2026沪教牛津版广州英语中考阅读理解专题突破原题 +课件（答案解析 生词积累 长难句分析）

2026广州英语中考专题突破阅读理解
——人与自然时文热点 说明文+记叙文
拓展阅读题4篇 1原文+答案解析+生词积累+长难句分析
01 话题：“世界湿地日”的重要影响
Do you know World Wetlands Day It falls on February 2nd every year and we welcomed the 29th World Wetlands Day this year, with the theme (主题) Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future.
Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil or is present either at or near the surface of the soil for different periods during the year. They are really important for a large number of reasons that you might not realize.
Wetlands, along with oceans and forests, are known as the three major ecosystems of the Earth. There are different types of wetlands. We have got things like rivers, ponds and lakes. And wetlands support various wildlife. As a matter of fact, 50% of the world’s plants and animals depend on wetlands.
Wetlands act like sponges (海绵), soaking up (吸收) water and also carbon from the air. The plants in wetlands soak up climate - changing gases as they grow. Then when the plants die, they sink into mud, catching carbon instead of letting it all returning to the air. This can help to reduce the greenhouse effect.
Wetlands also play an important role in the water cycle. They can store lots of water during heavy rainfall, reducing floods (洪水) in downstream areas. Then the water will flow back into rivers and streams slowly.
Unfortunately, we have actually lost nearly 90% of the wetlands in the last 100 years, three times faster than forests. Do you know why It’s things like pollution, climate change and human activities. Wetlands are important to everything, and we need to take actions to protect them.
How does the writer lead in the topic
A. By comparing.
B. By asking a question.
C. By telling a story.
D. By giving an example.
2. Which picture shows the function of wetlands mentioned in Paragraph 3
What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Mud.
B. Air.
C. Water.
D. Carbon.
What’s the best title of the text
A. A Climate Hero
B. A Polluted Planet
C. The Home for Wildlife
D. The Guard of the Earth
4. What might the writer continue talking about
A. The types of wetlands.
B. The functions of wetlands.
C. The protection of wetlands.
D. The importance of wetlands.
题目答案及解析：
How does the writer lead in the topic
答案：B
解析：文章开头以“Do you know World Wetlands Day ”这样一个问题来引出关于世界湿地日以及湿地的话题，A选项“By comparing（通过比较）”，文中开头没有比较；C选项“By telling a story（通过讲故事）”，开头没有讲故事；D选项“By giving an example（通过举例子）”，开头也没有举例子，所以是通过提问引出话题，选B。
Which picture shows the function of wetlands mentioned in Paragraph 3
答案：A
解析：第三段主要讲湿地是地球三大生态系统之一，有不同的类型，并且支持各种野生动物，世界上50%的植物和动物依赖湿地。A选项的图片显示了很多动植物，能体现湿地支持各种野生动物的功能；B选项是关于降雨的，和第三段内容无关；C选项是一盆植物，不能体现湿地对野生动物的支持；D选项是关于划船等水上活动，和第三段湿地支持野生动物的功能无关，所以选A。
What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to
答案：D
解析：第四段中“Then when the plants die, they sink into mud, catching carbon instead of letting it all returning to the air.”，根据前文“The plants in wetlands soak up climate - changing gases as they grow.”以及“catching carbon”，这里的“it”指代的是“carbon（碳）”，A选项“Mud（泥）”不符合；B选项“Air（空气）”不符合；C选项“Water（水）”也不符合，所以选D。
What’s the best title of the text
答案：D
解析：文章主要介绍了湿地的相关知识，包括世界湿地日、湿地的定义、湿地是地球三大生态系统之一、湿地的功能（吸收水和碳、在水循环中的作用等）以及湿地面临的威胁和需要保护的内容，D选项“The Guard of the Earth（地球的守护者）”能很好地概括湿地的重要作用，A选项“A Climate Hero（气候英雄）”，文章不只是讲湿地对气候的作用；B选项“A Polluted Planet（被污染的星球）”，文章重点不是讲星球被污染；C选项“The Home for Wildlife（野生动物的家园）”，虽然湿地是野生动物的家园，但文章还讲了湿地的其他功能和重要性，D选项更全面，所以选D。
What might the writer continue talking about
答案：A
解析：文章最后提到湿地面临污染、气候变化和人类活动等威胁，需要采取行动保护湿地，接下来作者可能会继续谈论保护湿地的措施，B选项“湿地的功能”，文章已经介绍了湿地的功能；C选项“湿地的保护”，文章最后才提到需要保护，接下来应该具体讲保护措施；D选项“湿地的重要性”，文章已经阐述了湿地的重要性，所以选A。
一、生词整理：
表格
英文单词 词性 中文意思 用法或短语拓展
wetland n. 湿地 World Wetlands Day 世界湿地日；wetland ecosystem 湿地生态系统
theme n. 主题；题目 the theme of... ……的主题；theme song 主题曲
ecosystem n. 生态系统 major ecosystem 主要生态系统；forest ecosystem 森林生态系统
pond n. 池塘 a small pond 一个小池塘；pond water 池塘水
wildlife n. 野生动植物 protect wildlife 保护野生动植物；wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区
depend on phr. v. 依靠；依赖 depend on sb./sth. 依靠某人/某物；Children depend on their parents. 孩子依赖父母。
sponge n. 海绵 act like a sponge 像海绵一样；sponge cake 海绵蛋糕
soak up phr. v. 吸收；吸掉 soak up water 吸水；soak up knowledge 吸收知识
carbon n. 碳 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳；carbon footprint 碳足迹
climate - changing adj. 改变气候的 climate - changing gases 改变气候的气体
greenhouse effect phr. n. 温室效应 reduce the greenhouse effect 减少温室效应
water cycle phr. n. 水循环 play a role in the water cycle 在水循环中起作用
heavy rainfall phr. n. 强降雨 during heavy rainfall 在强降雨期间
downstream adj. 下游的 downstream areas 下游地区
unfortunately adv. 不幸地是 Unfortunately, he failed the exam. 不幸的是，他考试失败了。
nearly adv. 几乎；将近 nearly 90% 将近90%；nearly finish 几乎完成
three times phr. adv. 三倍 three times faster 快三倍；three times as much 多三倍
pollution n. 污染 air pollution 空气污染；pollution problem 污染问题
human activity phr. n. 人类活动 human activities affect the environment. 人类活动影响环境。
take action phr. v. 采取行动 take actions to protect wetlands 采取行动保护湿地
二、长难句整理与分析：
1. Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil or is present either at or near the surface of the soil for different periods during the year.
句子结构：主句是 Wetlands are areas，“where”引导定语从句修饰 areas，从句中“either...or...”连接两个并列的谓语部分 covers the soil 和 is present...，“for different periods during the year”是时间状语。
中文翻译：湿地是指一年中不同时期，水覆盖土壤或存在于土壤表面或土壤表面附近的区域。
语法分析：定语从句 where water covers... 用来具体说明“湿地（areas）”的定义；“either at or near the surface”表示“要么在土壤表面，要么在土壤表面附近”。
2. They are really important for a large number of reasons that you might not realize.
句子结构：主句是 They are really important...，“that”引导定语从句修饰 reasons，从句中 you might not realize 是对 reasons 的补充说明。
中文翻译：它们真的很重要，原因有很多，而你可能并没有意识到这些原因。
语法分析：“a large number of”修饰可数名词复数 reasons，表示“大量的；许多的”；定语从句 that you might not realize 省略了关系代词 that（在从句中作宾语），补充说明“原因（reasons）”是你没意识到的。
3. The plants in wetlands soak up climate - changing gases as they grow. Then when the plants die, they sink into mud, catching carbon instead of letting it all returning to the air.
句子结构：第一个句子中，“as”引导时间状语从句 as they grow；第二个句子中，“when”引导时间状语从句 when the plants die，“catching...”是现在分词短语作伴随状语，“instead of”是介词短语，后面接动名词 letting。
中文翻译：湿地中的植物在生长过程中会吸收改变气候的气体。然后，当植物死亡时，它们会沉入泥中，（这样）碳就被固定住，而不是全部回到空气中。
语法分析：“instead of”表示“代替；而不是”，后面接动名词形式，这里 letting it all return to the air 中，“let”的用法是 let sb./sth. do sth.（让某人/某物做某事），所以用 return（动词原形）。
4. Unfortunately, we have actually lost nearly 90% of the wetlands in the last 100 years, three times faster than forests.
句子结构：主句是 we have actually lost...，“in the last 100 years”是时间状语，“three times faster than forests”是比较状语，用来补充说明湿地消失的速度。
中文翻译：不幸的是，在过去的100年里，我们实际上已经失去了将近90%的湿地，（湿地消失的）速度是森林的三倍。
语法分析：“three times faster than...”是“倍数 + 比较级 + than...”的结构，表示“比……快几倍”；“in the last 100 years”常与现在完成时（have lost）连用，强调从过去到现在的时间段内的动作或状态。
02 话题：敦煌景区推出旅游旺季的垃圾管理
“Reduce, reuse, recycle,” these are the three Rs that environmental activists have stressed. But how can we realize them Recently, this idea came to life in China in a clever way in a famous scenic spot (风景区) in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Gansu Province.
With the arrival of the tourist season, the scenic spot has been crowded with visitors around 20,000 a day since July. With so many people, the challenge of managing waste has become more serious, putting cleaners under pressure. So, the scenic spot came up with a fun way to help: “Trash hunt for gifts.” Here’s how it works: Visitors are given trash bags and encouraged to pick up litter around the site (地点). In return, they get small gifts showing Dunhuang’s rich culture.
Isn’t this another good form of the three Rs spirit I still remember going to some scenic spots, especially historical sites where people gather in a small area. At these places littering is something we always have to try hard to deal with. Not only does it influence the cleanliness of a site, but it is also likely to harm the natural environment. So, when I saw how the “Trash hunt for gifts” program was carried out, it was clear this way was more than just a trick to attract attention. It was truly an effort to encourage a culture of responsibility and care. The activity does more than just cleaning up the area. It turns every visitor into an environmental guard, actively taking part in protecting the beauty of the site.
★ Other places in China are also doing similar things. It’s great to see that tourists are not just enjoying the sights, but also helping to protect them. Turning tourists into environmental guards is a new and exciting way to keep our scenic spots clean and beautiful for everyone to enjoy. It’s a reminder that while we enjoy the beauty around us, we also have the power to protect it.
In which picture can we see “Trash hunt for gifts”
How do visitors take part in “Trash hunt for gifts”
A. By buying trash bags. B. By picking up trash.
C. By giving out gifts. D. By spreading Dunhuang culture.
3. From the passage, we can know that “Trash hunt for gifts” program ____.
A. was started by visitors in Dunhuang B. was aimed at drawing public attention
C. forced visitors to clean up the spots D. helped to make it easier for cleaners
4. Which of the following can be put in ★
A. The idea is spreading B. People love the gifts
C. Dunhuang becomes more attractive D. Visitors become more active
5. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To explain what the three Rs are. B. To show how to face challenges during the trip.
C. To introduce a new way of travelling. D. To encourage people to be guardians of nature.
答案解析：
答案：（需结合选项图片内容判断，根据文中“Visitors are given trash bags and encouraged to pick up litter around the site”，应找展示游客拿着垃圾袋捡垃圾的图片。）
解析：文中提到“Trash hunt for gifts”活动是游客被给予垃圾袋并被鼓励在景点周围捡垃圾，所以要找符合“游客拿垃圾袋捡垃圾”场景的图片。
答案：B
解析：根据文中“Visitors are given trash bags and encouraged to pick up litter around the site”可知，游客通过捡垃圾来参与“Trash hunt for gifts”活动。A选项文中未提及游客买垃圾袋；C选项是游客得到礼物而非给出礼物；D选项游客是得到展示敦煌文化的小礼物，不是传播敦煌文化。所以选B。
答案：D
解析：A选项，根据文中“the scenic spot came up with a fun way to help”，可知活动是景区发起的，不是游客发起的，A错误；B选项，文中说“it was clear this way was more than just a trick to attract attention”，说明活动目的不只是吸引公众注意，B错误；C选项，文中是鼓励游客捡垃圾，不是强迫，C错误；D选项，因为游客参与捡垃圾，所以减轻了清洁工的压力，使清洁工的工作更容易，D正确。
答案：A
解析：根据后文“Other places in China are also doing similar things”，可知这个想法在传播，其他中国地方也在做类似的事情。B选项文中未提及人们喜欢礼物；C选项文中未提及敦煌变得更有吸引力；D选项文中未提及游客变得更积极。所以选A。
答案：D
解析：A选项，文中只是提到“Reduce, reuse, recycle”这三个R，不是文章目的；B选项，文中不是讲如何面对旅行中的挑战；C选项，文章不是介绍新的旅行方式；D选项，文章通过介绍敦煌的“Trash hunt for gifts”活动，鼓励人们成为自然的守护者，参与保护环境，所以选D。
一、生词整理：
英文单词/短语 词性 中文意思 用法或短语拓展
trash n. 垃圾；废物 pick up trash 捡垃圾；take out the trash 倒垃圾
hunt n. & v. 搜寻；打猎 trash hunt 垃圾搜寻；go hunting 去打猎
gift n. 礼物 get a gift 得到礼物；gift shop 礼品店
scenic spot phr. n. 风景区；景点 famous scenic spot 著名景点；visit a scenic spot 参观景点
litter n. & v. 垃圾；乱扔垃圾 pick up litter 捡垃圾；litter on the ground 在地上乱扔垃圾
environmental adj. 环境的 environmental protection 环境保护；environmental problem 环境问题
activist n. 活动家；积极分子 environmental activist 环保活动家；human rights activist 人权活动家
stress v. 强调；重视 stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性；be stressed out 有压力的
reduce v. 减少；降低 reduce waste 减少浪费；reduce the cost 降低成本
reuse v. 再利用；重新使用 reuse the bottle 重新使用瓶子；reuse old clothes 旧衣再利用
recycle v. 回收利用；循环使用 recycle paper 回收纸张；recycle plastic 回收塑料
tourist season phr. n. 旅游旺季 during the tourist season 在旅游旺季；peak tourist season 旅游高峰季
crowded adj. 拥挤的 be crowded with... 挤满……；a crowded bus 拥挤的公交车
waste n. & v. 浪费；废物 manage waste 管理废物；a waste of time 浪费时间
challenge n. & v. 挑战 face a challenge 面对挑战；challenging task 有挑战性的任务
cleaner n. 清洁工 the cleaners work hard 清洁工工作努力；street cleaner 街道清洁工
pressure n. 压力 under pressure 在压力下；put pressure on sb. 给某人施压
come up with phr. v. 提出；想出 come up with an idea 想出一个主意；come up with a solution 提出解决方案
in return phr. adv. 作为回报 in return for... 作为……的回报；give sb. a gift in return 回赠某人礼物
culture n. 文化 rich culture 丰富的文化；Chinese culture 中国文化
spirit n. 精神 the spirit of... ……的精神；team spirit 团队精神
historical adj. 历史的；有关历史的 historical site 历史遗迹；historical story 历史故事
gather v. 聚集；收集 people gather 人们聚集；gather information 收集信息
littering n. 乱扔垃圾（的行为） stop littering 停止乱扔垃圾；littering problem 乱扔垃圾问题
influence v. & n. 影响 influence the environment 影响环境；have an influence on... 对……有影响
cleanliness n. 清洁；干净 the cleanliness of... ……的清洁度；keep cleanliness 保持清洁
harm v. & n. 伤害；损害 harm the environment 损害环境；do harm to... 对……有害
natural environment phr. n. 自然环境 protect the natural environment 保护自然环境
carry out phr. v. 实施；执行 carry out a program 实施一个项目；carry out a plan 执行计划
trick n. 诡计；诀窍 more than a trick 不只是一个诡计；play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
attract v. 吸引 attract attention 吸引注意；attract tourists 吸引游客
attention n. 注意；关注 pay attention to... 注意……；draw attention 吸引关注
effort n. 努力 make an effort 做出努力；with great effort 费了很大劲
encourage v. 鼓励；促进 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；encourage a culture 促进一种文化
responsibility n. 责任 a sense of responsibility 责任感；take responsibility 承担责任
care n. & v. 关心；照顾 show care 表现出关心；take care of... 照顾……
guard n. & v. 守卫；看守 environmental guard 环境卫士；guard against... 防范……
actively adv. 积极地；活跃地 actively participate 积极参与；actively protect 积极保护
similar adj. 相似的；类似的 similar things 类似的事情；be similar to... 与……相似
sight n. 风景；景象 enjoy the sights 欣赏风景；tourist sights 旅游景点
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的；刺激的 an exciting way 一种令人兴奋的方式；exciting news 令人兴奋的消息
reminder n. 提醒物；提示 a reminder of... ……的提醒；set a reminder 设置提醒
power n. 力量；能力 have the power to do sth. 有做某事的能力；the power of nature 自然的力量
二、长难句整理与分析：
句子：With so many people, the challenge of managing waste has become more serious, putting cleaners under pressure.
分析：
结构：“With so many people” 是with复合结构作状语，表示伴随情况；“the challenge of managing waste” 是主语，“has become” 是系动词，“more serious” 是表语；“putting cleaners under pressure” 是现在分词短语作结果状语，说明“垃圾管理挑战更严峻”带来的结果是“让清洁工面临压力”。
翻译：有这么多人，垃圾管理的挑战变得更加严峻，这让清洁工们承受着压力。
句子：It was truly an effort to encourage a culture of responsibility and care.
分析：
结构：“It” 是形式主语，真正的主语是“to encourage a culture of responsibility and care”；“was” 是系动词，“truly” 是副词修饰系动词，“an effort” 是表语。
翻译：这确实是一项旨在鼓励责任与关爱文化的努力。
句子：It’s a reminder that while we enjoy the beauty around us, we also have the power to protect it.
分析：
结构：“It” 是形式主语，“is” 是系动词，“a reminder” 是表语；“that while we enjoy the beauty around us, we also have the power to protect it” 是同位语从句，解释说明“reminder”的具体内容；同位语从句中又包含一个while引导的时间状语从句“while we enjoy the beauty around us”。
翻译：它提醒我们，当我们在享受身边美景的同时，也有能力去保护它。
03 话题：Amy和Tom一起制作海报帮助动物们的故事
Amy and Tom were best friends. They were making a cool poster (海报) to help their neighborhood animal shelter (收容所). They wanted to help the cats and dogs find homes. Though they spent a lot of time and energy on it, they were not happy with their work.
Amy said, "I think we should design a poster that is full of warmth and love, which will attract more people to take animals home or give away money."
Tom replied, "But I think the poster should be really easy to understand, so everyone knows why the shelter is important. If we just talk about warmth and love, people will not think it's important to help."
They didn't agree with each other and began to argue. As a result, their friendship suffered (变差).
But everything changed when they went to see the animals in the shelter. They saw the cute little dogs and cats that were waiting for a warm home. They knew they needed to tell everyone about these animals.
Amy said to Tom, "I know your idea makes sense, but we can include the warmth and love of animal shelters. These animals need more people to care for and help them."
Tom replied, "You're right. We need to make a poster that is not only warm and loving, but also direct and powerful to express our thoughts. Let's make a poster that's both warm and to the point."
They worked on the poster again, and the shelter loved it.
The poster quickly went viral online, and lots of people shared the poster and visited the shelter, hoping to take a cute little animal home or giving things the shelter needs.
After all this, Amy and Tom became even closer friends. They realized that by sticking together and caring about the same thing, they could make something really special.
1. What caused the argument between Amy and Tom
A. Who they could turn to for help.
B. What the poster should look like.
C. What they could do to help animals.
D. Whether they really needed a poster.
What did Amy and Tom decide to do after visiting the shelter
A. To mix their ideas up.
B. To make a film instead.
C. To keep the animals as pets.
D. To help out at more shelters.
What does “went viral” probably mean in the text
A. Sold out.
B. Spread widely.
C. Changed fast.
D. Disappeared suddenly.
Why did people come to the shelter after seeing the poster
A. To take photographs.
B. To meet Amy and Tom.
C. To help the animals in their ways.
D. To volunteer as cleaners.
5.What would Amy and Tom probably agree with through the experience
A. Life is better with friends around.
B. Smiles are free, but they mean a lot.
C. Happiness is sharing a laugh with a friend.
D. Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much.
答案与解析：
1. What caused the argument between Amy and Tom
答案：B. What the poster should look like.
解析： 根据文章第三、四段可知，Amy 认为海报应该充满温暖和爱（warmth and love），而 Tom 认为海报应该简单易懂（easy to understand），强调收容所的重要性。两人对于海报的设计理念和呈现方式（即海报应该长什么样）意见不合，从而引发了争吵。
2. What did Amy and Tom decide to do after visiting the shelter
答案：A. To mix their ideas up.
解析： 参观收容所后，Amy 提议结合两人的想法（"we can include the warmth and love..."），Tom 也同意了，表示海报既要温暖又要直接有力（"not only warm and loving, but also direct and powerful"）。这说明他们决定融合（mix up）彼此的观点来重新制作海报。
3. What does "went viral" probably mean in the text
答案：B. Spread widely.
解析： 这是一个词义猜测题。文中提到海报在网上 "went viral"，紧接着说 "lots of people shared the poster and visited the shelter"（很多人分享了海报并参观了收容所）。这表明海报被广泛传播，因此 "went viral" 的意思是“迅速走红”或“广泛传播”。
4. Why did people come to the shelter after seeing the poster
答案：C. To help the animals in their ways.
解析： 文章倒数第二段提到，人们参观收容所是 "hoping to take a cute little animal home or giving things the shelter needs"（希望能带一只可爱的小动物回家，或者捐赠收容所需要的东西）。无论是领养还是捐赠物资，都是以自己的方式帮助动物。
5. What would Amy and Tom probably agree with through the experience
答案：D. Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much.
解析： 文章最后一段总结了他们的感悟："They realized that by sticking together and caring about the same thing, they could make something really special."（他们意识到，只要团结一心，关心同一件事，就能创造出非凡的成果）。这与选项 D “独木难支，众擎易举”（单枪匹马我们做得很少；在一起我们可以做很多）的含义最相符。
生词整理：
英文单词/短语 词性 中文意思 用法或短语拓展
poster n. 海报 make a poster 制作海报；a beautiful poster 一张漂亮的海报
shelter n. 收容所；遮蔽物 animal shelter 动物收容所；take shelter from the rain 避雨
neighbourhood n. 街区；邻近地区 in the neighbourhood 在附近；neighbourhood watch 邻里守望
warmth n. 温暖；热情 the warmth of the sun 太阳的温暖；with warmth 热情地
attract v. 吸引；引起……的注意 attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意；attract tourists 吸引游客
adopt v. 收养；采用 adopt a pet 收养宠物；adopt a new method 采用新方法
argue v. 争论；争吵 argue with sb. 和某人争吵；argue about sth. 争论某事
suffer v. 遭受；受苦 suffer from illness 患病；suffer a loss 遭受损失
shelter n. 收容所；庇护处 animal shelter 动物收容所；take shelter 避难
reply v. & n. 回答；答复 reply to sb. 回复某人；in reply 作为答复
powerful adj. 强大的；有力的 a powerful country 一个强大的国家；powerful influence 强大的影响
direct adj. & v. 直接的；指导 a direct answer 直接的回答；direct sb. to do sth. 指导某人做某事
point n. & v. 要点；指向 to the point 切中要害；point at 指向
viral adj. 病毒性的；迅速传播的 go viral 迅速传播；viral video 病毒式传播的视频
share v. & n. 分享；份额 share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物；a fair share 公平的份额
stick together phr. v. 团结在一起；坚持 stick together in times of trouble 患难与共；stick to one's dream 坚持梦想
special adj. 特别的；特殊的 a special gift 一份特别的礼物；special needs 特殊需求
长难句整理与分析：
句子：They were making a cool poster to help their neighbourhood animal shelter.
分析：本句是一个简单句，使用了“be + doing”的现在进行时结构，表示过去正在进行的动作。“to help their neighbourhood animal shelter”是动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语，说明制作海报的目的是帮助社区的动物收容所。
2. 句子：I think we should design a poster that is full of warmth and love, which will attract more people to take animals home or give away money.
分析：本句是一个复合句。主句是“I think...”，后面跟了一个省略了“that”的宾语从句“we should design a poster...”。在宾语从句中，“that is full of warmth and love”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“a poster”，“that”在从句中作主语；“which will attract more people to take animals home or give away money”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个宾语从句的内容，“which”在从句中作主语。“attract sb. to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“吸引某人做某事”。
3. 句子：If we just talk about warmth and love, people will not think it’s important to help.
分析：本句是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。“If we just talk about warmth and love”是条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。“people will not think...”是主句，其中“it’s important to help”是“think”的宾语从句，“it”是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式“to help”。
4. 句子：We need to make a poster that is not only warm and loving, but also direct and powerful to express our thoughts.
分析：本句是一个复合句。主句是“We need to make a poster”，“that is not only warm and loving, but also direct and powerful”是定语从句，修饰先行词“a poster”，“that”在从句中作主语。“not only...but also...”是固定短语，意为“不仅……而且……”，用于连接两个并列的形容词短语“warm and loving”和“direct and powerful”。“to express our thoughts”是动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语，说明制作海报的目的是表达他们的想法。
5. 句子：They realized that by sticking together and caring about the same thing, they could make something really special.
分析：本句是一个复合句。主句是“They realized...”，后面跟了一个由“that”引导的宾语从句“they could make something really special”。在宾语从句中，“by sticking together and caring about the same thing”是介词短语，在句中作方式状语，“by”是介词，后面跟了两个动名词短语“sticking together”和“caring about the same thing”，表示通过团结在一起并关心同一件事这种方式。
04 话题：机械工程师清理一个被污染的湖泊
After Anand Malligavad accidentally fell into a lake, he thought he might die. Not from drowning (溺水), but the strong, unpleasant smell. Like hundreds of other lakes in the southern Indian city of Bengaluru, the one Mr. Malligavad suddenly found himself in was a container for sewage (污水) and plastic waste. His unplanned dip happened one Friday in 2017, when Mr. Malligavad, a mechanical engineer, was on a walk with friends, discussing a problem, near his company.
Walking back home, he smelled so bad that a guard refused his entry into his own office. The next day, Mr. Malligavad made an unlikely proposal to his company: He would restore the 36-acre lake if it funded the project. To his bosses at Sansera Engineering, one of the largest automotive manufacturers in India, the idea seemed foolish. That Mr. Malligavad had no knowledge of lake management made it only more unconvincing. "They laughed at me," said Mr. Malligavad. "Everyone thought I was crazy."
But he didn't give up. Mr. Malligavad turned to the knowledge left behind in records from the Chola Dynasty that, starting about 1,500 years ago, ruled the surrounding Deccan Plateau for five centuries and built a self-sustaining network of irrigation lakes. After four months of studying the Chola methods—including how to trap silt (淤泥) using carved stones, which need no maintenance—he won a 100,000 corporate social responsibility fund from his company for the cleanup project. "Until I finished, they had no hope it would actually work," he said.
In 45 days, using a dozen excavators and hundreds of workers, Mr. Malligavad removed enormous amounts of mud, waste and plastic from Kyalasanahalli Lake. He opened its blocked channels, created five islands with the excavated mud and waited for the rains.
Six months later, after the rainy season, he was boating in the clean water of the lake, surrounded by ducks and migratory (迁徙) birds, with the same friends who had helped pull him out of the once-dirty spot.
1. What does paragraph 1 say about Mr. Malligavad
A. He fell into a lake when rescuing a friend.
B. He found a lake full of plastic waste by accident.
C. He had an argument with his friend near a lake.
D. He almost got drowned while swimming in a lake.
2. Why did Mr. Malligavad study the records from the Chola Dynasty
A. To gain information about the history of the dynasty.
B. To learn some knowledge of lake management.
C. To improve his stone-carving techniques.
D. To map the whole Deccan Plateau.
3. Which words can best describe Mr. Malligavad
A. Ambitious and independent.
B. Humble and innovative.
C. Enthusiastic and humorous.
D. Responsible and determined.
4. What is the message delivered in the last paragraph
A. The rainy season was key to the cleanup work.
B. The lake was an important habitat for migratory birds.
C. Malligavad's cleanup project was a complete success.
D. Malligavad was grateful to his friends who had saved him.
答案及解析：
1. 答案：B
解析： 细节理解题。
根据第一段第二句和第三句 "Not from drowning... but the strong, unpleasant smell... the one Mr. Malligavad suddenly found himself in was a container for sewage and plastic waste."（不是因为溺水……而是因为强烈难闻的气味……马利加瓦德先生突然发现自己身处其中的那个湖是一个污水和塑料垃圾的容器。）
文中提到他是意外掉进湖里的（accidentally fell into a lake），并不是为了救朋友（排除A），也没有提到和朋友争吵（排除C）。虽然掉进水里，但他担心的不是溺水（排除D）。
因此，他意外发现了一个充满塑料垃圾和污水的湖泊，选项 B 符合文意。
2. 答案：B
解析： 推理判断题。
根据第二段末尾提到老板认为他对 "lake management"（湖泊管理）一无所知，这让他很难说服老板。
接着第三段开头说 "But he didn't give up. Mr. Malligavad turned to the knowledge left behind in records from the Chola Dynasty..."（但他没有放弃。马利加瓦德先生转向研究朱罗王朝记录中留下的知识……）。
他研究这些古代记录是为了学习如何治理湖泊（如文中提到的拦截淤泥的方法），从而弥补自己缺乏湖泊管理知识的短板，进而推进他的清理计划。
因此，他是为了学习湖泊管理的知识，选项 B 正确。
3. 答案：D
解析： 人物性格推断题。
Responsible（有责任感）： 当他掉进被污染的湖里，闻到恶臭后，没有置之不理，而是主动向公司提议修复这个36英亩的湖泊，体现了他对环境的责任感。
Determined（意志坚定）： 面对老板的嘲笑（"They laughed at me"）、被认为疯狂、以及缺乏专业知识的困难，他没有放弃（"But he didn't give up"），而是坚持研究古代方法并最终成功实施了项目。
选项 A 的 "independent"（独立）文中未着重体现；B 的 "humble"（谦逊）和 "innovative"（创新）虽有涉及但不如D准确；C 的 "humorous"（幽默）文中未体现。
因此，选项 D 最能概括他的形象。
4. 答案：C
解析： 主旨/推理判断题。
最后一段描述了六个月后的景象："boating in the clean water of the lake, surrounded by ducks and migratory birds"（在清澈的湖水中划船，周围环绕着鸭子和候鸟）。
这与第一段中描述的充满污水和垃圾的恶臭湖泊形成了鲜明对比。这种巨大的转变表明他的清理项目取得了巨大的成功。
虽然提到了雨季（A）和候鸟（B），但这都是为了佐证湖泊环境变好了这一核心事实。
因此，这一段传达的主要信息是他的清理项目完全成功了，选项 C 正确。
生词整理：
英文单词 词性 中文意思 用法或短语拓展
mechanical adj. 机械的；力学的 mechanical engineer 机械工程师；mechanical device 机械装置
engineer n. 工程师；技师 mechanical engineer 机械工程师；civil engineer 土木工程师
sewage n. 污水；下水道 sewage treatment 污水处理；sewage system 污水系统
restore v. 恢复；修复 restore the lake 修复湖泊；restore one's health 恢复健康
acre n. 英亩 36 - acre lake 36英亩的湖；an acre of land 一英亩土地
foolish adj. 愚蠢的；傻的 a foolish idea 愚蠢的想法；It's foolish to do sth. 做某事是愚蠢的
convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 a convincing argument 有说服力的论点；convincing evidence 确凿的证据
unpleasant adj. 令人不快的；讨厌的 unpleasant smell 难闻的气味；unpleasant experience 不愉快的经历
drown v. 淹没；溺水 drown in the lake 在湖里溺水；drown one's sorrows 借酒浇愁
corporate adj. 公司的；企业的 corporate social responsibility 企业社会责任；corporate culture 企业文化
excavator n. 挖掘机；掘土机 a dozen excavators 十几台挖掘机；operate an excavator 操作挖掘机
enormous adj. 巨大的；庞大的 enormous amounts of 大量的；enormous pressure 巨大的压力
migratory adj. 迁徙的；移居的 migratory birds 候鸟；migratory fish 洄游鱼类
channel n. 通道；频道 blocked channel 堵塞的通道；television channel 电视频道
silt n. 淤泥；泥沙 trap silt 拦截淤泥；silt up 淤塞
irrigation n. 灌溉；冲洗 irrigation lake 灌溉湖；irrigation system 灌溉系统
长难句整理与分析：
句子：After Anand Malligavad accidentally fell into a lake, he thought he might die. Not from drowning (溺水), but the strong, unpleasant smell.
分析：该句为复合句，“After Anand Malligavad accidentally fell into a lake”是时间状语从句，主句是“he thought he might die”。“Not from drowning, but the strong, unpleasant smell”是省略句，完整形式为“He thought he might die not from drowning, but from the strong, unpleasant smell”，用来补充说明他觉得自己会死的原因不是溺水，而是难闻的气味。
翻译：阿南德·马利加瓦德不小心掉进湖里后，他以为自己可能会死。不是因为溺水，而是因为那股强烈的、难闻的气味。
句子：To his bosses at Sansera Engineering, one of the largest automotive manufacturers in India, the idea seemed foolish.
分析：“To his bosses at Sansera Engineering”是介词短语作状语，“one of the largest automotive manufacturers in India”是同位语，用来解释说明“Sansera Engineering”，主句是“the idea seemed foolish”。
翻译：对于他在印度最大的汽车制造商之一桑塞拉工程公司的老板们来说，这个想法似乎很愚蠢。
句子：After four months of studying the Chola methods — including how to trap silt (淤泥) using carved stones, which need no maintenance — he won a $100,000 corporate social responsibility fund from his company for the cleanup project.
分析：“After four months of studying the Chola methods”是时间状语，“including how to trap silt using carved stones”是现在分词短语作状语，用来补充说明“the Chola methods”，“which need no maintenance”是定语从句，修饰“carved stones”，主句是“he won a $100,000 corporate social responsibility fund from his company for the cleanup project”。
翻译：在研究了四个月的朱罗王朝的方法（包括如何用雕刻的石头拦截淤泥，这些石头不需要维护）之后，他从自己的公司赢得了10万美元的企业社会责任基金，用于清理项目。
句子：Six months later, after the rainy season, he was boating in the clean water of the lake, surrounded by ducks and migratory (迁徙) birds, with the same friends who had helped pull him out of the once - dirty spot.
分析：“Six months later”和“after the rainy season”是时间状语，主句是“he was boating in the clean water of the lake”，“surrounded by ducks and migratory birds”是过去分词短语作伴随状语，“with the same friends who had helped pull him out of the once - dirty spot”是介词短语作伴随状语，“who had helped pull him out of the once - dirty spot”是定语从句，修饰“friends”。
翻译：六个月后，雨季过后，他在湖的清水里划船，周围是鸭子和候鸟，还有那些曾帮助他脱离曾经肮脏的地方的朋友们。(共79张PPT)
人
与
自
然
2026英语中考
阅读理解专项突破 02
Karida March
THE SOUND OF NATURE
考试特点与命题趋势
01
目
录
解题方法
02
实战演练（8篇）
03
备考建议
04
考试特点与命题趋势
01
考试特点与命题趋势
时效性强： 文章常选取当下的热点环境问题。例如2025年广东卷B篇聚焦“全球森林锐减”，并特别介绍了中国应对生态问题的解决方案（如生态文明建设成就），体现了“用英语讲好中国故事”的趋势。
价值观导向： 强调“和谐共生”和“可持续发展”。2025年广州卷语法选择考了“人与鲨鱼和谐相处”，完形填空考了“人与动物的互助”，阅读D篇涉及科技与环境的关系。
1. 选材紧贴时代，强调“中国声音”
考试特点与命题趋势
体裁丰富： 包括记叙文（人与自然的故事）、说明文（环保科普、数据分析）、应用文（环保活动通知）等。
跨学科性： 可能会结合地理（气候变化）、生物（物种习性）、历史（环境变迁）等知识。例如2025年广州卷阅读B篇将荔枝文化与历史诗句结合，虽然偏文化，但也涉及自然产物。
2. 题材多样，跨学科融合明显
考试特点与命题趋势
不仅仅是找信息： 现在的考题不再局限于简单的细节查找。
高频题型：
推理判断题： 推断作者的写作意图、文章隐含的环保理念。
主旨大意题： 概括文章关于环境问题的核心观点。
词义猜测题： 在环保语境下猜测生词（如某种污染名称或生态术语）。
新题型： 如“填句子”或“图文匹配”，考查对文章逻辑结构的把握
3. 题型侧重逻辑推理与深层理解
解题方法
02
1. 宏观把握：抓“骨架”
关注首尾段： 环保类说明文通常在第一段提出环境问题（现象），最后一段提出解决方案或呼吁（结论）。
寻找主题句： 每一段的第一句往往包含该段的核心信息（如：森林减少的原因、后果等）。
2. 微观突破：识“信号”
数据敏感度： 这类文章常引用数据说明环境恶化的严重性。看到数字、百分比时，要标记其代表的含义（是“增加了”还是“减少了”）。
逻辑连接词： 重点关注表示因果（because, lead to, result in）、转折（however, but）、递进（furthermore）的词。
例子： 题目问“为什么某种动物濒危？”，你需要顺着因果连接词去找答案。
3. 词汇破解：用“构词法”
遇到生僻的环保词汇不要慌，利用构词法猜测词义：
前缀： re- (again, back), un- (not), dis- (opposite).
后缀： -tion (noun), -ive (adjective).
合成词： 如 greenhouse (green + house), wildlife (wild + life)。
4. 题型专项技巧
主旨题： 排除过于片面的选项，选择涵盖全文且带有“环保/自然”正向价值观的选项。
推断题： 答案通常不在原文直接出现，需要根据文中列举的现象（如污染严重）推导出结论（如需要立即采取行动）。
实战演练（4篇）
03
1. How does the writer lead in the topic
A. By comparing.
B. By asking a question.
C. By telling a story.
D. By giving an example.
答案：B
解析：文章开头以“Do you know World Wetlands Day ”这样一个问题来引出关于世界湿地日以及湿地的话题，A选项“By comparing（通过比较）”，文中开头没有比较；C选项“By telling a story（通过讲故事）”，开头没有讲故事；D选项“By giving an example（通过举例子）”，开头也没有举例子，所以是通过提问引出话题，选B。
2. Which picture shows the function of wetlands mentioned in Paragraph 3
答案：A
解析：第三段主要讲湿地是地球三大生态系统之一，有不同的类型，并且支持各种野生动物，世界上50%的植物和动物依赖湿地。A选项的图片显示了很多动植物，能体现湿地支持各种野生动物的功能；B选项是关于降雨的，和第三段内容无关；C选项是一盆植物，不能体现湿地对野生动物的支持；D选项是关于划船等水上活动，和第三段湿地支持野生动物的功能无关，所以选A。
3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Mud.
B. Air.
C. Water.
D. Carbon.
答案：D
解析：第四段中“Then when the plants die, they sink into mud, catching carbon instead of letting it all returning to the air.”，根据前文“The plants in wetlands soak up climate - changing gases as they grow.”以及“catching carbon”，这里的“it”指代的是“carbon（碳）”，A选项“Mud（泥）”不符合；B选项“Air（空气）”不符合；C选项“Water（水）”也不符合，所以选D。
4. What’s the best title of the text
A. A Climate Hero
B. A Polluted Planet
C. The Home for Wildlife
D. The Guard of the Earth
答案：D
解析：文章主要介绍了湿地的相关知识，包括世界湿地日、湿地的定义、湿地是地球三大生态系统之一、湿地的功能（吸收水和碳、在水循环中的作用等）以及湿地面临的威胁和需要保护的内容，D选项“The Guard of the Earth（地球的守护者）”能很好地概括湿地的重要作用，A选项“A Climate Hero（气候英雄）”，文章不只是讲湿地对气候的作用；B选项“A Polluted Planet（被污染的星球）”，文章重点不是讲星球被污染；C选项“The Home for Wildlife（野生动物的家园）”，虽然湿地是野生动物的家园，但文章还讲了湿地的其他功能和重要性，D选项更全面，所以选D。
5. What might the writer continue talking about
A. The types of wetlands.
B. The functions of wetlands.
C. The protection of wetlands.
D. The importance of wetlands.
答案：A
解析：文章最后提到湿地面临污染、气候变化和人类活动等威胁，需要采取行动保护湿地，接下来作者可能会继续谈论保护湿地的措施，B选项“湿地的功能”，文章已经介绍了湿地的功能；C选项“湿地的保护”，文章最后才提到需要保护，接下来应该具体讲保护措施；D选项“湿地的重要性”，文章已经阐述了湿地的重要性，所以选A。
1. theme
词性：n.
中文意思：主题；题目
用法或短语拓展：
the theme of... ……的主题；
theme song 主题曲
近义：topic
文章/题目中的生词积累
2. ecosystem
词性：n.
中文意思：生态系统
用法或短语拓展：
Tmajor ecosystem 主要生态系统
ecologist n. 生态学家
文章/题目中的生词积累
3. soak up
词性：动词短语
中文意思：吸收；吸掉
用法或短语拓展：
soak up water 吸水；
soak up knowledge 吸收知识
文章/题目中的生词积累
4. unfortunately
词性：adv.
中文意思：不幸地是
用法或短语拓展：
fortune n. 时运；财富；好运 v.给予财富
fortunate a. 幸运的；富足的
fortunately adv.幸运地是
文章/题目中的生词积累
1.Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil or is present either at or near the surface of the soil for different periods during the year. （P7 Para 2）
句子结构：主句是 Wetlands are areas，“where”引导定语从句修饰 areas，从句中“either...or...”连接两个并列的谓语部分 covers the soil 和 is present...，“for different periods during the year”是时间状语。
中文翻译：湿地是指一年中不同时期，水覆盖土壤或存在于土壤表面或土壤表面附近的区域。
长难句分析
2.They are really important for a large number of reasons that you might not realize. （P7 Para 2）
句子结构：主句是 They are really important...，“that”引导定语从句修饰 reasons，从句中 you might not realize 是对 reasons 的补充说明。
中文翻译：它们真的很重要，原因有很多，而你可能并没有意识到这些原因。
长难句分析
3.The plants in wetlands soak up climate - changing gases as they grow. Then when the plants die, they sink into mud, catching carbon instead of letting it all returning to the air. （P7 Para 4）
句子结构：第一个句子中，“as”引导时间状语从句 as they grow；第二个句子中，“when”引导时间状语从句 when the plants die，“catching...”是现在分词短语作伴随状语，“instead of”是介词短语，后面接动名词 letting。
中文翻译：湿地中的植物在生长过程中会吸收改变气候的气体。然后，当植物死亡时，它们会沉入泥中，（这样）碳就被固定住，而不是全部回到空气中。
长难句分析
4.Unfortunately, we have actually lost nearly 90% of the wetlands in the last 100 years, three times faster than forests. （P7 Para 6）
句子结构：主主句是 we have actually lost...，“in the last 100 years”是时间状语，“three times faster than forests”是比较状语，用来补充说明湿地消失的速度。
中文翻译：不幸的是，在过去的100年里，我们实际上已经失去了将近90%的湿地，（湿地消失的）速度是森林的三倍。
语法分析：“three times faster than...”是“倍数 + 比较级 + than...”的结构，表示“比……快几倍”；“in the last 100 years”常与现在完成时（have lost）连用，强调从过去到现在的时间段内的动作或状态。
长难句分析
1. In which picture can we see “Trash hunt for gifts”
答案：A
解析：文中提到“Trash hunt for gifts”活动是游客被给予垃圾袋并被鼓励在景点周围捡垃圾，所以要找符合“游客拿垃圾袋捡垃圾”场景的图片。所以选A。
2. How do visitors take part in “Trash hunt for gifts”
A. By buying trash bags.
B. By picking up trash.
C. By giving out gifts.
D. By spreading Dunhuang culture.
答案：B
解析：根据文中“Visitors are given trash bags and encouraged to pick up litter around the site”可知，游客通过捡垃圾来参与“Trash hunt for gifts”活动。A选项文中未提及游客买垃圾袋；C选项是游客得到礼物而非给出礼物；D选项游客是得到展示敦煌文化的小礼物，不是传播敦煌文化。所以选B。
3. From the passage, we can know that “Trash hunt for gifts” program ____.
A. was started by visitors in Dunhuang
B. was aimed at drawing public attention
C. forced visitors to clean up the spots
D. helped to make it easier for cleaners
答案：D
解析：A选项，根据文中“the scenic spot came up with a fun way to help”，可知活动是景区发起的，不是游客发起的，A错误；B选项，文中说“it was clear this way was more than just a trick to attract attention”，说明活动目的不只是吸引公众注意，B错误；C选项，文中是鼓励游客捡垃圾，不是强迫，C错误；D选项，因为游客参与捡垃圾，所以减轻了清洁工的压力，使清洁工的工作更容易，D正确。
4. Which of the following can be put in ★
A. The idea is spreading
B. People love the gifts
C. Dunhuang becomes more attractive
D. Visitors become more active
答案：A
解析：根据后文“Other places in China are also doing similar things”，可知这个想法在传播，其他中国地方也在做类似的事情。B选项文中未提及人们喜欢礼物；C选项文中未提及敦煌变得更有吸引力；D选项文中未提及游客变得更积极。所以选A。
5. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To explain what the three Rs are.
B. To show how to face challenges during the trip.
C. To introduce a new way of travelling.
D. To encourage people to be guardians of nature.
答案：D
解析：A选项，文中只是提到“Reduce, reuse, recycle”这三个R，不是文章目的；B选项，文中不是讲如何面对旅行中的挑战；C选项，文章不是介绍新的旅行方式；D选项，文章通过介绍敦煌的“Trash hunt for gifts”活动，鼓励人们成为自然的守护者，参与保护环境，所以选D。
1 . trash
词性：n.
中文意思：垃圾；废物
用法或短语拓展：
pick up trash 捡垃圾；
take out the trash 倒垃圾
近义：rubbish/junk
litter v./n. 垃圾；（丢）垃圾
litter on the ground 在地上乱扔垃圾
文章/题目中的生词积累
2. activist
词性：n.
中文意思：活动家；积极分子
用法或短语拓展：
environmental activist 环保活动家；
human rights activist 人权活动家
act-action-active
文章/题目中的生词积累
3. stress
词性：v.
中文意思：强调；重视
用法或短语拓展：
stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性；
highlight/emphasize/underline v.强调
stress/pressure n. 压力
stressful-stressed a.紧张的；有压力的
be stressed out 有压力的
文章/题目中的生词积累
4. come up with
词性：phr. v.
中文意思：提出；想出
用法或短语拓展：
come up with an idea 想出一个主意；
come up with a solution 提出解决方案
文章/题目中的生词积累
5. gather
词性：v.
中文意思：聚集；收集
用法或短语拓展：
people gather 人们聚集；
gather information 收集信息
文章/题目中的生词积累
6. influence
词性：v. & n.
中文意思：影响
用法或短语拓展：
influence the environment 影响环境；
have an influence on... 对……有影响
influential adj. 有影响力的，有势力的 n.有影响力的人
文章/题目中的生词积累
7. cleanliness
词性：n.
中文意思：清洁；干净
用法或短语拓展：
the cleanliness of... ……的清洁度；
keep cleanliness 保持清洁
文章/题目中的生词积累
8. carry out
词性：phr. v.
中文意思：实施；执行
用法或短语拓展：
carry out a program 实施一个项目；
carry out a plan 执行计划
文章/题目中的生词积累
9. trick
词性：n.
中文意思：诡计；诀窍
用法或短语拓展：
more than a trick 不只是一个诡计；
play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
tricky adj.
难对付的，棘手的；狡猾的，诡计多端的
文章/题目中的生词积累
10. guard
词性：n. & v.
中文意思：守卫；看守
用法或短语拓展：
environmental guard 环境卫士；
guard against... 防范……
文章/题目中的生词积累
11. similar
词性：adj.
中文意思：相似的；类似的
用法或短语拓展：
similar things 类似的事情；
be similar to... 与……相似
文章/题目中的生词积累
12. sight
词性：n.
中文意思：风景；景象；视力
用法或短语拓展：
enjoy the sights 欣赏风景；
tourist sights 旅游景点
sightsee v.观光
sightseeing n.观光 adj.观光的
文章/题目中的生词积累
1.With so many people, the challenge of managing waste has become more serious, putting cleaners under pressure. （P8 Para 2）
句子结构：主句是 Wetlands are areas，“where”引导定语从句修饰 areas，从句中“either...or...”连接两个并列的谓语部分 covers the soil 和 is present...，“for different periods during the year”是时间状语。
中文翻译：有这么多人，垃圾管理的挑战变得更加严峻，这让清洁工们承受着压力。
长难句分析
2.It was truly an effort to encourage a culture of responsibility and care. （P8 Para 3）
句子结构：“It” 是形式主语，真正的主语是“to encourage a culture of responsibility and care”；“was” 是系动词，“truly” 是副词修饰系动词，“an effort” 是表语。
中文翻译：这确实是一项旨在鼓励责任与关爱文化的努力。
长难句分析
3.It’s a reminder that while we enjoy the beauty around us, we also have the power to protect it. （P8 Para 4）
句子结构：“It” 是形式主语，“is” 是系动词，“a reminder” 是表语；“that while we enjoy the beauty around us, we also have the power to protect it” 是同位语从句，解释说明“reminder”的具体内容；同位语从句中又包含一个while引导的时间状语从句“while we enjoy the beauty around us”。
中文翻译：它提醒我们，当我们在享受身边美景的同时，也有能力去保护它。
长难句分析
1. What caused the argument between Amy and Tom
A. Who they could turn to for help.
B. What the poster should look like.
C. What they could do to help animals.
D. Whether they really needed a poster.
答案：B
解析： 根据文章第三、四段可知，Amy 认为海报应该充满温暖和爱（warmth and love），而 Tom 认为海报应该简单易懂（easy to understand），强调收容所的重要性。两人对于海报的设计理念和呈现方式（即海报应该长什么样）意见不合，从而引发了争吵。
2. What did Amy and Tom decide to do after visiting the shelter
A. To mix their ideas up.
B. To make a film instead.
C. To keep the animals as pets.
D. To help out at more shelters.
答案：A
解析： 参观收容所后，Amy 提议结合两人的想法（"we can include the warmth and love..."），Tom 也同意了，表示海报既要温暖又要直接有力（"not only warm and loving, but also direct and powerful"）。这说明他们决定融合（mix up）彼此的观点来重新制作海报。
3. What does “went viral” probably mean in the text
A. Sold out.
B. Spread widely.
C. Changed fast.
D. Disappeared suddenly.
答案：B
解析： 这是一个词义猜测题。文中提到海报在网上 "went viral"，紧接着说 "lots of people shared the poster and visited the shelter"（很多人分享了海报并参观了收容所）。这表明海报被广泛传播，因此 "went viral" 的意思是“迅速走红”或“广泛传播”。
4. Why did people come to the shelter after seeing the poster
A. To take photographs.
B. To meet Amy and Tom.
C. To help the animals in their ways.
D. To volunteer as cleaners.
答案：C
解析： 文章倒数第二段提到，人们参观收容所是 "hoping to take a cute little animal home or giving things the shelter needs"（希望能带一只可爱的小动物回家，或者捐赠收容所需要的东西）。无论是领养还是捐赠物资，都是以自己的方式帮助动物。
5. What would Amy and Tom probably agree with through the experience
A. Life is better with friends around.
B. Smiles are free, but they mean a lot.
C. Happiness is sharing a laugh with a friend.
D. Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much.
答案：D
解析： 文章最后一段总结了他们的感悟："They realized that by sticking together and caring about the same thing, they could make something really special."（他们意识到，只要团结一心，关心同一件事，就能创造出非凡的成果）。这与选项 D “独木难支，众擎易举”（单枪匹马我们做得很少；在一起我们可以做很多）的含义最相符。
1. shelter
词性：n.
中文意思：收容所；遮蔽物
用法或短语拓展：
animal shelter 动物收容所；
take shelter from the rain 避雨
take shelter 避难
文章/题目中的生词积累
2. adopt
词性：v.
中文意思：收养；采用
用法或短语拓展：
adopt a pet 收养宠物；
adopt a new method 采用新方法
文章/题目中的生词积累
3. viral
词性：adj.
中文意思：病毒性的；迅速传播的
用法或短语拓展：
go viral 迅速传播；
viral video 病毒式传播的视频
文章/题目中的生词积累
4. stick together
词性：phr. v.
中文意思：团结在一起；坚持
用法或短语拓展：
stick together in times of trouble 患难与共；
stick to one's dream 坚持梦想
文章/题目中的生词积累
1.I think we should design a poster that is full of warmth and love, which will attract more people to take animals home or give away money. （P9 Para 2）
句子结构：本句是一个复合句。主句是“I think...”，后面跟了一个省略了“that”的宾语从句“we should design a poster...”。在宾语从句中，“that is full of warmth and love”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“a poster”，“that”在从句中作主语；“which will attract more people to take animals home or give away money”是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个宾语从句的内容，“which”在从句中作主语。
中文翻译：我认为我们应该设计一张充满温馨与关爱的海报，这样就能吸引更多的人领养动物或者捐款了。
长难句分析
1. What does paragraph 1 say about Mr. Malligavad
A. He fell into a lake when rescuing a friend.
B. He found a lake full of plastic waste by accident.
C. He had an argument with his friend near a lake.
D. He almost got drowned while swimming in a lake.
答案：B
根据第一段第二句和第三句 "Not from drowning... but the strong, unpleasant smell... the one Mr. Malligavad suddenly found himself in was a container for sewage and plastic waste."（不是因为溺水……而是因为强烈难闻的气味……马利加瓦德先生突然发现自己身处其中的那个湖是一个污水和塑料垃圾的容器。）
文中提到他是意外掉进湖里的（accidentally fell into a lake），并不是为了救朋友（排除A），也没有提到和朋友争吵（排除C）。虽然掉进水里，但他担心的不是溺水（排除D）。
因此，他意外发现了一个充满塑料垃圾和污水的湖泊，选项 B 符合文意。
2. Why did Mr. Malligavad study the records from the Chola Dynasty
A. To gain information about the history of the dynasty.
B. To learn some knowledge of lake management.
C. To improve his stone - carving techniques.
D. To map the whole Deccan Plateau.
答案：B
根据第二段末尾提到老板认为他对 "lake management"（湖泊管理）一无所知，这让他很难说服老板。
接着第三段开头说 "But he didn't give up. Mr. Malligavad turned to the knowledge left behind in records from the Chola Dynasty..."（但他没有放弃。马利加瓦德先生转向研究朱罗王朝记录中留下的知识……）。
他研究这些古代记录是为了学习如何治理湖泊（如文中提到的拦截淤泥的方法），从而弥补自己缺乏湖泊管理知识的短板，进而推进他的清理计划。
因此，他是为了学习湖泊管理的知识，选项 B 正确。
3. Which words can best describe Mr. Malligavad
A. Ambitious and independent.
B. Humble and innovative.
C. Enthusiastic and humorous.
D. Responsible and determined.
答案：D
解析： 人物性格推断题。
Responsible（有责任感）： 当他掉进被污染的湖里，闻到恶臭后，没有置之不理，而是主动向公司提议修复这个36英亩的湖泊，体现了他对环境的责任感。
Determined（意志坚定）： 面对老板的嘲笑（"They laughed at me"）、被认为疯狂、以及缺乏专业知识的困难，他没有放弃（"But he didn't give up"），而是坚持研究古代方法并最终成功实施了项目。
选项 A 的 "independent"（独立）文中未着重体现；B 的 "humble"（谦逊）和 "innovative"（创新）虽有涉及但不如D准确；C 的 "humorous"（幽默）文中未体现。
因此，选项 D 最能概括他的形象。
4. What is the message delivered in the last paragraph
A. The rainy season was key to the cleanup work.
B. The lake was an important habitat for migratory birds.
C. Malligavad’s cleanup project was a complete success.
D. Malligavad was grateful to his friends who had saved him.
答案：C
解最后一段描述了六个月后的景象："boating in the clean water of the lake, surrounded by ducks and migratory birds"（在清澈的湖水中划船，周围环绕着鸭子和候鸟）。
这与第一段中描述的充满污水和垃圾的恶臭湖泊形成了鲜明对比。这种巨大的转变表明他的清理项目取得了巨大的成功。
虽然提到了雨季（A）和候鸟（B），但这都是为了佐证湖泊环境变好了这一核心事实。
因此，这一段传达的主要信息是他的清理项目完全成功了，选项 C 正确。
1. mechanical
词性：adj.
中文意思：机械的；力学的
用法或短语拓展：
mechanical engineer 机械工程师；
mechanical device 机械装置
machine-mechanical
文章/题目中的生词积累
2. restore
词性：v.
中文意思：恢复；修复
用法或短语拓展：
restore the lake 修复湖泊；
restore one's health 恢复健康
文章/题目中的生词积累
3. convincing
词性：adj.
中文意思：令人信服的；有说服力的
用法或短语拓展：
a convincing argument 有说服力的论点；
convincing evidence 确凿的证据
convince v. 使确信；说服
convincement n. 信服，信念
convinced adj. 确信的
文章/题目中的生词积累
4. corporate
词性：adj.
中文意思：公司的；企业的
用法或短语拓展：
corporate social responsibility 企业社会责任；
corporate culture 企业文化
形近词：cooperate v.合作
文章/题目中的生词积累
5. enormous
词性：adj.
中文意思：巨大的；庞大的
用法或短语拓展：
enormous amounts of 大量的；
enormous pressure 巨大的压力
文章/题目中的生词积累
6. migratory
词性：adj.
中文意思：迁徙的；移居的
用法或短语拓展：
migratory birds 候鸟
migrate v. （候鸟或动物）迁徙；
（尤指为找工作）移居，迁移
migration n. 移民，迁徙
文章/题目中的生词积累
7. channel
词性：n.
中文意思：通道；频道
用法或短语拓展：
blocked channel 堵塞的通道；
television channel 电视频道
文章/题目中的生词积累
8. irrigation
词性：n.
中文意思：灌溉；冲洗
用法或短语拓展：
irrigation lake 灌溉湖；
irrigation system 灌溉系统
irrigate v.灌溉
文章/题目中的生词积累
1.After Anand Malligavad accidentally fell into a lake, he thought he might die. Not from drowning (溺水), but the strong, unpleasant smell. （P10 Para 1）
句子结构：该句为复合句，“After Anand Malligavad accidentally fell into a lake”是时间状语从句，主句是“he thought he might die”。“Not from drowning, but the strong, unpleasant smell”是省略句，完整形式为“He thought he might die not from drowning, but from the strong, unpleasant smell”，用来补充说明他觉得自己会死的原因不是溺水，而是难闻的气味。
中文翻译：阿南德·马利加瓦德不小心掉进湖里后，他以为自己可能会死。不是因为溺水，而是因为那股强烈的、难闻的气味。
长难句分析
2.To his bosses at Sansera Engineering, one of the largest automotive manufacturers in India, the idea seemed foolish. （P10 Para 2）
句子结构：“To his bosses at Sansera Engineering”是介词短语作状语，“one of the largest automotive manufacturers in India”是同位语，用来解释说明“Sansera Engineering”，主句是“the idea seemed foolish”。
中文翻译：对于他在印度最大的汽车制造商之一桑塞拉工程公司的老板们来说，这个想法似乎很愚蠢。
长难句分析
3.After four months of studying the Chola methods — including how to trap silt (淤泥) using carved stones, which need no maintenance — he won a $100,000 corporate social responsibility fund from his company for the cleanup project.. （P10 Para 3）
句子结构：“After four months of studying the Chola methods”是时间状语，“including how to trap silt using carved stones”是现在分词短语作状语，用来补充说明“the Chola methods”，“which need no maintenance”是定语从句，修饰“carved stones”，主句是“he won a $100,000 corporate social responsibility fund from his company for the cleanup project”。
中文翻译：在研究了四个月的朱罗王朝的方法（包括如何用雕刻的石头拦截淤泥，这些石头不需要维护）之后，他从自己的公司赢得了10万美元的企业社会责任基金，用于清理项目。
长难句分析
4.Six months later, after the rainy season, he was boating in the clean water of the lake, surrounded by ducks and migratory (迁徙) birds, with the same friends who had helped pull him out of the once - dirty spot. （P10 Para 5）
句子结构：“Six months later”和“after the rainy season”是时间状语，主句是“he was boating in the clean water of the lake”，“surrounded by ducks and migratory birds”是过去分词短语作伴随状语，“with the same friends who had helped pull him out of the once - dirty spot”是介词短语作伴随状语，“who had helped pull him out of the once - dirty spot”是定语从句，修饰“friends”。
中文翻译：六个月后，雨季过后，他在湖的清水里划船，周围是鸭子和候鸟，还有那些曾帮助他脱离曾经肮脏的地方的朋友们。
长难句分析
备考建议
04
备考建议
积累“话题词汇”(Topic Vocabulary)
核心名词： environment, pollution, resource, recycle, ecosystem, climate change, global warming.
高频动词： protect, preserve, reduce, reuse, destroy, threaten.
形容词： harmful, sustainable, endangered, natural.
01
拓展阅读广度(Extensive Reading)
21世纪学生英文报（初中版）：常有关于环保和科技的报道。
英文科普短文： 关注国家地理少儿版或简单的科普文章。
中国传统文化中的自然观： 了解如何用英语介绍中国的节气、熊猫、长城保护等，这符合“讲好中国故事”的命题趋势。
02
03 强化逻辑思维训练 (Critical Thinking)
练习概括能力： 读完一篇环保文章后，尝试用一句话总结大意。
分析长难句： 针对说明文中出现的长句（通常包含定语从句或状语从句），进行拆解分析，搞清楚主谓宾。
模拟实战： 重点练-5年的广州及广东中考真题中的C篇和D篇阅读，特别是涉及科技与自然冲突、生态保护类的文章。
备考建议
感谢
聆听
大
自
然
THANKS FOR LISTENING2026广州英语中考专题突破阅读理解
——人与自然时文热点 说明文
拓展阅读题4篇 1原文+答案解析+生词积累+长难句分析
01 话题：《生命树》与可可西里
My longing to go to Qinghai has reached its peak. Only after watching Born to Be Alive did I learn that this land is the birthplace of three great rivers, and the true home of the Tibetan antelope (藏羚羊).
Since the hit TV series Born to Be Alive began airing, countless viewers have shared their thoughts online. Many say it feels like watching a documentary (纪录片) of the series is shot against the beautiful landscapes of Qinghai and is based on real stories.
Where to Find Sanjiangyuan
If you have ever been to Qinghai, you may get the sense of water falling from the sky. This is no exaggeration (夸张). In the south of Qinghai Province lies Sanjiangyuan, the meeting place of waters that give birth to the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, and the Lancang River, which is known to the world as the Mekong (湄公河).
Each year, Sanjiangyuan sends nearly sixty billion cubic metres (60亿立方米) of clean fresh water to eighteen provinces in China and five other countries. That is enough water for more than half of the people of China.
Qinghai is the birthplace of these three rivers, but Sanjiangyuan is rightly called the "Water Tower of China". As the saying goes, "When the water source is clear, the Yangtze and the Yellow Rivers will be clear."
But this land is not only its water. Rising at an average height of 4,700 metres, the land is also home to many wild animals. Sanjiangyuan is the heart of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (高原), where the earth gathers in such rich water.
Here, nature preserves one of its most precious forms of life. The wild area was once threatened by poaching (偷猎). The Tibetan antelope once suffered the most, with numbers falling sharply from around 100,000 to fewer than 20,000. But in the last twenty years, the efforts made to protect them have shown great success.
An Effort Across Generations
Born in the 1970s, Doulan grew up with the story of Suo Nan, a young Tibetan antelope protector who was killed in 1994. As a teenager, Doulan, a girl from a local Tibetan family, started raising 11 orphaned (孤儿的) Tibetan antelopes.
The real-life inspiration for Doulan, one of the story's central figures, is drawn from Jiangzhou Sanjiangyuan (三江源) National Park's Hoh Xil (可可西里) protection station. It is named after Suo Nan, a Tibetan antelope protector. In 1997, the first nature protection station in Kekexili was completed and put into use. To honour Jiangzhou Sanjiangyuan, the station was named after him. In the Kekexili Mountain Range, his statue still stands.
Thanks to generations of protection efforts, there are now around 70,000 Tibetan antelopes.
What is life like in "Life Tree"
The answer is simple now. The "Life Tree" in Jiangzhou Sanjiangyuan National Park is like a tree of life. Seen from the air, the rivers spread out like branches. The beautiful natural world is a great place to build the land together. But its meaning goes far beyond the land.
The people of Qinghai, the Tibetan antelopes, and the wetlands are guarding the entire plateau and the rest of the world's environment.
After watching the series, many viewers go on to search for the real stories behind Qinghai's ecological protection. The province, once overlooked, is now receiving greater attention. As one viewer commented, "Qinghai has become the darkest corner of the night sky, but when I looked up, I saw the brightest stars. That is the heartbeat of the earth."
Why is it important to protect Sanjiangyuan
A. It is the source of three great rivers.
B. It has gained wide public attention through a popular TV series.
C. It is a key habitat for rare wildlife such as the Tibetan antelope.
D. It has a very high altitude on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
2. What is the main point in supporting the "Water Tower of China"
A. ①②③
B. ①③④
C. ②③④
D. ①②④
3. What happened to the Tibetan antelopes
A. They were once hunted for their fur.
B. They moved to nature reserves to avoid poaching.
C. They had their numbers greatly increased.
D. Their numbers dropped greatly due to poaching.
4. What can we infer from the text
A. A feeling of excitement while watching the series.
B. A sense of pride in Qinghai's environmental protection.
C. An idea that encouraged people to create movies.
D. A wish for Qinghai's environment to be better.
What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A. Qinghai is known for its peaceful lifestyle and natural scenery.
B. The dark skies allow for nature through great protection.
C. The dark people choose to communicate.
D. The natural beauty of Qinghai remains unchanged.
In which section of the newspaper would you probably find this article
A. People & Culture
B. Science
C. Entertainment
D. Nature
答案解析：
题目1：Why is it important to protect Sanjiangyuan
答案：D（①④⑤）
解析：
①根据文中“Each year, Sanjiangyuan sends nearly sixty billion cubic metres of clean fresh water to eighteen provinces in China and five other countries. It is the lifeline of hundreds of millions of people. For much of China, it is a major water source...”可知，三江源是中国及周边多国的水源，①正确。
②“受到热门电视剧关注”是它受关注的表现，而非保护它的原因，②错误。
③文中提到三江源是藏羚羊的家园，但保护三江源的核心原因是其水源价值等，“是藏羚羊关键栖息地”不是保护它的主要原因（保护藏羚羊是保护三江源生态的一部分，但题目问保护三江源的重要性，更核心的是水源等作用），③错误。
④文中提到“Rising at an average height of 3,500 to 4,800 metres, Sanjiangyuan rests in the heart of the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau”，且高海拔地区的生态对整个区域生命支持很重要，④正确。
⑤结合①的内容，三江源为下游大量地区提供水源，支撑生命，⑤正确。所以选①④⑤，对应选项D。
题目2：What once happened to the Tibetan antelope
答案：D
解析：
A选项文中未提及旅游让藏羚羊栖息地变小，A错误。
B选项文中说的是巡逻队保护藏羚羊，不是把它们移到自然保护区，B错误。
C选项文中未提及藏羚羊失去高原食物来源，C错误。
D选项根据文中“Yet this area was once threatened by poaching. The Tibetan antelope suffered the most, with numbers falling sharply from around 200,000 to fewer than 20,000.”可知，藏羚羊因盗猎数量大幅减少，D正确。
题目3：What does the underlined word “inspiration” mean in the passage
答案：B
解析：
文中“The real - life inspiration for Duojie, one of the story's central figures, is drawn from Jiesang Sonandajie and Qika Zhabaduojie.”意思是多杰这个核心人物的现实灵感来源于杰桑·索南达杰和奇卡·扎巴多杰，即故事是以他们为原型创作的，“inspiration”在这里指故事创作的来源或原型，对应选项B（A source or an example on which the story is based）。
A选项“看剧时的兴奋感”不符合；C选项“鼓励人创作故事的想法”不准确，这里是人物原型；D选项“让你想变得更好的真人”也不符合文意。
题目4：What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
答案：B
解析：
文中划线句“As one viewer commented, ‘Qinghai has brewed its richest love into silence. And when that silence grows deep enough, you can hear it. That’s the heartbeat of the earth.’”结合前文“After watching the series, many viewers go on to search for the real stories behind Qinghai’s ecological protection. The province, once overlooked, is now receiving greater attention.”可知，青海通过默默的保护行动（如保护生态、保护藏羚羊等）展现对自然的深切关怀，B选项“Qinghai shows its deep care for nature through quiet protection.”符合。
A选项“以宁静生活方式和自然景观闻名”偏离保护主题；C选项“当地人更喜欢沉默交流”无中生有；D选项“自然景观保持不变”不符合文意，文中强调的是保护生态的努力。
题目5：In which part of the newspaper would you probably find this article
答案：D
解析：
文章主要讲青海的三江源、藏羚羊保护、生态保护等自然相关内容，属于自然（Nature）板块。
A选项“人与文化”侧重人文文化；B选项“科学”侧重科学研究等；C选项“娱乐”侧重娱乐新闻，都不符合，所以选D。
词汇及长难句：
生词整理
1. antelope
词性：n.
中文意思：羚羊
用法或短语拓展：Tibetan antelope 藏羚羊；a herd of antelopes 一群羚羊
2. birthplace
词性：n.
中文意思：发源地；出生地
用法或短语拓展：the birthplace of civilization 文明的发源地；one's birthplace 某人的出生地
3. exaggeration
词性：n.
中文意思：夸张；夸大之词
用法或短语拓展：no exaggeration 毫不夸张；beyond exaggeration 无法夸大
4. cubic
词性：adj.
中文意思：立方的
用法或短语拓展：cubic metre 立方米；cubic centimeter 立方厘米
5. lifeline
词性：n.
中文意思：生命线；命脉
用法或短语拓展：the lifeline of the economy 经济的命脉；cut off the lifeline 切断生命线
6. plateau
词性：n.
中文意思：高原
用法或短语拓展：Qinghai - Tibet Plateau 青藏高原；on the plateau 在高原上
7. poaching
词性：n.
中文意思：偷猎；非法捕猎
用法或短语拓展：anti - poaching 反偷猎；poaching of wild animals 野生动物的偷猎
8. patrol
词性：v. & n.
中文意思：巡逻；巡查
用法或短语拓展：patrol team 巡逻队；go on patrol 去巡逻
9. reserve
词性：n.
中文意思：保护区；储备
用法或短语拓展：nature reserve 自然保护区；in reserve 储备着
10. inspiration
词性：n.
中文意思：灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
用法或短语拓展：draw inspiration from 从……中汲取灵感；a source of inspiration 灵感的来源
11. pioneer
词性：n.
中文意思：先锋；开拓者
用法或短语拓展：pioneer in... ……的先锋；pioneer work 开拓性工作
12. honour
词性：v.
中文意思：纪念；尊敬
用法或短语拓展：in honour of 为了纪念；honour one's promise 遵守某人的诺言
13. statue
词性：n.
中文意思：雕像；塑像
用法或短语拓展：a bronze statue 一座铜像；statue of liberty 自由女神像
14. brew
词性：v.
中文意思：酝酿；酿造
用法或短语拓展：brew tea 泡茶；brew up trouble 酿成麻烦
长难句分析：
1. Since the hit TV series Born to Be Alive began airing, countless viewers have shared their thoughts online.
句子结构：“Since”引导时间状语从句，“countless viewers have shared their thoughts online”是主句。
中文翻译：自从热门电视剧《生命树》开播以来，无数观众在网上分享了他们的看法。
语法分析：“since”引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，体现“从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作或状态”；“hit”在此处作形容词，意为“热门的；受欢迎的”。
2. In the south of Qinghai Province lies Sanjiangyuan, the meeting place of waters that give birth to the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, and the Lancang River, which is known to the world as the Mekong.
句子结构：这是一个倒装句，正常语序为“Sanjiangyuan lies in the south of Qinghai Province”；“the meeting place of waters”是Sanjiangyuan的同位语；“that give birth to...”是定语从句，修饰“waters”；“which is known to the world as the Mekong”是定语从句，修饰“the Lancang River”。
中文翻译：青海省南部是三江源，这里是长江、黄河和澜沧江（在世界上被称为湄公河）的发源地。
语法分析：倒装句的使用是为了强调地点“in the south of Qinghai Province”；两个定语从句分别对“waters”和“the Lancang River”进行限定说明，使句子信息更丰富。
3. Each year, Sanjiangyuan sends nearly sixty billion cubic metres of clean fresh water to eighteen provinces in China and five other countries.
句子结构：简单句，“Sanjiangyuan”是主语，“sends”是谓语，“nearly sixty billion cubic metres of clean fresh water”是宾语，“to eighteen provinces in China and five other countries”是状语。
中文翻译：每年，三江源向中国18个省份和其他5个国家输送近600亿立方米的清洁淡水。
语法分析：“send sth. to...”是固定短语，意为“把某物输送到……”；“nearly sixty billion cubic metres of”是数量短语，修饰“clean fresh water”。
4. The real - life inspiration for Duojie, one of the story's central figures, is drawn from Jiesang Sonandajie and Qika Zhabaduojie.
句子结构：“The real - life inspiration”是主语，“is drawn from”是谓语（被动语态），“Jiesang Sonandajie and Qika Zhabaduojie”是宾语；“for Duojie”是后置定语，修饰“inspiration”；“one of the story's central figures”是“Duojie”的同位语。
中文翻译：故事核心人物之一多杰的现实灵感来源是杰桑·索南达杰和奇卡·扎巴多杰。
语法分析：被动语态“is drawn from”体现“灵感被从……汲取”；同位语的使用对“Duojie”进行补充说明，使读者更清楚其身份。
5. As the saying goes, "When Sanjiangyuan sneezes, the Yangtze and the Yellow River catch a cold."
句子结构：“As the saying goes”是插入语，引出一句俗语；“When Sanjiangyuan sneezes”是时间状语从句，“the Yangtze and the Yellow River catch a cold”是主句。
中文翻译：俗话说：“三江源打喷嚏，长江黄河就感冒。”
语法分析：这里使用了拟人的修辞手法，把“Sanjiangyuan”“the Yangtze”“the Yellow River”当作人来写，形象地说明三江源的水资源对整个流域的重要性。
02 话题：纪录片《重返狼群》
This is the beauty of life worth fighting for. A very unusual story of an orphan wolf and his human mum has touched the hearts of many recently. But the story goes far beyond being moving: it raises awareness of the need to protect wildlife.
Let a Wolf Be a Wolf
Painter Li Wei yi and her friend Yi Feng, who is a film director, rescued a wolf cub on the Ruoergai Grassland in the northwest of Sichuan Province. To take care of him, they decided to bring the cub back to their home in the city of Chengdu. They named the cub Green. However, the city was no place for a wolf, and he had to return to the wild where he belonged.
The documentary (纪录片) Return to the Wolves (2017) follows this process. It was not an easy task.
The problem, of course, was that Green had not been raised by wolves and did not know how wolves live in the wild. To help him adapt, Li and Yi Feng lived by his side in a small wooden house on the grassland for nearly seven months. Green learnt how to hunt and developed other skills. More importantly, he was finally accepted by a wolf pack (狼群), becoming wild and free.
There is also a 12 - episode documentary of the same name that tells Green's story in greater detail. Green is the world's first wolf to be raised by a human and later returned to the wild. He even became the leader of his pack.
Green: More Than Just a Name
For generations, the fairy tale Little Red Riding Hood by the Brothers Grimm (格林兄弟) has shaped how people see wolves. The image of the scary "wolf grandmother" became deeply rooted in children's minds. For her "wolf child", Li Wei yi hoped to rewrite a true fairy tale for him. In Chinese, both "Grimm" and "Green" are translated as "Ge Lin". The name Green also refers to the colour of the cub's eyes and the green grassland.
Protecting Wildlife: A Long Way to Go
Wolves have long been seen as beasts to be feared.
However, wild wolves usually do not attack humans. They mainly hunt natural prey (猎物) such as hares or deer rather than viewing humans as food. Sometimes, they do kill sheep and cattle raised by humans. This is often because their habitats are disturbed by human activities, such as overgrazing (过度放牧), leaving them without enough natural prey to survive on.
Wolves in the wild are very cautious animals and often avoid meeting humans if they can. Instead, it is poachers (非法猎者) who pose a great threat to these animals and other wildlife. They are killed for their valuable fur and other body parts, a problem that exists across the world. Through Green's story, we cannot help but wonder whether wolves are more prey than predators (捕食者).
Now, Green's story has caught public attention once again, but it does not simply end there. We still have many wolves like Green to protect, as humans only share this planet with other creatures.
Why does the writer say "the city was no place for a wolf"
A. Because an orphan wolf cannot survive without humans.
B. Because wolves belong to nature rather than human society.
C. Because the city environment is too crowded for animals.
D. Because wild wolves are dangerous animals in cities.
2. The underlined word "It" in paragraph 4 refers to ____.
A. Finding proper wolves to raise Green.
B. The process of shooting the documentary.
C. Teaching Green basic survival skills.
D. Helping Green to adapt to the wild.
3. The underlined phrase "deeply rooted" in paragraph 6 means "____".
A. easily forgotten
B. firmly remembered
C. quickly accepted
D. widely discussed
4. Which of the following statements is NOT correct
A. Wild wolves often avoid contact with humans if possible.
B. Human activities sometimes reduce wolves' natural prey.
C. Wild wolves usually choose sheep and cattle as their first prey.
D. Poachers are a serious threat to wildlife.
How does the writer feel about wild wolves according to the passage
A. Fearful.
B. Worried.
C. Neutral.
D. Caring.
答案及解析：
题目1：Why does the writer say "the city was no place for a wolf"
答案：B
解析：根据文中“However, the city was no place for a wolf, and he had to return to the wild where he belonged.”可知，狼属于野外（自然），而不是城市（人类社会），A选项说孤儿狼离开人类无法生存，与文中要让它回归野外矛盾；C选项文中未提及城市环境对动物太拥挤；D选项文中未说野生狼在城市是危险动物，所以选B。
题目2：The underlined word "It" in paragraph 4 refers to ____.
答案：D
解析：第四段前文讲的是帮助Green适应野外生活的过程，比如“Li and Yi Feng lived by his side...Green learnt how to hunt and developed other skills. More importantly, he was finally accepted by a wolf pack...”，所以这里的“It”指的是帮助Green适应野外的这件事，A选项是找合适的狼抚养Green，文中没这内容；B选项是拍摄纪录片的过程，不符合；C选项是教Green基本生存技能，只是适应野外的一部分，不全面；D选项符合，所以选D。
题目3：The underlined phrase "deeply rooted" in paragraph 6 means "____".
答案：B
解析：根据第六段“For her ‘wolf child’, Li Weiyi hoped to rewrite a true fairy tale for him. In Chinese, both ‘Grimm’ and ‘Green’ are translated as ‘Ge Lin’. The name Green also refers to the colour of the cub's eyes and the green grassland.”以及前文说格林童话在人们心中根深蒂固，这里说“the image of the scary ‘wolf grandmother’ became deeply rooted in children's minds”，结合语境，“deeply rooted”意思是“深深扎根的，牢牢记住的”，A选项“容易被遗忘”不符合；C选项“快速接受”不符合；D选项“广泛讨论”不符合；B选项“牢牢记住”符合，所以选B。
题目4：Which of the following statements is NOT correct
答案：C
解析：A选项，根据文中“Wolves in the wild are very cautious animals and avoid meeting humans if they can.”可知，野生狼如果可能通常会避免和人类接触，A正确；B选项，根据“their habitats are disturbed by human activities, such as overgrazing, leaving them without enough natural prey to survive on.”可知，人类活动有时会减少狼的自然猎物，B正确；C选项，根据“They mainly hunt natural prey such as hares or deer rather than viewing humans as food. Sometimes, they do kill sheep and cattle raised by humans.”可知，狼的主要猎物是野兔、鹿等，而不是通常把羊和牛作为第一猎物，C错误；D选项，根据“poachers who pose a great threat to their animals”可知，偷猎者对野生动物是严重威胁，D正确。所以选C。
题目5：How does the writer feel about wild wolves according to the passage
答案：D
解析：A选项“Fearful（害怕的）”，文中没有体现作者害怕狼；B选项“Worried（担心的）”，文中主要讲狼的生存现状和保护，没有体现担心；C选项“Neutral（中立的）”，文中作者对狼的态度是关心的，不是中立；D选项“Caring（关心的）”，从文中讲述帮助Green回归野外，以及对狼的生存现状的描述，能看出作者对野生狼是关心的，所以选D。
Think! Why does the writer say "Green's story does not simply end there" Answer in your own words!
答案示例：Because Green's story not only tells the story of his growth and return to the wild, but also raises people's awareness of the need to protect wildlife. And it also promotes the establishment of ecological monitoring stations and other protection measures, which has a far - reaching impact on the protection of wild wolves and other wildlife.（因为Green的故事不仅讲述了它的成长和回归野外的过程，还提高了人们保护野生动物的意识，并且推动了生态监测站等保护措施的建立，对野生狼和其他野生动物的保护产生了深远影响。）
词汇及长难句：
一、生词整理（按单词、词性、中文、用法/短语拓展）
表格
英文单词 词性 中文意思 用法或短语拓展
orphan n. 孤儿 an orphan wolf 一只孤儿狼；orphanage 孤儿院
cub n. （狮子、狼等的）幼兽 a wolf cub 一只狼崽
rescue v. 营救；救援 rescue sb. from... 从……营救某人；rescue team 救援队
grassland n. 草原 on the grassland 在草原上；grassland ecosystem 草原生态系统
documentary n. 纪录片 a 12 - episode documentary 一部12集的纪录片；documentary film 纪录片
adapt v. 适应；使适应 adapt to... 适应……；adapt oneself to... 使自己适应……
hunt v. 猎杀；搜寻 hunt for food 猎食；go hunting 去打猎
pack n. （野兽的）一群 a wolf pack 一群狼；a pack of wolves 一群狼
fairy tale n. 童话故事 Little Red Riding Hood《小红帽》；fairy tale book 童话书
shape v. 塑造；影响……的发展 shape one's mind 塑造某人的思想；shape one's life 影响某人的人生
deeply - rooted adj. 根深蒂固的 deeply - rooted idea 根深蒂固的想法
rewrite v. 重写；改写 rewrite a story 改写一个故事；rewrite the history 改写历史
beast n. 野兽；凶残的人 wild beasts 野兽；beastly 残忍的；野兽般的
prey n. 猎物；v. 捕食 natural prey 自然猎物；prey on... 捕食……
overgraze v. 过度放牧 overgraze the grassland 过度放牧草原；overgrazing n. 过度放牧
cautious adj. 谨慎的；小心的 be cautious about... 对……谨慎；cautiously adv. 谨慎地
poacher n. 偷猎者 illegal poacher 非法偷猎者；poach v. 偷猎
predator n. 捕食者；掠夺者 top predator 顶级捕食者；predatory adj. 捕食性的
长难句整理与分析：
原句：A very unusual story of an orphan wolf and his human mum has touched the hearts of many recently.
分析：
句子主干：A very unusual story...has touched the hearts of many.
修饰成分：of an orphan wolf and his human mum 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰story；recently 是时间状语。
翻译：最近，一个关于孤儿狼和它的人类妈妈的非常不寻常的故事触动了许多人的心。
原句：To take care of him, they decided to bring the cub back to their home in the city of Chengdu.
分析：
句子主干：they decided to bring the cub back to their home.
修饰成分：To take care of him 是动词不定式作目的状语；in the city of Chengdu 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰home。
翻译：为了照顾它，他们决定把这只狼崽带回他们在成都市的家。
原句：The problem, of course, was that Green had not been raised by wolves and did not know how wolves live in the wild.
分析：
句子主干：The problem was that...（that引导表语从句）。
修饰成分：of course 是插入语；表语从句中，had not been raised by wolves 是过去完成时的被动语态，and连接两个并列的谓语部分。
翻译：当然，问题是格林不是由狼养大的，也不知道狼在野外如何生活。
原句：For generations, the fairy tale Little Red Riding Hood by the Brothers Grimm (格林兄弟) has shaped how people see wolves.
分析：
句子主干：the fairy tale...has shaped how people see wolves.
修饰成分：For generations 是时间状语；by the Brothers Grimm 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰Little Red Riding Hood；how people see wolves 是宾语从句，作shaped的宾语。
翻译：几代人以来，格林兄弟的童话故事《小红帽》塑造了人们对狼的看法。
原句：Instead, it is poachers (偷猎者) who pose a great threat to these animals and other wildlife.
分析：
句子结构：这是一个强调句，强调句的结构是“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”，这里强调的是poachers，因为poachers指人，所以用who。
句子主干：poachers pose a great threat to these animals and other wildlife.
修饰成分：Instead 是副词作状语。
翻译：相反，正是偷猎者对这些动物和其他野生动物构成了巨大威胁。
原句：Through Green's story, we cannot help but wonder whether wolves are more prey than predators (捕食者).
分析：
句子主干：we cannot help but wonder whether...（whether引导宾语从句）。
修饰成分：Through Green's story 是介词短语作状语；cannot help but do sth. 是固定结构，意为“忍不住做某事；不得不做某事”。
翻译：通过格林的故事，我们不禁想知道狼是更多的是猎物而不是捕食者。
03 话题：毛毛虫降解塑料
A caterpillar (毛毛虫) that eats plastic bags could hold the key to solving plastic pollution, scientists say. Researchers at Cambridge University have as discovered that the caterpillar which eats beeswax (蜂蜡), can also degrade (降解) plastic.
Experiments show insects can break down plastic. They do it in the same way they take in beeswax. Each year, ▲. Plastic is used to make shopping bags, food packaging, one - off raincoats and other things, but it can take hundreds of years to degrade completely.
However, caterpillars can make holes in a plastic bag in under an hour. "The caterpillar will be the starting point. We need to understand the details under which this process operates. We hope to provide the technical solution for cutting down the problem of plastic waste," the scientist said. And the scientists who discovered it want to speed up the process of discovering the chemical secrets behind the natural degradation of plastic. They think something in the caterpillar—as well as the insect itself—might play a role in breaking down plastic.
If the chemical process can be found out, it could lead to a solution to managing plastic waste in the environment. "We are planning to use this finding in a practical way to get rid of plastic waste, working towards a solution to saving our oceans and rivers," said the scientist. "However, we should not feel good to dump plastic on purpose in our environment just because we now know how to degrade it."
Why do scientists think the caterpillar holds the key to solving plastic pollution
A. Because it is fed on beeswax.
B. Because it can be done experiments.
C. Because it can degrade plastic.
D. Because it makes no waste.
2. Which of the following can be put in "_____" in Paragraph 2
A. about 80 million tons of plastic are produced worldwide
B. scientists are making great efforts to research beeswax
C. environmental protection is a hot topic for people
D. research has been done to find out the behavior of insects
3. Which picture shows the process of the caterpillar degrading plastic
What does the underlined word "dump" mean
A. Recycle carefully.
B. Throw away carelessly.
C. Collect for reuse.
D. Study scientifically.
5. What is the main idea of this passage
A. How caterpillars degrade plastic.
B. Scientists are working towards plastic degradation.
C. Scientists have found the chemical process.
D. Caterpillars may help to solve plastic pollution.
答案及解析
1. Why do scientists think the caterpillar holds the key to solving plastic pollution
答案：C
解析：根据文章第一段“Researchers at Cambridge University have as discovered that the caterpillar which eats beeswax, can also degrade (降解) plastic.”可知，科学家认为毛毛虫能解决塑料污染的关键是它能降解塑料。A选项“因为它以蜂蜡为食”，这只是毛毛虫的食性，不是能解决塑料污染的关键；B选项“因为它可以做实验”，做实验只是研究它的手段，不是关键；D选项“因为它不产生废物”，文中未提及，所以选C。
2. Which of the following can be put in “____” in Paragraph 2
答案：A
解析：第二段主要讲的是塑料的使用和降解问题，前文说昆虫可以分解塑料，后文说塑料被用来做购物袋、食品包装等，且需要数百年才能完全降解。A选项“全球每年生产约8000万吨塑料”，能很好地衔接上下文，说明塑料的产量大，和后面的塑料使用及降解问题相呼应；B选项“科学家正在大力研究蜂蜡”，与塑料话题无关；C选项“环境保护是人们关注的热点话题”，文中第二段主要围绕塑料展开，不是讲环保话题的热度；D选项“已经进行了研究以查明昆虫的行为”，和塑料的生产、使用、降解无关，所以选A。
3. Which picture shows the process of the caterpillar degrading plastic
答案：C
解析：根据文章内容，毛毛虫降解塑料的过程是毛毛虫作用于塑料袋，C选项的图片是毛毛虫和塑料袋，符合文中描述的毛毛虫降解塑料的情景；A选项是毛毛虫在叶子上，和塑料无关；B选项是瓢虫在叶子上，瓢虫不是文中提到的能降解塑料的昆虫；D选项是毛毛虫在花朵上，也和塑料无关，所以选C。
4. What does the underlined word "dump" mean
答案：B
解析：根据文章最后一段“However, we should not feel good to dump plastic on purpose in our environment just because we now know how to degrade it.”，结合语境，我们现在知道如何降解塑料了，但不应该因此就故意在环境中随意丢弃塑料。A选项“仔细回收”，不符合语境；B选项“随意丢弃”，符合文中“故意在环境中处理塑料”的负面语境；C选项“收集再利用”，和文意不符；D选项“科学研究”，和“dump”的意思无关，所以选B。
5. What is the main idea of this passage
答案：D
解析：文章主要讲的是科学家发现吃蜂蜡的毛毛虫也能降解塑料，这种毛毛虫可能成为解决塑料污染的关键，科学家们正在研究其背后的化学秘密，希望找到解决塑料污染的方法。A选项“毛毛虫如何降解塑料”，文章重点不是讲降解的具体过程，而是讲毛毛虫对解决塑料污染的潜在作用；B选项“科学家正在研究塑料降解”，表述太宽泛，没有突出毛毛虫的作用；C选项“科学家已经找到了化学过程”，文中说科学家想要加快发现塑料自然降解背后的化学秘密，说明还没找到；D选项“毛毛虫可能有助于解决塑料污染”，能概括文章主要内容，所以选D。
词汇及长难句：
一、生词整理
表格
英文单词 词性 中文意思 用法或短语拓展
caterpillar n. 毛虫；幼虫 a caterpillar that eats plastic 吃塑料的毛虫；caterpillar - like 像毛虫的
plastic n. & adj. 塑料（的） plastic bags 塑料袋；plastic pollution 塑料污染
pollution n. 污染 air pollution 空气污染；pollution control 污染控制
scientist n. 科学家 a famous scientist 一位著名的科学家；scientific 科学的
research n. & v. 研究；调查 do research on... 对……做研究；research findings 研究成果
university n. 大学 Cambridge University 剑桥大学；go to university 上大学
discover v. 发现 discover a new species 发现新物种；discovery n. 发现
waxworm n. 蜡虫 waxworms can eat plastic 蜡虫能吃塑料
degrade v. 降解；分解 degrade plastic 降解塑料；degradation n. 降解
experiment n. & v. 实验；试验 do an experiment 做实验；experiment on... 对……做实验
insect n. 昆虫 beneficial insects 益虫；insect - eating 食虫的
break down phr. v. 分解； breakdown n. 分解；故障 plastic breaks down 塑料分解；break down the door 破门而入
process n. & v. 过程；加工 the process of degradation 降解过程；process food 加工食物
chemical adj. & n. 化学的；化学品 chemical reaction 化学反应；chemical plant 化工厂
solution n. 解决方案；溶液 a solution to... ……的解决方案；salt solution 盐溶液
cutting down phr. v. 减少；砍伐 cut down plastic waste 减少塑料垃圾；cut down trees 砍树
waste n. & v. 废物；浪费 plastic waste 塑料废物；waste time 浪费时间
speed up phr. v. 加速 speed up the process 加速过程；speed up the car 加速汽车
secret n. 秘密；秘诀 the secret of... ……的秘密；keep a secret 保守秘密
enzyme n. 酶 enzymes in the body 体内的酶；enzyme - catalyzed 酶催化的
practically adv. 实际地；几乎 use it practically 实际使用它；practically impossible 几乎不可能
ocean n. 海洋 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋；ocean pollution 海洋污染
river n. 河流 the Yangtze River 长江；river bank 河岸
dump v. 倾倒；丢弃 dump plastic in the environment 向环境中倾倒塑料；dump waste 倾倒废物
environment n. 环境 protect the environment 保护环境；environmental protection 环境保护
二、长难句整理与分析
句子：Researchers at Cambridge University have discovered that the caterpillar, which eats beeswax, can also degrade plastic.
结构分析：主句是“Researchers...have discovered”，“that”引导宾语从句；宾语从句中“which eats beeswax”是“which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰“the caterpillar”。
翻译：剑桥大学的研究人员发现，吃蜂蜡的毛虫也能降解塑料。
句子：And the scientists who discovered it want to speed up the process of discovering the chemical secrets behind the natural degradation of plastic.
结构分析：主句是“the scientists...want to speed up”，“who discovered it”是“who”引导的定语从句，修饰“the scientists”；“of discovering...”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰“the process”。
翻译：发现这一现象的科学家们想要加速揭开塑料自然降解背后化学秘密的进程。
句子：We are planning to use this finding in a practical way to get rid of plastic waste, working towards a solution to saving our oceans and rivers.
结构分析：主句是“We are planning to use...”，“working towards...”是现在分词短语作伴随状语，“to saving...”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰“a solution”。
翻译：我们计划以一种实用的方式使用这一发现来摆脱塑料废物，朝着拯救我们的海洋和河流的解决方案努力。
句子：However, we would not feel good to dump plastic on purpose in the environment just because we now know how to degrade it.
结构分析：主句是“we would not feel good...”，“to dump...”是动词不定式作原因状语；“just because...”是“because”引导的原因状语从句，“how to degrade it”是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作“know”的宾语。
翻译：然而，仅仅因为我们现在知道如何降解塑料，就故意把塑料倾倒到环境中，我们不会觉得这样做是好的。
04 话题：洛杉矶山火后对不同树种的研究
When people think of wildfires, burning trees often come up. If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening.
For weeks in January, 2025, large wildfires swept through Los Angeles, USA. They took many lives and burned a large number of houses. As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned - out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched, as plenty of pictures and videos from Los Angeles show, trees can and do catch fire. But it’s true that some did not burn. Researchers say there is an explanation for that.
First, it comes down to moisture (水分). “It’s pretty clear to me,” said Miranda Hart, a biology professor. “Trees are filled with tons of water.” Without doubt, trees do burn when fires are big and hot enough. But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the course of the fire. “In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree if there’s enough dry things on either side of it,” Prof. Hart added.
Besides, the tree type also matters. Certain trees are more likely to catch fire. Deciduous (每年落叶的) trees, for example, are less likely to burn. That’s because their leaves are wet and they have less resin (树脂). Compared with them, the conifers are usually evergreen trees. They are highly easy to burn.
In Los Angeles, palms (棕榈树) are everywhere. They’ve become a symbol of the city. But some local fire departments have advised against planting more palms. Without proper care, these trees can burn terribly during wildfires and bring danger to people and objects nearby.
What do we know about the wildfires in Los Angeles according to the text
A. All trees caught fires.
B. They lasted for one week.
C. They burned many houses.
D. They broke out in summer.
2. How would a fire pass through a tree full of water and dry things according to Prof. Hart
What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 4
A. Leaves.
B. Palms.
C. Deciduous trees.
D. Conifers.
3. In Los Angeles, why local fire departments advised against planting more palms
A. Because palms can’t catch fire.
B. Because palms have more resin.
C. Because palms are filled with tons of water.
D. Because palms are easy to burn during wildfires without proper care.
4. What is the best title for the passage
A. Why the wildfires swept through Los Angeles
B. How to suggest Los Angeles stop planting palm trees.
C. What people can do to help control the fires in Los Angeles.
D. Why some trees can stay safe from wildfires.
答案及解析:
答案：C
解析：根据文中“For weeks in January, 2025, large wildfires swept through Los Angeles, USA. They took many lives and burned a large number of houses.”可知，2025年1月的几周里，美国洛杉矶发生大型山火，夺走许多生命并烧毁大量房屋。A选项“All trees caught fires”错误，因为文中提到“some did not burn”；B选项“They lasted for one week”错误，文中是“for weeks”；D选项“They broke out in summer”错误，文中明确是1月（冬季）。所以选C。
2. 答案：A
解析：根据Prof. Hart的说法“if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the course of the fire. In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree if there’s enough dry things on either side of it”，意思是充满水的树旁边的干燥物会先燃烧，并且火会绕过这棵树。A选项的图示显示火绕过了充满水的树，符合描述；B选项火直接穿过树，不符合；C选项火的方向不对；D选项也不符合火绕过树的描述。所以选A。
3. 答案：D
解析：回到第四段原文“Compared with them, the conifers are usually evergreen trees. They are highly easy to burn.”（与它们相比，针叶树通常是常绿树。它们很容易燃烧。）。这里的“they”紧跟在“the conifers are usually evergreen trees”之后，根据代词指代的就近原则以及语义逻辑，“they”指代的是前文提到的“conifers（针叶树）”。A选项“Leaves（叶子）”，文中说的是落叶树的叶子湿润，和这里的“they”无关；B选项“Palms（棕榈树）”，棕榈树是在第五段才重点提及的，和第四段的“they”无关；C选项“Deciduous trees（落叶树）”，前文说落叶树不容易燃烧，而这里说“they”容易燃烧，所以不是指代落叶树。因此选D。
4. 答案：D
解析：根据文中“In Los Angeles, palms (棕榈树) are everywhere. They’ve become a symbol of the city. But some local fire departments have advised against planting more palms. Without proper care, these trees can burn terribly during wildfires and bring danger to people and objects nearby.”可知，洛杉矶当地消防部门建议不要种植更多棕榈树是因为棕榈树如果没有适当的养护，在山火中容易燃烧，会给附近的人和物体带来危险。A选项“Because palms can’t catch fire”错误，因为棕榈树会燃烧；B选项“Because palms have more resin”文中未提及棕榈树树脂多；C选项“Because palms are filled with tons of water”错误，棕榈树不是充满水分；D选项“Because palms are easy to burn during wildfires without proper care”符合文意，所以选D。
5. 答案：D
解析：文章主要讲述了洛杉矶山火中一些树没有被烧毁的原因，包括水分和树种等因素。A选项“Why the wildfires swept through Los Angeles”文章不是主要讲山火席卷洛杉矶的原因；B选项“How to suggest Los Angeles stop planting palm trees”不是文章主要内容；C选项“What people can do to help control the fires in Los Angeles”文章未提及人们如何控制火灾；D选项“Why some trees can stay safe from wildfires”符合文章主旨，所以选D。
生词整理:
表格
英文单词 词性 中文意思 用法或短语拓展
wildfire n. 野火；山林大火 wildfires often happen in dry seasons. 野火常发生在干燥季节。
remain v. 保持；依然是 The house remained standing after the earthquake. 地震后房子依然矗立着。
unusual adj. 不寻常的；与众不同的 It's unusual for him to be late. 他迟到是很不寻常的。
sweep v. 席卷；扫过 The storm swept across the city. 暴风雨席卷了这座城市。
burn v. 燃烧；烧毁 The fire burned for three days. 大火烧了三天。
moisture n. 水分；湿度 The soil needs more moisture. 土壤需要更多水分。
resin n. 树脂 The tree produces a lot of resin. 这棵树产出很多树脂。
conifer n. 针叶树 Conifers are common in cold areas. 针叶树在寒冷地区很常见。
evergreen adj. 常绿的 Evergreen trees don't lose their leaves in winter. 常绿树冬天不落叶。
palm n. 棕榈树 Palms are popular in tropical areas. 棕榈树在热带地区很受欢迎。
symbol n. 象征；标志 The dove is a symbol of peace. 鸽子是和平的象征。
advise v. 建议；劝告 I advise you to study hard. 我建议你努力学习。
proper adj. 适当的；正确的 You should wear proper clothes for the party. 你应该为聚会穿合适的衣服。
terribly adv. 非常；可怕地 The car was terribly damaged. 汽车损坏得很严重。
长难句整理与分析:
If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening.
句子结构分析：这是一个复合句。“If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing”是if引导的条件状语从句，其中“while its trees remain standing”是while引导的时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”；“you might wonder”是主句；“if something unusual is happening”是if引导的宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。
句子翻译：如果你看到一座城市在燃烧，而它的树木却依然挺立，你可能会怀疑是否有什么不寻常的事情正在发生。
As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned - out homes and cars.
句子结构分析：这是一个复合句。“As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet”是as引导的时间状语从句；“people noticed trees standing next to burned - out homes and cars”是主句，其中“standing next to burned - out homes and cars”是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰trees。
句子翻译：随着火灾的照片在互联网上传播，人们注意到树木矗立在烧毁的房屋和汽车旁边。
That’s because their leaves are wet and they have less resin (树脂). Compared with them, the conifers are usually evergreen trees. They are highly easy to burn.
句子结构分析：第一句是主系表结构，“because their leaves are wet and they have less resin”是because引导的表语从句；第二句“Compared with them”是过去分词短语作状语，“the conifers are usually evergreen trees”是主句；第三句是简单的主系表结构。
句子翻译：那是因为它们的叶子是湿的，而且它们的树脂较少。与它们相比，针叶树通常是常绿树。它们非常容易燃烧。
Without proper care, these trees can burn terribly during wildfires and bring danger to people and objects nearby.
句子结构分析：这是一个简单句，“Without proper care”是介词短语作状语；“these trees can burn terribly during wildfires and bring danger to people and objects nearby”是主句，其中“burn terribly”和“bring danger”是并列的谓语动词短语。
句子翻译：如果没有适当的养护，这些树在野火中会严重燃烧，并给附近的人和物体带来危险。(共81张PPT)
人
与
自
然
2026英语中考
阅读理解专项突破 01
Karida March
THE SOUND OF NATURE
考试特点与命题趋势
01
目
录
解题方法
02
实战演练（8篇）
03
备考建议
04
考试特点与命题趋势
01
考试特点与命题趋势
时效性强： 文章常选取当下的热点环境问题。例如2025年广东卷B篇聚焦“全球森林锐减”，并特别介绍了中国应对生态问题的解决方案（如生态文明建设成就），体现了“用英语讲好中国故事”的趋势。
价值观导向： 强调“和谐共生”和“可持续发展”。2025年广州卷语法选择考了“人与鲨鱼和谐相处”，完形填空考了“人与动物的互助”，阅读D篇涉及科技与环境的关系。
1. 选材紧贴时代，强调“中国声音”
考试特点与命题趋势
体裁丰富： 包括记叙文（人与自然的故事）、说明文（环保科普、数据分析）、应用文（环保活动通知）等。
跨学科性： 可能会结合地理（气候变化）、生物（物种习性）、历史（环境变迁）等知识。例如2025年广州卷阅读B篇将荔枝文化与历史诗句结合，虽然偏文化，但也涉及自然产物。
2. 题材多样，跨学科融合明显
考试特点与命题趋势
不仅仅是找信息： 现在的考题不再局限于简单的细节查找。
高频题型：
推理判断题： 推断作者的写作意图、文章隐含的环保理念。
主旨大意题： 概括文章关于环境问题的核心观点。
词义猜测题： 在环保语境下猜测生词（如某种污染名称或生态术语）。
新题型： 如“填句子”或“图文匹配”，考查对文章逻辑结构的把握
3. 题型侧重逻辑推理与深层理解
解题方法
02
1. 宏观把握：抓“骨架”
关注首尾段： 环保类说明文通常在第一段提出环境问题（现象），最后一段提出解决方案或呼吁（结论）。
寻找主题句： 每一段的第一句往往包含该段的核心信息（如：森林减少的原因、后果等）。
2. 微观突破：识“信号”
数据敏感度： 这类文章常引用数据说明环境恶化的严重性。看到数字、百分比时，要标记其代表的含义（是“增加了”还是“减少了”）。
逻辑连接词： 重点关注表示因果（because, lead to, result in）、转折（however, but）、递进（furthermore）的词。
例子： 题目问“为什么某种动物濒危？”，你需要顺着因果连接词去找答案。
3. 词汇破解：用“构词法”
遇到生僻的环保词汇不要慌，利用构词法猜测词义：
前缀： re- (again, back), un- (not), dis- (opposite).
后缀： -tion (noun), -ive (adjective).
合成词： 如 greenhouse (green + house), wildlife (wild + life)。
4. 题型专项技巧
主旨题： 排除过于片面的选项，选择涵盖全文且带有“环保/自然”正向价值观的选项。
推断题： 答案通常不在原文直接出现，需要根据文中列举的现象（如污染严重）推导出结论（如需要立即采取行动）。
实战演练（4篇）
03
解析：
①根据文中“Each year, Sanjiangyuan sends nearly sixty billion cubic metres of clean fresh water to eighteen provinces in China and five other countries. It is the lifeline of hundreds of millions of people. For much of China, it is a major water source...”可知，三江源是中国及周边多国的水源，①正确。
②“受到热门电视剧关注”是它受关注的表现，而非保护它的原因，②错误。
③文中提到三江源是藏羚羊的家园，但保护三江源的核心原因是其水源价值等，“是藏羚羊关键栖息地”不是保护它的主要原因（保护藏羚羊是保护三江源生态的一部分，但题目问保护三江源的重要性，更核心的是水源等作用），③错误。
④文中提到“Rising at an average height of 3,500 to 4,800 metres, Sanjiangyuan rests in the heart of the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau”，且高海拔地区的生态对整个区域生命支持很重要，④正确。
⑤结合①的内容，三江源为下游大量地区提供水源，支撑生命，⑤正确。所以选①④⑤，对应选项D。
答案：D（①④⑤）
答案：D
解析：
A选项文中未提及旅游让藏羚羊栖息地变小，A错误。
B选项文中说的是巡逻队保护藏羚羊，不是把它们移到自然保护区，B错误。
C选项文中未提及藏羚羊失去高原食物来源，C错误。
D选项根据文中“Yet this area was once threatened by poaching. The Tibetan antelope suffered the most, with numbers falling sharply from around 200,000 to fewer than 20,000.”可知，藏羚羊因盗猎数量大幅减少，D正确。
答案：B
解析：
文中“The real - life inspiration for Duojie, one of the story's central figures, is drawn from Jiesang Sonandajie and Qika Zhabaduojie.”意思是多杰这个核心人物的现实灵感来源于杰桑·索南达杰和奇卡·扎巴多杰，即故事是以他们为原型创作的，“inspiration”在这里指故事创作的来源或原型，对应选项B（A source or an example on which the story is based）。
A选项“看剧时的兴奋感”不符合；C选项“鼓励人创作故事的想法”不准确，这里是人物原型；D选项“让你想变得更好的真人”也不符合文意。
答案：B
解析：
文中划线句“As one viewer commented, ‘Qinghai has brewed its richest love into silence. And when that silence grows deep enough, you can hear it. That’s the heartbeat of the earth.’”结合前文“After watching the series, many viewers go on to search for the real stories behind Qinghai’s ecological protection. The province, once overlooked, is now receiving greater attention.”可知，青海通过默默的保护行动（如保护生态、保护藏羚羊等）展现对自然的深切关怀，B选项“Qinghai shows its deep care for nature through quiet protection.”符合。
A选项“以宁静生活方式和自然景观闻名”偏离保护主题；C选项“当地人更喜欢沉默交流”无中生有；D选项“自然景观保持不变”不符合文意，文中强调的是保护生态的努力。
答案：D
解析：
文章主要讲青海的三江源、藏羚羊保护、生态保护等自然相关内容，属于自然（Nature）板块。
A选项“人与文化”侧重人文文化；B选项“科学”侧重科学研究等；C选项“娱乐”侧重娱乐新闻，都不符合，所以选D。
1. exaggeration
词性：n.
中文意思：夸张；夸大之词
用法或短语拓展：
no exaggeration 毫不夸张；
exaggerate v. 夸大
exaggerated adj.夸张的；引人注目的
文章/题目中的生词积累
2. lifeline
词性：n.
中文意思：生命线；命脉
用法或短语拓展：
the lifeline of the economy 经济的命脉；
cut off the lifeline 切断生命线
文章/题目中的生词积累
3. poaching
词性：n.
中文意思：偷猎；非法捕猎
用法或短语拓展：
anti - poaching 反偷猎；
poaching of wild animals 野生动物的偷猎
poach
v. 水煮，炖，煨（尤指鱼）；煮（荷包蛋）；（侵入他人地界）偷猎；挖走（人员）；窃取，盗用（他人的想法）；
文章/题目中的生词积累
4. patrol
词性：v. & n.
中文意思：巡逻；巡查
用法或短语拓展：
patrol team 巡逻队；
go on patrol 去巡逻
文章/题目中的生词积累
5. reserve
词性：n.
中文意思：保护区；储备
用法或短语拓展：
nature reserve 自然保护区；
in reserve 储备着
文章/题目中的生词积累
6. honour
词性：v.
中文意思：纪念；尊敬
用法或短语拓展：
in honour of 为了纪念；
honour one's promise 遵守某人的诺言
文章/题目中的生词积累
7. brew
词性：v.
中文意思：酝酿；酿造
用法或短语拓展：
brew ... into... 把 ...酿造/演变成...
brew tea 泡茶；
brew up trouble 酿成麻烦
文章/题目中的生词积累
1. Since the hit TV series Born to Be Alive began airing, countless viewers have shared their thoughts online. （P1 Para 2）
句子结构：“Since”引导时间状语从句，“countless viewers have shared their thoughts online”是主句。
中文翻译：自从热门电视剧《生命树》开播以来，无数观众在网上分享了他们的看法。
语法分析：“since”引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，体现“从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作或状态”；“hit”在此处作形容词，意为“热门的；受欢迎的”。
长难句分析
2. In the south of Qinghai Province lies Sanjiangyuan, the meeting place of waters that give birth to the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, and the Lancang River, which is known to the world as the Mekong.（P1 Para 3）
句子结构：这是一个倒装句，正常语序为“Sanjiangyuan lies in the south of Qinghai Province”；“the meeting place of waters”是Sanjiangyuan的同位语；“that give birth to...”是定语从句，修饰“waters”；“which is known to the world as the Mekong”是定语从句，修饰“the Lancang River”。
中文翻译：青海省南部是三江源，这里是长江、黄河和澜沧江（在世界上被称为湄公河）的发源地。
语法分析：倒装句的使用是为了强调地点“in the south of Qinghai Province”；两个定语从句分别对“waters”和“the Lancang River”进行限定说明，使句子信息更丰富。
长难句分析
4. As the saying goes, "When Sanjiangyuan sneezes, the Yangtze and the Yellow River catch a cold."（P1 Para 3）
句子结构：“As the saying goes”是插入语，引出一句俗语；“When Sanjiangyuan sneezes”是时间状语从句，“the Yangtze and the Yellow River catch a cold”是主句。
中文翻译：俗话说：“三江源打喷嚏，长江黄河就感冒。”
语法分析：这里使用了拟人的修辞手法，把“Sanjiangyuan”“the Yangtze”“the Yellow River”当作人来写，形象地说明三江源的水资源对整个流域的重要性。
长难句分析
3. The real-life inspiration for Duojie, one of the story's central figures, is drawn from Jiesang Sonandajie and Qika Zhabaduojie. （P2 para 2）
句子结构：“The real - life inspiration”是主语，“is drawn from”是谓语（被动语态），“Jiesang Sonandajie and Qika Zhabaduojie”是宾语；“for Duojie”是后置定语，修饰“inspiration”；“one of the story's central figures”是“Duojie”的同位语。
中文翻译：故事核心人物之一多杰的现实灵感来源是杰桑·索南达杰和奇卡·扎巴多杰。
语法分析：被动语态“is drawn from”体现“灵感被从……汲取”；同位语的使用对“Duojie”进行补充说明，使读者更清楚其身份。
长难句分析
1. Why does the writer say "the city was no place for a wolf"
A. Because an orphan wolf cannot survive without humans.
B. Because wolves belong to nature rather than human society.
C. Because the city environment is too crowded for animals.
D. Because wild wolves are dangerous animals in cities.
答案：B
解析：根据文中“However, the city was no place for a wolf, and he had to return to the wild where he belonged.”可知，狼属于野外（自然），而不是城市（人类社会），A选项说孤儿狼离开人类无法生存，与文中要让它回归野外矛盾；C选项文中未提及城市环境对动物太拥挤；D选项文中未说野生狼在城市是危险动物，所以选B。
2. The underlined word "It" in paragraph 4 refers to ____.
A. Finding proper wolves to raise Green.
B. The process of shooting the documentary.
C. Teaching Green basic survival skills.
D. Helping Green to adapt to the wild.
答案：D
解析：第四段前文讲的是帮助Green适应野外生活的过程，比如“Li and Yi Feng lived by his side...Green learnt how to hunt and developed other skills. More importantly, he was finally accepted by a wolf pack...”，所以这里的“It”指的是帮助Green适应野外的这件事，A选项是找合适的狼抚养Green，文中没这内容；B选项是拍摄纪录片的过程，不符合；C选项是教Green基本生存技能，只是适应野外的一部分，不全面；D选项符合，所以选D。
3. The underlined phrase "deeply rooted" in paragraph 6 means "____".
A. easily forgotten
B. firmly remembered
C. quickly accepted
D. widely discussed
答案：B
解析：根据第六段“For her ‘wolf child’, Li Weiyi hoped to rewrite a true fairy tale for him. In Chinese, both ‘Grimm’ and ‘Green’ are translated as ‘Ge Lin’. The name Green also refers to the colour of the cub's eyes and the green grassland.”以及前文说格林童话在人们心中根深蒂固，这里说“the image of the scary ‘wolf grandmother’ became deeply rooted in children's minds”，结合语境，“deeply rooted”意思是“深深扎根的，牢牢记住的”，A选项“容易被遗忘”不符合；C选项“快速接受”不符合；D选项“广泛讨论”不符合；B选项“牢牢记住”符合，所以选B。
4. Which of the following statements is NOT correct
A. Wild wolves often avoid contact with humans if possible.
B. Human activities sometimes reduce wolves' natural prey.
C. Wild wolves usually choose sheep and cattle as their first prey.
D. Poachers are a serious threat to wildlife.
答案：C
解析：A选项，根据文中“Wolves in the wild are very cautious animals and avoid meeting humans if they can.”可知，野生狼如果可能通常会避免和人类接触，A正确；B选项，根据“their habitats are disturbed by human activities, such as overgrazing, leaving them without enough natural prey to survive on.”可知，人类活动有时会减少狼的自然猎物，B正确；C选项，根据“They mainly hunt natural prey such as hares or deer rather than viewing humans as food. Sometimes, they do kill sheep and cattle raised by humans.”可知，狼的主要猎物是野兔、鹿等，而不是通常把羊和牛作为第一猎物，C错误；D选项，根据“poachers who pose a great threat to their animals”可知，偷猎者对野生动物是严重威胁，D正确。所以选C。
5. How does the writer feel about wild wolves according to the passage
A. Fearful.
B. Worried.
C. Neutral.
D. Caring.
答案：D
解析：A选项“Fearful（害怕的）”，文中没有体现作者害怕狼；B选项“Worried（担心的）”，文中主要讲狼的生存现状和保护，没有体现担心；C选项“Neutral（中立的）”，文中作者对狼的态度是关心的，不是中立；D选项“Caring（关心的）”，从文中讲述帮助Green回归野外，以及对狼的生存现状的描述，能看出作者对野生狼是关心的，所以选D。
1. orphan
词性：n.
中文意思：孤儿
用法或短语拓展：
an orphan wolf 一只孤儿狼
orphanage n. 孤儿院
文章/题目中的生词积累
2. cub
词性：n.
中文意思：（狮子、狼等的）幼兽
用法或短语拓展：
a wolf cub 一只狼崽
文章/题目中的生词积累
3. adapt
词性：v.
中文意思：适应；使适应
用法或短语拓展：
adapt to... 适应；改编……；
adapt oneself to... 使自己适应……
adaption n. 适应
adaptive a.适应的
文章/题目中的生词积累
4. pack
词性：n.
中文意思：（野兽的）一群
用法或短语拓展：
a wolf pack 一群狼；
a pack of wolves 一群狼
文章/题目中的生词积累
5. shape
词性：v.
中文意思：塑造；影响……的发展
用法或短语拓展：
shape one's mind 塑造某人的思想；
shape one's life 影响某人的人生
文章/题目中的生词积累
6. deeply - rooted
词性：adj.
中文意思：塑造；影响……的发展
用法或短语拓展：
shape one's mind 塑造某人的思想；
shape one's life 影响某人的人生
文章/题目中的生词积累
7. rewrite
词性：v.
中文意思：重写；改写
用法或短语拓展：
rewrite a story 改写一个故事；
rewrite the history 改写历史
文章/题目中的生词积累
8. beast
词性：n.
中文意思：野兽；凶残的人
用法或短语拓展：
wild beasts 野兽；
beastly 残忍的；野兽般的
文章/题目中的生词积累
9. overgraze
词性：v.
中文意思：过度放牧
用法或短语拓展：
overgraze the grassland 过度放牧草原；
overgrazing n. 过度放牧
文章/题目中的生词积累
10. cautious
词性：a.
中文意思：谨慎的；小心的
用法或短语拓展：
be cautious about... 对……谨慎；
cautiously adv. 谨慎地
文章/题目中的生词积累
11. poacher
词性：n.
中文意思：偷猎者
用法或短语拓展：
illegal poacher 非法偷猎者；
poach v. 偷猎
predator n. 捕食者；掠夺者
predatory adj. 捕食性的
文章/题目中的生词积累
1. The problem, of course, was that Green had not been raised by wolves and did not know how wolves live in the wild. （P3 Para 3）
句子结构：The problem was that...（that引导表语从句）,of course 是插入语；表语从句中，had not been raised by wolves 是过去完成时的被动语态，and连接两个并列的谓语部分。
中文翻译：当然，问题是格林不是由狼养大的，也不知道狼在野外如何生活。
长难句分析
2. For generations, the fairy tale Little Red Riding Hood by the Brothers Grimm (格林兄弟) has shaped how people see wolves. （P3 Para 5）
句子结构：句子主干：the fairy tale...has shaped how people see wolves.。For generations 是时间状语；by the Brothers Grimm 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰Little Red Riding Hood；how people see wolves 是宾语从句，作shaped的宾语。
中文翻译：几代人以来，格林兄弟的童话故事《小红帽》塑造了人们对狼的看法。
长难句分析
3. Instead, it is poachers (偷猎者) who pose a great threat to these animals and other wildlife. （P3 Para 7）
句子结构：这是一个强调句，强调句的结构是“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”，这里强调的是poachers，因为poachers指人，所以用who。
中文翻译：相反，正是偷猎者对这些动物和其他野生动物构成了巨大威胁。
长难句分析
4. Through Green's story, we cannot help but wonder whether wolves are more prey than predators (捕食者). （P3 Para 5）
句子结构：句子主干：we cannot help but wonder whether...（whether引导宾语从句）。Through Green's story 是介词短语作状语；cannot help but do sth. 是固定结构，意为“忍不住做某事；不得不做某事”。
中文翻译：通过格林的故事，我们不禁想知道狼是更多的是猎物而不是捕食者。
长难句分析
1. Why do scientists think the caterpillar holds the key to solving plastic pollution
A. Because it is fed on beeswax.
B. Because it can be done experiments.
C. Because it can degrade plastic.
D. Because it makes no waste.
答案：C
解析：根据文章第一段“Researchers at Cambridge University have as discovered that the caterpillar which eats beeswax, can also degrade (降解) plastic.”可知，科学家认为毛毛虫能解决塑料污染的关键是它能降解塑料。A选项“因为它以蜂蜡为食”，这只是毛毛虫的食性，不是能解决塑料污染的关键；B选项“因为它可以做实验”，做实验只是研究它的手段，不是关键；D选项“因为它不产生废物”，文中未提及，所以选C。
2. Which of the following can be put in "_____" in Paragraph 2
A. about 80 million tons of plastic are produced worldwide
B. scientists are making great efforts to research beeswax
C. environmental protection is a hot topic for people
D. research has been done to find out the behavior of insects
答案：A
解析：第二段主要讲的是塑料的使用和降解问题，前文说昆虫可以分解塑料，后文说塑料被用来做购物袋、食品包装等，且需要数百年才能完全降解。A选项“全球每年生产约8000万吨塑料”，能很好地衔接上下文，说明塑料的产量大，和后面的塑料使用及降解问题相呼应；B选项“科学家正在大力研究蜂蜡”，与塑料话题无关；C选项“环境保护是人们关注的热点话题”，文中第二段主要围绕塑料展开，不是讲环保话题的热度；D选项“已经进行了研究以查明昆虫的行为”，和塑料的生产、使用、降解无关，所以选A。
3. Which picture shows the process of the caterpillar degrading plastic
答案：C
解析：根据文章内容，毛毛虫降解塑料的过程是毛毛虫作用于塑料袋，C选项的图片是毛毛虫和塑料袋，符合文中描述的毛毛虫降解塑料的情景；A选项是毛毛虫在叶子上，和塑料无关；B选项是瓢虫在叶子上，瓢虫不是文中提到的能降解塑料的昆虫；D选项是毛毛虫在花朵上，也和塑料无关，所以选C。
4. What does the underlined word "dump" mean
A. Recycle carefully.
B. Throw away carelessly.
C. Collect for reuse.
D. Study scientifically.
答案：B
解析：根据文章最后一段“However, we should not feel good to dump plastic on purpose in our environment just because we now know how to degrade it.”，结合语境，我们现在知道如何降解塑料了，但不应该因此就故意在环境中随意丢弃塑料。A选项“仔细回收”，不符合语境；B选项“随意丢弃”，符合文中“故意在环境中处理塑料”的负面语境；C选项“收集再利用”，和文意不符；D选项“科学研究”，和“dump”的意思无关，所以选B。
5. What is the main idea of this passage
A. How caterpillars degrade plastic.
B. Scientists are working towards plastic degradation.
C. Scientists have found the chemical process.
D. Caterpillars may help to solve plastic pollution.
答案：D
解析：文章主要讲的是科学家发现吃蜂蜡的毛毛虫也能降解塑料，这种毛毛虫可能成为解决塑料污染的关键，科学家们正在研究其背后的化学秘密，希望找到解决塑料污染的方法。A选项“毛毛虫如何降解塑料”，文章重点不是讲降解的具体过程，而是讲毛毛虫对解决塑料污染的潜在作用；B选项“科学家正在研究塑料降解”，表述太宽泛，没有突出毛毛虫的作用；C选项“科学家已经找到了化学过程”，文中说科学家想要加快发现塑料自然降解背后的化学秘密，说明还没找到；D选项“毛毛虫可能有助于解决塑料污染”，能概括文章主要内容，所以选D。
1. degrade
词性：v.
中文意思：降解；分解
用法或短语拓展：
degrade plastic 降解塑料；
degradation n. 降解
文章/题目中的生词积累
2. research
词性：v.、n.
中文意思：研究；调查
用法或短语拓展：
researcher n.研究者
do research on... 对……做研究；
research findings 研究成果
文章/题目中的生词积累
3. break down
词性：phr. v.
中文意思：分解
用法或短语拓展：
breakdown n. 分解；故障
plastic breaks down 塑料分解
break down the door 破门而入
文章/题目中的生词积累
4. solution
词性：n.
中文意思：解决方案；溶液
用法或短语拓展：
a solution to... ……的解决方案；
salt solution 盐溶液
文章/题目中的生词积累
5. dump
词性：v.
中文意思：倾倒；丢弃
用法或短语拓展：
dump plastic in the environment 向环境中倾倒塑料；dump waste 倾倒废物
文章/题目中的生词积累
1. Researchers at Cambridge University have discovered that the caterpillar, which eats beeswax, can also degrade plastic. （P5 Para 1）
句子结构：主句是“Researchers...have discovered”，“that”引导宾语从句；宾语从句中“which eats beeswax”是“which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰“the caterpillar”。
中文翻译：剑桥大学的研究人员发现，吃蜂蜡的毛虫也能降解塑料。
长难句分析
2. And the scientists who discovered it want to speed up the process of discovering the chemical secrets behind the natural degradation of plastic. （P5 Para 3）
句子结构：主句是“the scientists...want to speed up”，“who discovered it”是“who”引导的定语从句，修饰“the scientists”；“of discovering...”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰“the process”。
中文翻译：发现这一现象的科学家们想要加速揭开塑料自然降解背后化学秘密的进程。
长难句分析
3. We are planning to use this finding in a practical way to get rid of plastic waste, working towards a solution to saving our oceans and rivers. （P5 Para 4）
句子结构：主句是“We are planning to use...”，“working towards...”是现在分词短语作伴随状语，“to saving...”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰“a solution”。
中文翻译：我们计划以一种实用的方式使用这一发现来摆脱塑料废物，朝着拯救我们的海洋和河流的解决方案努力。
长难句分析
4. However, we would not feel good to dump plastic on purpose in the environment just because we now know how to degrade it. （P5 Para 4）
句子结构：主句是“we would not feel good...”，“to dump...”是动词不定式作原因状语；“just because...”是“because”引导的原因状语从句，“how to degrade it”是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作“know”的宾语。
中文翻译：然而，仅仅因为我们现在知道如何降解塑料，就故意把塑料倾倒到环境中，我们不会觉得这样做是好的。
长难句分析
1. What do we know about the wildfires in Los Angeles according to the text
A. All trees caught fires.
B. They lasted for one week.
C. They burned many houses.
D. They broke out in summer.
答案：C
解析：根据文中“For weeks in January, 2025, large wildfires swept through Los Angeles, USA. They took many lives and burned a large number of houses.”可知，洛杉矶的山火烧毁了许多房屋。A选项，文中提到“some did not burn”，并非所有树都被烧，所以A错误；B选项，文中说“For weeks”，不是持续一周，B错误；D选项，山火发生在1月，不是夏季，D错误。所以选C。
2. How would a fire pass through a tree full of water and dry things according to Prof. Hart
答案：A
解析：根据Prof. Hart的说法“if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the course of the fire. In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree if there’s enough dry things on either side of it”，意思是充满水的树旁边的干燥物会先燃烧，并且火会绕过这棵树。A选项的图示显示火绕过了充满水的树，符合描述；B选项火直接穿过树，不符合；C选项火的方向不对；D选项也不符合火绕过树的描述。所以选A。
3. What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 4
A. Leaves.
B. Palms.
C. Deciduous trees.
D. Conifers.
答案：D
解析：回到第四段原文“Compared with them, the conifers are usually evergreen trees. They are highly easy to burn.”（与它们相比，针叶树通常是常绿树。它们很容易燃烧。）。这里的“they”紧跟在“the conifers are usually evergreen trees”之后，根据代词指代的就近原则以及语义逻辑，“they”指代的是前文提到的“conifers（针叶树）”。A选项“Leaves（叶子）”，文中说的是落叶树的叶子湿润，和这里的“they”无关；B选项“Palms（棕榈树）”，棕榈树是在第五段才重点提及的，和第四段的“they”无关；C选项“Deciduous trees（落叶树）”，前文说落叶树不容易燃烧，而这里说“they”容易燃烧，所以不是指代落叶树。因此选D。
4. In Los Angeles, why local fire departments advised against planting more palms
A. Because palms can’t catch fire.
B. Because palms have more resin.
C. Because palms are filled with tons of water.
D. Because palms are easy to burn during wildfires without proper care.
答案：D
解析：根据文中“Without proper care, these trees can burn terribly during wildfires and bring danger to people and objects nearby.”可知，当地消防部门不建议种更多棕榈树是因为棕榈树在野火中如果没有适当照料很容易燃烧。A选项“棕榈树不会着火”，与原文不符；B选项“棕榈树有更多树脂”，文中说落叶树树脂少，棕榈树属于常绿树，树脂多，但这不是不建议种植的直接原因；C选项“棕榈树充满水分”，文中说充满水分的树不易燃烧，而棕榈树容易燃烧，所以C错误。所以选D。
5. What is the best title for the passage
A. Why the wildfires swept through Los Angeles
B. How to suggest Los Angeles stop planting palm trees.
C. What people can do to help control the fires in Los Angeles.
D. Why some trees can stay safe from wildfires.
答案：D
解析：文章主要解释了为什么有些树在山火中能安然无恙，从水分和树种两个方面进行了分析。A选项“为什么山火席卷洛杉矶”，文章重点不是山火席卷的原因；B选项“如何建议洛杉矶停止种植棕榈树”，这只是文章的一小部分内容；C选项“人们能做什么来帮助控制洛杉矶的山火”，文章未提及；D选项“为什么有些树能在山火中保持安全”，符合文章主旨。所以选D。
1. sweep
词性：v.
中文意思：席卷；扫过
用法或短语拓展：
The storm swept across the city.
暴风雨席卷了这座城市。
文章/题目中的生词积累
2. moisture
词性：n.
中文意思：水分；湿度
用法或短语拓展：
The soil needs more moisture. 土壤需要更多水分。
文章/题目中的生词积累
1. If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening. （P6 Para 1）
句子结构：这是一个复合句。“If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing”是if引导的条件状语从句，其中“while its trees remain standing”是while引导的时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”；“you might wonder”是主句；“if something unusual is happening”是if引导的宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。
中文翻译：如果你看到一座城市在燃烧，而它的树木却依然挺立，你可能会怀疑是否有什么不寻常的事情正在发生。
长难句分析
2. As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned - out homes and cars. （P5 Para 2）
句子结构：这是一个复合句。“As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet”是as引导的时间状语从句；“people noticed trees standing next to burned - out homes and cars”是主句，其中“standing next to burned - out homes and cars”是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰trees。
中文翻译：随着火灾的照片在互联网上传播，人们注意到树木矗立在烧毁的房屋和汽车旁边。
长难句分析
3. Without proper care, these trees can burn terribly during wildfires and bring danger to people and objects nearby. （P6 Para 5）
句子结构：这是一个简单句，“Without proper care”是介词短语作状语；“these trees can burn terribly during wildfires and bring danger to people and objects nearby”是主句，其中“burn terribly”和“bring danger”是并列的谓语动词短语。
中文翻译：如果没有适当的养护，这些树在野火中会严重燃烧，并给附近的人和物体带来危险。
长难句分析
备考建议
04
备考建议
积累“话题词汇”(Topic Vocabulary)
核心名词： environment, pollution, resource, recycle, ecosystem, climate change, global warming.
高频动词： protect, preserve, reduce, reuse, destroy, threaten.
形容词： harmful, sustainable, endangered, natural.
01
拓展阅读广度(Extensive Reading)
21世纪学生英文报（初中版）：常有关于环保和科技的报道。
英文科普短文： 关注国家地理少儿版或简单的科普文章。
中国传统文化中的自然观： 了解如何用英语介绍中国的节气、熊猫、长城保护等，这符合“讲好中国故事”的命题趋势。
02
03 强化逻辑思维训练 (Critical Thinking)
练习概括能力： 读完一篇环保文章后，尝试用一句话总结大意。
分析长难句： 针对说明文中出现的长句（通常包含定语从句或状语从句），进行拆解分析，搞清楚主谓宾。
模拟实战： 重点练-5年的广州及广东中考真题中的C篇和D篇阅读，特别是涉及科技与自然冲突、生态保护类的文章。
备考建议
感谢
聆听
大
自
然
THANKS FOR LISTENING