人教版八年级下册Unit 3 Growing Up Section A讲义

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人教版八年级下册Unit 3 Section A讲义
一．Growing Up ： How do we deal with our emotions (P21)
考点：
①How do sb. deal with…=what do sb.do with…
deal (v.) 处理；交易(n.) 交易；协议
deal with = 处理 / 应对
②grow vi. 生长;增长 vt. 种植→ 过去式grew
grow up长大
③emotion 可数n.情感；情绪→emotional (adj.)情绪的；情感的；
二．Do you think the people in the photo get along Who do you often speak to when you have problems (P21)
考点：speak to sb. 对某人说 get along well with sb. 与某人相处得好
三．What makes you upset (P22)
考点：Feelings (情绪形容词):excited 兴奋的；激动的/afraid 害怕的/shy 害羞的/upset 难过的；沮丧的；心烦的/angry 生气的/lonely 孤独的；寂寞的/shocked 震惊的；惊愕的/worried 担心的；焦虑的
Situations (情境事件)failing a test 考试不及格/living alone 独自生活/watching a scary movie 看恐怖电影/hearing about a sick friend 听说朋友生病了/fighting with a friend 和朋友吵架 / 打架/meeting old friends 遇见老朋友/seeing an accident happen 目睹一场事故发生/meeting a new person 结识陌生人
考点：
①近义词：sad =upset =unhappy afraid=scared
②区分 - ed (人感) vs -ing (物令人……)
例：I am excited.（我很激动）→ The news is exciting.（消息令人激动）
③ alone (adj./adv.)：独自的（客观状态，不悲不喜）
lonely (adj.)：孤独寂寞的（主观情感，心里难过）
Eg：He lives alone, but he never feels lonely.
④anger (n.) 怒气→angry (adj.) 生气的
固定搭配：be angry with sb. / at sth.
⑤ scared (-ed)：人感到害怕的 (I am scared.)
scary (-ing)：事物令人害怕的 (The movie is scary.)
⑥ shock (v./n.) 震惊；打击→shocked (adj.) 人感到震惊→shocking (adj.) 事令人震惊
固定搭配：be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震惊 be shocked at....对…感到震惊
⑦worry (v.) 担心；发愁→worried (adj.) 感到担心的；焦虑的
worry about sb./sth. 担心……=be worried about… 担心……
⑧hear about =hear of 听说、得知消息hear from 收到... 来信 / 电话
⑨fail (v.)失败→failure(n.)失败
fail the exam 考试不及格
fail to do sth. 未能做成某事（失败 / 没来得及）
反义词：succeed in doing
⑩fight with sb. 与某人吵架 / 打架fight against sth. 对抗 / 战胜（困难、疾病）
fight for sth. 为…… 而奋斗（权利、梦想）
see sb./sth. do 看见全过程 / 经常发生see sb./sth. doing 看见正在进行（片段）
Peter couldn't control his fear / anger when he talked to Harry.(P22)
考点：
①fear (n.)恐惧, 担心(v.)害怕, (替…)担心
fear to do sth. 害怕不敢做 for fear of 唯恐；担心
be afraid of = fear 害怕
②control (v./n.) 控制
control one's feelings/emotions 控制情绪out of control 失控 be in control of ..控制, 管理...
五．Ella advised Peter to call Harry.Harry borrowed a guitar from Peter .Peter said hurtful things to Harry.Peter found an ugly mark on his guitar when Harry returned it.(P22)
考点：
①▲advice (n. 不可数) 建议、忠告
a piece of advice一条建议
give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议
▲advise (v.) 建议、劝告
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做
advise doing sth. 建议做某事
Eg.My teacher advises me to talk to my parents.
②borrow sth. from sb. 从某人借来→lend to 借出
③return = go back 返回某地
return = give back 归还某物
④be afraid of sth./doing 害怕某物 / 怕发生be afraid to do 不敢去做
I'm afraid that... 恐怕
⑤▲hurt (v./adj.) 伤害；疼（肉体 / 心灵直接受伤）
Eg.My leg hurts. / He hurt me.
▲hurtful (adj.) 伤人的hurtful words 伤人的话
⑥stop doing 停止正在做的事（不做了）stop to do 停下来去做另一件事（换件事做）
六．I'll be more careful in futureI forgive you.It was my fault.I didn't mean to do it.(P23)
考点：
▲in future 今后、以后
▲forgive sb. 原谅某人
▲It was my fault.是我的错。
▲mean to do sth. 打算 / 有意做……mean doing sth.意味着；意思是……
didn't mean to… 不是故意的（道歉必备）
七．.Peter accepted Ella's suggestion and called Harry so that he could say sorry. Harry also felt bad about the fight and wanted to talk to Peter so that they could clear the air. it meant a lot to him. (P23)
考点：
①.so that + 目的状语从句：为了……；以便……
②. accept 主观 “接受 / 采纳”（愿意收下、同意）receive 客观 “收到”（不一定接受）
accepted one’s suggestion 采纳某人的建议
③say sorry (to sb.) = apologize (to sb.)
④ feel bad about… 对…… 感到难过 / 愧疚
⑤ clear the air 消除误会；和好如初；
⑥mean a lot to sb. 对某人意义重大 / 很重要
mean to do 打算
mean doing 意味着
七．考点：(P23)
argue with a friend与朋友争论
talk to a stranger跟陌生人说话
hurt someone you were close to伤害了你亲近的人
lost a game or match输掉一场比赛或一局比赛
argue with sb. 与某人争吵
①argue(v.)争辩;争吵→argument (n. 争吵)
②stranger (n.) 陌生人 → strange (adj. 奇怪的)
③ hurt sb. 伤害某人 be close to sb. 与某人亲密 / 亲近
④lose (v.) 丢失 / 输掉，过去式 lost→win (v.) v.赢（得）, 获得
八． My parents aren't happy with my grades. Really Weren't they pretty good this term
Yeah, but my parents have very high standards. They often compare me with my cousin, Kate. She gets better grades, plays the piano well, often wins awards.(P24)
考点：
1. 重点短语
①be happy with… 对…… 满意（反义词：be unhappy with…）
②have high standards 要求高；标准高
③compare A with B 把 A 和 B 作比较
④get good grades 取得好成绩
⑤play the piano 弹钢琴（乐器前必须加 the）
⑥win awards 获奖 =get/receive an award 获奖
award的用法
可数n.奖品；奖状；奖金v. 授予；奖励
give sb. an award 给某人颁奖
the first award 一等奖
be awarded sth. 被授予某物
be awarded for... 因…… 而获奖
Eg.She was awarded for her hard work
2. 否定疑问句:Weren't they pretty good this term 难道这学期成绩不是很好吗？
九．I'm sorry to hear that. But I'm sure your parents just want you to do well, although they may not show it. Until you talk to them, they might not know how you feel.(P24)
考点：I'm sorry to hear that.听到这件事我很遗憾 / 难过。
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
do well 做得好；表现出色
拓展：do well in... = be good at... 擅长……
十．How about writing them a letter so that you can get your message across clearly Writing things down can also make you feel better.(P24)
考点：①How about doing sth. 做某事怎么样？
同义替换：What about doing... / Why not do...
②get one's message across把意思表达清楚；让人理解
③write down 写下，记下
十一．I'm sorry, Judy. I didn't realize you were so stressed. Would you like to talk about it
I'm feeling a lot of pressure because...(P24)
考点：
①feel stressed 感到有压力
②feel a lot of pressure 感到压力很大
③realize + 从句 意识到……
④feel stressed = be under great pressure
十二．Grammar Focus (P25)
连词 until/till so that so.. that if although/though 的用法
①肯定句：…until /till…
结构：主语 + 延续性动词（wait /stay /work....） + until…
含义：动作一直持续到…… 为止
例：I will wait until you come back.我会一直等到你回来。
否定句：not … until …
结构：主语 + not+ 短暂性动词（go, leave, start, finish… ） until…
含义：直到…… 才……
例：I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.直到写完作业我才睡觉。
②so that 为了，以便（表目的）
1. 引导目的状语从句，表示 “为了能……”
结构:主句 + so that + 从句（常含 can /could/may /might/will）
例：I get up early so that I can catch the early bus.我早起是为了能赶上早班车。
同义替换in order that + 句子
in order to do sth. / to do sth.
例：I study hard so that I can get good grades.= I study hard to get good grades.
③so … that … 如此…… 以至于……（表结果）
结构so + 形容词 / 副词 + that + 从句
Eg.He is so tired that he can’t walk.他如此累以至于走不动了。
He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.他跑得如此快以至于没人能追上他。
同义句型too … to … 太…… 而不能……
He is so tired that he can’t walk.= He is too tired to walk.
④、if 如果 / 是否
含义①：如果 → 引导条件状语从句
规则：主将从现（主句将来时，从句一般现在时）
结构：If + 一般现在时，主语 + will /can/may + 动词原形
例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。
含义②：是否 → 引导宾语从句
位置：放在动词（know, ask, wonder, tell）后
例：I don’t know if he will come tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否会来。
★ 快速区分
放句首 → 几乎都是 “如果”
放动词后 → 多为 “是否”
⑤although /though 虽然，尽管（表让步）
1. 引导让步状语从句，表示 “虽然…… 但是……”
★although /though 不能和 but 连用！！！
Although it rained, we went out.= It rained, but we went out.
十三．Although you argued, you are still very close friends.If you feel upset about something, you should speak to a person you trust about it.Although people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn't always mean that they did it on purpose.(P25)
考点：
①argue with sb 与某人争吵
②be close friends 是亲密的朋友
③feel upset about… 对…… 感到难过 / 心烦
④speak to a person you trust 跟你信任的人倾诉
⑤do sth on purpose 故意做某事
⑥hurt sb. 伤害某人
十四． Talk to your loved ones whenever you feel good or bad so that joy will be doubled, and your problems will be reduced by half.Until you apologize, the other person might not want to talk to you.You won't understand why she got upset until you put yourself in her shoes.(P25)
①be doubled 被加倍 be reduced by half 被减半(被动语态:be +v.过去分词)
②loved ones 亲人，所爱的人
③feel good / bad 心情好 / 不好
④reduce by half 减少一半
⑤apologize to sb 向某人道歉
⑥put oneself in one’s shoes 换位思考，设身处地为他人着想
⑦get upset 变得心烦 / 难过
⑧whenever=no matter when ...无论什么时候
十五There are many things you can do when you feel stressed. First, you can take a break from what you are doing. This will help you clear your mind. (P25)
考点：
①things you can do = things that you can do你能做的事
定语从句：先行词是物，关系代词 that/which 在从句中作宾语时可省略
②take a break休息一下=have a rest
③clear one’s mind理清思绪、放松大脑
十六Next, share your problems with someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away. The person might not have any advice for you, but talking about your problems can help you feel better. (P25)
① share sth. with sb.和某人分享 / 倾诉某事
② someone you trust你信任的人= someone who/whom you trust
③ instead of doing：而不是，代替
④shut oneself away把自己关起来，自我封闭
⑤ have advice for sb.：给某人提建议
十七．Lastly, remember to take care of yourself. Eat healthy food, exercise, and get enough sleep. These three things alone are great for reducing stress!(P25)
①remember to do sth.记得去做某事（事情还没做）
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
②enough sleep 足够的睡眠
③be great for…对…… 有益、有好处= be good for…
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