(共7张PPT)
探究三 核心句式
Unit 1 The Changing World
1 In many places, there used to be no bridges to cross over mountains and rivers, and most roads were just dirt tracks. 在很多地方，过去没有横跨山川的桥梁，而且大多数道路只是土路。
分析结构 本句含there be 结构，其中used to 表示“过去常常……”, 后加动词原形。There used to be... 表示“过去有……而现在没有了”。
· There used to be no subways in the city, but now there are five lines. 这座城市过去没有地铁，但现在有五条线路了。
· There didn’t use to be a library here. 这里过去没有图书馆。
· Did there use to be a river near the village
村子附近过去有一条河吗？
There used to be... 意为“过去有……而现在没有了”。是used to do sth 的there be 句型结构。
否定句结构：There didn’t use to be...
疑问句结构：Did there use to be...
肯定答语为：Yes, there did.
否定答语为：No, there didn’t.
2 This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry. 这使得当地人很难将产品带到市场或发展工业。
分析结构 该句为简单句。主语是This，made 是谓语，it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是to bring products to the market or to develop industry，difficult 为宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的具体情况。
· Good transportation makes it easy for farmers to sell
their crops in cities.
良好的交通使农民们轻松地在城市售卖农作物。
· I find it easy to finish my homework on time.
我发现按时完成作业很容易。
· She thinks it important to help the elderly.
她认为帮助老人很重要。
make it + adj. + (for sb) to do sth 意为“使（某人）做某事……”其中it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，形容词作宾语补足语。
it 作形式宾语的其他常见结构还有：find/think/believe/ consider it + adj. + (for sb) to do sth 意为“发现/ 认为（对某人来说）做某事……”。(共8张PPT)
探究三 核心句式
Unit 1 The Changing World
1 Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya’s main port, and Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901. 在此之前，肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨和肯尼亚首都内罗毕之间仅有的交通连接是崎岖的道路和一条建于1901 年的旧铁路线。（教材P6）
分析结构 本句为“主系表”结构的简单句。主语为the only transport links，between Mombasa, Kenya’s main port，and Nairobi，Kenya’s capital 是后置定语修饰the only transport links。系动词为were，表语为rough roads and an old railway line，built in 1901 后置定语修饰an old railway line。Before then 为时间状语。
· The book written by Mao Dun is very popular. = The book which is written by Mao Dun is very popular.
茅盾写的这本书非常受欢迎。
· The burnt trees after the forest fire were black.
森林火灾过后，那些被烧毁的树一片焦黑。
· Fallen leaves covered the path. 落叶铺满了小路。
当中心词是动作的承受者时，过去分词短语作后置定语相当于“关系代词（which/that/who 等）+ be 动词 + 过去分词 + 其他成分”，即被动语态的定语从句。
过去分词作定语的位置：单个过去分词通常可前置，也可后
置；但过去分词短语（过去分词 + 介词短语 / 副词 / 从句等）
必须后置。
2 I am glad that I get to see her every day. 我很高兴每天都能见到她。（教材P9）
分析结构 本句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句。主句是I am glad，其中I 是主语，am 是系动词，glad 是表语。that 引导形容词后的宾语从句，其中I 是主语，get to see 是谓语，her 是宾语，every day 是时间状语。
· I’m glad that the rain stopped, so we can go for a walk in the park. 雨停了，这样我们就能去公园散步了，我很开心。
· We’re glad that our team won the school basketball match yesterday. 我们队昨天赢了学校篮球赛，我们都很开心。
· The teacher is pleased that more and more students are taking part in the reading club.
越来越多的学生参加读书俱乐部，老师很欣慰。
“I’m glad that... ”意为“我很高兴……”是英语中表达情绪和观点的高频句型。that 可以省略，但当从句较长或结构较复杂时，保留 that 能让句子逻辑更清晰，避免歧义。
主语多为第一人称（I/we），也可以根据语境更换为其他人称。
同义表达：I’m pleased/happy that...(共5张PPT)
探究二 核心短语
Unit 1 The Changing World
1 bring about 带来；引起（教材P1）
观察· The reform brought about great progress in social welfare. 这项改革为社会福利带来了巨大进步。
· The heavy rain brought about the flood.暴雨导致了洪水。
· He brought up a good idea at the meeting.
他在会议上提出了一个好主意。
bring about 是及物动词短语，意为“带来；引起”。后必须接宾语。bring about 还可意为“导致”。
由bring 构成的动词短语还有：（1）bring up 养育；提出
（2）bring in 引入；提出；赚得；挣
（3）bring back 带回；使回忆起；使想起
（4）bring together 使聚集；使团结
2 be covered with 被……覆盖（教材P2）
观察· The ground was covered with snow after the snowstorm. 暴风雪后地面被雪覆盖。
· The mountain is covered with green trees in spring.
春天山上长满了绿树。
· The room is filled with the smell of flowers.
房间里充满了花香。
be covered with意为“被……覆盖”，是cover... with... “用……覆盖……”的被动结构，其中cover作动词，意为“遮盖；覆盖”。
类似“be + 动词的过去分词 + with + 名词 / 代词”的结构
还有：（1）be filled with 充满……
（2）be connected with 与……相关(共32张PPT)
Section A What changes
have taken place around
you 自主学习
Unit 1 The Changing World
1a The photos show changes in Li Rui’s hometown over the years. What are they How do they make you feel
略
1b Listen to a telephone conversation. Then answer the questions.
1. Why does George call Li Rui
Because he and his father, Bob, are going to visit Li Rui’s hometown and he wants Li Rui to be their guide.
2. What is the relationship between George’s father and Li Rui’s grandfather
George’s father and Li Rui’s grandfather are good friends.
3. When did George’s father last visit the place
作副词，意为“上一次”。
About 20 years ago.
1c Li Rui is now showing George and his father around her hometown. Listen to their conversation and complete the table.
Past Present
It took __________ to reach the town. Going to school by bus took __________________ over rough roads. With the new roads, it takes only ________.
Going to school takes only ___________.
half a day
nearly 40 minutes
an hour
15 minutes
动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Past Present
They used to ___________ to see a doctor. The town has built a new __________.
They didn’t have ______________ for shopping. They now have a __________ down the street.
The hills were covered with ________. They are now covered with ______________.
travel far
any good places
sand
hospital
supermarket
beautiful trees
= along the street 沿街
1d Discuss the changes in 1c. How do you think they happened
略
2a Rank the following problems from 1 to 4, with 1 being the worst. Give your reasons.
sandstorms difficult environment
farmland shortage lack of technology
sandstorm 为可数名词，是由sand+ storm 构成的复合词，是英语中描述自然现象的常见构词模式。
类似的词还有：rainstorm（暴风雨），snowstorm（暴风雪）等。
略
2b Listen to the conversation between George’s father and Li Rui’s grandfather. What problems in 2a did they mention
sandstorms; difficult environment; farmland shortage; lack of technology
2c Listen again and fill in the table. How has the environment affected local lives
Past There used to be ___________ all the time, and the ________ were getting smaller and smaller.
Locals worked by ________.
“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”，后面不接than。
sandstorms
fields
hand
Action Locals found a bush. It had ________ roots that could ________ the soil together.
They began planting it in sandy ________, with the government’s support.
They had __________ to help.
Present The corn fields are ________.
They have planted many bushes and ________ since then.
There are ________ sandstorms now and the environment is getting ________.
It has improved local lives.
long
hold
areas
machines
huge
trees
fewer
better
2d Discuss how to …
A: The area used to be covered with sand.
B: What did they do to solve this problem
A: They planted bushes and trees. The land has become ...
3a Read the interview between a reporter and two villagers. In what ways have the villagers’ lives changed
Reporter: How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years
Mr Yan: Oh, it has changed quite a lot! Many young people used to work in big cities.
作介词，意为“在期间”。
作介词，意为“在期间”。
Now, more of them have come back to live and work here.
Reporter: Great! Have there been any other changes
长难句分析：本句是一个简单句。主语是more of them，谓语是have come back，to live and work here作目的状语。其中more作代词，them指代“Many young people”。
Ms Wu: Yes, we’ve changed the way we farm. I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market. Now, I have large, high-tech greenhouses. There, I grow tons of fruit and vegetables, and sell them in large cities.
意为“大量；许多”，后既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。
Reporter: Wow, the new highway and railway must have helped a lot!
Mr Yan: Oh, they have! Our village has become a tourist attraction. We can now sell local products to tourists. We also sell products online to people all over China.
“must have done”表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事；肯定发生过某事”。
Reporter: Have these changes greatly improved your lives
Ms Wu: Yes! We now have new houses. And our village has just built a new hospital and a library.
Reporter: Wonderful! Together you are building a new socialist village.
In employment, farming, transportation, living conditions and public facilities.
思考：Think about the changes in your hometown and list one or two examples.
My hometown’s old streets have changed a lot. They used to be narrow and full of holes, but now they’re wide and paved with smooth stones. Another change is the community park. Before, there was just a small open area, but now it has a children’s playground, fitness equipment and many trees.（答案不唯一）
3b Complete the table with the information from 3a.
Past
Many young people worked in big cities.
Villagers grew a few vegetables on a small farm.
Villagers sold agricultural products only at the local market.
The village lacked new highways and railways.
Villagers lived in old houses.
The village lacked new public facilities like hospitals and libraries.
Present
More young people have returned to live and work in the village.
Villagers use large, high-tech greenhouses and grow tons of fruit and vegetables.
Villagers sell products in large cities, to tourists, and online across China.
The village has the new highway and railway and has become a tourist attraction.
Villagers live in new houses.
The village has a new hospital and a library.
3c Listen to the conversation. Then role-play it.
3d Choose the things that have greatly changed in the last 10 years in your hometown. Talk about the changes and how you feel about them.
hospital school e-payment
shopping transport environment
restaurant cinema housing
A: In your opinion, what has changed the most in your hometown in the last 10 years
B: The environment, I think.
A: How has it changed
B: …
略
Grammar Focus
4a Read the sentences and circle the verbs. Pay attention to the verb tenses.
He became a good friend of your grandfather about 20 years ago. They haven’t seen each other for ages!
We used to have to travel far to see a doctor. Our village has just built a new hospital.
Many people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here.
4b Complete the conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
A: ________ you ________ (be) to the new library yet
B: No, I ____________ (not know) there was a new library. When did it ________ (open)
A: It ________ (open) last Friday. I ________ (go) there with my grandpa on Saturday night.
B: ________ you ________ (like) it
Have
been
didn’t know
open
opened
went
Do
like
A: Of course! It’s the most high-tech library I ________ ever ________ (visit).
B: Oh, what ________ you ________ (see) there
A: There are sections with books about science and Chinese culture, as well as a huge section with children’s books.
have
visited
did
see
介词短语作后置定语，修饰sections，with表示“具有；带有”。
as well as意为“除……之外；也；还”，连接两个并列的成分，连接并列的主语时，谓语动词由as well as前面的主语决定。
A: I also ________ (read) some digital books on the computer. My grandpa ________ (listen) to some audio books because he can’t see well.
B: Cool! I __________________________ (bring) my little brother there tomorrow.
read
listened
will bring/am going to bring
从教材习题4b 中学中考解题策略
时态标志词法
首先找出时间标志词，锁定时态范围，若无明确时间词，可通过“动作发生的先后、是否持续、是否对现在有影响”来判断时态，最后结合“句式结构”，验证语法正确性。如第一句的标志词是yet，常用于现在完成时，此处是一般疑问句，故填Have; b een。
4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Why are local people richer and happier than before
In the past, it ________ (be) difficult to travel in Guizhou. In many places, there used to ________ (be) no bridges to cross over mountains and rivers, and most roads were just dirt tracks.
作介词，意为“穿过；越过”，强调从物体上方越过。across 强调从物体表面横过，through 强调从物体内部穿过。
was
be
This ________ (make) it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry.
Now great changes __________ (take) place. The government ________ (build) thousands of kilometres of highways, railways, and wide roads.
数以千计的，成千上万的
made
have taken
has built
It has also built many high bridges over mountains and rivers. A journey that used to ________ (take) a day now takes only a few hours. As a result, the lives of local people __________ (improve). They are much richer and happier than they once ________ (be).
take
have improved
were
因此
修饰比较级，其他修饰比较级的词还有：far, a lot, even, still, a little 等。(共3张PPT)
探究二 核心短语
Unit 1 The Changing World
be happy with 对……感到满意（教材P6）
观察· She wasn’t happy with the result of the exam.
她对考试结果不满意。
· My mom is angry with me because I forgot to do
homework. 妈妈因为我忘做作业而生气。
· He is busy with his project these days. 他最近忙于他的项目。
·Are you familiar with this song 你熟悉这首歌吗？
be happy with 意为“对……感到满意”，后可接名词、代词、动名词等。同义短语为be pleased/ satisfied with。
“be + adj. + with”结构还有：
（1）be angry with 对（某人）生气
（2）be busy with 忙于（某事）
（3）be familiar with 对……熟悉
（4）be strict with 对（某人）严格
（5）be popular with 受……欢迎
（6）be patient with 对（某人）有耐心(共36张PPT)
Section B How do changes
influence us 自主学习
Unit 1 The Changing World
1a Does your hometown have a train system How does it benefit local lives
Yes. It benefits local lives a lot: it cuts travel time to nearby cities from 3 hours to 40 minutes; it also brings more tourists, helping local farmers sell fruits and handcrafts better.（答案不唯一）
1b Look at the title and the picture. What is the text probably about Then read it quickly to check your prediction.
Making predictions
The title and pictures can help you guess what the text is about.
On the Fast Track
In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya’s main port, and Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train.
It takes + 时间 + to do sth 意为 “做某事花费多长时间”
However, the new railway, built with China’s help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year.
Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, “I’m very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends.
后为直接引语，引号内句子的时态由说话人当时的语境决定。
Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich.” A businessman said, “My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn’t cost much money.
此处意为“体验”，是可数名词；还可作不可数名词，意为“经验”。
意为“花费”，主语是物或事，不能是人。
I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease.” The railway has also made the transport of food easier. “Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities, but now it takes only two or three trains,” said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat.
“达成商业交易”，其中deal 作名词，意为“交易”。
Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world.
长难句分析：主句是the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world，其中the railway 是主语，shows 是谓语，how 引导的是宾语从句。Although 引导的是让步状语从句。
从教材语篇1b 挖中考设问
新考法 组合选择Which of the following statements about the new railway is TRUE according to the passage
① It was built with China’s help.
② It makes t he t ravel time between Mombasa and Nairobi 10 hours.
③ It helps Kenyan businessmen make deals more easily.
④ It has no influence on food transport in Kenya.
A. ①② B. ①③ C. ②③ D. ③④
B
1c Match the numbers with the information.
about 4 10 480 1901 2017 over 2 million
1. ________: the year the new railway was opened
2. ________: the year the old railway line was built
3. ______________: the number of people who use the new train every year
定语从句
2017
1901
over 2 million
about 4 10 480 1901 2017 over 2 million
4. ________: the length of the Mombasa-Nairobi railway in kilometres
5. ________: the hours it used to take to reach Nairobi from Mombasa by train
6. ________: the hours it takes to reach Nairobi from Mombasa now by train
……的长度
480
10
about 4
1d Read again and answer the questions.
1. What type of writing is the text
2. What was the problem with the old railway
It is an expository text（说明文）.
The old railway was very slow—it took 10 hours to travel from Mombasa to Nairobi.
3. How have local Kenyans benefited from the new railway
4. Why is it important to make food transport easier
The local Kenyans have become rich.
Because easier food transport reduces the need for large numbers of lorries, and ensures more fresh food is available for people.
5. What does “on the fast track” mean
It literally refers to the fast new railway. It means the local area’s rapid development thanks to the new railway.
1e Complete the table with the information from the text.
Paragraph 1 introduction The new train line was __________ in 2017.
old railway
opened
It was built in 1901 and the trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to travel from Mombasa to Nairobi.
Paragraph 2 new railway
It was built with China’s help, cutting the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about 4 hours for passengers. Over two million people use it every year.
Paragraph 3 comments from locals government worker:
He is very happy with the new railway. Many changes have taken place in the town and people have become rich.
Paragraph 3 comments from locals businessman:
His experience of using the train has been good because it is convenient and cheap, and it helps him get to places on time and makes business deals easily.
Paragraph 3 comments from locals supermarket manager:
Food transport is easier, only 2 or 3 trains needed instead of hundreds of lorries.
Paragraph 4 conclusion
The railway shows that different countries can work together to build a better world, despite the distance between China and Kenya.
1f Discuss the questions.
1. Have you seen or heard of any similar change in the world over the last several years Where was it and what happened
Yes. The China-Laos Railway opened in 2021. It makes traveling between China and Laos much faster, and helps sell more goods between the two countries.
2. In what other ways can China work together with other countries to build a better world
China can share farming skills with other countries to help them grow more food, build wind or solar power stations together, and send medical help when other countries need it.（答案均不唯一）
Vocabulary in Use
2a Use a word on the left and a word on the right to create a compound word. What other compound words do you know
green sand high farm rail + storm way land house road = greenhouse, ……
sand + storm = sandstorm; high + way = highway; farm + land = farmland; rail + road = railroad other compound words: book + shop = bookshop; black + board = blackboard; class + room = classroom（答案不唯一）
2b Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
product corn bridge wide capital
1. The road used to be narrow and dirty. Now, it is _________ and clean.
2. The _________ made it convenient for the villagers to travel across the river to the city.
wide
bridge
product corn bridge wide capital
3. Beijing, China’s _________, hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics.
4. Our farm has a lot of laying hens. They feed on _________, vegetables, and insects.
5. A digital _________ is something you sell online and doesn’t have a physical form.
capital
corn
product
2c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box. What other stories do you know about China’s environmental achievements
government bush sandstorm result sandy soil
In 1962, Wang Shanghai moved with his family from their house in Chengde to the _________ lands of Saihanba.
sandy
government bush sandstorm result sandy soil
There were few trees to hold the _________ together, and there were often ___________. Temperatures were below freezing during the winter. Life there was very difficult.
With support from the ___________, Wang Shanghai led a group of 369 people who were determined to make the environment of Saihanba better.
soil
sandstorms
government
government bush sandstorm result sandy soil
Over the next 60 years, workers planted _________ and trees, creating the world’s biggest man-made forest.
Today, Saihanba is known as “the green miracle”. This is the _________ of hard work and people working together. Now, the land is covered with green trees and the water is clean and fresh.
现在分词短语作结果状语
be known as意为“被认为是；被称为”。
bushes
result
3a Read the text. What stays the same in the student’s life
Changes in My LifeChanges Life
Now that I am older, my life is different from when I was in primary school. For example, my primary school was near my home, so I used to walk to school with my parents. Now my junior high school is farther from home. I take a bus every day with my friends.
be different
from和……不同
primary school小学
junior high school初级中学
senior high school高级中学
My home has changed too. My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one. My grandma lives with us now as well. She has her own room and her own TV set. I am glad that I get to see her every day.
The way I study is also different. I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions. I enjoy studying with my friends. It’s amazing how much we have achieved together.
My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same: the feeling of love and happiness shared by my family.
长难句分析：此句是一个含有定语从句的复合句。主句是The way is also different，定语从句是I study，此处省略了关系代词。
主语从句
The feeling of love and happiness shared by my family stays the same.
从教材语篇3a 学写作技巧
对比法
对比法是通过将两个或多个事物、人物、场景、观点等进行对比，以鲜明地展现它们之间的差异和相似之处。文章通过将“我”小学时和上初中后的生活（包括上学方式、居住环境、学习方式等方面）进行对比，突出了成长过程中生活的诸多变化，也让读者更直观地感受到“我” 在不同阶段的生活状态与成长变化。
3b Complete the table with the information from the text.
Aspect Past Present
school
home
study
close to home; walked
to school with parents
far from home; takes a bus
to school with friends
lived in a small flat
lives in a much larger flat;
Grandma lives with the family
specific ways not
mentioned
more confident; often joins
in group discussions; enjoys
studying with friends
3c Think back to when you were in primary school. In what ways has your life changed Make notes in a table like the one in 3b.
home school study
neighbourhood transport environment
略
3d Choose three changes. Write a short passage about them. End with one thing that stays the same.
略(共32张PPT)
探究一 核心单词
Unit 1 The Changing World
1 link /l k/ n. 交通路线；联系 v. 连接（教材P6）
观察· The newly built highway link connects the industrial park to the downtown area. 新建的高速公路连接线将工业园区与市中心区域连接起来。
· There is a strong link between regular exercise and good health. 规律运动和身体健康之间存在密切联系。
· The new bridge links the two small islands in the lake.
这座新桥连接了湖中的两个小岛。
link n. 意为“交通路线；联系”。常见搭配：
（1）a link between A a nd B A 与B 之间的联系
（2）break the link 打破联系 / 纽带
link 还可作动词，意为“连接”。link A to/with B 将 A 与
B 连接 / 联系起来。
2 capital /'k p tl/ n. 首都（教材P6）
观察· As the capital of China, Beijing has a long history and rich culture. 作为中国的首都，北京拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。
· Switzerland is considered as the capital of watches and clocks. 瑞士被认为是钟表之都。
· Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province.
成都是四川省的省会。
· In English, we use capitals at the beginning of sentences.
英语中，句子开头要用大写字母。
· The company needs more capital to expand its business.
这家公司需要更多资金来扩大业务。
· Please write your name in capital letters.
请用大写字母写你的名字。
capital n. 意为“首都”，此外它还可意为“国都；省会”，the capital of...“……的首都/ 国都/ 省会”。
capital 的其他词义：（1）n. 大写字母；资本
（2）adj. 大写的
3 benefit /'ben f t/ v. 得益于；使受益 n. 优势；益处
观察· The new policy will benefit low-income families directly. 新政策将直接使低收入家庭受益。
· Students can benefit a lot from group discussions in class. 学生能从课堂小组讨论中获益良多。
· Regular exercise has many benefits for both physical and mental health. 规律运动对身心健康有诸多益处。
· The new law was passed for the benefit of small businesses. 新法律的通过是为了小型企业的利益。
benefit v. 意为“得益于；使受益”。既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。常见搭配：
（1）benefit sb/sth 有益于某人/ 某物
（2）benefit from... 从……中获益
（3）benefit by... 通过……受益
benefit 还可作名词，意为“优势；益处”，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。常用搭配：
（1）be of benefit to... 对……有益
（2）for the benefit of sb 为了某人的利益
beneficial adj. 有益的；有利的
4 convenient /k n'vi ni nt/ adj. 方便的（教材P6）
观察· This supermarket is very convenient. 这家超市很方便。
· It’s convenient to take the subway to work.
乘地铁上班很方便。
· Mobile payment is convenient for us.
对我们来说手机支付是便利的。
· The store is conveniently located near the bus stop.
这家商店位置便利，位于公交站附近。
· We value convenience when choosing a restaurant.
选餐厅时我们看重便利性。
convenient adj.意为“方便的”，不能用人作主语。
convenient 的常见用法：（1）It’s convenient (for sb) to
do sth （对某人来说）做某事是便利的。
（2）sth is convenient for sb 对某人来说某事/ 物是便利的
convenient 的相关词形：（1）conveniently adv. 方便地
（2）convenience n. 方便；便利；便利的事物（或设施）
（3）inconvenient adj. 不方便的
小贴士convenient 的主语通常是“事物”或形式主语 it，
不能直接用“人”作主语。
I a m convenient t o meet you.（×）
It is convenient for me to meet you.（√）
5 business /'b zn s/ n. 生意；商业（教材P6）
观察· She has done business with me for 10 years.
她和我做生意已有十年了。
· I know he’s your friend, but business is business.
我知道他是你朋友，但公事公办。
·It’s none of your business. 这不关你的事。
·He went to New York on business. 他去纽约出差了。
· Let’s stop chatting and get down to business.
我们别闲聊了，开始干正事吧。
·She runs a small business. 她经营一家小企业。
business 作不可数名词，意为“生意；商业”。常用搭配：（1）do business with... 和……做生意
（2）out of business 停业；歇业
business 的其他词义：
（1）“归（某人）管的事；职责”，常见用法：
none of your business 不关你的事
have no business doing sth 无权做某事
（2）“商务；公事”，常见搭配：
on business 出差
get down to business 开始认真做事；着手处理正事
（3）“公司；企业；商业机构”，为可数名词。常见用法：
run a big business 经营一家大公司
the family business 家族企业
6 ease /i z/ n. 容易；自在（教材P6）
观察· She passed the exam with ease.她轻松通过了考试。
· The warm room made Mary feel at ease after the long trip. 长途旅行后，温暖的房间让玛丽感到自在舒适。
· He enjoys a life of ease now that he’s retired.
由于他已经退休了，所以过着安逸的生活。
·The medicine can ease your pain. 这药能缓解你的疼痛。
· English is not easy for everyone.
英语对每个人来说并不容易。
·He can finish the work easily. 他能轻松完成这项工作。
ease n. 意为“容易；自在”。常见搭配：
（1）with ease 轻而易举地
（2）at ease 自在；放松；不拘束
（3）life of ease 安逸的生活
ease 还可作动词，意为“使减轻/ 缓解”。常见搭配：
（1）ease pain 缓解疼痛 （2）ease stress 减轻压力
ease 的词形变化：（1）easy adj. 容易的
（2）easily adv. 容易地
7 manager /'m n d (r)/ n. 经理（教材P6）
观察· His father is a manager of a hotel in our city.
他父亲是我们城市里一家宾馆的经理。
· She wants to become a sports shop manager.
她想成为一名体育用品店的经理。
· Within two years, he started to manage the store.
不出两年他就开始管理这家店了。
· The new management techniques aim to improve efficiency. 新的管理技巧旨在提高效率。
· How did you manage to solve the problem
你是怎么设法解决问题的？
manager n. 意为“经理”，是可数名词。
manager 的词形变换：（1）manage v. 负责；管理
（2）management n. 经营；管理
manage 还可意为“完成（困难的事）”，manage to do sth
设法做成某事。
8 conclusion /k n'klu n/ n. 总结（教材P7）
观察· After analyzing all the data, the researchers drew a clear conclusion. 分析完所有数据后，研究人员得出了明确的结论。
· Don’t jump to conclusions—we need to hear his side of the story first. 别仓促下结论，我们得先听听他的说法。
· In conclusion, I would like to thank everyone for their support and dedication to this project.
最后，我想感谢所有人对这个项目的支持和付出。
· The movie has a surprising conclusion that no one expected. 这部电影有一个很意外的结局，没人预料到。
conclusion n. 意为“总结”。
conclusion 的常见搭配：
（1）draw/reach/come to a conclusion 得出结论
（2）jump to conclusions 仓促下结论
（3）in conclusion 总之（用于总结）
conclusion 作名词，还可意为“结尾；结局”。
9 lead /li d/ v. （led /led/, led）带领；过（某种生活）n. 领先地位；主角（教材P8）
观察· The teacher leads us to think independently.
老师引导我们独立思考。
·She leads the team to victory. 她带领团队走向胜利。
· They lead a busy life in the city.
他们在城市里过着忙碌的生活。
· Smoking can lead to health problems. 吸烟会导致健康问题。
· She took the lead in cleaning the classroom.她带头打扫教室。
· A good leader should listen to others.好的领导者应倾听他人。
· She plays a leading role in the movie. 她在电影中扮演主角。
lead v. 意为“带领；过（某种生活）”，常见用法：
（1）lead sb to do sth 引导/ 促使某人做某事
（2）lead sb to... 带领某人去……
（3）lead a/an... life 过一种……的生活
lead 作动词，还可意为“通向；通往”。lead to 意为“通向；
导致；引起”，后接名词、代词或动名词。
lead 还可作名词，意为“领先地位；主角”。常见搭配：
（1）take the lead 带头；领先 （2）in the lead 处于领先地位
lead 的相关词：（1）leader n. 领导者
（2）leading adj. 最好的；最重要的（常用于名词前）
10 junior /'d u ni (r)/ adj. 低年级的；初级的（教材P9）
观察· She’s a junior student at this university, majoring in
English. 她是这所大学的低年级学生，主修英语。
· He was promoted from junior engineer to senior engineer in just two years.
他仅用两年就从初级工程师晋升为高级工程师。
· The event is open to seniors and juniors in high school.
该活动面向高中高年级和低年级学生。
junior adj. 意为“低年级的；初级的”，特指中小学或大学中年级较低的，常用于名词前，反义词为senior。
junior 的常用搭配：（1）junior high school 初中
（2）junior student 低年级学生
junior 还可作名词，意为“职位较低者；青少年”。senior 也可作名词，意为“较……年长的人；上级；高年级学生”。
11 discussion /d 'sk n/ n. 讨论（教材P9）
观察· We had a discussion with them about the differences between Britain and the US.
我们和他们讨论了英美两国的不同之处。
· Let’s have a discussion about how to solve the problem.
我们讨论一下如何解决这个问题吧。
· She was too shy to join in the discussion.
她太害羞了，以至于不敢加入讨论。
· The matter is still under discussion between the two companies. 这件事仍在两家公司之间讨论中。
discussion n. 意为“讨论”，是由“discuss （v. 讨论；商量）+ -ion（名词后缀）”构成的。
由discussion 构成的短语有：
（1）have a d iscussion with sb 和某人讨论
（2）have a d iscussion about sth 关于某事展开讨论
（3）have/hold a d iscussion 发起或组织讨论
（4）join in a d iscussion 参与讨论
（5）under discussion 正在讨论中(共34张PPT)
探究一 核心单词
Unit 1 The Changing World
1 rough /r f/ adj. 崎岖的（教材P2）
观察· The car bumped along the rough mountain road.
汽车在崎岖的山路上颠簸行驶。
· The table has a rough surface. 这张桌子表面很粗糙。
· She had a rough time after losing her job.
她失业后经历了一段艰难的时光。
· At a rough estimate, the project will take three months to complete. 粗略估计，这个项目将需要三个月完成。
归纳拓展 rough 作形容词的一词多义：
（1）崎岖的 （2）粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的
（3）艰难的 （4）粗略的
2 shortage /' t d / n. 短缺（教材P3）
观察· There is a shortage of clean water in some areas.
一些地区缺乏清洁的水。
· A food shortage during the war forced families to rely on emergency rations.
战争期间的粮食短缺迫使家庭依赖应急配给。
· The boy is short of money to buy books. 这个男孩缺钱买书。
归纳拓展
shortage n. 意为“短缺”，通常作可数名词。常见
搭配：（1）a shortage of... 缺乏…… （2）food shortages
食物短缺 （3）water shortages 用水短缺
形容词形式为short，意为“不足的；短缺的”。
be short of缺少。
3 lack /l k/ n. 缺乏（教材P3）
观察· A lack of sleep can affect your work efficiency.
睡眠不足会影响你的工作效率。
· The project lacks sufficient funding to continue.
这个项目缺乏足够的资金继续推进。
归纳拓展
lack n. 意为“缺乏”，是不可数名词。a lack of... 缺乏……。
lack 还可作动词，意为“缺乏；短缺”，不用于被动语态。
4 sandy /'s ndi/ adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的（教材P3）
观察· The path was covered with sandy soil.
小路被沙土覆盖。
· Sand is used to make glass. 沙子用于制造玻璃。
· The children played on the sand. 孩子们在沙滩上玩耍。
sandy adj. 意为“铺满沙子的；含沙的”，是由“sand（n. 沙子）+ -y（形容词后缀）”构成的。
-y 是形容词后缀，表示“充满……的、具有……特征的”，
类似构成的词有：（1）cloud → cloudy 多云的
（2）sun→ sunny 晴朗的 （3）rock→ rocky 多岩石的
sand 还可意为“沙滩”。on the sand 在沙滩上。
5 government /'ɡ v nm nt/ n. 政府（教材P3）
观察· The government has announced a new law.
政府已宣布一项新法律。
· Local governments are responsible for public services.
地方政府负责公共服务。
· The new government policy aims to reduce pollution.
新政府政策旨在减少污染。
government n. 意为“政府”。集合名词，作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
由government 构成的常见短语有：
（1）in government 执政
（2）local government 地方政府
（3）government policy 政府政策
government 是由govern（v. 统治；管理）+ -ment（名词后缀）构成的名词。类似的词还有：
（1）develop → development 发展
（2）improve → improvement 改进
6 support /s 'p t/ n. & v. 支持（教材P3）
观察· Thanks for your support. 感谢你的支持。
· My family and friends gave lots of support to me.
我的家人和朋友给了我很多支持。
· The wall supports the roof. 这面墙支撑着屋顶。
· We all support you in taking part in the activity.
我们都支持你参加这项活动。
· He works hard to support his family. 他努力工作供养家人。
support n. 意为“支持”，是不可数名词。常用搭配：
（1）in support of 支持
（2）give/offer support to sb 给予某人支持
（3）with one’s support 在某人的支持下
support 还可作动词，意为“支持；养活；赡养”。support sb in (doing) sth 在（做）某事上支持某人。
7 attraction / tr k n/ n. 向往的地方；吸引力
观察· We visited all the main tourist attractions in Beijing during our trip. 旅行期间，我们参观了北京所有的主要旅游胜地。
· His attraction to traditional music led him to learn the erhu. 他对传统音乐的热爱促使他学习二胡。
· The beautiful scenery attracts thousands of visitors every year. 美丽的风景每年吸引成千上万的游客。
· Gankeng Hakka Town is very attractive to foreign tourists.
甘坑客家小镇对外国游客极具吸引力。
attraction n. 意为“向往的地方；吸引力”，既可
作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。常见搭配：
（1）tourist attractions 旅游胜地
（2）attraction to sth/sb 对某物 / 某人的喜爱
attraction 的相关词：（1）attract v. 吸引；引起……的好感
（2）attractive adj. 有吸引力的；有魅力的
8 product /'pr d kt/ n. 产品（教材P4）
观察· This company sells many popular products.
这家公司销售许多受欢迎的产品。
· The new product is popular with young people.
这款新产品很受年轻人欢迎。
· Success is the product of hard work.
成功是努力工作的产物。
product n. 意为“产品；产物；结果”，复数形式是products。
product 的相关短语：
（1）the product of... ……的产物/ 结果
（2）best-selling product 畅销产品
（3）product quality 产品质量
（4）agricultural product 农产品
product 的相关词：
（1）produce v. 生产；制造 n. 产品；（尤指）农产品
（2）producer n. 生产商
（3）production n. 生产；产量
辨析：product 与produce
product 可数名词，意为“产品；制品”，指人工制造或加工出来的产品。
produce 不可数名词，意为“产品；（尤指）农产品”，指农业或自然产出的产品。
9 greatly /'ɡre tli/ adv. 大大地；非常（教材P4）
观察· I greatly admire your courage. 我非常钦佩你的勇气。
· The two cultures are greatly different in terms of traditions. 这两种文化在传统方面有很大差异。
·She is a great scientist. 她是一位伟大的科学家。
· His greatness lies in his kindness. 他的伟大在于他的善良。
· The team is largely made up of students. 团队主要由学生组成。
greatly adv. 意为“大大地；非常”，常用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，强调程度之深。
greatly 的相关词：（1）great adj. 伟大的；极好的
（2）greatness n. 伟大；杰出
辨析：greatly 与largely
greatly 意为“大大地；非常”，强调程度深，多指抽象的情感、影响、变化。
largely 意为“主要地；在很大程度上”，强调范围广、占比高，多指向具体的构成、原因、范围。
10 socialist /'s l st/ adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者
观察· The book explains the core values of socialist culture.
这本书阐释了社会主义文化的核心价值观。
· The socialists in this area are actively promoting environmental protection measures.
这个地区的社会主义者正在积极推动环境保护措施。
· Social skills are important to teenagers.
社交技能对青少年很重要。
· Socialism aims to achieve common prosperity.
社会主义旨在实现共同富裕。
socialist adj. 意为“社会主义的”，修饰名词，描述“事物与社会主义的关联”，如制度、国家、政策、理念等。
如：（1）socialist country 社会主义国家
（2）socialist system 社会主义制度
（3）socialist construction 社会主义建设
socialist 还可作名词，意为“社会主义者”。
socialist 的词形变化：（1）social adj. 社会的；社交的
（2）socialism n. 社会主义
11 housing /'ha z / n. 住房；住宅（教材P4）
观察· The charity provides housing for the homeless.
该慈善机构为无家可归者提供住房。
· The new housing policy aims to stabilize prices.
新的住房政策旨在稳定价格。
· The new dormitory building can house over 1000 students. 这座新的宿舍楼可以住1000 多名学生。
housing n. 意为“住房；住宅”。常见搭配：
（1）housing problem 住房问题
（2）housing market 住房市场
housing 是由house（v. 给……提供住所；供……居住）+ -ing 构成的，属于“动词 + -ing”转化为名词的构词法。
house 还可作名词，意为“房子；住宅”。
12 track /tr k/ n. 小路；轨道（教材P5）
观察· We followed a narrow track through the forest to the waterfall. 我们沿着一条窄小径穿过森林，前往瀑布。
· Workers have spent three months laying new railway tracks.
工人们花了三个月铺设新铁轨。
· We followed the bear’s tracks in the snow.
我们跟着熊在雪地上留下的足迹走。
· The hunters tracked the deer through the snow.
猎人循着雪地里的痕迹追踪那只鹿。
track n. 意为“小路；轨道”，是可数名词。
railway tracks 铁轨。
track 作名词，还可意为“足迹；踪迹；车辙”，常用复数形式。
track 还可作动词，意为“追踪；跟踪；留下足迹”。
13 wide /wa d/ adj. 宽的；宽阔的（教材P5）
观察· They came to a wide river. 他们来到了一条宽阔的河边。
·The river is 10 meters wide. 这条河 10 米宽。
· He has a wide knowledge of ancient history.
他对古代史有广博的知识。
·Open your mouth wide. 把嘴张大。
· Chinese is used more and more widely around the world.
中文在世界各地被越来越广泛地使用。
· What’s the width of this table 这张桌子的宽度是多少？
· The road widens just up ahead. 再往前一点儿道路就变宽了。
wide adj. 意为“宽的；宽阔的”，反义词为narrow（狭窄的）。比较级为wider，最高级为widest。
表示“物体的长、宽、高、深”时，表达为“基数词+ 单位词+形容词（long，wide，high，deep）”或“基数词+ 单位词+in + 名词（length，width，height，depth）”。
wide 作形容词，还可意为“广泛的”，常用于名词前。
wide knowledge 广博的知识。
wide 还可作副词，意为“充分地”。
wide 的相关词：（1）widely adv. 广泛地
（2）width n. 宽度 （3）widen v. 加宽
辨析：wide 与widely
wide 作副词，仅用于修饰“与具体空间、物理状态相关的动作或状态”，如open wide。
widely 仅用于修饰“与抽象范围、认知、分布相关的动作或状态”，如widely used。
