Unit 5 Amazing nature 知识清单及练习（含答案）外研版（新教材）七年级下册

Unit 5 Amazing nature 知识清单
思维导图
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考点清单
1.brightly adv. 明亮地；鲜明地
【教材原句】The The mountains shine brightly under the sun, like white lotus flowers.(p.68)山在阳光下闪闪发光，像白色的莲花。
【典型例句】
The stars shone out brightly to them.星星向他们发出明亮的光。
It was full of brightly coloured flowers and fountains.它充满了色彩鲜艳的花朵和喷泉。 【拓展练习】
The sky was full ofbrightly coloured fireworks.满天一片色彩绚丽的烟火。
2.calm adj.镇静的，沉着的；平静的；v.使平静，使镇静；冷静下来
【教材原句】The lovely blue of the sky always gives me a calm feeling.(p.68)可爱的蓝色天空总是给我一种平静的感觉。
【典型例句】
The main thing is to stay calm.最重要的是要保持冷静。
Her voice was surprisingly calm.她的声音出人意料地平静。
【知识拓展】
calm down 平静下来；镇定下来 keep calm 保持冷静
stay calm 保持冷静【拓展练习】
Staying calm was an exercise in self-control.保持镇定是一种自我控制活动。
It is important to keep/stay calm in an emergency.情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。
We will go back to normal when things calm down.一切平息下来后，我们将恢复正常。
3.express v.表达，表露；表现，体现
【教材原句】And words can’t express my love for....(p.68)言语无法表达我对...... 的爱。
【典型例句】
Words cannot express how pleased I am.言语无法表达我的愉快心情。
【知识拓展】
expression n.表达，表示【拓展练习】
I would like to express my gratitude to everyone for their hard work.我要对所有辛勤劳动的人表示感谢。
4.present n.现在， 目前；礼物，赠品
【教材原句】But we have the best presents form nature.(p.69)但我们有最好的礼物来自大自然。
Unit 5 Amazing nature 知识清单
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【典型例句】
She chose the present with loving care.她满怀爱意精心挑选了这件礼物。
They wrote thanking us for the present.他们写信来感谢我们赠送的礼物。
【知识拓展】
at present 目前 ; 现在【拓展练习】
What can I get him for a birthday present 我给他送点什么生日礼物呢？
There is no way at present of predicting which individuals will develop the disease.目前还没有办法预言哪些人会患这种病。
5.proud adj. 自豪的，得意的；令人自豪的
【教材原句】I’m proud to say that I’m from one of the most beautiful places in the world.(p.69)我很自豪地说，我来自世界上最美丽的地方之一。
【典型例句】
They are proud that she is doing well at school.他们为她在学校功课好而自豪。 【知识拓展】
pride n.骄傲， 自豪 be proud of 为…而感到骄傲
【拓展练习】
He was proud ofhimself for not giving up.他为自己没有放弃而豪情满怀。
She was too proud to admit she could be wrong.她自视甚高，不愿承认自己也会有错。
6.describe v.描述，形容
【教材原句】What three colours will you use to describe your hometown.(p.70)你会用哪三种颜色来形容你的家乡？
【典型例句】
Can you describe him to me 你能向我描述一下他的样子吗？ 【知识拓展】
describe as 描述为 describe with 用…描述
description n.描述，描写【拓展练习】
His novels nicely describe life in Britain between the wars.
他的小说细致地描述了两次大战之间英国的生活状况。
They gave a general description of the man.他们对这个男人作了大致的描述。
7.interrupt v.打断，打扰；使暂停，使中断
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【教材原句】You can interrupt politely with Excuse me or Sorry.(p.75)你可以礼貌地打断对方说 Excuse me 或 Sorry。
【典型例句】
Why must she interrupt 她为什么偏要打断呢？
Can I interrupt you just for a minute 我可不可以打断你一会儿？ 【拓展练习】
It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking.打断别人说话是不礼貌的。
8.lie v.(现在分词 lying，过去式 lied 或 lay，过去分词 lied 或 lain)平躺，平卧；位于，坐落在；撒谎，编造谎言；n.谎言，谎话
【教材原句】I’m saltier than any see, so people can lie on my surface.(p.76)我比任何地方都咸，所以人们可以躺在我的表面上。
【典型例句】
There was a child lying on the ground.地上躺着一个小孩。
Lying is something that I will not tolerate.撒谎是我所不能容忍的。
【知识拓展】
lie in 在于 white lie 善意的谎言 lie down 躺下 tell a lie 撒谎
【拓展练习】
The story was a lie from start to finish.这样的讲述自始至终都是骗人的。
The islands lie at the southern end of the Kurile chain.这些岛屿位于千岛群岛的南端。
He had to go and lie down for a while.他不得不去躺一会儿。
It hurt me to think that he would lie to me.一想到他竟然对我说谎，我就很伤心。
9.suggest v.提议，建议；推荐，举荐；显示，表明
【教材原句】As my name suggests, I make rain for my plants and animals, such as monkeys, snakes and many kinds of flowers.(p.77)
正如我的名字所暗示的那样，我为我的植物和动物制造雨水，比如猴子、蛇和许多种类的花。 【典型例句】
I suggest (that) we go out to eat.我提议我们出去吃吧。
I suggest you ask him some specific questions about his past.
我建议你问问他有关他的过去的一些具体问题。
Earlier reports suggested that a meeting would take place on Sunday.
早期的报道暗示了一次会议将在周日举行。
【知识拓展】
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1.suggest 表示“建议 ”时，后面可以接动名词（即-ing 形式）或者宾语从句。在宾语从句中，通常用 should+动词原形，但 should 可以省略。例如：
I suggest doing more exercises to keep healthy.（我建议多做运动以保持健康。）
He suggested that we leave early tomorrow morning.（他建议我们明天早上早点出发。）
2. 当“suggest ”表示“暗示 ”时，它通常与名词、从句或动名词搭配使用。例如：
His smile suggested that he was happy with the news.（他的微笑显示他对这个消息感到高兴。） 【拓展练习】
I suggest you take the forms away and read them at your leisure.我建议你把表格带回去有空慢慢看。 The doctor suggested that she take some time off to rest.医生建议她休息一段时间。
The dark clouds suggest that it might rain soon.乌云表明可能很快会下雨。
10.disappear v.消失，不见；失踪；灭绝
【教材原句】I’m disappearing.(p.77)我逐渐在消失。
【典型例句】
They watched the bus disappear into the distance.他们注视着公共汽车消失在远方。
【拓展练习】
The black car drove away from them and disappeared.黑色的小汽车驶离了他们便消失了。
11.national adj. 国家的
【教材原句】I’m glacier at the Glacier National Park in America.(p.77)我是美国冰川国家公园的冰川。
【典型例句】
The area has been declared a national park.该地区已宣布为国家公园。
【知识拓展】
National Day 国庆节【拓展练习】
Success in sport is a source of national pride.体育成就是民族光荣的源泉。
12.It is famous for the world’s highest mountain.（P.68）它以世界上最高的山而闻名。 The plateau is quieter than the big cities.(p.69)高原比大城市安静。
【知识拓展】形容词的比较级与最高级
一、形容词比较级的用法
1 基本用法
用于比较两个事物，通常与“than”连用。例如：“He is taller than I am.”（他比我高。）
肯定形式：Ais as + 形容词 + as + B（A 与 B 一样）。例如：“She is as smart as her sister.”（她和她的姐姐一样聪明。）
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否定形式：Ais not as/so + 形容词 + as + B（A 不如 B 那样）。例如：“He is not as tall as his brother.” （他没有他哥哥高。）
2. 比较级的修饰语
可以使用 much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, slightly, completely, a (great/good) deal 等词语来加强语气。例如：“This room is much bigger than that one.”（这个房间比那个房间大很多。）
3. 比较级的特殊句型
“the + 比较级, the + 比较级”：表示“越 … … ,就越 … …”的意思。例如：“The more books you read, the more knowledge you acquire.”（你读的书越多，你获得的知识就越多。）
“more and more”句型：表示“越来越 … …”的意思。例如：“The weather is becoming colder and colder.” （天气越来越冷了。）
二、形容词最高级的用法
1.基本用法
用于三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，通常与“in/of”短语连用，表示范围。例如：“Shanghai is the biggest city in China.”（上海是中国最大的城市。）
可以用序数词修饰最高级，表示“第几最 … …”的意思。例如：“Tom is the second tallest boy in his class.” （汤姆是他班上第二高的男孩。）
2.最高级的特殊用法
“one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词”：表示“最 … …之一”。例如：“China is one of the oldest countries in the world.”（中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。）
形容词最高级前面可以加上物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时就不能再加定冠词“the” 。例如：“This is my best friend.”（这是我最好的朋友。）
3.最高级的修饰语
最高级可以被序数词、much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not, quite, not really, nothing like 等词语修饰，但修饰词应放在冠词之前。例如：“This hat is by far the biggest.”（这个帽子到目前为止是最大的。）
三、形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则
1.单音节形容词
一般在形容词后加“er”变为比较级，加“est”变为最高级。例如：“tall - taller - tallest”。
以“e”结尾的形容词，直接加“r”变为比较级，加“st”变为最高级。例如：“large - larger - largest”。
以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加“er”变为比较级，加“est”变为最高级。例如：“big - bigger - biggest”。
2.双音节形容词
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部分双音节形容词在前面加“more”变为比较级，加“most”变为最高级。例如：“modern - more modern - most modern”。
少数双音节形容词遵循单音节形容词的变化规则。
3.多音节形容词
通常在前面加“more”变为比较级，加“most”变为最高级。例如：“beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful”。
4.不规则变化
某些形容词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的，需要记忆。例如：“good - better - best”。
【拓展练习】单项选择
1. ________ you are, ________ trouble you will have.
A. The more carefully; the fewer B. The more careful; the less
C. The more carefully; the less D. the more careful; the fewer
2. Qingdu Mountain is very popular and ________ tourists visit it year by year.
A. more and more B. fewer and fewer C. less and less D. more or less
3. Darren is only 12 years old, but he is ________ than his mother now.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
4. Harbin became one of ________ tourist resorts in China last winter holidays.
A. popular B. more popular C. less popular D. the most popular
5. Linda, one of ________ in our class, is never late for school.
A. best students B. the best students C. best student D. the best student
6. Can you show me the way to the ________ post office
A. nearly B. nearest C. near D. nearby
7. We get the ________ score in the school, and we are really happy.
A. best B. good C. bad D. worse
8. Nanjing isn’t as large ________ Shanghai. However, it’s the second ________ city in East China.
A. as；largest B. as；larger C. like；largest D. like；large
9. —Which do you want to buy, the red one, the white one or the black one —I want to buy ________ one of them.
A. the cheaper B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest
10. Now the air in our city is __________ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it.
A. very good B. much better C. rather bad D. even worse
Unit 5 Amazing nature 知识清单
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Unit 5 Amazing nature 知识清单
第一部分 词汇默写
序号 词义和词性 单词
1 n. 高原
2 n. 云
3 adj. 柔软的
4 adv. 明亮地
5 n. 莲花 (图案) ，荷花 (图案)
6 n. 天 ，天空
7 adj. 镇静的，沉着的； 心平气和的
8 prep. 在 ( … …) 上方
9 v. 表达； 表示； 表现
10 n. 草原
11 n. 田地， 田野
12 adj. 很少 ，不多
13 n. 礼物，赠品
14 adj. 自豪的 ，得意的
15 adj. 可能的； 可能发生的； 可 能属实的
16 adj. 地方性的，当地 (本 地) 的
17 n. (服装、家具、设备 等的) 设计师，设计者
18 n. 指南，指导手册
19 v. 描述，描写
20 n. (陆上的) 风景 ，景 致，景色
21 adj. 常见的 ，普遍的
22 n. (书面缩写为 Mt)(用 作山名的一部分) … … 山， … … 峰
23 n. 海潮，潮汐
24 n. 展览 (会)
25 n. 参观，游览
26 n. 肺鱼
27 n. 肺
28 n. 科学家
29 n. 行为，举止
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30 n. 陆地
31 adv. 出声地
32 adj. 咸的，含盐的
33 v. 躺，平卧
34 n. 表面 ，面
35 n. 水平高度； 相对高度
36 det. 不那么多，更 (较) 少
37 v. 暗示，暗指
38 诸如，例如
39 n. 蛇
40 n. 木头； 木材，木料
41 v. 消失，不见
42 n. 冰川
43 adj. 国家的，全国性的
第二部分 拓展练习
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. There are many beautiful ____ in Tibet. (plateau)
2. It's a ____ day today. (cloud)
3. The mother held the baby ____. (soft)
4. The sun shines so ____ that we can't open our eyes. (brightly)
5. The ____ in the pond are in full bloom. (lotus)
6. We can see many beautiful stars in the ____ at night. (sky)
7. He answered the question ____. (calm)
8. This painting is an ____ of his love for nature. (express)
9. There are some sheep on the green ____. (grassland)
10. The farmers are working hard in the ____. (field)
11. There are even ____ people in the street than before. (few)
12. They got many ____ at Christmas. (present)
13. We are filled with ____ when we see the national flag rising. (proud)
14. It's ____ to rain this afternoon. (likely)
16. This product is made ____ in our town. (local)
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17. She wants to be a clothes ____ when she grows up. (designer)
18. We were ____ around the museum by an expert. (guide)
19. Can you give me a ____ of your new house (describe)
20. There are beautiful ____ in this area. (landscape)
21. English is ____ used in international business. (commonly)
22. There are several famous ____ in China. (Mount)
23. The ____ of the sea are affected by the moon. (tide)
24. The museum ____ many ancient artworks. (exhibition)
25. Many ____ come to this city every year. (tour)
26. The ____ can live both in water and on land. (lungfish)
27. Smoking is bad for your ____. (lung)
28. His dream is to become a famous ____. (scientist)
29. We should study the ____ of different animals. (behaviour)
30. The plane safely ____ at the airport. (land)
31. Read the text as ____ as possible. (aloud)
32. The soup is a bit too ____. (salty)
33. Look! There is a dog ____ on the ground. (lie)
34. The ____ of the water is very clear. (surface)
35. They are at different English ____. (level)
36. We should eat ____junk food. (less)
37. Can you give me a ____ (suggest)
38. I'm afraid of ____. (snake)
39. The table is made of ____. (wood)
40. Dinosaurs ____ millions of years ago. (disappear)
二、完形填空
There was a man who had four sons. He hoped that his sons could learn not to judge（评判）things too 1 . So he sent them to a very far place, asking them to go and look at a pear tree during different seasons.
The eldest son went out in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the 2 in autumn. When all of them returned home, the father called them together, and let them 3 what they saw.
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The first son said the tree was ugly and there was 4 there. The second son said the tree was covered with 5 buds（芽儿）and was full of hope. The third son didn’t have the same idea 6 his two brothers, saying that it was filled with 7 . He told them they smelt sweet and looked beautiful. The last son didn’t agree with all of them, saying that there were lots of fruit 8 the tree and the tree was full of life.
The man told his four sons that they were all right, 9 each of them only saw the tree during one season. He added, “You can not judge a tree by one season or a person in one time. You should do this only when you know what life is like.”
If you give up during the coldness of winter, you will miss the hope of spring, the beauty of summer and the 10 of autumn in your life.
1 ．A ．slowly B ．carefully C ．quickly D ．clearly
2 ．A ．biggest B ．smallest C ．oldest D ．youngest
3 ．A ．decide B ．describe C ．discuss D ．draw
4 ．A ．nothing B ．everything C ．anything D ．something
5 ．A ．white B ．yellow C ．red D ．green
6 ．A ．with B ．as C ．like D ．to
7 ．A ．buds B ．leaves C ．flowers D ．pears
8 ．A ．in B ．on C ．at D ．under
9 ．A ．if B ．when C ．after D ．because
10 ．A ．hope B ．life C ．beauty D ．harvest
三、阅读理解
1
Do you ever go to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (青藏高原) The weather there changes (变化) a lot in summer. You can experience “four seasons” in just one day. What is it like Let’s take a look.
“Spring” morning
The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is very high. In the early morning, it’s cool. After the sun comes out, it becomes warm, like spring. It’s a good time to take a walk.
“Summer” noon
At noon, it’s sunny and hot. You might feel like it’s summer. The sunlight is so strong that you might want to wear a pair of sunglasses. Sometimes, it rains but the rain doesn’t last long. If you are lucky enough, you might see rainbows.
“Autumn” afternoon
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In the afternoon, the temperature goes down quickly, especially (尤其) after the sun goes down. It’s cool, just like in autumn. People have to put on warm clothes.
“Winter” night
Late at night, it gets cold, like winter. People usually sleep with a thick quilt. The rainy season is from June to September each year. It often rains at night.
11．The weather in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau changes a lot in ______.
A ．summer B ．spring C ．autumn D ．winter
12 ．What’s the weather like in the early morning in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
A ．It’s hot. B ．It’s cool. C ．It’s warm. D ．It’s cold.
13 ．In which month does the rainy season end
A ．June. B ．July. C ．August. D ．September.
14 ．When do you want to wear a pair of sunglasses according to the passage
A ．It rains. B ．The sun comes out. C ．The sun goes down. D ．The sunlight is strong.
15 ．Where is this passage probably from
A ．A letter. B ．A newspaper. C ．A travel guidebook. D ．A story book.
2
There are many lakes in China. Today, let’s learn something about lakes.
Lake Tai: It is a freshwater lake in Jiangsu. There is a Fishing Festival every year. Fishing lovers go to Lake Tai to fish and enjoy the fishing. It is a really good place for fishing.
Qiandao lake: It is a clear freshwater lake with beautiful hills and great forests. There are many kinds of fish in the lake. You can’t see some of them in other places in China.
Yangcheng Lake: It is between Lake Tai and the Yangtze River. It is a freshwater lake and is well-known（著名的）for one of its products（产品）—Chinese mitten crabs, a kind of Chinese crab.
Baiyun lake: It is a man-made lake. People built（建造）it in the city. In summer, the wind is pleasant. It’s a good place to go fishing and spend a holiday in summer.
16 ．If you are a fishing lover, you can go to ________ for the Fishing Festival.
A ．Lake Tai B ．Qiandao Lake C ．Yangcheng lake D ．Baiyun Lake
17 ．Baiyun lake is different from the other three lakes, because ________.
A ．there are many kinds of fish in it B ．it is famous for Chinese mitten crabs
C ．it is a man-made lake D ．it is a good place for fishing
18 ．The passage probably comes from ________.
A ．a storybook B ．a newspaper C ．an art magazine D ．a geography book
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3
In the sea there are many islands(岛). In its warm waters, there are some little ones. We call them coral（珊瑚)islands. A coral island is very nice to look at. It looks like a ring of land with trees, grass, and flowers on it. One part of the ring is open to the water.
There is a little round lake inside the island. If you look into this lake, you will see beautiful coral. You may think they are flowers.
If you look at a piece of coral, you will see many little holes(洞) in it. In each of these holes a very
small sea animal has lived. These sea animals make the coral.
They began to build under the water. Year after year, the coral grew higher and higher. At last it grew out of the water.
Then the sea brought to it small trees and something else. After some years, these things changed into earth. Sometimes the wind brought seeds( 种 子) to this earth. Sometimes birds flew over it and brought seeds to the island. The little seeds grew. In a few years, there were plants all over the island. In a few more years there were trees growing there.
So, you see, these islands were built little by little. The workers were very small. Don’t they teach us a lesson Can you think what the lesson is
19 ．A coral island looks like ______.
A ．a round cake B ．trees, grass and flowers
C ．a ring of land D ．a round lake
20 ．There are ______ in the holes in corals.
A ．flowers B ．little corals C ．grass D ．sea animals
21 ．How did seeds of trees, grass and flowers come to the coral islands
A ．The wind and birds brought them there. B ．Only the wind brought them there.
C ．People brought them there. D ．Fishes brought them there.
22 ．From the story we learn that ______.
A ．small workers can't do big things B ．only big workers can do big things
C ．small workers can also do big things D ．all small things can do things
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参考答案
【拓展练习】单项选择
1. B
【解析】句意：你越小心，麻烦就越少。
考查形容词和副词的比较级。carefully 仔细地；careful 仔细的；fewer 不多的；less 较少的。根据“…you are, …trouble you will have.”可知，句子为 The+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子，意为“越 … …，
越 … …” 。第一空应用形容词 careful 用来修饰 you ，第二空后trouble 是不可数名词，应用 less ，即little 的比较级来修饰。故选 B。
2. A
【解析】句意：庆都山很受欢迎，一年又一年，越来越多的游客来参观。
考查比较级的用法。more and more 越来越多；fewer and fewer 越来越少；less and less 越来越少；
more or less 或多或少。根据“Qingdu Mountain is very popular”可知，庆都山很受欢迎，所以此处是指越来越多的游客来庆都山参观。故选 A。
3. B
【解析】句意：Darren 只有 12 岁，但他比他妈妈高。
考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，空处用形容词的比较级。故选 B。
4. D
【解析】句意：哈尔滨成为去年冬天最受欢迎的旅游地之一。
考查形容词最高级。popular 受欢迎的，形容词原级；more popular 更受欢迎的；less popular 更少受欢迎的；the most popular 最受欢迎的。分析句子结构可知，此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构，表示“最 … …之一” 。故选 D。
5. B
【解析】句意：琳达，我们班里最好的学生之一，上学从来不迟到。
考查形容词最高级。one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数＋范围：表示“最 … …之一”，B 选项是形容词最高级，且前面有定冠词 the ，后接可数名词复数，故选 B。
6. B
【解析】句意：你能告诉我最近的邮局怎么走吗？
考查最高级。nearly 几乎；nearest 最近的；near 近的；nearby 附近的。根据语境以及空前的定冠词the 可知此处用形容词最高级，故选 B。
7. A
【解析】句意：我们取得了学校最好的成绩，我们真的很高兴。
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考查形容词辨析及其最高级用法。best 最好的，最高级；good 好的，原级；bad 坏的，原级；worse更坏的，比较级。根据“we are really happy”可知应是取得好成绩，而由定冠词“the”和“in the school”可知应用形容词最高级，故选 A。
8. A
【解析】句意：南京不像上海那样大。但是，它是华东地区的第二大城市。
考查形容词的原级和最高级。as 像；like 像；largest 最大的；larger 更大的；large 大的。根据“isn’t as large”可知此处应用“A+动词+not+so/as+形容词原级+as+B”表示“A 不如 B” ，因此第一空应填 as；根据“in East China”可知这是此在一定范围内进行比较，且名词 city 前有序数词修饰，因此此处应用形容词 large 的最高级 largest ，the second largest city 意为“第二大城市” 。常出现在介绍地理知识中。故选 A。
9. D
【解析】 句意：——你想买哪个，红色的、白色的还是黑色的？——我想买其中最便宜的一个。考查形容词最高级。根据“the red one, the white one or the black one”可知，此处范围为三者，在其中选择最便宜的，使用形容词最高级，最高级前需要使用定冠词 the 。故选 D。
10. D
【解析】句意：现在我们城市的空气比过去差多了。必须去做点事情来阻止它。
考查比较级。根据“Something must be done to stop it.”可知空气变得更糟，且根据 than 可知应用 bad比较级 worse ，比较级之前可以用 even 修饰。故选 D。
第一部分 词汇默写
序号 词义和词性 单词
1 n. 高原 plateau
2 n. 云 cloud
3 adj. 柔软的 soft
4 adv. 明亮地 brightly
5 n. 莲花 (图案) ，荷花 (图案) lotus
6 n. 天 ，天空 sky
7 adj. 镇静的，沉着的； 心平气和的 calm
8 prep. 在 ( … …) 上方 above
9 v. 表达； 表示； 表现 express
10 n. 草原 grassland
11 n. 田地， 田野 field
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12 adj. 很少 ，不多 few
13 n. 礼物，赠品 present
14 adj. 自豪的 ，得意的 proud
15 adj. 可能的； 可能发生的； 可 能属实的 likely
16 adj. 地方性的，当地 (本 地) 的 local
17 n. (服装、家具、设备 等的) 设计师，设计者 designer
18 n. 指南，指导手册 guide
19 v. 描述，描写 describe
20 n. (陆上的) 风景 ，景 致，景色 landscape
21 adj. 常见的 ，普遍的 common
22 n. (书面缩写为 Mt)(用 作山名的一部分) … … 山， … … 峰 Mount
23 n. 海潮，潮汐 tide
24 n. 展览 (会) exhibition
25 n. 参观，游览 tour
26 n. 肺鱼 lungfish
27 n. 肺 lung
28 n. 科学家 scientist
29 n. 行为，举止 behaviour
30 n. 陆地 land
31 adv. 出声地 aloud
32 adj. 咸的，含盐的 salty
33 v. 躺，平卧 lie
34 n. 表面 ，面 surface
35 n. 水平高度； 相对高度 level
36 det. 不那么多，更 (较) 少 less
37 v. 暗示，暗指 suggest
38 诸如，例如 such as
39 n. 蛇 snake
40 n. 木头； 木材，木料 wood
41 v. 消失，不见 disappear
42 n. 冰川 glacier
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43 adj. 国家的，全国性的 national
第二部分 拓展练习
一、
1. plateaus
【解析】many 修饰可数名词复数，plateau 的复数形式是 plateaus 。
2. cloudy
【解析】形容词作定语，修饰 day ，cloud 的形容词形式是 cloudy。
3. softly
【解析】副词修饰动词 held ，soft 的副词形式是 softly。
4. bright
【解析】此处需要形容词作表语，brightly 的形容词形式是 bright。
5. lotuses
【解析】根据 are 可知主语是复数，lotus 的复数形式是 lotuses 。
6. sky
【解析】 sky 作“天空”讲时是不可数名词。
7. calmly
【解析】副词修饰动词 answered ，calm 的副词形式是 calmly。
8. expression
【解析】an 后接名词，express 的名词形式是 expression 。
9. grass
【解析】grass 作“草地”时是不可数名词。
10. fields
【解析】根据 are 可知是多个田地，field 的复数形式是 fields 。
11. fewer
【解析】even 修饰比较级，few 的比较级是 fewer 。
16. locally
【解析】副词修饰动词 made ，local 的副词形式是 locally。
17. designer
【解析】a 后接名词，这里表示服装设计师。
18. guided
【解析】被动语态，be + 过去分词，guide 的过去分词是 guided。
19. description
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【解析】a 后接名词，describe 的名词形式是 description 。
20. landscapes
【解析】根据 are 可知是复数，landscape 的复数形式是 landscapes。
21. commonly
【解析】副词修饰动词 used ，common 的副词形式是 commonly。
22. Mounts
【解析】 several 修饰可数名词复数，Mount 作山名时复数形式是 Mounts 。
23. tides
【解析】根据 are 可知是复数，tide 的复数形式是 tides 。
24. exhibits
【解析】主语 museum 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式，exhibition 的 动词形式 exhibit的三单是 exhibits 。
25. tourists
【解析】many 修饰可数名词复数，tour 的名词形式 tourist 的复数是 tourists 。
26. lungfish
【解析】这里是指肺鱼这种生物，单复数同形。
27. lungs
【解析】lung 是可数名词，这里用复数表示泛指肺部。
28. scientist
【解析】a 后接名词，scientist 表示科学家。
29. behaviour
【解析】这里指行为，不可数名词。
30. landed
【解析】根据句意是一般过去时，land 的过去式是 landed。
31. loudly
【解析】as...as 中间用副词原级，aloud 的副词形式是 loudly ，修饰 read。
32. salty
【解析】too 后接形容词原级，salty 表示“咸的”。
33. lying
【解析】There be sb./sth. doing sth. 表示“有某人/某物正在做某事” ，lie 的现在 分词是 lying。
34. surfaces
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【解析】根据 be 动词 is 可知主语是单数或不可数，但这里根据语境水的 表面不止一处，用surface 的复数形式 surfaces 。
35. levels
【解析】different 后接可数名词复数，level 的复数形式是 levels 。
36. little
【解析】less 是比较级，这里没有比较含义，用 little 的原级。
37. suggestion
【解析】a 后接名词，suggest 的名词形式是 suggestion 。
38. snakes
【解析】 snake 是可数名词，这里没有特指，用复数形式表示类别。
39. wooden
【解析】这里需要形容词作定语，wood 的形容词形式是 wooden 。
40. appeared
【解析】根据 millions of years ago 可知是一般过去时，disappear 的反义词 appear 的过去式是appeared。
二、
1 ．C 2 ．D 3 ．B 4 ．A 5 ．D 6 ．B 7 ．C 8 ．B 9 ．D 10 ．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个老人让他的四个儿子在不同的季节去看同一棵梨树，结果四个儿子观察到的现象是完全不一样的，说明看事物要看全面，不能只看片面。
1 ．句意：他希望他的儿子们能学会不要太快下结论。
slowly 慢慢地；carefully 小心地；quickly 迅速地； clearly 清晰地。通过下文可知这个人让四个儿子轮番去看同一颗梨树，以及最后他给出的结论，可知这个人是希望他的儿子们能学会不要太快下结论。故选 C。
2 ．句意：大儿子在冬天出去了，二儿子春天去了，三儿子在夏天去了，小儿子则在秋天去了。
biggest 最大的；smallest 最小的；oldest 最年老的；youngest 最年幼的。根据句中的“The eldest son”、 “the second”和“the third”可知，此处指最年幼的儿子。故选 D。
3 ．句意：当他们都回家后，他把他们叫到一起，让他们描述他们所看到的一切。
decide 决定；describe 描述；discuss 讨论；draw 画。根据下文四个儿子对那颗梨树的描绘和形容，可知这里指的是让他们描述他们所看到的一切。故选 B。
4 ．句意：大儿子说这棵树很丑，而且树上什么也没有。
nothing 什么也没有；everything 每件事情；anything 任何事情；something 一些事情。根据上文“the tree was ugly” ，可知是树很丑，说明树上什么也没有。故选 A。
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5 ．句意：二儿子说，树上长满了绿芽，充满了希望。
white 白色的；yellow 黄色的；red 红色的；green 绿色的。根据空格后的“buds”可知此处表达的是“绿芽”green buds 。故选 D。
6 ．句意：第三个儿子和他两个哥哥的想法不同，他说树上开满了花。
with 和 ……一起；as 像；like 像；to 到。have the same idea as sb“和某人有相同的想法” 。故选 B。
7 ．句意：第三个儿子和他两个哥哥的想法不同，他说树上开满了花。
buds 芽；leaves 树叶；flowers 花；pears 梨。根据下文“He said they smelled sweet and looked beautiful.”可知是树上开满了鲜花，花朵闻起来很香，看起来很漂亮。故选 C。
8 ．句意：小儿子不同意他们的看法，他说树上结满了果子，整棵树充满了生机。
in 在 … …里面；on 在 … …上面； at 在；under 在 … … 下面。表示树上结满果子应用介词 on 。故选B。
9．句意：这个人告诉他的儿子们，他们都是正确的，因为他们每个人只在一个季节里看到这棵树。 if 如果；when 当 … … 时候；after 在 … …之后；because 因为。根据上文“The man told his sons that they were all right”以及空格后的“each of them only saw the tree during one season.”可知前后句表示因果 关系，后一句是前一句的原因，所以用because 来引导原因状语从句。故选 D。
10 ．句意：如果你在寒冷的冬天放弃，你就会错过人生中春天的希望、夏天的美丽和秋天的收获。 hope 希望；life 生活；beauty 美丽；harvest 收获。根据常识可知秋天是收获的季节。故选 D。
三、
1
11．A 12 ．B 13 ．D 14 ．D 15 ．C
【解析】本文介绍了青藏高原在夏天的天气变化很大，你可以在一天内体验“四季”。
11．细节理解题。根据“The weather there changes (变化) a lot in summer.”可知，青藏高原的天气在夏季变化很大，故选 A。
12．细节理解题。根据“In the early morning, it’s cool.”可知，在青藏高原的清晨天气非常凉爽，故选B。
13 ．细节理解题。根据“The rainy season is from June to September each year.”可知，雨季从六月到九月，因此雨季是在九月结束，故选 D。
14．细节理解题。根据“The sunlight is so strong that you might want to wear a pair of sunglasses.”可知，当阳光非常强烈的时候，你想戴一副太阳镜，故选 D。
15 ．推理判断题。根据“Do you ever go to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (青藏高原) The weather there changes (变化) a lot in summer. You can experience ‘four seasons ’ in just one day. What is it like Let’s take a look.”可知，本文介绍了青藏高原的天气，因此可能摘自旅游指南，故选 C。
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2
16 ．A 17 ．C 18 ．D
【解析】本文章介绍了中国的四个著名湖泊——太湖、千岛湖、阳澄湖和白云湖。
16 ．细节理解题。根据“There is a Fishing Festival every year. Fishing lovers go to Lake Tai to fish and enjoy the fishing.”可知，可以去太湖钓鱼，那里有开渔节。故选 A。
17 ．细节理解题。根据“Baiyun lake: It is a man-made lake.”可知，白云湖是人工湖，其他三个都是自然湖。故选 C。
18 ．推理判断题。根据“There are many lakes in China. Today, let’s learn something about lakes.”可知，这篇文章介绍了中国的几个著名湖泊，由此可推测文章可能来自一本地理书。故选 D。
3
19 ．C 20 ．D 21 ．A 22 ．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了珊瑚岛的生存环境，外形以及它是如何形成的。通过珊瑚岛的形成告诉我们：这些工人们虽然渺小，但是经过多年的努力与坚持，也能成就大事。
19．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It looks like a ring of land with trees, grass, and flowers on it.”可知，珊瑚岛看起来像一个有树木，花和草的环形土地。故选 C。
20 ．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In each of these holes a very small sea animal has lived. These sea animals make the coral.”可知，在每个孔里生活着很小的海洋动物。这些动物创造了珊瑚。故选 D。
21 ．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Sometimes the wind brought seeds(种子) to this earth. Sometimes birds flew over it and brought seeds to the island.”可知，风和一些鸟儿把种子带到这块土地上。故选A。
22 ．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So, you see, these islands were built little by little. The workers were very small.”可知，这个珊瑚岛是由这些非常小的工人们逐步创造起来的。文章告诉我们，即使是很渺小的事物，也可以成就大的事情。故选 C。
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