【高考总复习】高考英语B词汇复习板块4

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
B7
163.brick/br k/ / BRICS
n.The red brick building over there is the city hospital.
n.BRICS :巴西（Brazil）/ 俄罗斯（Russia）/ 印度（India）中国（China)南非（South Africa）的英文首字母。由于该词与英语单词的砖（Brick）类似， 因此被称为“金砖五国”
(既是单词，又是组织机构的还有：
→n.
OPEC / .pek/:
Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries.
石油输出国组织
opaque / pe k/ adj.
不透明的
→transparent
/tr n sp r. nt/ adj.
透明的
Her blouse was
particularly
transparent, it is gross.
The parent wore opaque
sunglasses to block their view of the images.
→n.SWIFT:
Society for Worldwide
Inter-bank Financial
Telecommunication
环球银行同业金融电讯协会 (China Telecom :
China Telecommunication 中国电信）
swift /sw ft/ adj.
迅速的，快速的
Her swift reply surprised
me , as I thought she
was sleeping at the time.
164.brief/bri f/ adj. /v.
debrief / di bri f/ v.
adj.
1)Now, please be brief, my time is valuable.
→in brief
In brief, the meeting was a disaster.
In brief, take no risks.
v. brief sb on / about sth
事前简介某事
The CEO was briefed on the operation of the new
system by the department
managers.
v.debrief sb on/ about sth
事后简报某事
The pilots were thoroughly
debriefed after
every mission.
brilliant / br l.j nt/ adj.
brilliantly adv.
1)The sky was a brilliant, cloudless blue.
2)"Did you like the film "
"I thought it was brilliant."
Her mother was a brilliant
scientist.
adv. brilliantly coloured bird
feathers
He seems to do everything
brilliantly - piano playing,
skiing, sailing.
165.bring 短语：
bring about
bring back / bring back to life
bring in / bring out
bring on / bring off
bring up / bring down
bring forth
bring sth to an end
bring about (=result in =cause )
The accident was brought
about by John's
carelessness．
The heavy spring rains brought
about the flood．
bring back
①You must bring back these books by Monday.
His sudden appearance
brought back our happy
childhood together.
Mrs. Webb,26,is said to be
the first woman in Britain
to have her hearing
brought back by
acupuncture.(针灸）
(bring back to life)
Once someone has died, he cannot be brought back to life
The rain, the wind ,the mild temperature has brought the spring back to life .
3)bring in 入内
Bring the washing in, it's raining outside.
②Though we have made
some achievements, we
still need bring in
advanced technology and
equipment.
We need to bring in an
expert to deal with the
complicated situation.
③He does a part-time job
that brings him in more or
less 1,000 yuan a
month.(日进斗金）
bring out 显出
①He brought out his gun and pointed at me.
②bring out the best in sb
bring out the worst in sb
Only crisis could bring out
the best /the worst in a
person.
The dress really bring
out the color of your eyes.
③bring out =come out
The band has just brought
out their second album.
The factory brought out
the second generation
tractor.
bring on
褒义：促成 （汪辜会谈）
贬义：导致 （世界大战 ）
① (to help someone to improve, especially
through training orpractice)
The sun is bringing the crops on nicely.
The new piano teacher has really brought Him on.
②=cause=result in v.
He was suffering from stress brought on by overwork.
Reading in the dim light may bring on headache.
口：bring it on
口语“Bring it on” 当有人在跟你说“bring it on”的时候，并不是叫你“把它带上来”。而是
在挑衅你。
bring it on ｜放马过来啊
You bastard, wanna fight Bring
it on !
你个混球，想打架是吧，来吧
We want to maintain world peace, But if A country is going to invade our nation. We
don't fear. just bring it on.
Lion king: This is our territory, you get out of here or we will beat you black and blue.
The invader: Just bring it on. From now on,this is my territory. You go to hell.
bring off (=succeed)=
come off =pay off
You've brought it off at last．I am glad you have passed the test．
bring up 节节高
①（=raise）
The couple brought up
Many children of the
martyrs.
His parents died in the
car accident , he was
brought up by his aunt .
②（=come up with=think of )
The meeting president
brought it up for
discussion /
consideration.
③（=vomit）
She cried out loud in the
kitchen and I thought she
would bring up the
breakfast.
n. upbringing
抚养，养育，教养
Your Dad's upbringing was
totally different to mine.
He rebelled against his
strict upbringing.
bring down 压低
①The pilot brought the plane down gently.
②The government has
already taken measures
to bring down the price
of food.
③The scandal may bring
down the government.
bring forth=produce
①She brought forth a son yesterday evening.
Trees bringing forth the fruits.
②Your efforts will surely
bring forth good results.
Going back will bring
forth a flood of happy
memories.
bring forward
提前
The elections were
brought forward by three
months.
The police brought forward some new evidence in the case.
bring sth to an end /
a close/
a stop
The driver brings the car to a sudden
stop .
broad/br d/ adj.
broaden
/ br .d n/ v.
breadth /bredθ/ n.
breath n.
adj.
She gazed in admiration at his
broad, muscular shoulders.
The magazine covers a broad
range of subjects, from
sewing to psychology.
短语：in broad daylight 大白天，光天化日下
Thieves had broken into the house in broad daylight.
n.The novel accurately reflects the breadth of
his interests.
a swimming pool with a breadth of 10 metres
and a length of 50 metres.
v. to broaden one’s horizon 开扩视野
The track broadens and becomes a road at this point.
I hoped that going to
college might broaden my
horizons (= increase the range of my knowledge
and experience).
broadcast
/ br d.kɑ st/ n. / v.
n. a radio/ TV broadcast
a live broadcast
v. broadcast-broadcast
-broadcast
broadcast-broadcasted
-broadcasted
The tennis championship is
broadcast live to several
different countries.
The ceremony was
broadcast on the internet.
168. brochure/ br . r/ n.
I believed that you have received a brochure
outlining the
History and products of
our company.
区分：
catalogue brochure
directory index
catalogue
(美亦作 catalog)
/ k t. l. ɡ/ n.
指商品目录、展品目录或图书馆中的目录。
Please send me a mail
order catalogue.
The library has a catalogue
of all its books, arranged
in alphabetical order.
2)brochure/ br . r/ n.
小册子
指包含产品或服务信息的宣传手册或说明书。
We sent away for a
brochure about holidays in Europe.
directory /d rek.t r.i/ n.
名录
指通常按字母顺序排列的姓 名地址录、公司名录、电话簿等。
They really need a new
business directory.
He thumbed through the
directory to look for her
number.
4)index / n.deks/ n. 索引
指书后面列出的可供检索的
人名、主题等的列表。
There is no index at the
back of this book.
The index is arranged in
alphabetical order.
169.broom /bru m/n.
The pond was drained so
that the staff could sweep
out the bottom with
brooms.
金雀花
The mountains are covered
in a scrub of broom and
myrtle.
170.bucket / b k. t/
171.Buddhism
/ b d. .z m/ n.
Buddhist
/ b d. st/ n.
n.
China-Japan tea culture has been seeped
through with three schools of thought
Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.
(Confucianism
/k n fju . n. zm/
Taoism / ta . .z m/
Buddhism / b d. .z m/
Christianity
/ kr s.ti n. .ti/)
172.budget/ b d . t/ n./v.
n. be on a tight budget
be on a loose budget
within budget
over budget
education budget
defence budget
The school budget is
going to be cut again
this year.
We have to carry out the project on a tight budget.
v. An extra $20 million has been budgeted for schools this year.
区分：
budget / allowance/
revenue/ compensation
→budget :
a plan to show how
much money a person
or organization will earn
and how much they
will need or be able to
spend.
→allowance: / la . ns/ n.
an amount of money that parents regularly give
to their child to spend as
they choose.
money that you are
given regularly,
especially to pay for
a particular thing.
→revenue / rev. n.ju /:
the income that
a government or company
receives regularly
IRS:Internal Revenue
Serivce 国税局
→compensation
/ k m.pen se . n/:
money that is paid to
someone in exchange
for something that has
been lost or damaged or for some problem.
173.buffet
/ b f.e //b fe / n.
This morning I went to a
restaurant famous for its
brunch buffet .
v. / b f. t/
（风、雨等）连续猛击，打击
The little boat was buffeted mercilessly by the waves.
174.build/b ld/ v. / n.
1)build on / upon ...
We must develop our national economy by building on the development of agriculture．
build up
“宣传造势”为来访“做好准备”
“树立”形象，“增强”信心
①The play was built up to be the masterpiece of the new age.
②It is essential to build up the military
option and show that this is not a bluff
③ She’s built up a success business.
④build up one’s body / strength
强身健体
The vaccine is designed to build up our resistance against the virus.
歌曲：build me up
n. The suspect was of slim build with short, dark hair.
172.build-up n.
1)The steady build-up of traffic in the evenings.
2)The build-up to the president’s visit.
3)The media has given the show huge build-up.
175.bump/b mp/ n. / v.
n.
Goose bumps
=goose pimples
鸡皮疙瘩
She fell against our coffee
table and got a large bump
on her forehead.
2) bumper car
The travelers felt the
bump and knew that
the ship run aground.
v.
1)bump against / into sth
The stool is placed in front
of the door, so people
often bump against it while walking by.
2)bump +adv./ prep.
The jeep bumped along the dirt road.
176.bun /b n/n.
a hamburger bun
She wore her hair in a
bun.
a buttock (= one side of a
person's bottom)
屁股（的一边）
177.bunch/b nt / n.
a bunch of ....
1)a bunch of grapes/
a bunch of flowers /
a bunch of idle workers /
a bunch of ladies /
a bunch of cowboys
bungalow
/ b .ɡ l. / n.
The old couple sold that large house and moved into a small bungalow so as to live
romantically in a seaside bungalow.
179. bureau/ bj .r / n.
bureaucratic
/ bj .r kr t. k/ adj.
bureaucracy
/bj r k.r .si/ n.
n.FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation
adj.bureaucratic power
bureaucratic inefficiency.
n It has relaxed visa requirements, cut back
bureaucracy, and is offering subsidies
for big foreign investors.
180.burden / b .d n/n./ v.
n. To ease one’s burden
Buying a house often
places a large financial
burden on young couples.
The war had put an
insupportable financial
burden on the country.
v.burden sb with sth=sb be burdened with...
I don't want to burden you with my problems.
burglar / b .ɡl r/ n.
burglary / b .ɡl r.i/ n.
n. The burglar took a quick glance around and then stole into the house.
n.
The principal felonies are
homicide, rape, theft,
robbery, burglary and
arson.
偷窃 theft /θeft/n.
小偷theif /θi f/n.
（steal /sti l/ v.
Steal-stole-stolen
stealth /stelθ/ n.
偷，人类最古老的“职业”之一，有时被称为盗窃，小偷小摸或是大盗大窃，都是偷。盗窃是新西兰最常见的犯罪之一，偷家庭财产，偷商店货物，偷钱偷房偷情….OH，远了，偷情不算偷。
盗窃，就是在未经所有者同意的情况下拿走他人的财产，并意图永久剥夺（这里有个词值得记忆，deprive，剥夺）所有者对财产的使用权或占有权。
抢劫 robbery / r b. r.i/
抢劫犯robber / r b. r/
就是使用任何形式的武力从某人手中夺走财产，就是抢劫 robbery。抢劫在新西兰是比较严重的犯罪，判罚通常也更重。
入室盗窃 burglary
入室盗窃，指的是犯罪者必须进入一个建筑内（可以商店、也可以是民宅），并且意图在其中进行盗窃犯罪。它与 theft 最大的区别就是一定要进入一个场所，一个固定的空间，一个不属于坏人自己的空间才行。
Theft inc。盗窃集团
Stealth thief game 隐身大盗
B8
burst /b st/ n. / v.
v. burst --burst--burst
burst =break up
The pipe burst and water
was spraying everywhere.
If I eat any more cake ,I will burst.
n. a burst in the water pipe.
a burst of laughter /
applause/
burst 短语：
be bursting with sth
=be filled with
I knew they were bursting with curiosity but I said nothing.
2)burst in =break in
A gunman burst in and
pumped five bullets into
her head.
3)burst in on sb/sth
(=disturb/ interrupt)
Sorry, i burst in on you like this, but i have sth urgent to tell you, now.
4)burst into +n. /sw.
Don’t burst into my
bedroom without
knocking.
5)burst out+Ving
She burst out crying
(laughing, singing).
注意：burst into 同break into,
burst out 同 break out
burst into tears = burst out crying
burst into laughter = burst out laughing
burst into song
=burst out singing
bury/ ber.i/ v.
burial/ ber.i. l/ n.
v.
1)bury the dead
I was horrified that
people thought of me dead and would bury me alive.
2)bury one’s face/ one’s
Emotions
She buried her face in her hands and began to sob.
3)bury oneself in (doing)sth
埋头苦干 ---
完全沉浸于某种状态
Since her marriage
ended, she has buried
herself in her work.
n. He can have a decent burial.
181.burn /b n/ v.
burn-burned-burned
burn-burnt-burnt
1)burn out 燃尽，烧坏
It looks like the starter motor on the car has burned out.
引申：burn oneself out
把自己烧没了--累惨了
Stop working so hard - you'll burn yourself out.
n.burnout
employees complaining of/suffering burn-out
2)burn up
①=have a fever
"You're burning up!" she said, touching his forehead.
②burn sb up
把某人烧起来了--惹怒某人
I was really burned up by her comment.
③burn sth up燃尽，烧尽
Meteorites often burn up in the atmosphere before they reach the ground.
burn the midnight oil
工作到深夜;熬夜工作
burning hot 炙烤的
We need first to endure the burning
hot depression
bush/b / n.
ambush/ m.b / v.
n. bush
jungle / d .ɡ l/
forest / f r. st/
woods /w dz/
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush .（见歌曲）
The meadow was covered with small bushes and grass.
The lion is often called the king of the jungle.
They were
campaigning
against the
destruction of the rain forest.
We went for a walk in the woods after
lunch.
v. He was ambushed by gunmen on his way to work.
n. lie in ambush
Our soldiers lay in ambush in the jungle to wait for the enemies.
business
/ b z.n s/n.
businessman
businesswoman
business hours
营业时间
on business出差
a business
Appointment
商务会面
Business is good/brisk/
booming/
flourishing.
生意兴隆。
Business is bad/
slack/quiet 生意清淡。
How is business
现在生意怎么样？
2)none of your business
My private life is none of your business.
3)Mind your business
Who do you think
you are Mind your own business.
4)get down to business
Right, now that everyone has met, let's get down to business.
but / butt/ butter
/butterfly / button
1)but conj./prep. / adv.
①nothing but .....
(but =except=apart from)(表肯定）
He is nothing but a liar and
fraud
②anything but ...（表否定）
The hotel is anything but cheap.
③but for ...(用于虚拟语气）
But for your help, I might
have failed.
④have no choice but to do
Sth
do nothing but do sth
I have no choice but to do as he tells me.
Your problems won't be resolved if
you do nothing but abuse alcohol.
⑤can’t help but do sth
When a close friend dies, we can't help but feel sad.
182.butt/b t/ n.
①They struck him with their rifle butts.
(be the butt of one’s jokes)
She was the butt of some unkind jokes.
②butt=buttocks
Get off your butt and do something useful.
3)butter/ b t. r/ n.
Fry the mushrooms in a little butter
4)butterfly n.
①butterfly effect
②have butterflies( in one’s stomach )
忐忑
I had terrible butterflies before I gave that talk in Venice.
5）button/ b t. n/ n.
①shirt buttons
do up buttons
undo buttons
②buttons on the
remote controller
/r m t/ /k n tr .l r/ :
play button pause button backward button
stop button fast -forward button
butcher
/ b t . r/ n. / v.
butchery
/ b t . r.i/ n.
n. Talk about books with a teacher, and talk
about pigs with a butcher.
v. They butcher my mother and my sister.
n. In her view, war is just a legalized form
of butchery.
183. by
1)sth be done by sb/ sth
The feast was served by his mother and sisters...
2) go to sw. by+means of transportation (single form)
We'll be travelling by car. /by air / by subway / by bike / by CRH
3)by (doing )sth
I learn English by listening to the radio or watching English films
by accident /
by chance /
by any chance
by mistake
take sb by surprise
by design
=on purpose
by coincidence
/k n.s .d ns/
I met him by chance out walking
yesterday...
He opened Ingrid's letter by mistake...
What he said at the meeting really took us by surprise.
He hit the boy by design, his purpose was to cause his death.
Just by coincidence, I met my classmate against at the airport 50 years later.
5)by and large
There are a few small things that I don't like about my job, but by and large it's very enjoyable.
By and large, the authors have achieved that goal.
6)by far
They are by far the best students in the class.
It was better by far to be clear-headed.
7)by nature /
by birth
by profession 就（本性、职业或出身）而言
I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is loving by nature...
She's a nurse by profession and now runs a counselling service for women...
8)by one’s watch
by one’s standard
by prescription
by all means (口）
当然可以
by no means 绝不
by any means
用任何可能手段
...evening wear that was
discreet by his
standards.
You could only buy the medicine by a doctor’s prescription.
What time is it by your watch
A:May I borrow your book
B:By all means.
This is by no means the end of the matter .
Survive by any means necessary.
9)catch sb by the arm/
the shoulder
（用于表示抓住身体某部位或握住物体某部分）
He caught her by the shoulder and turned her around...
She was led by the arm to a small room at the far end of the corridor...
10)by = beside
=be close to
stand by you
Judith was sitting in a rocking-chair by the window...
Felicity Maxwell stood by the bar and ordered a glass of wine...
11)pass by
(passer-by n. )
bystander n. )
A few cars passed close by me...
Police asked passers-by if they had seen the accident.
12)stop by sw.
=drop by sw.
by the way
Daddy called and asked me to drop by his office.
He went to Taiwan by the way of Hong Kong .
13)by=before
by the end of this month
by the end of last month
14)by day =in the day
by night =at night
=in the evening.
15)A multiplied by B
A divided by B
16)increase by ....
decrease by
17)little by little
bit by bit
word by word
one by one
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