Unit 1 Science Fiction知识点课件 (共74张PPT)2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册
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| 名称 | Unit 1 Science Fiction知识点课件 (共74张PPT)2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 |
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| 文件大小 | 837.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-26 00:00:00 | ||
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(共74张PPT)
Science Fiction
Unit 1
高中英语 选择性必修 第四册
1. guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(guilt n.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；
罪行)
·be guilty of犯有……罪
be/feel guilty for/at/about…
对/为……感到内疚/有愧
·a sense of guilt愧疚感
2. declare vt.表明；宣称；公布(declaration n.公告；宣称；表白)
declare sb/sth to be/as宣布……为……
declare for/against sb/sth
公开声明支持/反对……
declare war on/against…对……宣战
declare…open/closed宣布……开始/结束
3. urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(urgent adj.紧
急的；急迫的 urgency n.紧急；急迫)
·have/feel an urge to do sth
有强烈的欲望做某事
·urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that…(should) do sth
极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that…(should) do sth
极力主张/强调……做某事
4. take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；迅速流行
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take in包括；注意到；理解；欺骗；收留
take up继续；占据；开始从事
take sb/sth for granted
认为……是理所当然的
5. turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
turn down拒绝；关小；调低
turn in上交
turn over翻身；移交
turn to求助于；转向
turn up出现；调高
1. more than…
She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，
and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她听到他宣称自
己次日不想离开她，而且他感觉他不仅仅是想取悦她。
·more than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over。
more than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅是……”，相当于not only。
more than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常；很”，相当于very。
·more A than B 与其说B不如说A
more…than…意为“与其说……倒不如说……；比……更……”，该
结构强调 more 后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，
more 和 than后接两个并列成分。
2. it作形式主语
Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by
a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began
to trust him.克莱尔认为她被机器人同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐钦佩他的
智慧和正直，并开始信任他。
“It＋be＋adj.＋that 从句”是固定句式，其中it是形式主语，真正的主
语是that 引导的从句。it作形式主语的常用句式：
·It＋be＋adj.＋that 从句
·It ＋ be ＋过去分词 (said、 thought、 hoped、 believed、 reported…)
＋that 从句
·It＋不及物动词(seem、 occur、 chance、 happen…)＋that 从句
·It＋be＋名词短语＋that 从句
·It＋be＋名词短语＋(for sb) to do sth
观察下面的句子，并感知被动语态的用法。
1. It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife，Claire.
2. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，
and it was disturbing.
3. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy
by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and
began to trust him.
4. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops， he wrote out a
list of things that he would need for his work on the house.
5. The saleswoman there was rude to her， so she rang Tony and told
him she was being treated badly.
1. 各种时态的被动语态
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been
done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done 无 shall/will have been
done
Young Chinese people were raised when the country’s economy was
taking off， so they tend to have strong confidence in their national
identity and culture.(一般过去时的被动语态)
中国的年轻人是在国家经济起飞的时候被抚养长大的，所以他们对自己
的民族认同和文化有着强烈的信心。
A ground－breaking，five－year study shows that diet－related changes
in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the
world’s languages.(一般现在时的被动语态，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
一项历时五年的突破性研究表明，人类咬合因饮食变化催生了新的语
音，如今这类语音已存在于全球半数语言中。
But more and more are suffering and lives are being compromised.(现在
进行时的被动语态，2022·浙江1月卷)
但越来越多的人在受苦，他们的生命也正受到威胁。
Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and
24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import，depending
on the sugar content.(现在完成时的被动语态，2022·全国乙卷)
自4月以来，饮料公司被迫为生产或进口的每升含糖饮料支付18至24便
士不等的费用，具体取决于含糖量。
This land will be protected and available for all generations to come.(一
般将来时的被动语态，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
这片土地将得到保护，并可为后代使用。
2. 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
(1)否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
And there are questions about the films made outside the States， which
sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the
States.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
此外，在美国境外拍摄的电影也存在一些问题，这些电影有时不像在美
国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。
(2)主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，
而将宾语补足语保留不动。这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。
The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who eventually
made her believe that he was her friend， and then she lent him about
￡31，000.(谓语made为主动语态，believe是省略to的不定式作宾语补
足语，2020·天津7月卷)
→The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning by whom she
eventually was made to believe that he was her friend， and then she
lent him about ￡31，000.(谓语was made为被动语态，不定式to believe
为主语补足语，主动语态中省略的to变被动语态时则不能省略)
这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话，这个陌生人最终让她相
信他是她的朋友，然后她借给了他大约31，000英镑。
When I saw Usain Bolt running in 2012 London Olympics， I was
amazed.(谓语saw为主动语态，running为宾语补足语)
→When Usain Bolt was seen running in 2012 London Olympics， I was
amazed.(谓语was seen为被动语态，running为主语补足语)
当我看到尤塞恩·博尔特在2012年伦敦奥运会上跑步时，我感到惊讶。
在主动语态中，make、 hear、 see等词后接不定式作宾补时要省略to，
但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。
(3)带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的直
接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接
宾语变为主语。
While I tend to buy a lot of books， they gave me these three as gifts，
which might add to the meaning I attach to them.
→While I tend to buy a lot of books， these three were given to
me as gifts， which might add to the meaning I attach to
them.(2020·全国 Ⅰ 卷)
虽然我通常买很多书，但这三本书是作为礼物送给我的，这可能会增加
它们对我的意义。
(4)动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不
可去掉后面的介词或副词。
Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources
wisely.(主动语态，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→These precious natural resources had been taken care of by native
Americans wisely.(被动语态，介词of不可省略)
美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。
3. 动词不定式的被动形式及用法
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定
式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。
(1)一般式：to be done表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之后或与
谓语动作同时发生。
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how
frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works
best for you both.(2022·全国乙卷)
确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过了，双方希望保持怎样的联系频率，以及
哪种方法最适合彼此。
Though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy， few
like large solar panels to be installed near them.(2023·浙江1月卷)
虽然越来越多的人接受了太阳能的概念，但很少有人喜欢在他们附近安
装大型太阳能电池板。
(2)完成式：to have been done，表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作
之前。
Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to
have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to
be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.(2016·天
津卷)
那些在童年时期从事劳动最多的人，与各种各样的人建立友好关系的可
能性是其他人的两倍，收入高的可能性是其他人的五倍，而失业的风险
比其他人低16倍。
4. 难点突破
(1)主动语态表被动意义。
①有些动词如read、 write、 clean、 wash、 iron、 burn、 draw、
cook、 keep、 cut、 open、 sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属
性时，常和副词well、 easily、 smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表
示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种
内在的特点。这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。
The book sells well.
这本书卖得很好。
②动词need、 require、 want及形容词worth后加动词－ing的主动形式
表被动意义。
I could see things needed doing， but would not do anything.
我能看到需要做的事情，但我什么都不会去做。
(2)动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况。
①不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且句中出现了动
作的逻辑主语时，如果动作的执行者在主语或宾语中没有出现，则用不
定式的被动式。
India still have many poor children to take care of.
印度仍有许多贫困儿童要去照管。
②在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状
语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形
式表达被动含义。这样的形容词常见的有amusing、comfortable、
easy、fit、hard、difficult、dangerous、important、impossible、
interesting、 nice、 pleasant、 funny等。
I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs， and I thought it must be easy to
cook.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋，我想它一定很容易烹饪。
③某些动词，如blame、 let/rent (出租)等的不定式用在be后作表语时，
用主动形式表被动意义。
Was I to blame for all these embarrassments？
所有这些尴尬都怪我吗？
1. 单句语法填空
(1)Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live
closer to the center of the circles.(2023·浙江 1月卷)
(2)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—
frequently by plane— (view)as important
for scientists to get together and exchange information.(2022·浙江1月卷)
were permitted
has been viewed/is viewed
(3)This ability (recognize) that a shape will need
(turn) in a specific direction before it will fit is called an
“allocentric frame of reference”.(2022·全国甲卷改编)
(4)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who
(trap) in the mountains for two days.(2018·北京卷)
(5)They are easy (care) for and make great
presents.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
to recognize
to be
turned
had been
trapped
to care
(6)He (see) sitting there without doing anything last night.
(7)An interesting story (tell) to me by my father now.
was seen
is being told
2. 补全句子
(1)The villager will .
那个村民会指给你要走的秘密通道。
(2)The elderly residents in care homes in London are
to stop them feeling lonely.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)
伦敦养老院的老年居民被分发了母鸡让他们去照料，以防止他们感
到孤独。
show you the secret path to take
being given hens
to look after
(3)He was extremely disappointed to hear that he
.
听到无法获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。
(4)He is said Tsinghua University.
据说他已经被清华大学录取了。
(5)Every boy and every girl on
Sunday.
每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
would not be given a
doctor’s degree
to have been admitted to
wishes to attend the party to be held
(6)Attention， please！ A meeting at 8：00
a.m. tomorrow. Everyone on time.
请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
will be held in the office
is expected to attend
本单元的写作任务是写科幻故事。写科幻故事是开放式作文的一
种，一般给出一段材料，要求我们充分发挥想象力来拓展原材料内容，
运用逻辑推理的方法，沿着材料的纵横方向延伸，给故事添加开头、结
尾或中间过程。想象必须合理而且内容要丰富，要抓住主题，运用恰当
的词汇、句型与语句间的连接成分写出连贯的表达，语言要流畅，具有
美感。具体写作格式如图所示：
1. 开头句
(1)It is seven o’clock in the morning when I wake up on 4 April 2040.
当我在2040年4月4日醒来时，已经是早上7点了。
(2)Though the scientists never saw the real aliens，I still believe that
besides human beings， life must exist in the universe.
虽然科学家们从未见过真正的外星人，但我仍然相信除了人类之外，宇
宙中还存在其他生命体。
2. 中间句
(1)Robots will play an important role in our future life.
机器人将在我们未来的生活中扮演着重要角色。
(2)Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live with robots in
the next 50 years？
你有没有想过未来50年和机器人一起生活会是怎样的？
(3)We can imagine everything will be done easily and automatically.
我们可以想象，一切事情都会被轻松且自动地完成。
(4)Robots may be the smartest thing except humans in the future.
在未来，机器人可能是除人类以外最聪明的事物。
(5)I was so puzzled that I couldn’t believe what I had seen.
我感到十分困惑，简直不敢相信自己所看到的一切。
(6)Robots have made our daily lives more convenient.
机器人使我们的生活更加便利。
3. 结尾句
(1)In a word， my life will be richer and more colourful.
总之，我的生活会更加丰富多彩。
(2)This is the life that I am looking forward to.
这就是我所期待的生活。
1. 意外收获；奖金；红利 n.
2. 小说；虚构的事 n.
3. 庄重；庄严；尊严 n.
4. 薪水；薪金 n.
5. 诚实正直；完整；完好 n.
bonus
fiction
dignity
salary
integrity
6. 指甲；趾甲；钉子n. (用钉子)钉牢；固定vt.
7. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓vt.
8. 活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)n.
9. 控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组n.
10. 每周的adj.周刊 n.
11. 女主席；女董事长；女委员长n.
12. 面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉n.
13. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的adj.
14. 最大极限的adj. 最大量；最大限度n.
nail
suspend
venue
panel
weekly
chairwoman
flour
superior
maximum
15. 劳动(者)；体力劳动n. 奋斗；努力工作vi.
16. 皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套n.
17. 英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)n.
18. 向后；倒着；往回adv.
19. 紧握；抓紧vt.&vi.
20. 侄女；外甥女n.
21. (去)拿来；(去)请来vt.
22. 手帕；纸巾n.
23. 灯；台灯n.
labour
leather
inch
backwards
grip
niece
fetch
handkerchief
lamp
24. 速度；步伐；节奏n. 确定速度；调整节奏vt.&vi.
25. 随机的；不可思议的adj.
pace
random
26. 泥；泥浆n.
27. ridiculous
28. absurd
29. ladder
30. rumour
31. presume
32. whereas
mud
愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
荒谬的；荒唐的
梯子；阶梯
谣言；传闻
假设；假定
然而；但是；尽管
33. alien
34. blurred
35. lever
36. fare
37. hazy
38. puff
39. inaction
40. jolt
41. flip
42. stun
外星人(生物)；外国人；陌生的；外星的；外国的
模糊不清的；难以区分的
操纵杆；杠杆
车费；船费；飞机票价
模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息
无行动；不采取措施
震动；摇晃；颠簸；(使)震动
(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
使震惊；使昏迷
1. 用……做实验
2. 检验；测试
3. 出差
4. 更像是；更接近
5. 出于好意
6. 更确切地说
experiment with
test out
on a business trip
more like
as a favour
or rather
7. 对……粗鲁
8. 设法做某事；设法做到
9. 在恋爱中
10. 毕竟；终究
11. 拥抱某人
12. 根据；以……的方式(基准)
13. 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
14. 比……更好；更胜一筹
be rude to
manage to do sth
in a relationship
after all
take sb on one’s arms
on a…basis
pros and cons
superior to
15. 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
16. 与……冲突或抵触
17. 和以前一样
18. 大约；左右
19. 停下来歇口气
20. 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
21. (逐渐)减少；消失
take over
conflict with
as before
or so
draw a breath
turn out
fall away
22. 有强烈的欲望做某事
23. 推动……前进；向前推……
24. 尊敬地对待某人
25. 有个约会
26. 涂指甲油
27. 一盏悬在天花板上的灯
28. 跳到；直接转到(某个部分、阶段或内容)
29. 从梯子上摔下来
have an urge to
push…forwards
treat sb with dignity
have an appointment
paint nails
a light suspended from the ceiling
skip to
fall off the ladder
30. 惊奇地
31. 面部表情
32. 感到尴尬
33. ……很荒谬
34. 提升某人的社会地位
with wonder
facial expressions
feel embarrassed
it is ridiculous that
improve one’s social position
1. 出于好意，托尼答应帮助克莱尔让她变得更漂亮，让她的家也变得
更高雅。
， Tony promised to help Claire
.
2. 由于不允许他陪她去商店，他就写了一张装修房子所需的物品清
单。
， he wrote out
a list of things .
As a favour
make herself more
beautiful and her home more elegant
As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops
that he would need for his work on the house
3. 克莱尔感谢托尼，并称他为“亲爱的”。
Claire thanked Tony， .
4. 她转过身来，(发现)格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
， Gladys Claffern.
5. 从她脸上的表情来看，克莱尔意识到格拉迪丝以为他们是婚外情人
关系。
， Claire knew that Gladys thought they
were .
telling him that he was a “dear”
As she turned around
there stood
By the look on her face
in a relationship
6. 托尼对克莱尔说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她就像格拉迪丝一样
好。
Tony told her
Gladys.
7. 他建议她在他离开之前，也就是拉里回来的前一天晚上，邀请格拉
迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。
He suggested that
.
she was being sensitive and was just as good as
she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the
night before he was to leave and Larry was to return
8. 到那时，托尼预计正在全面改造的房子将会完工。
， Tony expected that the house，
， .
9. 克莱尔试图帮忙修理悬挂在天花板上的吊灯，但她却从梯子上摔了
下来。
Claire
， but she fell off the ladder.
By that time
which was being
completely transformed
would be ready
tried to help by working on a light suspended from the
ceiling
10. 她听见他郑重地说，他不想在第二天就离开她，而且他想要的不仅
仅是讨她欢心。
that he did not want to leave her the next
day， and .
11. 就在今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始运行了。
.
She heard him declare
that he felt more than just the desire to please her
It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began
its career
12. 很难解释时间旅行时那种奇怪且不愉快的感觉。
.
13. 太阳和月亮看起来仿佛被抛向了天空，但很快，黑夜和白昼就
分开了。
The sun and moon looked
， but soon .
It is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time
travelling
as if they were being thrown across the
sky
there was division between night and day
14. 我有一种强烈的冲动，想要去看看那些在我眼前一闪而过的各
种东西！
at the random things that were being
flashed before my eyes！
I had a strong urge to look
15. 只要我以最快的速度行驶，那就不会有问题。但是如果我停下来，
而同一空间又被别的东西占据，我们就会被迫凑到一起，然后像炸弹一
样爆炸！
， it didn’t matter. But if
I stopped and ， we would be forced together and explode like a bomb！
So long as I travelled at maximum speed
the same space was being occupied by something else
基础词汇 拓展词汇 1 fiction n. 小说；
虚构的事
adj. 虚构的；小
说(中)的
adv. 虚构地；
编造地
vt. 使虚构化；把(真人真
事)改编成小说
(或电影)
fictional
fictionally
fictionalise
基础词汇 拓展词汇 2 n.
嘲笑；奚落；讥
笑 vt. 嘲笑；奚
落；讥笑 ridiculous adj.
愚蠢的；荒谬
的；荒唐的
adv. 荒谬地；可笑地
n. 荒谬；滑稽
ridicule
ridiculously
ridiculousness
基础词汇 拓展词汇 3 integrity n. 诚实
正直；完整；完
好
vi.&vt. (使)合
并；(使)加入
adj. 各部分密
切协调的；综
合的；完整一
体的
adj. 必需的；
不可或缺的
4 dignity n. 庄
重；庄严；尊严
adj. 有尊严的；
庄严的；庄重的 vt.
使有尊严；使
崇高
n. 侮辱；轻蔑
integrate
integrated
integral
dignified
dignify
indignity
基础词汇 拓展词汇 5 absurd adj. 荒谬
的；荒唐的
n. 荒谬；荒唐
adv. 荒谬地；
荒唐地 /
6 vt.
任命；委托 appointment n.
预约；约会；委
任
adj. 被任命
的；指定的
n. 被任命者；
被委托者
absurdity
absurdly
appoint
appointed
appointee
基础词汇 拓展词汇 7 guilty adj. 内疚
的；有罪的；有
过失的 n. 罪
责；内疚
adv. 内疚地；
有罪地
n. 内疚；有罪
8 suspend vt. 悬；
挂；暂停；暂缓
n. 暂停；延期
adj. 可疑的；
暂停的 /
guilt
guiltily
guiltiness
suspension
suspensive
基础词汇 拓展词汇 9 dismiss vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 n.
解雇；开除
adj. 轻蔑的；
鄙视的
adv. 不屑一顾地；轻蔑地
10 declare vt. 表
明；宣称；公布 .
n. 公告；宣告；声明(书)；宣布
adj. 公开宣布
(或声明、表
态)的 /
dismissal
dismissive
dismissively
declaration
declared
基础词汇 拓展词汇 11 presume vt.&vi.
假设；假定
n. 假定；假设
adj. 很可能的；假设的；推断的
adv. 假定
地；假设地
12 calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测
n. 计算；估计
adj. 计划好的；精心策划的；蓄意的
n. 计算器(指
电子设备或软
件)
presumption
presumptive
presumptively
calculation
calculated
calculator
基础词汇 拓展词汇 13 alien n. 外星人(生
物)；外国人adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的 vt.
使疏远；离间 adj.
可转让的；可让渡的 /
14 vi.&vt.
(使)变得模糊不清；(使)看不清 blurred adj. 模糊
不清的；难以区
分的 adj. 模糊
不清的 /
alienate
alienable
blur
blurry
基础词汇 拓展词汇 15 inaction n. 无行
动；不采取措施
adj. 无行动的；
不活跃的；未使
用的
adv. 不活动
地；无用地 /
16 n. 雾
霾；迷蒙 hazy adj. 模糊
的；朦胧的；困
惑的
adv. 朦胧地；
模糊地
n. 朦胧；模
糊；浑浊性
inactive
inactively
haze
hazily
haziness
基础词汇 拓展词汇 17 vi.
&vt. 分割；(使)分开 division n. 分
开；分隔；差
异；除(法)
adj. 部门的；
师的
adj. 造成不和的；制造分裂的
18 urge n. 强烈的
欲望；冲动 vt.
催促；力劝；大力推荐 n.
紧急；迫切
adj. 紧急的；
迫切的
adv. 紧急地；
迫切地
divide
divisional
divisive
urgency
urgent
urgently
基础词汇 拓展词汇 19 random adj. 随机的；不可思议的
adv. 随机地；胡乱地
n. 随机性；随意
vt. 使随机
化；(使)作任
意排列
20 explode vi.&vt.
爆炸；爆破 n.
爆炸；爆破
adj. 易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的 n. 爆炸物
adv. 爆发地；引起爆炸地
randomly
randomness
randomise
explosion
explosive
explosively
基础词汇 拓展词汇 21 stun vt. 使震
惊；使昏迷
adj. 令人震惊
的；绝妙的 n.
令人震惊的人或物；绝妙的事物
adv. 令人震惊地；绝妙地
22 mud n. 泥；泥
浆 adj.
泥泞的；多泥的 n. 泥泞；泥污 vt. 弄乱；搅混
stunning
stunner
stunningly
muddy
muddiness
muddle
基础词汇 拓展词汇 23 n. 优越(性)；优
势 superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
adv. 超越其他
地；卓越地 /
24 labour n. 劳动
(者)；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作 adj. 缓慢而困难的；费力的
n. 体力劳动 n. 体力劳动者；劳工；工人
superiority
superiorly
laboured
labouring
labourer
基础词汇 拓展词汇 25 pace n. 速度；
步伐；节奏
vt.&vi. 确定速
度；调整节奏 adj. 快
节奏的；能跑快
的 n.
步测；步调 n.
领跑人；起搏
器；定速装置
26 puff n. (烟、气
等的)一缕；少
量；喘息 adj.
肿胀的；松软洁
白的 n.
河豚；吹捧
者；吸入器(吸
药用) n. 夸大广告；吹捧
pacy
pacing
pacer
puffy
puffer
puffery
基础词汇 拓展词汇 27
adj. 最大的；最高的 maximum adj.
最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 vt. 充分利用；最大限度地利用
adv. 最大地；最高地
28 flip vt.&vi. (使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛 n.
(海豹、海龟等
的)鳍肢；(潜
水、游泳用的)
脚蹼 adj. 轻率的；没礼貌的 n. 轻率；无礼
maximal
maximise
maximally
flipper
flippant
flippancy
基础词汇 拓展词汇 29 vt. 夸大；夸张；言过其实 overstatement n. 夸大；夸张 adj. 夸张的；过高的 /
30 adj. 销售的；售货的 n. 销售；销售额 saleswoman n.
女售货员；女推
销员 n. 售货员；推销员 /
overstate
overstated
sales
salesman
Science Fiction
Unit 1
高中英语 选择性必修 第四册
1. guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(guilt n.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；
罪行)
·be guilty of犯有……罪
be/feel guilty for/at/about…
对/为……感到内疚/有愧
·a sense of guilt愧疚感
2. declare vt.表明；宣称；公布(declaration n.公告；宣称；表白)
declare sb/sth to be/as宣布……为……
declare for/against sb/sth
公开声明支持/反对……
declare war on/against…对……宣战
declare…open/closed宣布……开始/结束
3. urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(urgent adj.紧
急的；急迫的 urgency n.紧急；急迫)
·have/feel an urge to do sth
有强烈的欲望做某事
·urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that…(should) do sth
极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that…(should) do sth
极力主张/强调……做某事
4. take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；迅速流行
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take in包括；注意到；理解；欺骗；收留
take up继续；占据；开始从事
take sb/sth for granted
认为……是理所当然的
5. turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
turn down拒绝；关小；调低
turn in上交
turn over翻身；移交
turn to求助于；转向
turn up出现；调高
1. more than…
She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，
and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她听到他宣称自
己次日不想离开她，而且他感觉他不仅仅是想取悦她。
·more than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over。
more than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅是……”，相当于not only。
more than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常；很”，相当于very。
·more A than B 与其说B不如说A
more…than…意为“与其说……倒不如说……；比……更……”，该
结构强调 more 后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，
more 和 than后接两个并列成分。
2. it作形式主语
Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by
a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began
to trust him.克莱尔认为她被机器人同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐钦佩他的
智慧和正直，并开始信任他。
“It＋be＋adj.＋that 从句”是固定句式，其中it是形式主语，真正的主
语是that 引导的从句。it作形式主语的常用句式：
·It＋be＋adj.＋that 从句
·It ＋ be ＋过去分词 (said、 thought、 hoped、 believed、 reported…)
＋that 从句
·It＋不及物动词(seem、 occur、 chance、 happen…)＋that 从句
·It＋be＋名词短语＋that 从句
·It＋be＋名词短语＋(for sb) to do sth
观察下面的句子，并感知被动语态的用法。
1. It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife，Claire.
2. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，
and it was disturbing.
3. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy
by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and
began to trust him.
4. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops， he wrote out a
list of things that he would need for his work on the house.
5. The saleswoman there was rude to her， so she rang Tony and told
him she was being treated badly.
1. 各种时态的被动语态
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been
done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done 无 shall/will have been
done
Young Chinese people were raised when the country’s economy was
taking off， so they tend to have strong confidence in their national
identity and culture.(一般过去时的被动语态)
中国的年轻人是在国家经济起飞的时候被抚养长大的，所以他们对自己
的民族认同和文化有着强烈的信心。
A ground－breaking，five－year study shows that diet－related changes
in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the
world’s languages.(一般现在时的被动语态，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
一项历时五年的突破性研究表明，人类咬合因饮食变化催生了新的语
音，如今这类语音已存在于全球半数语言中。
But more and more are suffering and lives are being compromised.(现在
进行时的被动语态，2022·浙江1月卷)
但越来越多的人在受苦，他们的生命也正受到威胁。
Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and
24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import，depending
on the sugar content.(现在完成时的被动语态，2022·全国乙卷)
自4月以来，饮料公司被迫为生产或进口的每升含糖饮料支付18至24便
士不等的费用，具体取决于含糖量。
This land will be protected and available for all generations to come.(一
般将来时的被动语态，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
这片土地将得到保护，并可为后代使用。
2. 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
(1)否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
And there are questions about the films made outside the States， which
sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the
States.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
此外，在美国境外拍摄的电影也存在一些问题，这些电影有时不像在美
国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。
(2)主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，
而将宾语补足语保留不动。这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。
The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who eventually
made her believe that he was her friend， and then she lent him about
￡31，000.(谓语made为主动语态，believe是省略to的不定式作宾语补
足语，2020·天津7月卷)
→The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning by whom she
eventually was made to believe that he was her friend， and then she
lent him about ￡31，000.(谓语was made为被动语态，不定式to believe
为主语补足语，主动语态中省略的to变被动语态时则不能省略)
这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话，这个陌生人最终让她相
信他是她的朋友，然后她借给了他大约31，000英镑。
When I saw Usain Bolt running in 2012 London Olympics， I was
amazed.(谓语saw为主动语态，running为宾语补足语)
→When Usain Bolt was seen running in 2012 London Olympics， I was
amazed.(谓语was seen为被动语态，running为主语补足语)
当我看到尤塞恩·博尔特在2012年伦敦奥运会上跑步时，我感到惊讶。
在主动语态中，make、 hear、 see等词后接不定式作宾补时要省略to，
但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。
(3)带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的直
接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接
宾语变为主语。
While I tend to buy a lot of books， they gave me these three as gifts，
which might add to the meaning I attach to them.
→While I tend to buy a lot of books， these three were given to
me as gifts， which might add to the meaning I attach to
them.(2020·全国 Ⅰ 卷)
虽然我通常买很多书，但这三本书是作为礼物送给我的，这可能会增加
它们对我的意义。
(4)动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不
可去掉后面的介词或副词。
Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources
wisely.(主动语态，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→These precious natural resources had been taken care of by native
Americans wisely.(被动语态，介词of不可省略)
美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。
3. 动词不定式的被动形式及用法
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定
式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。
(1)一般式：to be done表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之后或与
谓语动作同时发生。
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how
frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works
best for you both.(2022·全国乙卷)
确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过了，双方希望保持怎样的联系频率，以及
哪种方法最适合彼此。
Though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy， few
like large solar panels to be installed near them.(2023·浙江1月卷)
虽然越来越多的人接受了太阳能的概念，但很少有人喜欢在他们附近安
装大型太阳能电池板。
(2)完成式：to have been done，表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作
之前。
Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to
have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to
be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.(2016·天
津卷)
那些在童年时期从事劳动最多的人，与各种各样的人建立友好关系的可
能性是其他人的两倍，收入高的可能性是其他人的五倍，而失业的风险
比其他人低16倍。
4. 难点突破
(1)主动语态表被动意义。
①有些动词如read、 write、 clean、 wash、 iron、 burn、 draw、
cook、 keep、 cut、 open、 sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属
性时，常和副词well、 easily、 smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表
示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种
内在的特点。这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。
The book sells well.
这本书卖得很好。
②动词need、 require、 want及形容词worth后加动词－ing的主动形式
表被动意义。
I could see things needed doing， but would not do anything.
我能看到需要做的事情，但我什么都不会去做。
(2)动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况。
①不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且句中出现了动
作的逻辑主语时，如果动作的执行者在主语或宾语中没有出现，则用不
定式的被动式。
India still have many poor children to take care of.
印度仍有许多贫困儿童要去照管。
②在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状
语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形
式表达被动含义。这样的形容词常见的有amusing、comfortable、
easy、fit、hard、difficult、dangerous、important、impossible、
interesting、 nice、 pleasant、 funny等。
I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs， and I thought it must be easy to
cook.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋，我想它一定很容易烹饪。
③某些动词，如blame、 let/rent (出租)等的不定式用在be后作表语时，
用主动形式表被动意义。
Was I to blame for all these embarrassments？
所有这些尴尬都怪我吗？
1. 单句语法填空
(1)Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live
closer to the center of the circles.(2023·浙江 1月卷)
(2)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—
frequently by plane— (view)as important
for scientists to get together and exchange information.(2022·浙江1月卷)
were permitted
has been viewed/is viewed
(3)This ability (recognize) that a shape will need
(turn) in a specific direction before it will fit is called an
“allocentric frame of reference”.(2022·全国甲卷改编)
(4)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who
(trap) in the mountains for two days.(2018·北京卷)
(5)They are easy (care) for and make great
presents.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
to recognize
to be
turned
had been
trapped
to care
(6)He (see) sitting there without doing anything last night.
(7)An interesting story (tell) to me by my father now.
was seen
is being told
2. 补全句子
(1)The villager will .
那个村民会指给你要走的秘密通道。
(2)The elderly residents in care homes in London are
to stop them feeling lonely.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)
伦敦养老院的老年居民被分发了母鸡让他们去照料，以防止他们感
到孤独。
show you the secret path to take
being given hens
to look after
(3)He was extremely disappointed to hear that he
.
听到无法获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。
(4)He is said Tsinghua University.
据说他已经被清华大学录取了。
(5)Every boy and every girl on
Sunday.
每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
would not be given a
doctor’s degree
to have been admitted to
wishes to attend the party to be held
(6)Attention， please！ A meeting at 8：00
a.m. tomorrow. Everyone on time.
请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
will be held in the office
is expected to attend
本单元的写作任务是写科幻故事。写科幻故事是开放式作文的一
种，一般给出一段材料，要求我们充分发挥想象力来拓展原材料内容，
运用逻辑推理的方法，沿着材料的纵横方向延伸，给故事添加开头、结
尾或中间过程。想象必须合理而且内容要丰富，要抓住主题，运用恰当
的词汇、句型与语句间的连接成分写出连贯的表达，语言要流畅，具有
美感。具体写作格式如图所示：
1. 开头句
(1)It is seven o’clock in the morning when I wake up on 4 April 2040.
当我在2040年4月4日醒来时，已经是早上7点了。
(2)Though the scientists never saw the real aliens，I still believe that
besides human beings， life must exist in the universe.
虽然科学家们从未见过真正的外星人，但我仍然相信除了人类之外，宇
宙中还存在其他生命体。
2. 中间句
(1)Robots will play an important role in our future life.
机器人将在我们未来的生活中扮演着重要角色。
(2)Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live with robots in
the next 50 years？
你有没有想过未来50年和机器人一起生活会是怎样的？
(3)We can imagine everything will be done easily and automatically.
我们可以想象，一切事情都会被轻松且自动地完成。
(4)Robots may be the smartest thing except humans in the future.
在未来，机器人可能是除人类以外最聪明的事物。
(5)I was so puzzled that I couldn’t believe what I had seen.
我感到十分困惑，简直不敢相信自己所看到的一切。
(6)Robots have made our daily lives more convenient.
机器人使我们的生活更加便利。
3. 结尾句
(1)In a word， my life will be richer and more colourful.
总之，我的生活会更加丰富多彩。
(2)This is the life that I am looking forward to.
这就是我所期待的生活。
1. 意外收获；奖金；红利 n.
2. 小说；虚构的事 n.
3. 庄重；庄严；尊严 n.
4. 薪水；薪金 n.
5. 诚实正直；完整；完好 n.
bonus
fiction
dignity
salary
integrity
6. 指甲；趾甲；钉子n. (用钉子)钉牢；固定vt.
7. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓vt.
8. 活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)n.
9. 控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组n.
10. 每周的adj.周刊 n.
11. 女主席；女董事长；女委员长n.
12. 面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉n.
13. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的adj.
14. 最大极限的adj. 最大量；最大限度n.
nail
suspend
venue
panel
weekly
chairwoman
flour
superior
maximum
15. 劳动(者)；体力劳动n. 奋斗；努力工作vi.
16. 皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套n.
17. 英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)n.
18. 向后；倒着；往回adv.
19. 紧握；抓紧vt.&vi.
20. 侄女；外甥女n.
21. (去)拿来；(去)请来vt.
22. 手帕；纸巾n.
23. 灯；台灯n.
labour
leather
inch
backwards
grip
niece
fetch
handkerchief
lamp
24. 速度；步伐；节奏n. 确定速度；调整节奏vt.&vi.
25. 随机的；不可思议的adj.
pace
random
26. 泥；泥浆n.
27. ridiculous
28. absurd
29. ladder
30. rumour
31. presume
32. whereas
mud
愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
荒谬的；荒唐的
梯子；阶梯
谣言；传闻
假设；假定
然而；但是；尽管
33. alien
34. blurred
35. lever
36. fare
37. hazy
38. puff
39. inaction
40. jolt
41. flip
42. stun
外星人(生物)；外国人；陌生的；外星的；外国的
模糊不清的；难以区分的
操纵杆；杠杆
车费；船费；飞机票价
模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息
无行动；不采取措施
震动；摇晃；颠簸；(使)震动
(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
使震惊；使昏迷
1. 用……做实验
2. 检验；测试
3. 出差
4. 更像是；更接近
5. 出于好意
6. 更确切地说
experiment with
test out
on a business trip
more like
as a favour
or rather
7. 对……粗鲁
8. 设法做某事；设法做到
9. 在恋爱中
10. 毕竟；终究
11. 拥抱某人
12. 根据；以……的方式(基准)
13. 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
14. 比……更好；更胜一筹
be rude to
manage to do sth
in a relationship
after all
take sb on one’s arms
on a…basis
pros and cons
superior to
15. 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
16. 与……冲突或抵触
17. 和以前一样
18. 大约；左右
19. 停下来歇口气
20. 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
21. (逐渐)减少；消失
take over
conflict with
as before
or so
draw a breath
turn out
fall away
22. 有强烈的欲望做某事
23. 推动……前进；向前推……
24. 尊敬地对待某人
25. 有个约会
26. 涂指甲油
27. 一盏悬在天花板上的灯
28. 跳到；直接转到(某个部分、阶段或内容)
29. 从梯子上摔下来
have an urge to
push…forwards
treat sb with dignity
have an appointment
paint nails
a light suspended from the ceiling
skip to
fall off the ladder
30. 惊奇地
31. 面部表情
32. 感到尴尬
33. ……很荒谬
34. 提升某人的社会地位
with wonder
facial expressions
feel embarrassed
it is ridiculous that
improve one’s social position
1. 出于好意，托尼答应帮助克莱尔让她变得更漂亮，让她的家也变得
更高雅。
， Tony promised to help Claire
.
2. 由于不允许他陪她去商店，他就写了一张装修房子所需的物品清
单。
， he wrote out
a list of things .
As a favour
make herself more
beautiful and her home more elegant
As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops
that he would need for his work on the house
3. 克莱尔感谢托尼，并称他为“亲爱的”。
Claire thanked Tony， .
4. 她转过身来，(发现)格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
， Gladys Claffern.
5. 从她脸上的表情来看，克莱尔意识到格拉迪丝以为他们是婚外情人
关系。
， Claire knew that Gladys thought they
were .
telling him that he was a “dear”
As she turned around
there stood
By the look on her face
in a relationship
6. 托尼对克莱尔说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她就像格拉迪丝一样
好。
Tony told her
Gladys.
7. 他建议她在他离开之前，也就是拉里回来的前一天晚上，邀请格拉
迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。
He suggested that
.
she was being sensitive and was just as good as
she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the
night before he was to leave and Larry was to return
8. 到那时，托尼预计正在全面改造的房子将会完工。
， Tony expected that the house，
， .
9. 克莱尔试图帮忙修理悬挂在天花板上的吊灯，但她却从梯子上摔了
下来。
Claire
， but she fell off the ladder.
By that time
which was being
completely transformed
would be ready
tried to help by working on a light suspended from the
ceiling
10. 她听见他郑重地说，他不想在第二天就离开她，而且他想要的不仅
仅是讨她欢心。
that he did not want to leave her the next
day， and .
11. 就在今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始运行了。
.
She heard him declare
that he felt more than just the desire to please her
It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began
its career
12. 很难解释时间旅行时那种奇怪且不愉快的感觉。
.
13. 太阳和月亮看起来仿佛被抛向了天空，但很快，黑夜和白昼就
分开了。
The sun and moon looked
， but soon .
It is hard to explain the strange and unpleasant feeling of time
travelling
as if they were being thrown across the
sky
there was division between night and day
14. 我有一种强烈的冲动，想要去看看那些在我眼前一闪而过的各
种东西！
at the random things that were being
flashed before my eyes！
I had a strong urge to look
15. 只要我以最快的速度行驶，那就不会有问题。但是如果我停下来，
而同一空间又被别的东西占据，我们就会被迫凑到一起，然后像炸弹一
样爆炸！
， it didn’t matter. But if
I stopped and ， we would be forced together and explode like a bomb！
So long as I travelled at maximum speed
the same space was being occupied by something else
基础词汇 拓展词汇 1 fiction n. 小说；
虚构的事
adj. 虚构的；小
说(中)的
adv. 虚构地；
编造地
vt. 使虚构化；把(真人真
事)改编成小说
(或电影)
fictional
fictionally
fictionalise
基础词汇 拓展词汇 2 n.
嘲笑；奚落；讥
笑 vt. 嘲笑；奚
落；讥笑 ridiculous adj.
愚蠢的；荒谬
的；荒唐的
adv. 荒谬地；可笑地
n. 荒谬；滑稽
ridicule
ridiculously
ridiculousness
基础词汇 拓展词汇 3 integrity n. 诚实
正直；完整；完
好
vi.&vt. (使)合
并；(使)加入
adj. 各部分密
切协调的；综
合的；完整一
体的
adj. 必需的；
不可或缺的
4 dignity n. 庄
重；庄严；尊严
adj. 有尊严的；
庄严的；庄重的 vt.
使有尊严；使
崇高
n. 侮辱；轻蔑
integrate
integrated
integral
dignified
dignify
indignity
基础词汇 拓展词汇 5 absurd adj. 荒谬
的；荒唐的
n. 荒谬；荒唐
adv. 荒谬地；
荒唐地 /
6 vt.
任命；委托 appointment n.
预约；约会；委
任
adj. 被任命
的；指定的
n. 被任命者；
被委托者
absurdity
absurdly
appoint
appointed
appointee
基础词汇 拓展词汇 7 guilty adj. 内疚
的；有罪的；有
过失的 n. 罪
责；内疚
adv. 内疚地；
有罪地
n. 内疚；有罪
8 suspend vt. 悬；
挂；暂停；暂缓
n. 暂停；延期
adj. 可疑的；
暂停的 /
guilt
guiltily
guiltiness
suspension
suspensive
基础词汇 拓展词汇 9 dismiss vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 n.
解雇；开除
adj. 轻蔑的；
鄙视的
adv. 不屑一顾地；轻蔑地
10 declare vt. 表
明；宣称；公布 .
n. 公告；宣告；声明(书)；宣布
adj. 公开宣布
(或声明、表
态)的 /
dismissal
dismissive
dismissively
declaration
declared
基础词汇 拓展词汇 11 presume vt.&vi.
假设；假定
n. 假定；假设
adj. 很可能的；假设的；推断的
adv. 假定
地；假设地
12 calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测
n. 计算；估计
adj. 计划好的；精心策划的；蓄意的
n. 计算器(指
电子设备或软
件)
presumption
presumptive
presumptively
calculation
calculated
calculator
基础词汇 拓展词汇 13 alien n. 外星人(生
物)；外国人adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的 vt.
使疏远；离间 adj.
可转让的；可让渡的 /
14 vi.&vt.
(使)变得模糊不清；(使)看不清 blurred adj. 模糊
不清的；难以区
分的 adj. 模糊
不清的 /
alienate
alienable
blur
blurry
基础词汇 拓展词汇 15 inaction n. 无行
动；不采取措施
adj. 无行动的；
不活跃的；未使
用的
adv. 不活动
地；无用地 /
16 n. 雾
霾；迷蒙 hazy adj. 模糊
的；朦胧的；困
惑的
adv. 朦胧地；
模糊地
n. 朦胧；模
糊；浑浊性
inactive
inactively
haze
hazily
haziness
基础词汇 拓展词汇 17 vi.
&vt. 分割；(使)分开 division n. 分
开；分隔；差
异；除(法)
adj. 部门的；
师的
adj. 造成不和的；制造分裂的
18 urge n. 强烈的
欲望；冲动 vt.
催促；力劝；大力推荐 n.
紧急；迫切
adj. 紧急的；
迫切的
adv. 紧急地；
迫切地
divide
divisional
divisive
urgency
urgent
urgently
基础词汇 拓展词汇 19 random adj. 随机的；不可思议的
adv. 随机地；胡乱地
n. 随机性；随意
vt. 使随机
化；(使)作任
意排列
20 explode vi.&vt.
爆炸；爆破 n.
爆炸；爆破
adj. 易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的 n. 爆炸物
adv. 爆发地；引起爆炸地
randomly
randomness
randomise
explosion
explosive
explosively
基础词汇 拓展词汇 21 stun vt. 使震
惊；使昏迷
adj. 令人震惊
的；绝妙的 n.
令人震惊的人或物；绝妙的事物
adv. 令人震惊地；绝妙地
22 mud n. 泥；泥
浆 adj.
泥泞的；多泥的 n. 泥泞；泥污 vt. 弄乱；搅混
stunning
stunner
stunningly
muddy
muddiness
muddle
基础词汇 拓展词汇 23 n. 优越(性)；优
势 superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
adv. 超越其他
地；卓越地 /
24 labour n. 劳动
(者)；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作 adj. 缓慢而困难的；费力的
n. 体力劳动 n. 体力劳动者；劳工；工人
superiority
superiorly
laboured
labouring
labourer
基础词汇 拓展词汇 25 pace n. 速度；
步伐；节奏
vt.&vi. 确定速
度；调整节奏 adj. 快
节奏的；能跑快
的 n.
步测；步调 n.
领跑人；起搏
器；定速装置
26 puff n. (烟、气
等的)一缕；少
量；喘息 adj.
肿胀的；松软洁
白的 n.
河豚；吹捧
者；吸入器(吸
药用) n. 夸大广告；吹捧
pacy
pacing
pacer
puffy
puffer
puffery
基础词汇 拓展词汇 27
adj. 最大的；最高的 maximum adj.
最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 vt. 充分利用；最大限度地利用
adv. 最大地；最高地
28 flip vt.&vi. (使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛 n.
(海豹、海龟等
的)鳍肢；(潜
水、游泳用的)
脚蹼 adj. 轻率的；没礼貌的 n. 轻率；无礼
maximal
maximise
maximally
flipper
flippant
flippancy
基础词汇 拓展词汇 29 vt. 夸大；夸张；言过其实 overstatement n. 夸大；夸张 adj. 夸张的；过高的 /
30 adj. 销售的；售货的 n. 销售；销售额 saleswoman n.
女售货员；女推
销员 n. 售货员；推销员 /
overstate
overstated
sales
salesman