中考英语定语从句汉译英练习(含答案)
一、限制性定语从句关系词分类(必背)
关系代词(在从句作主语或宾语)
指人:who / that / whom(whom 只作宾语)
指物:which / that
表示 “…… 的”:whose
关系副词(在从句作状语)
时间:when(先行词是时间)
地点:where(先行词是地点)
原因:why(先行词是 reason)
基本概念
修饰先行词(名词 / 代词),限定范围,必不可少
无逗号,翻译:…… 的
结构:先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
关系词分类
1. 关系代词(作主语、宾语)
指人
who:作主语
whom:作宾语(可省)
that:主语 / 宾语(可省)
指物
which:主语 / 宾语(可省)
that:主语 / 宾语(可省)
所属关系
whose:…… 的(人 / 物通用)
2. 关系副词(作状语)
when:时间(先行词是时间)
where:地点(先行词是地点)
why:原因(先行词是 reason)
关系词省略规则
只有:关系代词在从句中作宾语 时可省略
例:the book (that/which) I bought
必考点:只能用 that,不能用 which
先行词被最高级修饰
先行词被序数词修饰
先行词是 all, everything, nothing 等不定代词
先行词被 the only, the very, the same 修饰
先行词既有人又有物
句首已有 who/which,避免重复
只能用 which,不用 that
介词提前:介词 + which
非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开,中考考得相对少)
中考解题三步法
找先行词 → 判断:人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点 / 原因
看从句成分
缺主语 / 宾语 → 关系代词
缺状语 → 关系副词
看特殊情况 → 判定是否只用 that
二、定语从句 汉译英专项练习
要求:用括号里提示的关系词,把句子翻译成完整英语句子。
(一)先行词是人 —— who /that
我喜欢友善的人。(提示:who/that)
他是那个经常帮助我的男孩。(提示:who/that)
你认识正在树下唱歌的女孩吗?(提示:who/that)
(二)先行词是人,作宾语 —— whom /who/that
这就是我昨天遇见的老师。(提示:whom/who/that)
我喜欢我昨天交的朋友。(提示:whom/who/that)
(三)先行词是物 —— which /that
这是我昨天买的书。(提示:which/that)
我喜欢有趣的电影。(提示:which/that)
我找不到我丢失的钢笔。(提示:which/that)
(四)表示所属 —— whose
我认识那个爸爸是医生的男孩。(提示:whose)
这是窗户朝向大海的房间。(提示:whose)
(五)时间状语 —— when
我永远记得我来到这个班级的那一天。(提示:when)
我不会忘记我们一起学习的时光。(提示:when)
(六)地点状语 —— where
这是我出生的地方。(提示:where)
这是我们去年参观的学校。(提示:where)
(七)原因状语 —— why
你知道他生气的原因吗?(提示:why)
三、教材原句翻译(中考必考)
我喜欢能跟着一起唱的音乐。(提示:that/which)
我仍然记得我第一次去北京的日子。(提示:when)
我们喜欢歌词有意义的歌曲。(提示:whose)
四、中考真题句型翻译
你喜欢能使你放松的音乐吗?(提示:that/which)
他就是救了那个孩子的医生。(提示:who/that)
五、定语从句在中考阅读和作文中的运用
我喜欢善良且乐于助人的人。
李老师是教我们英语的老师。
这是我最好的朋友,他总是在我需要时帮助我。
我想成为能对社会有帮助的人。
我非常感谢在我困难时帮助我的老师。
他是一个从不放弃的男孩。
我喜欢能让我放松的音乐。
阅读是能开阔我们眼界的好习惯。
我最喜欢的运动是能让我变强壮的篮球。
我有很多能给我带来快乐的爱好。
我们应该养成对健康有益的好习惯。
这是我学习和成长的学校。
我喜欢我居住的城市。
这是一个每个人都很友好的美丽地方。
我们学校有很多能帮助我们学习的书籍。
我永远记得我第一次来学校的那一天。
我不会忘记我们一起学习的快乐时光。
我仍然记得我加入俱乐部的日子。
这里有一些能帮助你的建议。
我们应该做对环境有利的事情。
这是你可以遵循的一些规则。
我有一个能激励我努力学习的梦想。
我想做我喜欢的工作。
我相信我能实现我的梦想。
诚实是最重要的品质之一。
这是我们每个人都应该记住的道理。
成功属于永不言败的人。
这就是我想告诉你的事情。
这些都是对我们很重要的事情。
我希望每个人都能过快乐且有意义的生活。
答案
(一)
I like people who/that are friendly.
He is the boy who/that often helps me.
Do you know the girl who/that is singing under the tree
This is the teacher (whom/who/that) I met yesterday.
I like the friends (whom/who/that) I made yesterday.
This is the book (which/that) I bought yesterday.
I like movies which/that are interesting.
I can’t find the pen (which/that) I lost.
I know the boy whose father is a doctor.
This is the room whose windows face the sea.
I will never forget the day when I came to this class.
I won’t forget the time when we studied together.
This is the place where I was born.
This is the school where we visited last year.
Do you know the reason why he was angry
I like music that/which I can sing along with.
I still remember the day when I first went to Beijing.
We like songs whose lyrics have meaning.
Do you like music that/which can make you relaxed
He is the doctor who/that saved the child.
(二)第四大题
I like people who/that are kind and ready to help others.
Miss Li is the teacher who/that teaches us English.
This is my best friend who/that always helps me when I need it.
I want to be a person who/that can help the society.
I thank the teachers who/that helped me when I was in trouble.
He is a boy who/that never gives up.
I like music that/which can make me relaxed.
Reading is a good habit that/which can open our eyes.
My favorite sport is basketball that/which can make me strong.
I have many hobbies that/which bring me happiness.
We should form good habits that/which are good for health.
This is our school where I study and grow up.
I like the city where I live.
This is a beautiful place where everyone is friendly.
Our school has many books that/which can help us study.
I will never forget the day when I first came to school.
I won’t forget the happy time when we studied together.
I still remember the day when I joined the club.
Here are some suggestions that/which can help you.
We should do things that/which are good for the environment.
Here are some rules that/which you can follow.
I have a dream that/which encourages me to study hard.
I want to do the work that/which I like.
I believe I can realize the dream that/which I have.
Honesty is one of the qualities that are the most important.
This is the truth that/which everyone should remember.
Success belongs to people who/that never give up.
This is the thing that/which I want to tell you.
These are the things that/which are very important to us.
I hope everyone can live a happy and meaningful life that/which is valuable.