【高考总复习】高考英语C词汇复习板块4

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
C10
competent
/ k m.p .t nt/ adj.
competence / k m.p .t ns/ n.(=competency n.)
incompetent / n k m.p .t nt/ adj. incompetence / n k m.p .t ns/ n.
adj. be competent to do sth
I don’t feel competent to deal with the medical
emergency.
He has described the
government as corrupt
and incompetent.
n. He reached a reasonable
level of competence in
his English.
Management have
demonstrated almost
unbelievable incompetence in their
handling of the dispute.
compete/k m pi t/ v.
competition
/ k m.p t . n/ n.
competitive
/k m pet. .t v/ adj.
competitor
/k m pet. .t r/ n.
v. compete with sb (for sth )
compete against sb( for sth)
The company has to be
able to compete globally.
Both girls compete for
their father's attention.
n. enter a competition
win/ lost a competition
Competition between /with sb for sth
In competition with sb/sth
There's a lot of
competition between
computer companies.
The two companies are in competition with
each other.
adj. competitive advantage
competitive spirit
competitive sports
complain/k m ple n/ v.
complaint/k m ple nt/ n
v. complain to sb
complain of / about sth
1)对人：抱怨
Bill and Nancy are always complaining about their neighbor, whose dog frightens their
kids.
2)对机构：投诉
If the service was so bad why didn't you
complain to the manager
3)对医生：诉说病情
He went to the doctor complaining of severe headache these days.
n.
1)a complaint letter
The customers made complaint to the hotel manager about the lack of hygiene in food and bed clothing.
=illness
a heart complaint
a stomach complaint
complete
/k m pli t/ adj.
incomplete adj.
completely adv.
adj.
1)The man's a complete fool!
2)a complete set
I have collected the
complete set.
adj. The decision was based on incomplete or
inaccurate information.
complete /k m pli t/v.
completion /k m pli· n/n.
使完成，完工，/
使完整，使完美
v.
1)She will complete her
studies in France.
2)The baby completed our
family.
n.
You will be paid on the
completion of the
project.
complex
/ k m.pleks/
/k m pleks/ adj. / n.
complexity /k m plek·s ·t i/ n.
complicated
/ k m.pl .ke .t d/ adj.
复杂心理创伤
adj. complex issue
complex organizational structure
近义词：complicated adj. / k m.pl .ke .t d/
The rules are rather complicated to
follow.
The relationship is a bit complicated. He's my mother's cousin's
daughter's child.
n. There are a lot of complexities surrounding
this issue.
n.
1)尤指由过去的不快经历或自我评价不高造成的）
情结，心理负担，病态心理
I think he's got a complex about
being bald.
Don't go on about her weight -
you'll give her a complex!
2)综合大楼， 建筑群
a shopping complex
sports and leisure complex
pose词根本意为放置
1) pose /p z/n./ v. ：
本身就是一个单词，意为“摆拍，装模作样”。
n.
He adopted/assumed/struck (= moved into) an elegant pose.
She likes to appear as if
she knows all
about the latest films and art
exhibitions, but it's all
A pose
(= she's pretending and
it's not true).
2) compose/k m p z/v. ：
由com-（共同）和pose（放）组成，表示将多个部分放在一起。 意为“组成，构成；创作（音乐、诗歌等）”，
He composed this poem
for his wife.
At that time, women
composed only 1.6
percent of the US forces.
Air is composed mainly
of nitrogen and oxygen.
反义词：
decompose / di .k m p z/ ：意为“分解，腐烂”，由de-（向下、去掉）和compose放在一起的组成，表示将整体分解成部分或使其腐烂。
Many complex problems,
however, cannot be
decomposed into
independent or nearly
independent subproblems.
3) depose /d p z/v.
de（向下，去掉）+pose放置，即不用再安置了，意为（免职、罢免，使下台）、
Gingrich was deposed
as Speaker of the House after the election in 1998.
4) dispose ：由dis-（分开、否定）和pose（放）组成，表示分开放置或进行处理。
disposal /d sp .z l/ n.
n.at your disposal
v.dispose of sb/ sth
The justices have been
arguing about how the case
should be disposed of.
God disposes all things
according to his will.
n.I would take you if I could,
but I don't have a car at my disposal this week.
5) expose / k sp z/ ：
由ex-（向外）和pose（放）组成，表示向外放出或展现。意为“暴露，揭露”，
He damaged his leg so
badly in the accident that
the bone was exposed.
The newspaper story
exposed him as
(= showed that he
was) a liar.
引申：
exposure / k sp . r/n.
The exposure of the
politician's love affair forced
him to resign.
She gradually became deaf
after lengthy exposure
to noise in the workplace.
引申：
exposition / ek.sp z . n/n.
Shanghai Expo
6) impose / m p z/ ：
由im-（向内、进入）和pose（放）组成，表示硬是向内放入或强加给他人。意为“强加于；征税”，
Impose sth on ...
Very high taxes have recently
been imposed on cigarettes.
I don't want them to
impose their religious
beliefs on my children.
7) propose /pr p z/ ：
由pro-（向前）和pose（放）组成，表示向前放出建议或求婚。意为“提出建议；求婚”，
I propose that we wait until
the budget has been
announced before committing
ourselves to any expenditure.
I remember the night your father
proposed to me
8) oppose / p z/ ：
由op-（相对、相反）和pose（放）组成，表示放在相对立的位置或表示反对。 意为“反对”，
oppose doing sth
The proposed new testing system
has been vigorously opposed by
teachers.
I would certainly oppose
changing the system.
9) repose /r p z/ ：
由re-（再次）和pose（放）组成，表示又放回去了，意为：“搁置”“休息”，
She reposed on the sofa.
compose
/k m p z/ v.
v.
1)compose =make up
be composed of ....
.= be make up of
Air is composed mainly
of nitrogen and
oxygen.
The audience was
composed largely of
young people.
←→decompose v.
The body must have been
decomposing for
several weeks.
2)compose for the film
The music was specially composed for the film.
3)compose oneself
compose one’s thoughts
She finally stopped
crying and composed
herself.
注意：由compose词根引申了来的词：
1)compose=make up
be composed of
→composition / k m.p z . n/n.
→component /k m p .n nt/ n.
→decompose
/ di .k m p z/v.
decomposition n.
2)compose for the film
→composition / k m.p z . n/
composer /k m p .z r/ n.
3)compose oneself
→composure /k m p . r/ n.
composition
/ k m.p z . n/ n.
composer
/k m p .z r/ n.
n.1)composition of the atmosphere
2)piano and composition
At music school I studied piano and
composition.
3)Write a 200-world composition on the subject `What I Did on My Holidays'.
n.
The famous jazz musician, Duke Ellington, was a composer, arranger and pianist.
Beethoven, Schumann and Chopin were leading Romantic composers.
component /k m p .n nt/ n.
n. The car component industry
posure /k m p . r/ n.
n. You may feel nervous but don’t lose your composure in front of the camera.
prehend与变体pris
含义：抓住，掌握。
常见变体形式：
pris-，是prehens-在法语中的音变结果。
apprehend：[ pr hend]v.
ap（=ad，去，趋近）+prehend（抓住）→去抓住某人→逮捕
去抓住内容--理解，
apprehension：
[ pr hen n]n.
v. The police have finally
apprehended the killer.
Only now can I begin to
apprehend the power of
these forces.
I apprehend the word but
cannot use it.
n. Both the army and the
police were involved in the
apprehension of
the terrorists.
A full apprehension of all that
is involved is utterly beyond us.
comprehend：
[,kɑmpr 'h nd] vt.
com（一起，全部）+prehend（抓住，掌握）→完全抓住
→理解，领悟
comprehension：
[,kɑmpr 'h n n] n.
comprehensive：[ kɑ mpr hens v]
adj.可理解的--详尽的，全面的，
V. I don't think he fully
comprehends that she won't
be here to help him.
Only then can we
comprehend them more fully
as products of social
change.
n. reading comprehension
adj. Is this list comprehensive or are there some names
missing
prison：['pr zn] n.
pris（=prehens-，抓住）+on（=ion，名词后缀）→监禁
prisoner：['pr zn ] n.
imprison：[ m'pr zn] vt.
n. Conditions in the prison are
said to be appalling.
If you spend any time in
prison, you're labelled as
a criminal for the rest
of your life.
n. Prisoners climbed onto
the prison roof to protest the conditions inside the prison.
v. Unable to go out because of the deep snow, she felt imprisoned in her
own house.
comprise：[k m'pra z] vt.
com（一起,全部）+pris（抓住）+e成
v. comprise sth
be comprised of ....
The course comprises a class book,
a practice book, and a CD.
The accommodation comprises six
bedrooms and three living rooms.
Single women comprise 43% of the
US female voting-age population.
a panel of experts comprised of a librarian,
university faculty, publishers, and industry
people
enterprise：[' nt 'pra z] n.
enter进入+pris（抓住）+e→
进入其中并抓住商机---企业，事业；
（创建企业必须要有）进取心，事业心
Don't forget this is a commercial
enterprise - we're here to
make money.
This is an unusual act of
collaboration between a museum
and a commercial enterprise.
We need someone with enterprise
and imagination to design
a marketing strategy.
They've shown a lot of
enterprise in setting up
this project.
surprise：[s r pra z]vt./ n.
sur（=super-，over，超越，从上面）+pris（抓住）+e→从上面越过去抓住
-- 突然袭击
--使惊奇→惊奇
v. The robbers had just opened the safe when they were surprised by the police.
It doesn't surprise me that
their parents don't want
them to get married.
comprehend
/ k m.pr hend/ v.
comprehension / k m.pr hen. n/ n.
v. I'll never comprehend why she did what she did.
n. reading comprehension
listening comprehension
beyond one’s
comprehension
The misunderstanding is
because of the lack of
comprehension.
What you said at the
speech is beyond our
comprehension.
compromise
/ k m.pr .ma z/ n. / v.
com共同 +promise承诺
共同为达成一个承诺 都做了--妥协，让步
而什么叫妥协，即背离（原则，）
损害（利益）
1)Well, you want $400 and I
say $300, so let's
compromise at/on $350.
2)compromise one’s
principle
Don't compromise your
beliefs/principles for the
sake of being accepted.
3)His political career ended
when he compromised
himself by accepting
bribes.
They were discovered
together in a
compromising situation.
他们被人发现在一起，
场面有伤风化。
n. reach a compromise
confrontation and compromise
/ k n.fr n te . n/
冲突与妥协
co-operation and compromise
/k p. r e . n/
合作与妥协
compulsory
/k m p l.s r.i/ adj.
optional/ p. n. l/ adj.
adj. compulsory education、schooling
Compulsory insurance
强制型保险（强险）
adj. My phone came with 20 optional ringtones.
The basic model is quite cheap, but there are a lot of optional extras.
concede /k n si d/ v.
concession /k n se . n/ n.
1) concede that .....
concede defeat
He kept on arguing and
wouldn't concede defeat.
2)concede one’s power /
authority
He is not willing to
concede any of his
power/authority.
n.1)a concession speech
The former president's
concession came even
before all the votes had been counted.
2)make no concessions to the terrorists
price concession
You can get travel
concessions if you are
under 26.
concession
management
特许经营权管理
cede/ceed
词根代表的意思是：走，
那么下一个问题就是，怎么走，往哪里走？
1)concede /k n si d/
co, con, com的意思是
together，一起。所以说，无
论是两个人，还是两个国家，
要走到一起怎么办？
只有通过承认对方，让步，认输 妥协，让利
I concede。
I concede that you are right.
2)exceed / k si d/
ex表示向外的，走出了一定范
围，表示超过，超越的意思。
Drivers who exceed the
speed limit can expect to be
fined heavily.
3)intercede / n.t si d/
inter，往中间走，一人向前一
步，意思就是调停，调节。
Intercede with sb for sb
Intercede with sb on one’s
behalf
Several religious leaders
have interceded with the
authorities on behalf of
the condemned prisoner.
4)precede /pr si d/
pre表示在…之前，precede
的意思自然就是领先，在…之
前发生。
I preceded him into the
room.
Dinosaurs preceded
mammals.
5)Proceed /pr si d/
pro的意思是深，远。比如professor，pro，深远，词根fess，表示说，能把东西讲得 很深远的人就是教授。
proceed就是一直不停地走下去，翻译过来就是继续进行，发生，行进
How do we proceed
6)recede /r si d/不用多解释了，向后走，意思是后退，退后，退去。
Global economics receded badly during the
subprime mortgage crisis.
the Great Recession，
大衰退。
7)succeed /s k si d/
词根suc其实和subway的那个sub是一个意思，表示under，beneath，after，下面ceed为走，走在后面的,继承，继位。
Wang Jianlin said his son is not willing to
succeed him.
conceit /k n si t/ n.
conceited/k n si .t d/ adj.
n. Conceit and concealment
自负与隐瞒
The fatal conceit
致命的自负
adj. It is conceited of you to assume that your work is always the best.
Conceited people never hear anything but praise.
concentrate/ k n.s n.tre t/ v. /n.
concentration / k n.s n tre . n/ n.
v.
1)concentrate on doing sth
She was concentrating on
her book and his voice
startled her.
2)In the dry season, the
animals tend to
concentrate in the
areas where there is water.
n. concentration camp
I find that yoga improves
my powers of concentration.
463.concept/ k n.sept/ n.
New Concept English
concern
/k n s n/ v. /n.
v.
1)concern sb
It concerned sb that ...
It concerns me that he
hasn't been in contact.
The state of my father's
health concerns us
greatly.
2)to whom it may concern
Matters of pollution and
the environment concern
us all.
What I have to say to Amy
doesn't concern you.
The documentary
concerns a woman who
goes to China as
a missionary.
Address your cover letter to the hiring
manager. Otherwise, begin it with
"To whom it may concern".
3)concern oneself
concern oneself with ...关心，担心
Don't concern yourself. She'll
be home soon.
At this point there's no need to
concern ourselves with the
differences between the
two theories.
n.
There's a lot of public concern
about/over dangerous toxins
recently found in food.
My concern is that you're not getting
enough work done.
The company's sole concern
is to ensure the safety
of its employees.
concerned/k n s nd/ adj. 短语
adj.
1)做后置定语
I'd like to thank everyone concerned for
making party run so smoothly.
2)as far as sb/ sth be concerned
As far as i am concerned ,the
option of going to Canada for
education is totally wrong.
As far as the children are
concerned , having more time for
fun is surely the most important.
3)be concerned about /for
Many people are very concerned about the destruction of the rainforests.
4)be concerned with ...
His job is something concerned with computer.
concerning
/k n s .n /adj. prep.
adj.
The increase in crime rate
in the area is concerning .
adv.
He wrote me a letter concerning the business arrangement.
再分析：
concerned，concerning
这两个词的词义并不相同，用法亦有异。
1)concerned是分词形容词，其意为“有关的involved
This agreement will be
signed by the parties
concerned．
此协议将由各有关方面签署。
They called on all
departments concerned totake prompt steps to
promote the development
of light industry．
他们要求各有关部门迅速采取措施，促进轻工业发展。
由例句可见，concerned用作形容词解作“有关的”时，是后置定语，大都放在它所修饰的名词之后。
2)谓语动词短语
be concerned with
表达一样的效果，译为：
与.....有关：
This book is concerned
with English usage．
此书是与英语惯用法有关。
3)concerning是介词，其意为“关于”（relating to）。请看下面的例句：
This is a proposal
concerning the
construction of the new airport．
这是关于兴建新机场的一项建议。
Yesterday we wrote him a letter concerning the business arrangement．
昨天我们就业务安排问题写了一封信给他。
4)值得注意的是，concerned（亦可表示动词之意）也可解作“关心”、“担心”解，与之搭配的介词为at、about或，用作此意时，concerned也是形容词。例：
He was deeply
concerned at the news．听到这个消息时，他深为担忧。
We are all concerned
about the pollution of
the environment here．
对这里的环境爱到污染，我们都感到不安。
Parents are naturally
concerned for their
children's safety．
父母自然关心他们儿女的安全。
在个别场合下，
concerned with可以和concerning互换使用，原因是which are concerned with
中的which are 省略了。例如：
We had several disputes concerning/
（which are）concerned with this matter．
关于此事，我们曾争论过数次。
6)请注意，下列语句的区别：
They were concerned（worried）
about the matter．
他们为此事而担忧。
They were concerned（implicated）
in the matter．
他们参与此事。
They were concemed （connected）
with the matter．
他们与此事有关。
短语
as far as I am concerned
解作in my opinion；
as far as sth is concerned
解作关于
As far as I'm concerned，this plan
is impractical．
依我来看，这个计划不切实际。
As far as funding is concerned，some
banks have agreed to provide loans．
关于资金方面，一些银行同意提供贷款。
C11
concert/ k n.s t/ n.
New year’s concert
注意：symphony
/ s m.f .ni/ n.
交响乐，交响曲
orchestra
/ .k .str /
管弦乐队
短语：in concert
If the member countries
would act in concert,
the problem might be
solved more easily.
conclude
/k n klu d/ v.
conclusion
/k n klu . n/ n.
conclusive adj.
v.
1)She concluded her
remarks by thanking her
supporters.
2)It's difficult to guess
what they will conclude
from the evidence.
adj.结论性的，确切的
令人信服的
They had conclusive
evidence/proof of
her guilt.
n. conclusion 短语
1)In conclusion
In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
2)bring ....to a conclusion
The son’s appearance brought their quarreling to a conclusion.
3)draw / come to / reach /arrive at a conclusion that ...
I've come to the conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.
4)make a conclusion ...
When I was young , I have made a conclusion that I would be a perfect musician like my father.
词根clude
clude词根源自拉丁文，有“关闭”的意思，引申为“包含在内”、“把某事物收入之中”
1.conclude：[k n'klud] v. 决定，作结论；结束
conclude=con（加强语气）+clud（关）+e→完全关闭→结束，作结论
conclusion：[k n'klu n]
conclusive：[k n'klus v]adj.
决定性的，结论性的；确凿的
v.Before I conclude, I'd like to thank you all for coming.
The discussions continued late into the night, but nothing was concluded.
n. The film has a boringly predictable conclusion.
Did you come to/reach/draw any conclusions at the meeting this morning
adj.They had conclusive evidence/proof of her guilt.
2.include：[ n'klud] vt.包含，包括
结构分析：include=in（里面，进入）+clud（关）+e→关到里面去→包含，包括
inclusion：[ n'klu n]n.包含；内含物【超纲】
inclusive：[ n'klus v] adj.包括的，包含的
v. Your responsibilities will include making appointments on my behalf.
Mozart's musical compositions include symphonies and operas.
n.The book's value stems from its inclusion of multiple viewpoints.
The school has a strong culture of inclusion of students with special needs.
adj. Our aim is to create a fairer, more inclusive society.
I'll be away from 20 to 31 May inclusive.
3.exclude：[ k'skl d] vt. 排除；排斥；拒绝接纳；逐出
结构分析：exclude=ex（外面）+clud（关）+e→关到外面→排除
exclusion：[ k'sklu n]n.
exclusive：[ k'sklus v] adj
排外的. 独有的；高级的，
v. Tom has been excluded from school (= he is not allowed to go to school) for bad behaviour.
We can't exclude the possibility that he is dead.
n. the exclusion of disruptive students from school
her exclusion from the list of Oscar nominees
adj. From our website you can watch exclusive video clips and audio clips.
an exclusive interview
an exclusive private club
preclude：[pr 'klud] vt.
使行不通；使不可能；妨碍；阻止
结构分析：preclude=pre（在前面，提前）+clud（关）+e→提前关闭→使行不通
preclusion：[pri'klu: n]n.排除；预防；阻止；妨碍
preclusive：[pr 'kl s v]adj.
妨碍的；除外的；预防的
V. His contract precludes him from discussing his work with anyone outside the company.
The fact that your application was not successful this time does not preclude the possibility of you applying again next time.
n. Your age should not act as a preclusion to you being accepted for the course.
preclusion of the passing of credit card details without consent
adj. In his mind it was a minor change, and not preclusive of his long-standing radical beliefs.
concrete
/ k .kri t/ adj. / n.
n. concrete jungle
I don’t think it happy to live in the concrete jungle.
The city has upgraded the value of the building ,
at the same time , it
devalued the human
being.
adj.abstract/ b.str kt/ →concrete
/ k .kri t/ adj.
abstract paint
--concrete evidence
The words “cat,” “water,”
and “teacher” “wooden table”are concrete,
whereas the words “truth,”
“excellence,” and
“adulthood” are abstract.
condemn /k n dem/ v.
condemnation/ k n.d m ne . n/ n.
V.是个诅咒词
电影：死囚大逃杀
1)praise ---condemn
We condemn the needless waste of the
foods.
2)be condemned to
=be doomed to
He was condemned to a life of hardship.
He was condemned to spend the rest of the
football season on the bench.
3)the condemned 死囚
Condemned cell 死囚牢房
be condemned to
=be sentenced to
convicted and condemned 认罪伏法
n. moral condemnation
The shooting of the police officer has
received universal condemnation.
condition/k n d . n/ n.
on the human condition
论人的境遇
n.
1)They left the flat in a
terrible condition - there
was mess everywhere.
2)plu. conditions
Weather conditions
working conditions
3)One of the conditions in
the contract is that we
don't build on the land.
condition短语:
1)in condition
be in no condition to do
sth
out of condition
If you spare half an hour every day for exercise, you will be in condition.
He is in no condition to travel.
She found herself out of condition on that day.
2)on / upon condition that..
I'll come to the party on the condition that you don't wear those ridiculous trousers!
3)on no condition
You must on no condition tell him what has happened.
=On no condition must you tell him what has happened.
On no condition should you visit the place.
473.conduct /k n d kt/t n. / v.
v.记忆：
举行（音乐会），指挥/指引/
指导（正能量），表现（很好）
1)conduct a survey
2)The orchestra was
conducted by Mira Shapur.
3)May I conduct you to your
table, sir, or would you prefer to have a drink at the bar first
4)Copper conducts
electricity, but plastic
does not.
5)conduct oneself
conduct +adv./ prep.
He conducted himself far better than we had
expected.
n. conduct/ k n.d kt/
=behavior
disorderly conduct 扰乱社会治安行为
conduct disorders 行为障碍
conductor /k n d k.t r/ n.
1)As the conductor you could control the whole orchestra and the interpretation of the music
would be in your hands.
2)conductor and insulator / n.sj .le .t r/
lighting conductor 避雷针
3)a railway official who
travels on and is
responsible for a train.
someone whose job is to sell tickets on a bus, train, or other public vehicle
confer/k n f r/ v.
(conferred/ conferring)
conference
/ k n.f r. ns/ n.
conferment /k n f .m nt/ n.
v.
1)confer with sb about sth
I need some time to
confer with my lawyer
about my divorce lawsuit.
2)confer sth on / upon sb
An honorary doctorate
was conferred on him by
Columbia University.
n. United Nations climate change conference
n. The conferment of
degrees
confide /k n fa d/v.
confiding adj.
v.confide in sb
She's nice, but I don't feel I can confide in her.
"My husband doesn't know
yet, but I'm going to leave
him," she confided.
He confided (to her) that
his hair was not his own.
adj.
When she spoke again her manner was more confiding.
confident
/ k n.f .d nt/ adj.
confidence / k n.f .d ns/ n.
→adj.
be confident of /about ....
His confident leadership inspired his
followers.
I am confident of his
skills as a manager.
n. absolute confidence
complete confidence
have confidence in....
in / with confidence
a lack of confidence in the
government
He answered the questions with
confidence
confidential
/ k n.f den. l/ adj.
confidentiality
/ k n.f .den. i l. .ti/ n.
→adj. Someone has leaked
confidential government
information to the press.
n. commercial confidentiality
confidentiality agreement
firm词根：
firm /f m/ adj. 坚实的
adj.You need a firm grasp of
mathematics to
become an astronaut.
He is a firm believer in traditional family values.
affirm / f m/ v.
affirm=af（=ad，趋向，使变
成）+firm（坚实的）→使做实→肯定，断言，确认
affirmation / f. me . n/n.
v.The suspect affirmed (that) he had been at home all evening.
confirm /k n f m/ v.
confirm=con（加强语气,一起，共同）+firm（坚实的）→一共同做实→确认，证实
confirmation / k n.f me . n/ n.
v.I'm just ringing to confirm your hotel booking.
4.Infirm / n f m/ adj.
infirmity / n f .m .ti/ n.
infirm=in（否定前缀）+firm（坚实的）→不坚固的→虚弱的，意志薄弱的
adj. She was too elderly and infirm to remain at home.
5.Infirmary/ n f .m r.i/ n.
infirmary=infirm（虚弱的）+ary（形容词后缀）→治疗虚弱者的（场所）→医务室，疗养院
n.Mrs Hardie had been taken to the infirmary in an ambulance.
confirm /k n f m/ v.
confirmation / k n.f me . n/ n.
v.
Six people have
confirmed that they will
be attending and ten
haven't replied yet.
2)The smell of cigarette smoke confirmed
what he had suspected: there had been
a party in his absence.
n. Thank you for your
booking. You will receive
confirmation in the post
within three days.
conflict / k n.fl kt/ v. / n.
n. conflict between A and B
a conflict over sth
a conflict of interest
In conflict with...
It was an unpopular
policy and caused
a number of conflicts
within the party.
v. conflict with sb
=clash with sb
The results of the new
research would seem to
conflict with existing
theories.
词根flict的含义为“strike（打击）”。
1.afflict / fl kt/v.
affliction / fl k. n/n.
af（表示加强）+ flict（打击）组成，一去打击对方。 即：使痛苦，使苦恼；折磨。 -
v.The disease can afflict
people of all ages.
a country afflicted by the civil
war.
n. Malnutrition is one of the
common afflictions of the
poor.
conflict / k n.fl kt/v. / n.
con（共同）+ flict（打击）组
成，---共同打，一起打。 即：冲突,战争
n. a conflict of interest
I need to declare a conflict of interest here - one of the candidates for the job is a friend of mine.
v. If the two sides conflict with each other again, it will be disastrous for party unity.
inflict / n fl kt/v.
infliction / n fl k. n/ n.
in(在里面）+ flict（打击）组
成--朝内部打，即：使遭受，使承受
V.The suffering inflicted on
these children was unimaginable.
n. Physical abuse involves the infliction of physical injury on a child.
fuse 词根：流动
fuse [fjuz] v.“流到一起”， 融入、融合
fusion [fjun] n.融合
infuse [nfjuz] v.
in-进入，-fus流动，
注入、灌输
effuse v.（动词很少用了）
effusive / fju .s v/ adj.
effusion / fju . n/n.
e--出来， fuse流动，流出来了--溢出，渗出--
effusion n.
(物体）流出物，溢出物
(情感）迸发，倾泻
effusive 热情洋溢的
diffuse [dfjus]
dif-分开，-fus流动，分流，
散布，扩散
confuse [knfjuz] v.
con-共同，-fus流动 ，流到了一起---
迷惑、使迷惑
refuse /r fju z/v.
re阻挡+fuse流动挡住流回来的东西-
拒绝
Profuse /pr fju s/adj
pro深处+fuse流动深处流动--丰富的
transfuse /tr ns fju z/v.
trans转移+fuse流动不同个体问流动-
输血，输液
Genes determine how we develop from the
moment the sperm fuses with the
egg.
The pulling down of the Berlin Wall infused the
world with optimism.
n.an effusion of anger and despair
突然陷入愤怒和绝望之中
pericardial effusion.心包积液
He will do very much better by being rather
less effusive in his publicity.
Television is a powerful
means of diffusing
knowledge.
It's easy to confuse his films, because he tends to use
the same actors.
She was admitted to St
Mary's Hospital with
profuse bleeding.
He will be transfused as they
do the surgery.
confuse/k n fju z/ v.
confused adj.
confusing adj.
confusion
/k n fju . n/ n.
v. confuse sb
confuse A and / with B
You're confusing him! Tell him slowly and
one thing at a time.
adj. Her confused reaction is understandable.
n. confusion about /over/ as to ......
In confusion
To avoid confusion, the twins never wore the same clothes.
In the confusion, I lost my wallet.
science / sa . ns/ n.
conscience
/ k n. ns/ n.
con+science
have a clear conscience
问心无愧
have a guilt conscience
问心有愧
My conscience would really bother me if I wore a fur coat.
Let your conscience be
your guide.
I have a guilty conscience
for spending so little time
with my kids.
C12
congratulate
/k n ɡr t . .le t/ v. congratulation
/k n ɡr t . le . n/ n.
v. congratulate sb on sth
The editors are to be
congratulated for having
succeeded in bringing
together what are
ostensibly ten very
different studies into a
well-integrated, coherent
whole.
n. 一般用复数
congratulations
He sent her a note of
congratulation on her
election victory.
connect/k nekt/ v.
connection
/k nek. n/ n.
v. connect A with/ to B
Most villages in the
highlands are now
connected by roads.
n. in connection with ....
The connection between
smoking and heart
disease is well known.
Two men have been
arrested in connection
with the theft
conscious
/ k n. s/ adj. Consciousness
/ k n. s.n s/ n.
Subconscious
/ s b k n. s/n. /adj.
adj.
He's still conscious but
he's very badly injured.
He's obviously making a
conscious effort to
be nice to me at
the moment.
be conscious of ....
=be aware of .....
She was conscious of the fact that everyone was staring at her.
4)--conscious
fashion-conscious teenagers
the health-conscious consumer
Politically conscious adults
self-conscious 不自在的，局促不安的
（参考后面self -conscious 翻译理由）
Stop staring - you make me self-conscious.
n. self-consciousness=self-awareness
Her consciousness that she's different
makes her feel uneasy.
n.subconscious mind
Subconscious fear / thought
484.sense/sent是词根，意思是“感觉”。
1.sensor / sen.s r/n.感应器
sensory / sen.s r.i/ a. 感觉的，知觉的
The security device has a heat sensor
which detects the presence of people
and animals.
2.sentiment / sen.t .m nt/n. 感情，情绪
sentimental / sen.t men.t l/ a.
感情用事的；感伤的（如林黛玉）
Already we have some indication of public
sentiment on this issue.
presentiment n. 预感
（pre预先+sentiment感觉）
She had had a presentiment of what might
lie ahead.
4.assent / sent/n.
赞成，附和（as一样+sent→感觉一样→赞成）
Once the directors have given their assent
to the proposal we can begin.
5.consent /k n sent/ n./V. 同意，答应
（con共同+sent→共同感觉→同意）
n.They can't publish your name without your
consent.
v..Very reluctantly, I've consented to lend her my
car.
6.consensus n. 一致意见，共识
（con共同+sens+us→
感觉一致,共识）
reach a consensus
Could we reach a consensus on this matter Let's take a
vote.
7.dissent /d sent/ n./ v.
持不同意见
（dis分开+sent→感觉不合→意见不同）
dissension /d sen. n/ n. 意见不合，冲突
n.When the time came to
approve the proposal,
there were one or two voices
of dissent.
V.Anyone wishing to dissent
from the motion should
now raise their hand.
8.resent /r zent/ v. 怨恨
（re反+sent→反感→怨恨）
resentment /r zent.m nt/n. 愤怒，怨恨
People still resent the
closure of the local school.
consensus
/k n sen.s s/ n.
controversy and
consensus
reach a consensus on /
about sth
We were unable to reach a
consensus about
membership fees.
sequen为词根，
为次序，顺序的意思
1.sequence / si .kw ns/ n.
You had to put the
numbers into the right
sequence.
consequent
/ k n.s .kw nt/ adj.
con-(com-)=completely
完全地；sequen顺序，完全按顺序发展的--结果，后果
【adj】随后发生的；
作为后果的：
consequence
/ k n.s .kw ns/n.
adj.Our use of harmful
chemicals and the
consequent damage to
the environment is a
very serious matter.
n.Not making a will can
have serious
consequences for
your children and other
family members.
subsequent
/ s b.s .kw nt/ adj.
sub =under 在···之下；sequen 次序，顺序，在顺序之下的--继···之后的；
随后的：
In subsequent years he
said he regretted his
actions.
consequent
/ k n.s .kw nt/ adj.
consequence
/ k n.s .kw ns/ n.
adj. The warming of the Earth and the
consequent climatic changes affect us all...
n. 1) take / suffer the consequence
I told the hairdresser to do what she wanted to my hair, and look at the consequences!
Well, if you insist on eating so much, you'll have to suffer/take (= accept and deal with) the consequences!
in consequence
= as a result
In / as consequence of ....
=as a result of ......
In consequence of his bad conduct he was
dismissed.
The employee offended personnel manager and lost his job in consequence.
serve词根：保存，保留，保持
conserve /k n s v/ v.
con 共同 + serv 保持 + e →
保持，保存 ，保守
conservative /k n s .v .t v/ adj.
conservation / k n.s ve . n/
v.The nationalists are very eager to conserve their customs and language.
n.a conservation area
wildlife conservation
observe / b z v/ v.
ob 加强 + 保持 + e → 一再保持；坚持〔看〕→ 遵守
observation / b.z ve . n/ n.
v.observe the law
Observe the local tradition
The old people in the village still observe the
local traditions.
People must observe the law. Nobody should be an exception.
Preserve /pr z v/ v.
pre 预先 + serv 保持 + e → 预先保留 → 保存，防腐
Preservation
/ prez. ve . n/ n.
Preservative
/pr z .v .t v/ n.
v.We want to preserve the character of the town while improving the facilities.
to preserve the environment
n.There is great public concern about some of the chemicals used in food preservation.
n.No added preservatives.
reserve /r z v/
re 一再 + serv 保持 + e → 一再保持
→ 保留
reservation
/ rez. ve . n/ n.
reservoir
/ rez. .vwɑ r/ n.
v.all rights reserved
版权所有
reserve the rights to refuse
These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies.
n.I'd like to make a table reservation for two people for nine o'clock.
n. The reservoir was low after the long drought.
conserve
/k n s v/ v. /n. conservation / k n.s ve . n/ n.
conservationist n.
anti-conservationist n.
v.
保：保护，保留，保存，节省
1)conserve wildlife
2)conserve customs and languages
3)conserve one’s energy
4)conserve electricity
n. apricot/strawberry conserve
蜜饯是将水果进行干燥处理，然后添加糖，或者油、盐、甜味剂等调味品，制作而成的。方便保存，主要是便于北方冬季在水果缺乏时食用。果脯也属于蜜饯一类。它是水果经过切分、热烫和糖煮工艺制作而成，大量的糖在加热条件下慢慢渗入水果块当中，替代了水果中原有的水分，让果脯变成半透明状态。蜜饯有营养，但蜜饯在加工过程中一方面损失了一部分水果本身的营养素，另一方面，还因为加了糖、油、盐，及各种食品添加剂，所以使得蜜饯的营养价值大打折扣。
n.
1)energy conservation
2)wildlife conservation
conservation area
the conservation of gas/ coal/ oil.
n.These attitudes are prevalent amongst anti-conservationists.
conservative
/k n s .v .t v/ adj. / n.
adj. conservative society
conservative dresser
conservative numbers
n. The Conservatives won an overall majority of ninety.
489.conservatory
/k n s .v .t r.i/
(UK also conservatoire, UK
/k n s .v .twɑ r/
Berkeley college of music
Shanghai conservatory
of music
(chamber orchestra
/ t e m.b r .k .str / n. 室内乐队
Symphony orchestra
/ s m.f .ni .k .str /
n. 交响乐团
consider /k n s d. r/ v.
consideration
/k n s d. re . n/ n.
v.
1)consider (doing )sth
Have you considered fostering a child
2)consider sb/ sth to
be +n.
consider sb/sth as...
It is considered that .....
He is currently
considered (to be) the best
British athlete.
It is considered bad
manners in some cultures
to speak with your mouth
full of food.
n. in consideration of ...
take sth into consideration
=take sth into account
under consideration
You should take his youth
into consideration when
you will punish him.
considerate /
considering
considerable
→considerate
/k n s d. r. t/ adj.
It is considerate of you
口你太周到了
It was considerate of you to offer me hot coffee
under the cold weather.
→considerable
/k n s d. r. .b l/ adj.
considerable time
considerable abilities
→considering
/k n s d. r. / conj.
Considering the weather, they were lucky to get here at all.
consist/k n s st/ v.
consist of ...(主动形式） =be composed of ....
= be made up of...
The crowd consisted mostly of college kids
and office workers.
consist in ....
The beauty of Madrid consists in its historic
buildings.
consist with ...
Theory should consist with practice.
consistent
/k n s s.t nt/ adj. consistency
/k n s s.t n.si/ n.
adj.
1)前后一致性，连贯性， 连续性
Her work is sometimes good, but the problem
is she's not consistent.
2)be consistent with .....
What the witness said in court was not
consistent with the statement he made to
the police.
n. They've won a few games this season but
they lack consistency.
495.constant
/ k n.st nt/adj.
constantly adv.
电影：不朽的园丁
adj.
1)constant =often
He's in constant trouble
with the police.
2)constant =fixed
constant temperature
adv. He's constantly
changing his mind.
constitute
/ k n.st .t u t/ v.
constitute sth
=make up sth
Women constitute about
ten percent of Parliament.
constitute sth
=be considered as ....
This latest defeat
constitutes a major
setback for the
Democrats.
497.constitution / k n.st t u . n/ n.
记忆：宪法(的)构成(就如人体
的)体格
1)the constitution of a
chemical compound
2)Mexico's constitution
guarantees the right of
free travel to its citizens.
3)a healthy / strong / weak
constitution
construct
/k n str kt/ v.
construction /k n str k. n/ n.
constructive /k n str k.t v/ adj.
v.to construct a new bridge/building
n. Construction site
工地
Construction crew
施工工人
This website is currently under construction (= being created).
CBC:
Construction Bank of China
adj. If you don't have anything constructive to
say, it's better to say nothing.
词根：struct=build，表示“建立”
1)structure / str kt (r)/n 构造;结构
structural/ str kt r l/ adj.
the grammatical structures of a
language
The explosion caused little structural damage to the office
towers themselves.
2)construct v.
(con共同+struct→共同建立→建造)
constructive /k n str k.t v/ adj.
construction /k n str k. n/ n.
3)reconstruct v./ ri k n str kt/
(re重新+construct→重新建造)
reconstruction / ri k n str k n/n.
the post-war reconstruction of
Germany
They have tried to reconstruct the settlement as it would have been in Iron Age times.
4)destruct /d str kt/ v./ n.
de不+struct建立，不搞建设--破坏
destruction /d str k n/ n.
destructive /d str kt v/ adj.
Guilt can be very destructive.
The self destruct system requires two separate
codes.
Weapons of mass destruction
5)instruct / n str kt/ v.
(in进+struct→[把知识]往脑子里建----指导)
　　instruction n 教导，指导
(in+struct+ion)
instructor n 教师，讲师
All our staff have been instructed in sign language.
Follow the instructions on the
packet carefully.
6)obstruct / b str kt/v.
(ob反+struct→反建设
→妨碍)
obstruction n 阻碍;闭塞
The pillar obstructed our
view of the stage.
He was arrested for
obstruction of a police
officer in the execution of
his duty.
7)substructure / s bstr kt (r)/n
(sub下面+struct+ion→下面的建设→基础)
superstructure
/ su p str kt (r)/n .
(super上面+structure→上面
的结构→上层建筑)
Culture and art belong to the
realm of the superstructure.
the substructure of national
culture
self–conscious意思
self-conscious是一个由self和conscious两个词组成的复合词，意思是“自我意识的”、“害羞的”或“不自然的”。当我们说一个人是self-conscious时，常常指他或她在他人面前感到不自在、紧张或害羞，因为他们担心自己的外貌、行为或表现会受到他人的评判或批评。这种自我意识可能会导致他们在社交场合中表现得不自然或尴尬。
自我意识常常是由于个体对自己的外貌、能力或社交技巧的不确定感而产生的。当一个人对自己的外貌或能力缺乏自信时，他们往往会过度关注他人对他们的看法。这样的自我意识可能会导致他们在公共场合中表现得紧张、拘谨或不自然。他们可能会过度关注自己的言行举止，担心自己会出错或被他人嘲笑。这种自我意识常常会影响一个人的行为和决策，使他们追求与他人的认同或避免被人嘲笑。
自我意识也可以表现为对自己的身体形象的敏感。一个人可能会对自己的体重、身高、面容或其他外貌特征感到不满意，这会导致他们在他人面前感到不自在或尴尬。他们可能会试图通过改变自己的外貌来获得他人的认可或接受，或者避免与他人交往以避免被评价。
自我意识还可以表现为对自己的能力或社交技巧的不确定感。一个人可能会对自己的知识、技能或表达能力感到不自信，这会导致他们在与他人交流时感到不自在或紧张。他们可能会担心自己的观点或意见会被他人质疑或批评，或者担心自己无法与他人建立良好的关系。
自我意识是每个人都可能经历的一种情绪体验。它可以在各个方面的生活中出现，包括社交场合、工作环境、学习环境等。自我意识可能会影响一个人的情绪和行为，使他们感到紧张、拘谨或不自然。然而，自我意识并不是一个固定的特征，它可以通过增强自信心、提高自我接受和学习应对技巧来减轻或克服。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)