Summer Palace at two tomorrow afternoon,” Kate said to her friend.
→Kate asked her friend to wait for her at the gate of the Summer Palace at two the next afternoon.
即 学 即 练
单句语法填空
(1)My father asked me I had finished doing the dishes.
(2)Lily said that she (graduate) the next month.
(3)The scientist explained that water (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level.
whether/if
would graduate
boils
(4)The policeman warned the children not to play
(not play) football in the middle of the street.
(5)She said that she was writing (write) a letter when he knocked at the door.
句型转换
(6)She asked,“Have you seen the film ”
→She asked me whether/if I had seen the film.
(7)She asked us,“Where are you going to get off ”
→She asked us where we were going to get off.
(8)The teacher told the students to use their time wisely.
→The teacher said to the students,“Use your time wisely.”
(9)He asked me if I would go to Beijing by air the next day.
→He asked me,“ Will you go to Beijing by air next day ”
一、单词拼写
1. She argued powerfully for reform (改革) to create a more equitable system.
2.If you do this,you'll almost meet your annual (每年的)goal.
3.After the failure of the electricity supply,the city was in chaos (混乱).
4.The submarine that our country has put into use is driven by nuclear (核能的) power.
5.Every time I mention her,you become very sensitive (敏感的).
6.He submitted (提交)his proposal for urban development to the city council at the conference.
二、把下列句子变成间接引语
1.He said to me,“I have seen the film.”
He told me that he had seen the film.
2.He said,“Does the panda look lovely ”
He asked (me) whether/if the panda looked lovely.
3.He asked the boy,“Who broke the glass ”
He asked the boy who had broken the glass.
4.We said to her,“They're walking through the street now.”
We told her that they were walking through the street then.
5.“You'd better go to see the doctor,” I said to Tom.
I told Tom that he'd better go to see the doctor./I advised Tom to go to see the doctor.
6.“Don't make a mess in the kitchen,” Tina said to her husband.
Tina told her husband not to make a mess in the kitchen.
三、翻译句子
1.他说他担心那些动物会死于饥饿。
He said that he was worried that those animals would die of/from starvation.
2.父亲让我在空闲时间研究生态学。
My father asked me to study ecology in my spare time.
3.那位专家建议我们尽快修复这座老剧院。
The expert suggested that we (should) restore the old theatre as soon as possible.
4.导游告诉我们一些人正在视察那所学校。
The guide told us that some people were inspecting the school.
5.妈妈问我是否能忍受那么恶劣的工作条件。
My mother asked me whether/if I could tolerate such bad working conditions.(共20张PPT)
单元核心素养整合
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死
→ starvation n.挨饿;饥饿;饿死
2.ecology n.生态;生态学
→ ecological adj.生态的;生态学的
3.sustain vt.维持;遭受;承受住
→ sustainable adj.可持续的;合理利用的
4.frequently adv.频繁地;经常
→ frequent adj.频繁的;经常的
5.restrict vt.限制;限定;束缚
→ restriction n.限制规定;限制法规;约束
6.reform vi.& vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良
→ reformer n.改革者;改良者
7.harmonious adj.和谐的
→ harmony n.和谐;协调;和睦;和声
→ harmoniously adv.融洽地;和谐地
8.submit vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服
→ submission n.屈服;归顺;提交;呈递
→ submissive adj.顺从的;听话的
9.annual adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴
→ annually adv.每年;年年
10.chaos n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱
→ chaotic adj.混乱的;杂乱的;紊乱的
11.sensitive adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
→ sense n.感觉,意识 v.感觉到;意识到;觉察出
→ sensor n.传感器;敏感元件
→ sensitivity n.体贴;悟性;敏感;敏感性;灵敏度
12.conservation n.对(环境、文物等)保护;保持
→ conserve v.保护;保存;节省;节约
13.inspection n.检查;查看;视察
→ inspect v.检查;视察
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
2.fossil fuel 化石燃料(如煤或石油)
3.along with 和……一起
4.have an impact on 对……有影响
5. refer to指的是;提及
6.huge amounts of大量的
7.be trapped in...被困在……
8.take action 采取行动
9.result in 导致
10.take responsibility for为……负责任
11.be known as 作为……而著名
12.in search of 寻找
13.link... to ...把……和……联系起来
14.as well as 既……又……;除……之外(也)
15.bring about 带来
16.lead to 导致
17.die out 灭绝
18. on behalf of代表(代替)某人
19.print out 印出
20. take a taxi 乘出租车
21.deal with 处理;处置;对付;应付
22.contribute to 促成;有助于;为……做出贡献;向……捐款
23.dozens of 许多;很多
24.carry out 进行;执行;实施;落实;贯彻;实现
25. in effect 有效;实际上
26.other than 除……以外;不同;不同于
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.doubt后面接同位语从句
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer(see the graph).
毫无疑问,地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。
2.动词-ing形式短语作结果状语
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,such as methane and carbon dioxide,trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable .
大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量,从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。
3.状语从句的省略
When summarising ,you need to be as concise as possible and use your own words.
总结时,你需要尽可能简洁,并用你自己的话。
4.“不定代词 + of + 关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句
Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
过去,游客数量的增加使漓江的水质严重恶化,许多游客常常将垃圾抛入江中。
5.with复合结构作状语
Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.
越来越多的生活和商业垃圾最终流入江中,加重了水污染程度。
6.it is believed that...句型
With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
有了这些举措,相信漓江之美将得到保护并世代相传。
7.be likely to do sth句型
Is it likely to be solved completely
有可能彻底解决吗
Ⅳ.重点语法
直接引语和间接引语
1.Maria said,“I am bored.”
→Maria said that she was bored.
2.The teacher asked Jane,“Are you hungry ”
→The teacher asked Jane whether/if she was hungry.
3.He asked,“What has happened ”
→He asked what had happened.
4.Henry said,“I don't want to stay here.”
→Henry said that he didn't want to stay there .
5.He asked,“Did you see Tom yesterday ”
→He asked me whether/if I had seen Tom the day before .
6.Bob said,“I will play football tomorrow.”
→Bob said that he would play football the next day .
7.Anna said,“I am watching TV at home.”
→Anna said that she was watching TV at home.
8.“What a clever boy you are!” my teacher said to him.
→My teacher said that he was a clever boy .
→My teacher told him what a clever boy he was .
9.Jane said,“These exercises are easy.”
→Jane said that those exercises were easy.
10.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”
→The man thought that he would take it back the next day .
Ⅴ.功能意念
Referring to common knowledge 描述常识
1.Everyone knows that...每个人都知道……
2.Most people think that...大多数人认为……
3.As is known to all,...众所周知,……
4.There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
5.We all know that...我们都知道……
6.It is obvious that...很明显……
We all know that there is smog over many cities.People cannot tolerate the pollution as it is becoming more and more serious. Garbage is thrown everywhere.Waste water from many enterprises is directly sent into rivers.Fossil fuels are burnt and carbon dioxide is released,which are destroying Earth's ecology.Unfortunately,this trend will probably continue,and Earth may be unable to sustain life some day.
I think the government should put pollution control on the agenda.It must make policies to restrict the amount of carbon dioxide and restore Earth's original beauty.I'm sure we can promote a harmonious relationship between man and nature.
