Unit 1 Science Fiction
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. It is r to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.
2. They made an (appoint) for the second day of May.
3. He had no sense of shame and never felt g .
4. The customs officer asked， “ Do you have anything to d ？” “Nothing.” I answered.
5. A man’s d depends not upon his wealth but upon his character.
6. Some people like coffee， w others like tea.
7. My sister (suspend) from her job shortly after the incident.
8. He was d for neglect of his duty.
9. The finished item will be sold door－to－door by village (saleswoman).
10. In order to hang the picture， he had to hammer a n .
11. In the movie， Mr Bean always gets into awkward and a situations， which greatly amuses audience around the world.
12. I’ve got a wonderful new job and my s is twice that of my previous one.
13. When it comes to this person， we immediately think of the words “i ” and “honesty”.
14. The firm recognised Tom’s outstanding work by giving him an extra b .
15. It’s important to distinguish fact from f .
Ⅱ. 短语填空
experiment with… test out
on a business trip more like
as a favour or rather
be rude to… turn around
be in a relationship after all
1. ， 15 minutes of exercise is better than nothing.
2. I had no idea that they and were going to get married next month.
3. This new product， ， this new style of shirt， is not very attractive.
4. I’ve been for a month. I really miss my family.
5. He’s a film star than a lifeguard， really.
6. The model must before you put the product on sale.
7. He wouldn’t take any money； he insisted he was doing it .
8. He ， and I recognised him as a former classmate.
9. Scientists are a new material for packaging.
10. I’m sorry for you yesterday； now I take back everything I said.
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：As she turned around， there stood Gladys Claffern.
【即学即练】
(1)最后一班火车就要开走了。
There .
(2)下雨了，(大家)都撑起伞了。
Down and up .
(3)现在该你了。
Now .
(4)沿路长有高大的树。
Along the road .
2. 原句：Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys.
点睛：“be ＋being ＋adj.”结构常用来表达被陈述对象行为反常(暂时的特点或表现)以及说话人惊讶、不满、责备等情绪。
【即学即练】
(1)我不确定他是真的感兴趣还是只是出于礼貌而已。
I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he .
(2)你当时有意装傻。
You at that time.
(3)我们所有人都觉得老板这次格外慷慨。
Everyone thinks that our boss this time.
Ⅳ. 完形填空
The novelist’s medium is the written word. One might almost say the 1 word. Typically the novel is 2 by a silent individual reader， who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest， most portable and adaptable form of 3 entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information— 4 . The narrative can go， 5 ， anywhere： into space， people’s heads， palaces and pyramids without any consideration of cost or practical possibility.
In determining the shape and content of his narrative， the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria (标准).The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his 6 ， but if the writer 7 to meet this condition， no one would be 8 . It is not unknown for a famous novelist to deliver his or her manuscript and expect the publisher to print it 9 as written.
However， not even the most famous playwright would submit a script (剧本) and expect it to be 10 without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative， using more than one channel of communication.
The production of a stage play involves not only the 11 of the author， but also the physical presence of the actors， their voices and gestures， the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential part of both play and film， it is a 12 for following revision negotiated between the writer and other creative people involved. They’re given “approval” of the choice of a director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals (排练)， during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of screenplay， the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. So in this respect contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of 13 .
In film or television work， on the other hand， the screenplay has no contractual rights to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts， the writer is in the driver’s seat， although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way， artistic control over the project tends to pass to the 14 . This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama， who tend to give all the 15 or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors， ignoring the contribution， for good and ill， of the director.
( )1.A. old－fashioned B. fixed
C. presented D. printed ( )2. A. consumed B. assessed
C. shared D. experienced
( )3. A. social B. narrative
C. favourite D. easy
( )4. A. sourcing B. surfing
C. writing D. receiving
( )5. A. aimlessly B. effortlessly
C. purposely D. vainly
( )6. A. text B. publication
C. ambition D. attitude
( )7. A. refused B. agreed
C. promised D. wanted
( )8. A. confused B. shocked
C. surprised D. worried
( )9. A. simply B. eventually
C. freely D. exactly
( )10. A. performed B. approved
C. covered D. continued
( )11. A. fame B. words
C. creation D. rights
( )12. A. basis B. reference
C. plan D. rule
( )13. A. actors B. directors
C. audiences D. authors
( )14. A. writer B. director
C. producer D. actor
( )15. A. hope B. work
C. credit D. profit
Ⅴ. 课文语法填空
A household robot called Tony was to be tested 1 in Larry’s house. Though Claire， Larry’s wife， didn’t like 2 idea at the beginning， she was persuaded to let the robot accompany her 3 her husband was away on a business trip.
The robot looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth hair. Though his facial 4 (express) never changed， the robot spoke in a deep and attractive voice. At the first sight of Tony， Claire felt alarmed because he seemed 5 (much) like a human than a machine. So when Tony offered to help her dress， Claire felt more than 6 (embarrass).
However， Tony gradually won Claire’s trust. He took good care of Claire and even managed to rescue her when she fell off the ladder. He also helped Claire realise her dreams by 7 (make) her home elegant， giving her a new haircut and changing her makeup. Therefore， at the party all the guests who 8 (invite) were filled with admiration when they saw her house was 9 (complete) changed. Claire felt satisfied and recovered her confidence. And Tony said he was so attached 10 her that he hated to leave her.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9.
10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. When I first went to New York， it all felt very a to me.
2. If a person is missing for seven years， he is (presume) dead.
3. The child has a (week) allowance of five dollars.
4. He outsells all other (salesman) for the company.
5. There are five hundred (gramme) of sugar in the box.
6. He added the remaining f to make a soft dough.
7. My friend offered to pay my plane f ， which was very generous of him.
8. The scientist couldn’t c when the spaceship would reach the Jupiter.
9. There are all sorts of (rumour) in the air that dozens of people were dead in the fire.
10. His friend， the violinist， sent us the promised free tickets， with an information leaflet on the v . It was forty minutes’ drive away.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——复习被动语态
1. 单句语法填空
(1)Different types of teas (taste) by skilled tea－tasters before appearing in the Tea Trade Centre.
(2)A snow (expect) to come next week.
(3)The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
(4)This is one of the highest buildings that (build) in our city recently.
(5)It’s great that all the visitors who (trap) on the island were saved.
(6)They haven’t moved into the new house because it (decorate) now.
(7)I want to buy that kind of cloth because I have been told the cloth (wash) well.
(8)The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language (come) out in the 18th century.
(9)Please wear your best clothes on Monday， as your class photos (take) then.
(10)English (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)他正沉浸在故事中，忽然被一阵巨响吓到了。
He in the story when he by a loud noise.
(2)这件外衣是棉质的。
The coat cotton.
(3)工人们那时被迫每天工作12小时。
The workers 12 hours a day then.
(4)作业应该按时上交。
Our homework on time.
(5)女孩赶到火车站，却发现客人已经被接走了。
The girl to the railway station， only to find the guests .
(6)据报道，这次事故中大约有三百人丧生。
that about three hundred people in this accident.
(7)那山顶常年积雪。
The mountain snow all round the year.
(8)父亲给他买了一辆车作为生日礼物。
A car for him by his father as his birthday present.
(9)校运会将在下周三下午举行。
The school sports meeting next Wednesday afternoon.
(10)那座桥在两年前就已被工人们建成了。
The bridge by the workers two years ago.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Trees have always held much attraction for people. They are the 1 and biggest life forms on our planet and one of the most beautiful. As a direct 2 with thousands of years of history， trees appear in many religions and have 3 artists over the years.
When I was a child I 4 a science fiction story that made me think about trees in a new way. In the story， visitors from an advanced civilisation come to our planet and their spaceship 5 in the middle of a forest. The aliens have a long 6 with the trees of the forest and then leave， 7 to think that the inhabitants of Earth are noble， intelligent and peaceful.
Trees know a lot about being part of a community and how cooperation is better for a society than 8 . Scientists are only just beginning to understand how it all 9 ， but we now know that trees growing together share all of the available resources with each other. So， strong trees in a good 10 will share food and water with weaker trees that receive less sunlight. By 11 ， a community of trees makes itself stronger. The 12 of giant redwood trees， for example， grow together under the ground. It’s as if they are holding hands. This means that they are 13 stronger when there are heavy winds or floods.
We all acknowledge that trees are 14 for the environment and the survival of our planet. Perhaps they have even more to 15 us in the future.
( )1. A. kindest B. oldest
C. heaviest D. fittest
( )2. A. link B. league
C. culture D. agreement
( )3. A. governed B. sponsored
C. inspired D. tricked
( )4. A. took in B. came across
C. set aside D. kept up
( )5. A. lands B. drops
C. flies D. shoots
( )6. A. translation B. word
C. cooperation D. conversation
( )7. A. curious B. happy
C. desperate D. grateful
( )8. A. regulations B. management
C. competition D. construction
( )9. A. learns B. ends
C. grows D. works
( )10. A. position B. manner
C. rank D. model
( )11. A. pulling back B. bringing up
C. fighting back D. teaming up
( )12. A. branches B. fruits
C. leaves D. roots
( )13. A. nearly B. really
C. only D. merely
( )14. A. popular B. suitable
C. vital D. normal
( )15. A. offer B. take
C. pay D. study
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
When a dog loses a leg， the animal eventually figures out the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time， the dog learns to deal with its physical disability.
Now， scientists have developed robots that behave in much the same way. We can find robots everywhere. They can build cars， play chess and clean your house. They may someday drive your car， too. Two robots， named Spirit and Opportunity， were sent to Mars on a mission to explore the red planet.
Jeff Clune， a computer scientist at the University of Wyoming， says robots also help people in natural disasters. Robots are applied in search and rescue operations following an earthquake. They may someday also be used to examine the ruins of a nuclear accident， like the one in Fukushima， Japan.
Mr Clune says， “Robots can be sent to a lot of places said to be unsafe. The problem is that all of those types of situations and environment are extremely unpredictable and dangerous. And it is very likely that robots and humans in those situations become damaged.” He and other scientists are developing technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. They want the machines to have the ability to make changes and continue performing until they can be repaired.
Mr Clune and researchers in France have added one more operation to the skill set of robots working under difficult conditions. They programmed a hexapod robot， one with six legs， and a robotic arm to learn how to deal with injury. Once the robots become damaged， they use their intuition and knowledge of how their body works to find a way to deal with the damage.
The robots are also programmed with childlike curiosity. In other words， they are always asking questions and looking for answers. The whole process takes about a minute for the robots to find a way to overcome damage.
( )1. In Paragraph 1， the writer mentions dogs to .
A. describe a scene
B. introduce a topic
C. offer an argument
D. make a comparison
( )2. What is special about the robots being developed by Mr Clune and other scientists？
A. They help people drive cars.
B. They detect unpredictable dangers.
C. They go on performing tasks despite injury.
D. They check the ruins of a nuclear accident.
( )3. What does the underlined part “one more operation” refer to？
A. Coping with the damage.
B. Arousing childlike curiosity.
C. Programming a robot with six legs.
D. Using the intuition and knowledge.
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Could you f the apples that I bought from the supermarket？
2. The river forms the (divide) between the old and new parts of the city.
3. The atomic (explode) is always accompanied by huge fireball.
4. After the rain， the roads were covered in m ， which made us so slow that we didn’t arrive on time.
5. The child turned the volume up to the m ， which made other passengers bothered and annoyed.
6. The magician picked several people at r from the audience and asked them to help with his performance.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
superior to take over
conflict with turn out
fall away have an urge to
1. The vacation is coming and I travel.
2. These results earlier findings， which encourages them to do further researches.
3. The whole town to see the wonderful circus yesterday.
4. After his defeat， many of his supporters .
5. He the editing of the magazine three weeks ago.
6. It cannot be questioned that the new solution is the old one.
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：Night came as if a lamp was being turned out， and in another moment came the day.
【即学即练】
(1)Everything in my childhood crowded into my mind as if they (happen) just now.
(2)他张开嘴好像要说些什么。
He opened his mouth .
2. 原句：It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
【即学即练】
(1)是老师的褒奖促成了我的成功。
contributes to my success.
(2)你是什么时候下定决心要当一名志愿者老师的？
you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher？
3. 原句：So long as I travelled at maximum speed， it didn’t matter.
【即学即练】
只要虚心，就会进步。
(1) you are modest， you’ll surely make progress. (provide)
(2) you are modest， you’ll surely make progress.
(3) you are modest， you’ll surely make progress.(使用only 短语)
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank， and of having nothing to do； once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading， but it had no pictures or conversations in it. “What is the use of the book，” thought Alice， “without pictures and conversations？”
So she was considering in her own mind whether the pleasure of making a daisy chain (雏菊花环) would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies， when suddenly a white rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.
There was nothing so very remarkable in that； but when the rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat－pocket， and looked at it， and then hurried on， Alice started to her feet， for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat pocket， or a watch to take out of it. Burning with curiosity， she ran across the field after it， and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit hole under the bush.
The rabbit hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way， and then dipped suddenly down， so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well.
Down， down， down. Would the fall never come to an end？ “I wonder how many miles I’ve fallen by this time？” she said aloud. “I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth.
Let me see： that would be four thousand miles down， I think. I wonder if I shall fall right through the earth！ How funny it’ll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downward！ The antipathies， I think—but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is， you know. ‘Please， Ma’am， is this New Zealand or Australia？’ And what an ignorant little girl she’ll think me for asking！ No， it’ll never do to ask.”
Down， down， down. There was nothing else to do， when suddenly， thump！ Thump！
Down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves， and the fall was over.
( )1. What kind of books do you think will interest Alice most？
A. Books that her sister read.
B. Books without pictures or conversations.
C. Books about white rabbits.
D. Books with pictures and conversations.
( )2. Which is the right order of the story？
a. Alice jumped into a large hole.
b. A white rabbit ran close by her.
c. Alice sat by her sister， doing nothing.
d. She fell upon some sticks and dry leaves.
A. c—b—a—d B. d—a—c—b
C. a—b—c—d D. d—c—a—b
( )3. From the passage， we can see Alice is a(n) girl.
A. helpful and friendly
B. curious and imaginative
C. brave and curious
D. ignorant and pretty
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
Fiction books tend to be much more popular than self－improvement books. Fiction books are designed and written in such a way as inspires you to continue reading them. On the other hand， non－fiction books in the self－improvement field are intended to help you settle a problem or reach a specific goal. In most cases， these types of books aren’t written in the form of stories. 1 Self－improvement books can open up all kinds of future chances for you. You’ll learn new things， be inspired， and develop a deep love for practical knowledge and wisdom. 2 You’ll be able to use the ideas and advice that you learn in your daily life. And once you do this， you’ll be likely to get positive results.
3 The secret is to understand your present situation and to have a clear vision of what you hope to achieve in the future. The ideal self－improvement book will be one that fits your present needs. 4 In this way， you can identify all the problems you’re facing. Once you’ve recognised a problem， try to figure out the cause behind it. Then keep the problem and the cause in mind when you come to choose a book.
A keyword search of an online bookseller’s listing will usually throw up dozens or even hundreds of results. 5 For example， you can read the foreword， look at comments and consider whether the book can give you the answers you need. The whole process may take you some time but it’ll be worth it.
A. And what’s the most exciting thing？
B. They read specifically for self－improvement and success.
C. So you need to take a good look at yourself and your life.
D. Then， how can we choose a right self－improvement book？
E. This leads many people to believe the books are boring to read.
F. After picking the book， keep your desired answer in mind as you read.
G. However， there are many things you can do to narrow these results down.
1.
2.
3. 4.
5.
Ⅵ. 语法填空
If a little human-like robot begged you not to shut it off， would you show sympathy？
In an experiment 1 (intend) to find out how people treat robots when they act like humans， many participants struggled to power down a begging robot named Nao. 2 experiment was conducted by researchers in Germany， whose findings 3 (publish) in the scientific journal PLOS ONE.
The robot Nao， 4 was designed to beg about half of the participants not to switch it off but not the other half， was used 5 (measure) if his begging affected how people reacted.
In one previous experiment， researchers found that people preferred communicating with robots with complementary (互补的) personality characteristics to their own. And since robots can exhibit social characteristics either 6 (speak) with human voices or taking the shape of a human body， the research 7 (suggest) that people tend to react “ 8 (especial) social to them”.
The researchers said a possible 9 (explain) for their results was that people regarded Nao’s begging 10 “a sign of making its own decision”.
1.
2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9.
10.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Kanda really doesn’t like to walk alone. The scientist from a research institute of intelligent robots finds the experience so boring that he’d rather drive—even though he lives close to his lab and knows that walking is healthy. “I enjoy walking with someone， like with my wife， with my daughter，” Kanda said. “But they are not always available.”
So Kanda， who specialises in human－like robots， developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings， which， he hopes， might motivate people to get out and exercise more. The robot rests on a person’s shoulder like a boxy parrot. It weighs about a pound and a half and sits roughly 8.5 inches high， 3.5 inches wide， and 10 inches long. A microphone， a speaker， and an internal camera allow it to communicate. It’s even equipped with a smile.
Kanda and his team collected video from five different locations， including a garden and a shopping mall， and created a data set of small talk topics related to each location. Then they programmed the robot to associate visual cues with specific topics. A special speech software provided the robot with a voice. Near a group of parked cars， for example， it might say， “In a big parking lot sometimes I forget where I parked.”
They tested the robot on 15 volunteers， 10 males and 5 females， who were paid and averaged about 26 years old. “Have you ever blown a puff of dandelion (蒲公英) seeds into the air？” The robot asked a participant who smiled and responded， “Yes， I often did that when I was a child.” Although several participants noted the robot’s weight， Kanda was surprised that no one considered the experience strange or funny. “I guess people enjoy new technologies，” he said.
Just like a human partner， Kanda’s robot isn’t perfect. It’s not able to go for walks in heavy rain and， while the robot can make expressions， it can’t really hold a conversation， about which Kanda is most worried. Despite its limits， Kanda was comforted by the robot’s presence. “I felt a kind of sense of being with someone，” he said， “particularly when it spoke.”
( )1. What characteristic does the robot have？
A. It can “speak” and “see”.
B. It can walk just like a human being.
C. It can communicate with people freely.
D. It is much more humorous than a real person.
( )2. What is necessary for the robot to function？
A.A small size.
B. A boxy shape.
C. A human partner.
D. A speech software.
( )3. What is Kanda most likely to do about his robot next？
A. To make it more convenient to carry.
B. To improve its conversational skills.
C. To enable it to walk in heavy rain.
D. To better its sound system.
B
Indian－origin Anvitha Vijay has given a new meaning to the phrase “age is just a number”； she has proved that achievements and knowledge follow passion and not just age and experience.
Vijay， who lives with her parents in Melbourne， Australia， at the age of seven realised that her piggy bank did not have enough money to hire a developer to make her an app， so she decided to teach herself how to code. With the help of the videos on the Internet， the young techie learnt to code. For one entire year， she watched multiple coding tutorials on the web and became a programmer herself.
Vijay’s inspiration for developing the apps was her little sister， who was still learning to talk. Therefore， Vijay developed an educational app for children that were her sister’s age. The app uses about 100 sounds and flash cards of different animals that help children learn and identify. Later， Vijay developed a similar app for children to identify and learn colours.
Anvitha’s skills won her a scholarship to attend a big tech conference in San Francisco， California. There， she got tips from the pros. She went to workshops where she learnt about the latest software for app building.
All that training led to an idea for a third app. This one called Goals Hi， which inspires kids to practise good habits. Users are rewarded for achieving goals， such as eating their vegetables or practising piano. Anvitha says the rewards are like getting a sticker for a job well done.
Anvitha’s goal is to continue creating technology that helps kids learn while having fun. But what’s even more important to her is that the world sees the power of technology in kids’ hands. “The more training we get in tech at an early age，” she says， “the better chance we have of becoming creativity champions who will one day change the world.”
( )4. How did Anvitha manage to develop her first app？
A. Her parents instructed her.
B. A young techie tutored her.
C. She hired a developer to teach her.
D. She taught herself by watching videos.
( )5. What inspired Anvitha to code her third app？
A. Her strong desire to help her little sister to learn to talk.
B. The reward that she got after developing the former apps.
C. The latest technology that she learnt on coding apps.
D. The training that she got when helping kids practise good habits.
( )6. What is Anvitha’s major purpose of continuing creating technology？
A. To help kids learn while having fun.
B. To enable kids to get training at an early age.
C. To prove children’s ability of advancing technology.
D. To help little children like her sister learn and identify.
Ⅱ. 书面表达
想象类作文
文体感知
想象类作文不仅考查学生的语言能力，而且能给学生提供更为广阔的思维空间。此类作文一般分为三部分：
第一部分，导入话题；
第二部分，表达对未来的具体畅想；
第三部分，对此畅想的展望。
【素材】
你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“未来的新型城市”的英语沙龙活动。请你根据下列要点，发挥自己的想象，用英语写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1. 新型城市产生的原因；
2. 新型城市的运作模式。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 海平面
2. 想出
3. 植被
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)我有了这样一种想法——建造海上漂浮城市来解决这些问题。
I’ve come up with the idea of constructing floating cities on the sea .
(2)漂浮城市将会坐落在人造岛上，(这些人造岛)几乎完全被植被覆盖。
The floating city will man－made islands， which will be almost entirely covered in the vegetation.
2. 句式升级
用过去分词作状语改写第1小题中的句(2)。
， the floating city will be almost entirely covered in the vegetation.
【妙笔成篇】
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.＋－ment→n.
appoint→ n.预约；约会；委任
overstate→ n.夸大；夸张
【v.＋－ment→n.扩展】
manage→ n.管理；管理人员
require→ n.要求；必要条件
advertise→ n.广告
establish→ n.确立；建立
state→ n.声明；陈述
2. v.＋－sion→n.
suspend→ n.暂缓；推迟
divide→ n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
explode→ n.爆炸；爆破
【v.＋－sion→n.扩展】
comprehend→ n.理解；理解力
conclude→ n.结论；推论
extend→ n.延长部分；伸展
persuade→ n.劝说；说服
invade→ n.入侵；侵略
3. adv.＋－wards→adv.(表方向)
back→ adv.向后；倒着；往回
fore→ adv.向前；前进
【adv.＋－wards→adv.扩展】
up→ adv.向上
down→ adv.向下
in→ adv.向里
out→ adv.向外
home→ adv.向家；向本国
east→ adv.向东
west→ adv.向西
south→ adv.向南
north→ adv.向北
4. 以后缀－ior结尾的名词或形容词：表示“人”或“比较”
superior adj.
junior adj.
【后缀－ior 扩展】
inferior adj.
interior adj.
exterior adj.
warrior n.
anterior adj.
5. 名词后缀－(i)ty： 具备某种性质或状况
integrity n.
dignity n.
【名词后缀－(i)ty扩展】
honesty n.
curiosity n.
modesty n.
timidity n.
6. take＋adv.→动词短语
take over→
take up→
【take＋adv.→动词短语拓展】
take down→
take in →
take on→
take off →
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. The band will be playing at 20 different v on their UK tour.
2. You can expect a b from your elders during the Spring Festival.
3. She had small hands with n painted bright red.
4. In addition to my (week) wage， I got a lot of tips.
5. The instructions say that you should mix f with water carefully first.
6. In a world that had suddenly become a and dangerous， he was her only security.
7. He is my immediate s and I must do the work according to his requirements.
8. Repairs involve skilled l ， which can be expensive.
9. (皮革) goods are very popular in that country.
10. The water is only a few (inch) deep.
11. Greater government intervention in businesses would represent a step b .
12. The inhabitants have to walk a mile to f water.
13. He removed his glasses and began polishing them with his h .
14. We encourage all students to work at their own p .
15. In fact， there is a (divide) of opinion among the leaders of the movement.
16. The only access to that building is along that (mud) track.
17. It is no o to say that Internet has revolutionised the way we live， work， study and play.
18. The sales of cold drinks usually fall in winter.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 一些从前人们只能在科幻小说中读到的，甚至被认为是荒谬的、无稽之谈的智能机器人，经过多次测试后，已经慢慢地出现在现实生活中了。
Some intelligent robots， which used to be only read in and even regarded as and ， have gradually appeared in our real life after being for many times.
2. 权衡利弊，如果你错了，那就承认。你不会失去尊严，反而会因为你的诚实正直而赢得尊重，否则你会一直感到愧疚。
Weighing the ， if you’re wrong， admit it. You will not lose your ， but instead， you will win respect because of your honesty and . Otherwise you’ll feel all the time.
3. 他的侄女朱莉，一名推销员，因工作失误被停职了；还有传闻她将被罚一年的薪水，甚至有被开除的可能。
His ， Julie， a ， has been because she did something wrong in her job， and there are that she will be fined one year’s or may be even .
4. 飞机猛然间摇晃起来，还快速翻转了一下。所有的灯都灭了，控制盘失灵了，飞机随时有撞上山峰爆炸的危险。有的乘客饱受头晕目眩之苦，有的由于紧张害怕都昏迷了。机长敦促大家最大限度地保持冷静，抓紧把手， 而工作人员也迅速行动起来去寻找问题。当机长宣布一切恢复正常时，机舱内爆发出一阵阵掌声。
The plane and even quickly. All the went out and the control failed. The plane was in danger of hitting the mountains and at any time. Some of the passengers suffered from dizziness and vision； some of them were due to nervousness and fear. The captain everyone to keep calm to a and the handle the staff also acted quickly to find the fault. When the captain that everything was back to normal， there were bursts of applause in the cabin.
5. 在对这家超市进行的随机抽查的30个样品中，大部分都不合格。据猜测，损失高达数万元。结果，经过精确计算后，数字是预估的两倍。
In the inspection of the supermarket， most of the 30 samples were unqualified. It was that the loss was as high as tens of thousands of yuan. It that the figure was twice than estimated after accurate .
6. 我们安排的会场和他们的有冲突， 因此我们不得不去预约另外一个体育馆。
The we arranged theirs， so we had to make an with another gymnasium.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. He (prepare) for it for months.
2. We all went to the show last night. Every boy and girl in the area (invite).
3. The new machine (test)， which sounds so noisy.
4. I like these English songs and they (teach) many times on the radio.
5. Often a storm (follow) by a calm.
6. If city noises (keep) from increasing， people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
7. I bought this radio yesterday， but it (work) now.
8. Shortly after we (seat)， a waiter came over to our table with a smile.
9. The number of the guests who (invite) to tomorrow’s wedding may reach 800.
10. The professor asked his assistant whether his report (complete) in a week.
11. I feel it is your husband who (blame) for the spoiled child.
12. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology (change) so rapidly these days.
13. You can’t move in right now. The house (paint).
14. My father (employ) at this job since 1990.
15. The price (fall) down recently， but I doubt whether it will remain so.
16. By the end of last year，another new gymnasium (complete) in Beijing.
17. By this time tomorrow， we (repair) the machine.
18. Visitors (request) not to touch the exhibits.
19. Thousands of people took part in the work when the old temple (rebuild).
20. This cloth you bought is cheap， but it (wear) well.Unit 1 Science Fiction
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. It is r idiculous to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.
2. They made an appointment (appoint) for the second day of May.
3. He had no sense of shame and never felt g uilty .
4. The customs officer asked， “ Do you have anything to d eclare ？” “Nothing.” I answered.
5. A man’s d ignity depends not upon his wealth but upon his character.
6. Some people like coffee， w hereas/while others like tea.
7. My sister was suspended (suspend) from her job shortly after the incident.
8. He was d ismissed for neglect of his duty.
9. The finished item will be sold door－to－door by village saleswomen (saleswoman).
10. In order to hang the picture， he had to hammer a n ail .
11. In the movie， Mr Bean always gets into awkward and a bsurd situations， which greatly amuses audience around the world.
12. I’ve got a wonderful new job and my s alary is twice that of my previous one.
13. When it comes to this person， we immediately think of the words “i ntegrity ” and “honesty”.
14. The firm recognised Tom’s outstanding work by giving him an extra b onus .
15. It’s important to distinguish fact from f iction .
Ⅱ. 短语填空
experiment with… test out
on a business trip more like
as a favour or rather
be rude to… turn around
be in a relationship after all
1. After all ， 15 minutes of exercise is better than nothing.
2. I had no idea that they were in a relationship and were going to get married next month.
3. This new product， or rather ， this new style of shirt， is not very attractive.
4. I’ve been on a business trip for a month. I really miss my family.
5. He’s more like a film star than a lifeguard， really.
6. The model must be tested out before you put the product on sale.
7. He wouldn’t take any money； he insisted he was doing it as a favour .
8. He turned around ， and I recognised him as a former classmate.
9. Scientists are experimenting with a new material for packaging.
10. I’m sorry for being rude to you yesterday； now I take back everything I said.
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：As she turned around， there stood Gladys Claffern.
【即学即练】
(1)最后一班火车就要开走了。
There goes the last train .
(2)下雨了，(大家)都撑起伞了。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas .
(3)现在该你了。
Now comes your turn .
(4)沿路长有高大的树。
Along the road are some tall trees .
2. 原句：Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys.
点睛：“be ＋being ＋adj.”结构常用来表达被陈述对象行为反常(暂时的特点或表现)以及说话人惊讶、不满、责备等情绪。
【即学即练】
(1)我不确定他是真的感兴趣还是只是出于礼貌而已。
I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he was being polite .
(2)你当时有意装傻。
You were being stupid at that time.
(3)我们所有人都觉得老板这次格外慷慨。
Everyone thinks that our boss is being particularly generous this time.
Ⅳ. 完形填空
The novelist’s medium is the written word. One might almost say the 1 word. Typically the novel is 2 by a silent individual reader， who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest， most portable and adaptable form of 3 entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information— 4 . The narrative can go， 5 ， anywhere： into space， people’s heads， palaces and pyramids without any consideration of cost or practical possibility.
In determining the shape and content of his narrative， the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria (标准).The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his 6 ， but if the writer 7 to meet this condition， no one would be 8 . It is not unknown for a famous novelist to deliver his or her manuscript and expect the publisher to print it 9 as written.
However， not even the most famous playwright would submit a script (剧本) and expect it to be 10 without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative， using more than one channel of communication.
The production of a stage play involves not only the 11 of the author， but also the physical presence of the actors， their voices and gestures， the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential part of both play and film， it is a 12 for following revision negotiated between the writer and other creative people involved. They’re given “approval” of the choice of a director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals (排练)， during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of screenplay， the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. So in this respect contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of 13 .
In film or television work， on the other hand， the screenplay has no contractual rights to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts， the writer is in the driver’s seat， although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way， artistic control over the project tends to pass to the 14 . This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama， who tend to give all the 15 or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors， ignoring the contribution， for good and ill， of the director.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了小说家的作品适合当作剧本，而有时候也会因为需要被改编，又或是被表演出来。其过程通常有许多人参与，而这些人也是表现形式的组成部分之一。
( D )1.A. old－fashioned B. fixed
C. presented D. printed
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：小说家使用的媒介是文学，甚至可以说是印刷文字。根据常识可知，小说通常是由作者写出，然后再由出版社印刷出来。结合选项可知，D项符合语境。
( A )2. A. consumed B. assessed
C. shared D. experienced
【解析】 考查动词。句意：通常小说由一位安静的读者独自阅读，他阅读时可能在任何地方。根据句意可知，当一位性情沉默的读者全神贯注于一部小说时，他一定是会怀着满腔的热情去追溯情节发展的。consume 有“消费；消耗”的意思，在此处指小说被读者阅读，其他选项不合语境。
( B )3. A. social B. narrative
C. favourite D. easy
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：平装小说仍然是最便宜、最便于携带和适用性最强的叙事娱乐形式。根据常识可知，小说通常都会以叙事的形式展开情节的描写，结合选项可知，B项正确。
( C )4. A. sourcing B. surfing
C. writing D. receiving
【解析】 考查名词。句意：它仅限于单一的信息通道——写作。联系语境可知，文章一直在讨论有关小说的事情，结合选项可知，C项writing意为“写作”，符合语境。
( B )5. A. aimlessly B. effortlessly
C. purposely D. vainly
【解析】 考查副词。句意：故事可以毫不费力地传播到任何地方：太空、人们的头脑中、宫殿、监狱和金字塔，而不需要考虑任何成本或实际可能性。根据空格后的 “anywhere： into space， people’s heads， palaces and pyramids” 可知，此处强调的是小说传播的任意性，结合选项可知，B项符合语境。
( A )6. A. text B. publication
C. ambition D. attitude
【解析】 考查名词。句意：他的编辑可能会建议他修改内容。联系语境并结合选项可知，此处应当指的是小说家根据要求修改其写作内容。text 有 “文本；文稿” 的意思。
( A )7. A. refused B. agreed
C. promised D. wanted
【解析】 考查动词。句意：但如果作者拒绝满足这个条件，没有人会感到惊讶。根据上文可知，编辑会要求作者修改稿件，这属于向作者提出了要求。由“but” 可推知，此处应当在语义上表示转折，故此处应指的是作者不接受这个要求，即拒绝修改内容。
( C )8. A. confused B. shocked
C. surprised D. worried
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文的 “It is not unknown for a famous novelist to deliver his or her manuscript and expect the publisher to print it 9 as written.”可知，不修改原稿直接印刷的现象不足为奇，因此此处指的是没有人会感到惊讶。
( D )9. A. simply B. eventually
C. freely D. exactly
【解析】 考查副词。句意：对于一个著名的小说家来说，交出他或她的手稿，并期望出版社完全按照原稿印刷并不陌生。由空格前的“manuscript”并结合语境可推知，小说家一定是希望原封不动地按照原稿印刷。结合选项，D项符合语境。
( A )10. A. performed B. approved
C. covered D. continued
【解析】 考查动词。句意：然而，即使是最著名的剧作家，在提交剧本时也不会指望它不需要任何修改就能直接投入演出。此处“it”指的是 script， 剧本应当是被演员表演出来的。
( B )11. A. fame B. words
C. creation D. rights
【解析】 考查名词。句意：舞台剧的制作包括作者的剧本，演员的身影、声音和手势，布景，可能还有音乐。根据常识可知，舞台剧是按照剧本表演的。结合选项，只有B项符合语境。
( A )12. A. basis B. reference
C. plan D. rule
【解析】 考查名词。句意：虽然剧本是戏剧和电影的重要组成部分，但它只是后续修改的基础，而修改需要作者和其他相关创作人员共同协商完成。联系语境可知，作者的剧本扮演着最基本的角色，在后期可能作者会根据需要修改剧本。因此，A项符合语境。
( D )13. A. actors B. directors
C. audiences D. authors
【解析】 考查名词。句意：所以在这方面，戏剧制作合同保护了作者的权利。根据空格前的内容可知，电影剧本的作者对于他作品的最终形式的控制权很少，甚至没有。那么戏剧制作合同就发挥了作用，在一定程度上保护了作者的权利。
( B )14. A. writer B. director
C. producer D. actor
【解析】 考查名词。句意：但是一旦制作过程开始，对这个项目的艺术控制权，往往会转移到导演手中。在剧本完成后，拍摄时的控制权就掌握在了导演手中，而不是作者了。因此，选项B符合语境。
( C )15. A. hope B. work
C. credit D. profit
【解析】 考查名词。由空格后的 or blame 可推知，此空格应当与其是对比关系，credit 有“荣誉；赞扬”的意思，与blame形成对比，符合语境。
Ⅴ. 课文语法填空
A household robot called Tony was to be tested 1 in Larry’s house. Though Claire， Larry’s wife， didn’t like 2 idea at the beginning， she was persuaded to let the robot accompany her 3 her husband was away on a business trip.
The robot looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth hair. Though his facial 4 (express) never changed， the robot spoke in a deep and attractive voice. At the first sight of Tony， Claire felt alarmed because he seemed 5 (much) like a human than a machine. So when Tony offered to help her dress， Claire felt more than 6 (embarrass).
However， Tony gradually won Claire’s trust. He took good care of Claire and even managed to rescue her when she fell off the ladder. He also helped Claire realise her dreams by 7 (make) her home elegant， giving her a new haircut and changing her makeup. Therefore， at the party all the guests who 8 (invite) were filled with admiration when they saw her house was 9 (complete) changed. Claire felt satisfied and recovered her confidence. And Tony said he was so attached 10 her that he hated to leave her.
1. out
【解析】 考查副词。句意：一个叫Tony的家庭机器人将要在Larry的家里进行测试。test out 为固定短语，意为“测试”。
2. the
【解析】 考查冠词。句意：虽然Larry的妻子Claire一开始不喜欢这个主意，但她还是被说服在她丈夫出差期间让这个机器人陪伴她。根据语境可知，这个主意是Claire和Larry都知道的，表示特指，应使用定冠词the。
3. when/while
【解析】 考查连词。句意同上题。此处表示“当她的丈夫外出出差时”。表示“当……时”，可以用when 或while。
4. expression
【解析】 考查名词。句意：虽然他的面部表情从未改变，但这个机器人说话的声音低沉而迷人。分析句子结构可知，该空格作主语成分，所以需要填名词形式。
5. more
【解析】 考查比较级。句意：Claire第一次看到Tony就感到惊慌，因为它看起来更像是人类而不是机器。根据空格后的than判断，该空格应填比较级形式。more like 意为“更像是”。
6. embarrassed
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：所以当Tony主动帮她穿衣时，Claire感到非常尴尬。系动词felt后接形容词作表语，形容人的内心感受。
7. making
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。介词by后面接动名词作宾语，表示“通过做某事”。
8. were/had been invited
【解析】 考查时态和语态。句意：因此，在宴会上，所有被邀请的客人看到她的房子被彻底改变时都充满了羡慕之情。根据句意可知， 此处应该用被动语态，表示“被邀请”；且此处讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。客人“被邀请”这个动作发生在他们参加宴会前，故也可用过去完成时。
9. completely
【解析】 考查副词。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，此处需要修饰changed， 应该用副词形式。
10. to
【解析】 考查介词。句意：Tony说他非常喜欢她，以至于他不愿意离开她。be attached to为固定搭配，表示“喜欢……；依恋……”。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. When I first went to New York， it all felt very a lien to me.
2. If a person is missing for seven years， he is presumed (presume) dead.
3. The child has a weekly (week) allowance of five dollars.
4. He outsells all other salesmen (salesman) for the company.
5. There are five hundred grammes (gramme) of sugar in the box.
6. He added the remaining f lour to make a soft dough.
7. My friend offered to pay my plane f are ， which was very generous of him.
8. The scientist couldn’t c alculate when the spaceship would reach the Jupiter.
9. There are all sorts of rumours (rumour) in the air that dozens of people were dead in the fire.
10. His friend， the violinist， sent us the promised free tickets， with an information leaflet on the v enue . It was forty minutes’ drive away.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——复习被动语态
1. 单句语法填空
(1)Different types of teas were tasted (taste) by skilled tea－tasters before appearing in the Tea Trade Centre.
(2)A snow is expected (expect) to come next week.
(3)The water felt (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
(4)This is one of the highest buildings that have been built (build) in our city recently.
(5)It’s great that all the visitors who had been trapped (trap) on the island were saved.
(6)They haven’t moved into the new house because it is being decorated (decorate) now.
(7)I want to buy that kind of cloth because I have been told the cloth washes (wash) well.
(8)The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came (come) out in the 18th century.
(9)Please wear your best clothes on Monday， as your class photos will be taken (take) then.
(10)English has changed (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)他正沉浸在故事中，忽然被一阵巨响吓到了。
He was absorbed in the story when he was frightened by a loud noise.
(2)这件外衣是棉质的。
The coat is made of cotton.
(3)工人们那时被迫每天工作12小时。
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day then.
(4)作业应该按时上交。
Our homework should be handed in on time.
(5)女孩赶到火车站，却发现客人已经被接走了。
The girl hurried to the railway station， only to find the guests had been picked up .
(6)据报道，这次事故中大约有三百人丧生。
It’s said that about three hundred people were killed in this accident.
(7)那山顶常年积雪。
The mountain is covered with snow all round the year.
(8)父亲给他买了一辆车作为生日礼物。
A car was bought for him by his father as his birthday present.
(9)校运会将在下周三下午举行。
The school sports meeting will be held next Wednesday afternoon.
(10)那座桥在两年前就已被工人们建成了。
The bridge has been built by the workers since two years ago.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Trees have always held much attraction for people. They are the 1 and biggest life forms on our planet and one of the most beautiful. As a direct 2 with thousands of years of history， trees appear in many religions and have 3 artists over the years.
When I was a child I 4 a science fiction story that made me think about trees in a new way. In the story， visitors from an advanced civilisation come to our planet and their spaceship 5 in the middle of a forest. The aliens have a long 6 with the trees of the forest and then leave， 7 to think that the inhabitants of Earth are noble， intelligent and peaceful.
Trees know a lot about being part of a community and how cooperation is better for a society than 8 . Scientists are only just beginning to understand how it all 9 ， but we now know that trees growing together share all of the available resources with each other. So， strong trees in a good 10 will share food and water with weaker trees that receive less sunlight. By 11 ， a community of trees makes itself stronger. The 12 of giant redwood trees， for example， grow together under the ground. It’s as if they are holding hands. This means that they are 13 stronger when there are heavy winds or floods.
We all acknowledge that trees are 14 for the environment and the survival of our planet. Perhaps they have even more to 15 us in the future.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了树木的重要意义。树木懂得合作，它们通过合作，使自己变得更强大。
( B )1. A. kindest B. oldest
C. heaviest D. fittest
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：它们是地球上最古老、最宏大的生命形式，也是最美丽的生命形式之一。联系常识可知，树木自古就有，因此它们应当是“最古老”的生命形式。
( A )2. A. link B. league
C. culture D. agreement
【解析】 考查名词。句意：作为与数千年历史的直接联系，树木出现在许多宗教中，多年来一直启发着艺术家。根据后文内容可知，树木与历史中的宗教、艺术息息相关，扮演了重要的角色，即与历史本身是有密切联系的。综合选项可知，A 项符合语境。
( C )3. A. governed B. sponsored
C. inspired D. tricked
【解析】 考查动词。句意同上题。根据句意并结合常理可推知，长期以来，树木以一种无声的方式“启发”着艺术家的心灵。结合选项可知，只有C项符合语境。
( B )4. A. took in B. came across
C. set aside D. kept up
【解析】 考查动词短语。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我曾偶然读到过一个科幻故事，它让我以一种新的方式思考树木。根据空格后的 “a science fiction story”可知，此处指的是作者偶然间读到了一篇科普故事。come across意为“偶然遇到；偶然发现”，只有B项符合语境。
( A )5. A. lands B. drops
C. flies D. shoots
【解析】 考查动词。句意：故事中，来自先进文明的游客来到我们的星球，他们的宇宙飞船降落在森林中央。根据常识可知，当外星人来到地球之后，他们的宇宙飞船自然是“着陆”在森林的。
( D )6. A. translation B. word
C. cooperation D. conversation
【解析】 考查名词。句意：外星人与森林中的树木进行了长时间的交谈，然后离开了，他们很高兴地认为地球上的居民是高贵的、聪明的、爱好和平的。根据空格后的 “to think that the inhabitants of Earth are noble， intelligent and peaceful” 可推知，在和森林里的树木交谈过后，外星人才能了解人类的特点。综合选项可知，D项符合语境。
( B )7. A. curious B. happy
C. desperate D. grateful
【解析】 考查形容词。句意同上题。根据空格后内容 “inhabitants of Earth are noble， intelligent and peaceful”可知，在得知地球上的人类有这么多优秀品质后，来参观的外星人一定会很开心。
( C )8. A. regulations B. management
C. competition D. construction
【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的 “that trees growing together share all of the available resources with each other” 可知，树木懂得合作，与合作对应的是竞争。
( D )9. A. learns B. ends
C. grows D. works
【解析】 考查动词。根据下文 “but we now know that trees growing together share all of the available resources with each other”可知，现在我们才知道共同生长的树木彼此分享所有可用的资源，其中but 表示转折，因此可推断出，科学家们刚刚才开始了解这一切的运作规律。
( A )10. A. position B. manner
C. rank D. model
【解析】 考查名词。句意：所以，生长位置优良的强壮的树木会分享食物和水给那些接受较少阳光的树木。根据常识可知，树木只有生长在优良的位置，才会长得强壮。
( D )11. A. pulling back B. bringing up
C. fighting back D. teaming up
【解析】 考查动词短语。句意：通过合作，一个树木群落使自己变得更强大。上文提到，树木无论强壮与否，都共享资源。它们通过“合作”使其部落变得更加强大。选项D teaming up表示“合作”，符合语境。
( D )12. A. branches B. fruits
C. leaves D. roots
【解析】 考查名词。句意：例如，巨大的红杉树的根在地下一起生长。根据下文的 “under the ground”可推断出，此处指的是树根在地下一起生长。
( B )13. A. nearly B. really
C. only D. merely
【解析】 考查副词。句意：这意味着当遇到大风或洪水时，它们其实会变得更强。根据下文的 “when there are heavy winds or floods”可知，当遇到例如大风或洪水这样的恶劣情况时，互相交叉的树根不容易受到伤害，即它们其实会变得更加强壮。
( C )14. A. popular B. suitable
C. vital D. normal
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：我们都承认树木对环境和我们这个星球的生存至关重要。根据常识可知，地球的生存离不开树木，因此，只有C项符合语境。
( A )15. A. offer B. take
C. pay D. study
【解析】 考查动词。句意：也许它们将来会为我们提供更多的东西。根据上文可知，森林对于人们赖以生存的环境和地球来说都至关重要，原因就在于它们能够为我们提供很多。那么，在未来，或许它们可以给我们提供更多的东西。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
When a dog loses a leg， the animal eventually figures out the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time， the dog learns to deal with its physical disability.
Now， scientists have developed robots that behave in much the same way. We can find robots everywhere. They can build cars， play chess and clean your house. They may someday drive your car， too. Two robots， named Spirit and Opportunity， were sent to Mars on a mission to explore the red planet.
Jeff Clune， a computer scientist at the University of Wyoming， says robots also help people in natural disasters. Robots are applied in search and rescue operations following an earthquake. They may someday also be used to examine the ruins of a nuclear accident， like the one in Fukushima， Japan.
Mr Clune says， “Robots can be sent to a lot of places said to be unsafe. The problem is that all of those types of situations and environment are extremely unpredictable and dangerous. And it is very likely that robots and humans in those situations become damaged.” He and other scientists are developing technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. They want the machines to have the ability to make changes and continue performing until they can be repaired.
Mr Clune and researchers in France have added one more operation to the skill set of robots working under difficult conditions. They programmed a hexapod robot， one with six legs， and a robotic arm to learn how to deal with injury. Once the robots become damaged， they use their intuition and knowledge of how their body works to find a way to deal with the damage.
The robots are also programmed with childlike curiosity. In other words， they are always asking questions and looking for answers. The whole process takes about a minute for the robots to find a way to overcome damage.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家正在研制不同类型的机器人，来帮助人们执行人类不可能完成或者对人类来说很危险的任务。机器人在执行任务时，可以学习如何处理自己受伤。
( B )1. In Paragraph 1， the writer mentions dogs to .
A. describe a scene
B. introduce a topic
C. offer an argument
D. make a comparison
【解析】 推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了当狗失去一条腿时，它最终会想出用三条腿行走的最佳方法。在很短的时间内，狗学会了处理它的身体残疾。通过第二段第一句话“Now， scientists have developed robots that behave in much the same way.”可知，文章第一段用狗的故事引出文章主题。
( C )2. What is special about the robots being developed by Mr Clune and other scientists？
A. They help people drive cars.
B. They detect unpredictable dangers.
C. They go on performing tasks despite injury.
D. They check the ruins of a nuclear accident.
【解析】 细节理解题。通过文章第四段“He and other scientists are developing technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury.” 说明Mr Clune和其他科学家正在研制的机器人很特别，尽管机器人受伤，他们仍继续执行任务。故选C。
( A )3. What does the underlined part “one more operation” refer to？
A. Coping with the damage.
B. Arousing childlike curiosity.
C. Programming a robot with six legs.
D. Using the intuition and knowledge.
【解析】 推理判断题。通过画线词后文“They programmed a hexapod robot， one with … and knowledge of how their body works to find a way to deal with the damage.”可知，Mr Clune和法国的研究人员为在困难条件下工作的机器人增加了处理损伤的功能。所以下划线的部分“一个新操作”指的是处理损伤。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Could you f etch the apples that I bought from the supermarket？
2. The river forms the division (divide) between the old and new parts of the city.
3. The atomic explosion (explode) is always accompanied by huge fireball.
4. After the rain， the roads were covered in m ud ， which made us so slow that we didn’t arrive on time.
5. The child turned the volume up to the m aximum ， which made other passengers bothered and annoyed.
6. The magician picked several people at r andom from the audience and asked them to help with his performance.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
superior to take over
conflict with turn out
fall away have an urge to
1. The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.
2. These results conflict with earlier findings， which encourages them to do further researches.
3. The whole town turned out to see the wonderful circus yesterday.
4. After his defeat， many of his supporters fell away .
5. He took over the editing of the magazine three weeks ago.
6. It cannot be questioned that the new solution is superior to the old one.
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：Night came as if a lamp was being turned out， and in another moment came the day.
【即学即练】
(1)Everything in my childhood crowded into my mind as if they had happened (happen) just now.
(2)他张开嘴好像要说些什么。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something/as if to say something .
2. 原句：It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
【即学即练】
(1)是老师的褒奖促成了我的成功。
It is the teacher’s praise that contributes to my success.
(2)你是什么时候下定决心要当一名志愿者老师的？
When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher？
3. 原句：So long as I travelled at maximum speed， it didn’t matter.
【即学即练】
只要虚心，就会进步。
(1) Provided/Providing you are modest， you’ll surely make progress. (provide)
(2) As long as/So long as/On condition that you are modest， you’ll surely make progress.
(3) If only you are modest， you’ll surely make progress.(使用only 短语)
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank， and of having nothing to do； once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading， but it had no pictures or conversations in it. “What is the use of the book，” thought Alice， “without pictures and conversations？”
So she was considering in her own mind whether the pleasure of making a daisy chain (雏菊花环) would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies， when suddenly a white rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.
There was nothing so very remarkable in that； but when the rabbit actually took a watch out of its waistcoat－pocket， and looked at it， and then hurried on， Alice started to her feet， for it flashed across her mind that she had never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat pocket， or a watch to take out of it. Burning with curiosity， she ran across the field after it， and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large rabbit hole under the bush.
The rabbit hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way， and then dipped suddenly down， so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep well.
Down， down， down. Would the fall never come to an end？ “I wonder how many miles I’ve fallen by this time？” she said aloud. “I must be getting somewhere near the centre of the earth.
Let me see： that would be four thousand miles down， I think. I wonder if I shall fall right through the earth！ How funny it’ll seem to come out among the people that walk with their heads downward！ The antipathies， I think—but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country is， you know. ‘Please， Ma’am， is this New Zealand or Australia？’ And what an ignorant little girl she’ll think me for asking！ No， it’ll never do to ask.”
Down， down， down. There was nothing else to do， when suddenly， thump！ Thump！
Down she came upon a heap of sticks and dry leaves， and the fall was over.
语篇解读：本文是一篇童话故事。全文讲述的是爱丽丝(Alice)跟随一只会看怀表的兔子进入洞穴的故事。
( D )1. What kind of books do you think will interest Alice most？
A. Books that her sister read.
B. Books without pictures or conversations.
C. Books about white rabbits.
D. Books with pictures and conversations.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘What is the use of the book，’ thought Alice， ‘without pictures and conversations？’” 可知，爱丽丝喜欢有图画和对话的书。
( A )2. Which is the right order of the story？
a. Alice jumped into a large hole.
b. A white rabbit ran close by her.
c. Alice sat by her sister， doing nothing.
d. She fell upon some sticks and dry leaves.
A. c—b—a—d B. d—a—c—b
C. a—b—c—d D. d—c—a—b
【解析】 细节理解题。文章就是按照故事发展的先后顺序展开的，爱丽丝先是和姐姐一起看书，然后看见兔子并跟着兔子进入洞里，最后掉到一堆干叶子上。
( B )3. From the passage， we can see Alice is a(n) girl.
A. helpful and friendly
B. curious and imaginative
C. brave and curious
D. ignorant and pretty
【解析】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中的“Burning with curiosity”及第五段中爱丽丝的想象可知，B项正确。
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
Fiction books tend to be much more popular than self－improvement books. Fiction books are designed and written in such a way as inspires you to continue reading them. On the other hand， non－fiction books in the self－improvement field are intended to help you settle a problem or reach a specific goal. In most cases， these types of books aren’t written in the form of stories. 1 Self－improvement books can open up all kinds of future chances for you. You’ll learn new things， be inspired， and develop a deep love for practical knowledge and wisdom. 2 You’ll be able to use the ideas and advice that you learn in your daily life. And once you do this， you’ll be likely to get positive results.
3 The secret is to understand your present situation and to have a clear vision of what you hope to achieve in the future. The ideal self－improvement book will be one that fits your present needs. 4 In this way， you can identify all the problems you’re facing. Once you’ve recognised a problem， try to figure out the cause behind it. Then keep the problem and the cause in mind when you come to choose a book.
A keyword search of an online bookseller’s listing will usually throw up dozens or even hundreds of results. 5 For example， you can read the foreword， look at comments and consider whether the book can give you the answers you need. The whole process may take you some time but it’ll be worth it.
A. And what’s the most exciting thing？
B. They read specifically for self－improvement and success.
C. So you need to take a good look at yourself and your life.
D. Then， how can we choose a right self－improvement book？
E. This leads many people to believe the books are boring to read.
F. After picking the book， keep your desired answer in mind as you read.
G. However， there are many things you can do to narrow these results down.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是励志书，以及如何选择适合自己的励志书。
1. E
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格前的 “these types of books aren’t written in the form of stories” 可知，这些类型的书都不是以故事形式写的。该空格应当是讲其后果是什么。E项“这导致很多人认为这些书读起来很无聊”与上文承接自然。选项中的this 就是指上文说明的事情。
2. A
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据该空格前的内容可知，励志书籍可以为你开启各种未来的机会。你将学习新事物，获得启发并对实践知识和智慧产生浓厚的兴趣。空格前作者列举了阅读励志性书籍的好处，那么空格处作者应当继续阐述具体好处。A项符合语境。
3. D
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格后的 “The ideal self－improvement book will be one that fits your present needs.” 可知，作者对于理想的励志性书籍给出了自己的观点。那么，该空格应当告诉读者如何选择合适的励志书籍。D项承接下文，符合语境。
4. C
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格后内容 “In this way， you can identify all the problems you’re facing.” 可推知，该空格应当讲认清所有面临的问题的方法。C项“因此你需要审视一下你自己和你的生活”承接下文，符合语境。
5. G
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格前一句可知，在线书店列表的关键字搜索通常会产生数十甚至数百个结果。那么该空格应当讲述的是如何应对这种情况。G项“你可以做很多事情来缩小这些结果的范围”承接上文，符合语境。
Ⅵ. 语法填空
If a little human-like robot begged you not to shut it off， would you show sympathy？
In an experiment 1 (intend) to find out how people treat robots when they act like humans， many participants struggled to power down a begging robot named Nao. 2 experiment was conducted by researchers in Germany， whose findings 3 (publish) in the scientific journal PLOS ONE.
The robot Nao， 4 was designed to beg about half of the participants not to switch it off but not the other half， was used 5 (measure) if his begging affected how people reacted.
In one previous experiment， researchers found that people preferred communicating with robots with complementary (互补的) personality characteristics to their own. And since robots can exhibit social characteristics either 6 (speak) with human voices or taking the shape of a human body， the research 7 (suggest) that people tend to react “ 8 (especial) social to them”.
The researchers said a possible 9 (explain) for their results was that people regarded Nao’s begging 10 “a sign of making its own decision”.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了名为Nao的乞讨机器人，并讲述了科学家针对Nao机器人做出乞讨行为对人类反应的影响进行的实验。
1. intended
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在一项旨在发现当机器人表现得像人一样时，人们是如何对待它们的实验中，许多参与者试图关掉一个名叫Nao的乞讨机器人的电源。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词；experiment与intend构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语；be intended to…表示“旨在……”。
2. The
【解析】 考查冠词。句意：这项实验是由德国的研究人员进行的，他们的研究结果发表在科学杂志《公共科学图书馆·综合》上。根据语境可知，此处特指上文提到的实验，应使用定冠词the，且此处位于句首，首字母应大写。
3. were published
【解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上题。根据主句中的was conducted可知，此处时态应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情；复数名词findings与publish构成被动关系，因此要用被动语态。
4. which
【解析】 考查定语从句引导词。句意：机器人Nao被设计用来请求大约一半的参与者不要关掉它，而对另一半参与者不这样做，该行为被用来衡量它的请求是否会影响人们的反应。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the robot，指物，关系词在从句中做主语，用关系代词which。
5. to measure
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词；be used to do sth表示“被用来做某事”，动词不定式作目的状语。
6. speaking
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于机器人可以表现出社交特征，要么用人类的声音说话，要么模仿人类的身体形状，研究表明，人们倾向于对它们做出“特别社交性的反应”。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词；either…or…句型连接相似的结构。根据空格后的 “taking the shape ”可知，此处也应当用现在分词形式。
7. suggests
【解析】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上题。根据语境可知，此处应用一般现在时陈述客观事实；主语 “the research”，为单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。此处suggests表示“表明；暗示”。
8. especially
【解析】 考查副词。句意同第六题。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用副词修饰形容词social。
9. explanation
【解析】 考查名词。句意：研究人员说，对他们的结果的一个可能的解释是，人们认为Nao的乞求是“一种自己做决定的信号”。根据不定冠词a以及形容词possible可知，此处应用名词的单数形式。
10. as
【解析】 考查介词。句意同上题。regard…as…为固定短语，表示“把……视作……”。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Kanda really doesn’t like to walk alone. The scientist from a research institute of intelligent robots finds the experience so boring that he’d rather drive—even though he lives close to his lab and knows that walking is healthy. “I enjoy walking with someone， like with my wife， with my daughter，” Kanda said. “But they are not always available.”
So Kanda， who specialises in human－like robots， developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings， which， he hopes， might motivate people to get out and exercise more. The robot rests on a person’s shoulder like a boxy parrot. It weighs about a pound and a half and sits roughly 8.5 inches high， 3.5 inches wide， and 10 inches long. A microphone， a speaker， and an internal camera allow it to communicate. It’s even equipped with a smile.
Kanda and his team collected video from five different locations， including a garden and a shopping mall， and created a data set of small talk topics related to each location. Then they programmed the robot to associate visual cues with specific topics. A special speech software provided the robot with a voice. Near a group of parked cars， for example， it might say， “In a big parking lot sometimes I forget where I parked.”
They tested the robot on 15 volunteers， 10 males and 5 females， who were paid and averaged about 26 years old. “Have you ever blown a puff of dandelion (蒲公英) seeds into the air？” The robot asked a participant who smiled and responded， “Yes， I often did that when I was a child.” Although several participants noted the robot’s weight， Kanda was surprised that no one considered the experience strange or funny. “I guess people enjoy new technologies，” he said.
Just like a human partner， Kanda’s robot isn’t perfect. It’s not able to go for walks in heavy rain and， while the robot can make expressions， it can’t really hold a conversation， about which Kanda is most worried. Despite its limits， Kanda was comforted by the robot’s presence. “I felt a kind of sense of being with someone，” he said， “particularly when it spoke.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了科学家Kanda因不喜欢自己一个人走路，需要有人陪伴而产生灵感，发明了可以陪人走路的机器人。这个机器人还可以根据不同的场合说出不同的句子，让人有种被陪伴的感觉。
( A )1. What characteristic does the robot have？
A. It can “speak” and “see”.
B. It can walk just like a human being.
C. It can communicate with people freely.
D. It is much more humorous than a real person.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A microphone， a speaker， and an internal camera allow it to communicate.”以及第三段“A special speech software provided the robot with a voice.”可知，这个机器人可以“说话”，也可以“看”。
( D )2. What is necessary for the robot to function？
A.A small size.
B. A boxy shape.
C. A human partner.
D. A speech software.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘I felt a kind of sense of being with someone，’ he said， ‘particularly when it spoke.’” 可知，当机器人说话的时候最能让人有陪伴感，所以它的声音系统是必不可少的。
( B )3. What is Kanda most likely to do about his robot next？
A. To make it more convenient to carry.
B. To improve its conversational skills.
C. To enable it to walk in heavy rain.
D. To better its sound system.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “while the robot can make expressions， it can’t really hold a conversation， about which Kanda is most worried”可知，不能进行对话是Kanda最担心的事情，所以他接下来会改进这一方面。
B
Indian－origin Anvitha Vijay has given a new meaning to the phrase “age is just a number”； she has proved that achievements and knowledge follow passion and not just age and experience.
Vijay， who lives with her parents in Melbourne， Australia， at the age of seven realised that her piggy bank did not have enough money to hire a developer to make her an app， so she decided to teach herself how to code. With the help of the videos on the Internet， the young techie learnt to code. For one entire year， she watched multiple coding tutorials on the web and became a programmer herself.
Vijay’s inspiration for developing the apps was her little sister， who was still learning to talk. Therefore， Vijay developed an educational app for children that were her sister’s age. The app uses about 100 sounds and flash cards of different animals that help children learn and identify. Later， Vijay developed a similar app for children to identify and learn colours.
Anvitha’s skills won her a scholarship to attend a big tech conference in San Francisco， California. There， she got tips from the pros. She went to workshops where she learnt about the latest software for app building.
All that training led to an idea for a third app. This one called Goals Hi， which inspires kids to practise good habits. Users are rewarded for achieving goals， such as eating their vegetables or practising piano. Anvitha says the rewards are like getting a sticker for a job well done.
Anvitha’s goal is to continue creating technology that helps kids learn while having fun. But what’s even more important to her is that the world sees the power of technology in kids’ hands. “The more training we get in tech at an early age，” she says， “the better chance we have of becoming creativity champions who will one day change the world.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位印度裔的女孩Anvitha Vijay自学编程的故事。Vijay在很小的时候就开发了一款帮助妹妹学习的应用程序，她还开发了另外两种应用程序。她继续创造技术的目的是证明儿童推动技术进步的能力。
( D )4. How did Anvitha manage to develop her first app？
A. Her parents instructed her.
B. A young techie tutored her.
C. She hired a developer to teach her.
D. She taught herself by watching videos.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中内容可知，Vijay七岁时，她意识到自己的存钱罐里没有足够的钱雇一个开发人员为她开发应用程序，所以她决定自学编程。在网络视频的帮助下，这位年轻的技术人员学会了编程。由此可知，Anvitha是通过观看视频自学开发出她的第一个应用程序的。
( C )5. What inspired Anvitha to code her third app？
A. Her strong desire to help her little sister to learn to talk.
B. The reward that she got after developing the former apps.
C. The latest technology that she learnt on coding apps.
D. The training that she got when helping kids practise good habits.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，Anvitha的技能为她赢得了加州旧金山举办的大型科技会议的奖学金。在那里，她从专业人士那得到了建议，参加了研讨会，了解了最新的应用程序开发软件。根据第五段中 “All that training led to an idea for a third app.”可知，Anvitha学到的关于编写应用程序的最新技术，激发了她编写她的第三个应用程序的兴趣。
( C )6. What is Anvitha’s major purpose of continuing creating technology？
A. To help kids learn while having fun.
B. To enable kids to get training at an early age.
C. To prove children’s ability of advancing technology.
D. To help little children like her sister learn and identify.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “But what’s even more important to her is that the world sees the power of technology in kids’ hands…becoming creativity champions who will one day change the world.”可知，对她来说更重要的是，这个世界看到了孩子们手中科技的力量。她表示：“我们在早年接受的科技培训越多，我们就越有可能成为创意冠军，有朝一日我们将改变世界。”由此可推知，Anvitha继续创造技术的主要目的是证明孩子拥有令技术进步的能力。
Ⅱ. 书面表达
想象类作文
文体感知
想象类作文不仅考查学生的语言能力，而且能给学生提供更为广阔的思维空间。此类作文一般分为三部分：
第一部分，导入话题；
第二部分，表达对未来的具体畅想；
第三部分，对此畅想的展望。
【素材】
你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“未来的新型城市”的英语沙龙活动。请你根据下列要点，发挥自己的想象，用英语写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1. 新型城市产生的原因；
2. 新型城市的运作模式。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 应用文(发言稿)
话题 未来的新型城市
时态 以一般将来时为主
人称 以第一人称为主
【词汇】
1. 海平面 sea level
2. 想出 come up with
3. 植被 vegetation
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)我有了这样一种想法——建造海上漂浮城市来解决这些问题。
I’ve come up with the idea of constructing floating cities on the sea to solve these problems .
(2)漂浮城市将会坐落在人造岛上，(这些人造岛)几乎完全被植被覆盖。
The floating city will be located on man－made islands， which will be almost entirely covered in the vegetation.
2. 句式升级
用过去分词作状语改写第1小题中的句(2)。
Located on man－made islands ， the floating city will be almost entirely covered in the vegetation.
【妙笔成篇】
Good morning， everyone. I’m glad to share my view on “the new city in the future”.
With the rising sea levels caused by global warming and the exploding population， our land is becoming more and more crowded. Therefore， I’ve come up with the idea of constructing floating cities on the sea to solve the problems.
Located on man－made islands， the floating city will be almost entirely covered in the vegetation. A huge tower at the city centre will act both as workplace and housing for its citizens. What’s more， not only will the city use solar， wind， and wave power to keep it functioning but also use its large gardens to supply food.
I believe it will come true with the development of science and technology.
Thank you！
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.＋－ment→n.
appoint→ appointment n.预约；约会；委任
overstate→ overstatement n.夸大；夸张
【v.＋－ment→n.扩展】
manage→ management n.管理；管理人员
require→ requirement n.要求；必要条件
advertise→ advertisement n.广告
establish→ establishment n.确立；建立
state→ statement n.声明；陈述
2. v.＋－sion→n.
suspend→ suspension n.暂缓；推迟
divide→ division n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
explode→ explosion n.爆炸；爆破
【v.＋－sion→n.扩展】
comprehend→ comprehension n.理解；理解力
conclude→ conclusion n.结论；推论
extend→ extension n.延长部分；伸展
persuade→ persuasion n.劝说；说服
invade→ invasion n.入侵；侵略
3. adv.＋－wards→adv.(表方向)
back→ backwards adv.向后；倒着；往回
fore→ forwards adv.向前；前进
【adv.＋－wards→adv.扩展】
up→ upwards adv.向上
down→ downwards adv.向下
in→ inwards adv.向里
out→ outwards adv.向外
home→ homewards adv.向家；向本国
east→ eastwards adv.向东
west→ westwards adv.向西
south→ southwards adv.向南
north→ northwards adv.向北
4. 以后缀－ior结尾的名词或形容词：表示“人”或“比较”
superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
junior adj. 地位(或职位、级别)低下的；青少年的；初级的
【后缀－ior 扩展】
inferior adj. 较差的；次的；下等的；下级的
interior adj. 内部的
exterior adj. 外部的
warrior n. 勇士；战士
anterior adj. 较前的；先前的
5. 名词后缀－(i)ty： 具备某种性质或状况
integrity n. 诚实正直；完整；完好
dignity n. 庄重；庄严；尊严
【名词后缀－(i)ty扩展】
honesty n. 诚实；老实
curiosity n. 好奇
modesty n. 谦虚
timidity n. 胆怯
6. take＋adv.→动词短语
take over→ 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take up→ 开始从事；占用；占领
【take＋adv.→动词短语拓展】
take down→ 记录； 记下
take in → 收容；欺骗；使上当；理解
take on→ 承担；呈现
take off → (飞机)起飞； 突然成功； 拿掉；脱掉(衣物)
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. The band will be playing at 20 different v enues on their UK tour.
2. You can expect a b onus from your elders during the Spring Festival.
3. She had small hands with n ails painted bright red.
4. In addition to my weekly (week) wage， I got a lot of tips.
5. The instructions say that you should mix f lour with water carefully first.
6. In a world that had suddenly become a lien and dangerous， he was her only security.
7. He is my immediate s uperior and I must do the work according to his requirements.
8. Repairs involve skilled l abour ， which can be expensive.
9. Leather (皮革) goods are very popular in that country.
10. The water is only a few inches (inch) deep.
11. Greater government intervention in businesses would represent a step b ackwards .
12. The inhabitants have to walk a mile to f etch water.
13. He removed his glasses and began polishing them with his h andkerchief .
14. We encourage all students to work at their own p ace .
15. In fact， there is a division (divide) of opinion among the leaders of the movement.
16. The only access to that building is along that muddy (mud) track.
17. It is no o verstatement to say that Internet has revolutionised the way we live， work， study and play.
18. The sales of cold drinks usually fall away in winter.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 一些从前人们只能在科幻小说中读到的，甚至被认为是荒谬的、无稽之谈的智能机器人，经过多次测试后，已经慢慢地出现在现实生活中了。
Some intelligent robots， which used to be only read in science fiction and even regarded as absurd and ridiculous ， have gradually appeared in our real life after being tested out for many times.
2. 权衡利弊，如果你错了，那就承认。你不会失去尊严，反而会因为你的诚实正直而赢得尊重，否则你会一直感到愧疚。
Weighing the pros and cons ， if you’re wrong， admit it. You will not lose your dignity ， but instead， you will win respect because of your honesty and integrity . Otherwise you’ll feel guilty all the time.
3. 他的侄女朱莉，一名推销员，因工作失误被停职了；还有传闻她将被罚一年的薪水，甚至有被开除的可能。
His niece ， Julie， a saleswoman ， has been suspended because she did something wrong in her job， and there are rumours that she will be fined one year’s salary or may be even dismissed .
4. 飞机猛然间摇晃起来，还快速翻转了一下。所有的灯都灭了，控制盘失灵了，飞机随时有撞上山峰爆炸的危险。有的乘客饱受头晕目眩之苦，有的由于紧张害怕都昏迷了。机长敦促大家最大限度地保持冷静，抓紧把手， 而工作人员也迅速行动起来去寻找问题。当机长宣布一切恢复正常时，机舱内爆发出一阵阵掌声。
The plane jolted and even flipped quickly. All the lamps went out and the control panel failed. The plane was in danger of hitting the mountains and exploding at any time. Some of the passengers suffered from dizziness and blurred vision； some of them were stunned due to nervousness and fear. The captain urged everyone to keep calm to a maximum and grip the handle whereas the staff also acted quickly to find the fault. When the captain declared that everything was back to normal， there were bursts of applause in the cabin.
5. 在对这家超市进行的随机抽查的30个样品中，大部分都不合格。据猜测，损失高达数万元。结果，经过精确计算后，数字是预估的两倍。
In the random inspection of the supermarket， most of the 30 samples were unqualified. It was presumed that the loss was as high as tens of thousands of yuan. It turned out that the figure was twice than estimated after accurate calculation .
6. 我们安排的会场和他们的有冲突， 因此我们不得不去预约另外一个体育馆。
The venue we arranged conflicted with theirs， so we had to make an appointment with another gymnasium.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. He has been preparing (prepare) for it for months.
2. We all went to the show last night. Every boy and girl in the area was/had been invited (invite).
3. The new machine is being tested (test)， which sounds so noisy.
4. I like these English songs and they have been taught (teach) many times on the radio.
5. Often a storm is followed (follow) by a calm.
6. If city noises are not kept (keep) from increasing， people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
7. I bought this radio yesterday， but it doesn’t work (work) now.
8. Shortly after we were seated (seat)， a waiter came over to our table with a smile.
9. The number of the guests who will be invited (invite) to tomorrow’s wedding may reach 800.
10. The professor asked his assistant whether his report would be completed (complete) in a week.
11. I feel it is your husband who is to blame (blame) for the spoiled child.
12. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing (change) so rapidly these days.
13. You can’t move in right now. The house is being painted (paint).
14. My father has been employed (employ) at this job since 1990.
15. The price has fallen (fall) down recently， but I doubt whether it will remain so.
16. By the end of last year，another new gymnasium had been completed (complete) in Beijing.
17. By this time tomorrow， we will/shall have repaired (repair) the machine.
18. Visitors are requested (request) not to touch the exhibits.
19. Thousands of people took part in the work when the old temple was being rebuilt (rebuild).
20. This cloth you bought is cheap， but it wears (wear) well.
