Unit 2 Iconic Attractions
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He laid the (found) of his success by study and hard work.
2. Henry was forced to leave his motherland for (politics) reasons.
3. The house is (locate) next to the river.
4. Bamboo is light because it is h .
5. I must insist on your giving me a s answer， and don’t beat around the bush.
6. The e is an imaginary line， which divides the earth into northern and southern parts equally.
7. In order to achieve this goal， we will strengthen our cooperation and make j efforts.
8. The h tastes bitter， but it is especially effective for your disease.
9. The kangaroo is native Australia.
10. She shows a very positive attitude her work.
11. Canadians often have b in summer， which means cooking meat and other food on a metal grill over an open fire， usually outside.
12. The b serves us with fresh bread daily and the shopkeeper is very friendly.
13. He b the pig with a small sharp knife and then took the meat to the market.
14. P of Canada announced new policies to support small－sized enterprises during the economic recovery.
15. Even at full speed， the ship’s engines cause very little (vibrate).
16. I believe in the spirit of the s ： “One World， One Dream”.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
can’t wait to agree with
in close contact with enjoy one’s time
personally speaking major in
be made from be referred to as
1. ， searching and enriching the experience of life is the real meaning of travel.
2. The kids building sandcastles at the beach.
3. He mathematics and got a master’s degree.
4. I share the good news with you.
5. This kind of beer wheat.
6. Teachers in kindergarten sometimes leaders of children.
7. After graduating from high school， I didn’t really stay my best friends.
8. Changes are being made here， which go against my principles and I cannot them.
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：It’s almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia.
【即学即练】
(1)一句多译
到我们行动起来，为环境保护尽一份力的时候了。
①It’s time and do our bit for the environmental protection.
②It’s time that and do our bit for environmental protection.
③It’s time that and do our bit for the environmental protection.
(2)完成句子
①这是我们全家第一次一起去看电影。
It’s the first time that together as a family.
②那时，四成的居民都骑车上班和上学。
40％ of people cycled to work and school.
2. 原句：Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture， minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture， with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.
【即学即练】
(1)随着“世界地球日”的临近，我们学校里张贴了许多海报，号召我们为绿色地球采取行动。
， a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
(2)做完所有的工作后，我们去了附近的社区，把它们给了住在那里的人们。
， we went to the nearby neighbourhood and gave them to the people living there.
(3)士兵让他背朝着他父亲站在那儿。
The soldier had him stand .
(4)他低着头站在老师面前。
He stood before his teacher .
(5)有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。
， we are sure to finish it in time.
Ⅳ. 完形填空
A 35－year－old Australian mother makes around $58，000 a year by hugging total strangers. Jessica O’Neill started her 1 job six months ago. “As human beings， one thing we often 2 in our daily lives is physical touch. Without it， we can fall into depression and other mental health problems. To satisfy this 3 ， I’ve become a professional worker in hugging treatment，” said Jessica.
Jessica claims that her hugs can 4 those who are suffering from loneliness， depression， or low self－confidence. Originally， Jessica was a masseuse (女按摩师)， a quite 5 profession. She noticed that when she 6 her customers during treatments， they dropped their guards and 7 her more. “I could see their 8 melt away. Then I could get to their heart and do what I can to 9 them，” Jessica said. “Everyone has a totally different story. But the most common 10 are loneliness， depression and anxiety. They all just have that desire to concert with someone. I believe my hug helps me and my 11 connect on a spiritual level.”
Jessica says the majority of her customers are male， but she has a surprising number of female customers 12 . Despite many people thinking she must be crazy for doing such work， Jessica is confident that she’s made the right 13 . “It’s so much more rewarding than just working as a masseuse. I feel like it’s what I was put on this Earth for， ” said Jessica. “In today’s digital age， many people are lonelier than ever before.
For people whose lives 14 physical interaction， hugging therapy can have an apparent effect on their mental health.”
“Interestingly， although the hugging treatment has been around for a short while， we’ve actually covered several 15 businesses in the last few years.”
( )1. A. simple B. permanent
C. abnormal D. unusual
( )2. A. observe B. ignore
C. misunderstand D. miss
( )3. A. need B. direction
C. curiosity D. method
( )4. A. rescue B. help
C. persuade D. train
( )5. A. ordinary B. well－paid
C. admirable D. challenging
( )6. A. accompanied B. greeted
C. consulted D. hugged
( )7. A. made fun of B. took advantage of
C. opened up to D. spoke well of
( )8. A. purpose B. tension
C. delight D. anger
( )9. A. impress B. interest
C. defeat D. cure
( )10. A. signs B. faults
C. weaknesses D. failures
( )11. A. colleagues B. ladies
C. customers D. passengers
( )12. A. in return B. as well
C. in total D. after all
( )13. A. suggestion B. agreement
C. choice D. promise
( )14. A. doubt B. accept
C. lack D. hate
( )15. A. temporary B. difficult
C. secret D. successful
Ⅴ. 课文语法填空
Located to the south of the equator， below many other countries on the globe， Australia is often 1 (informal) referred to as “down under”.
A lot of typical Australian food is originally British. The influence of Asian cultures， on the other hand， led to the 2 (introduce) of bean curd and Asian herbs， along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese－inspired dim sum.
The Aborigines are native to Australia. The Aboriginal population might be small， 3 its influence is still visible. 4 (survive) in this vast land on the ocean， the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature. This shows in their music， too， 5 celebrates the natural world and the spiritual world around them. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks 6 (find) on the ground， among which there is an 7 (amaze) instrument called the didgeridoo.
My biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures. Although the main cultural influence since 1788 8 (be) Western culture， minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture， 9 many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. It is said that now nearly half of all Australian 10 (citizen) were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.
1.
2. 3.
4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9.
10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. She read a poem (entitle) The Apple Tree.
2. He d into the water， leaving only his face exposed yesterday.
3. By persistence many countries won (free).
4. The Prime M has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament.
5. We should not be a f in the well. We should take a long－term view.
6. Warriors armed with bows and a and spears have invaded their villages.
7. The care of older people is being placed firmly within the d of the family.
8. A wealthy s came to our rescue with a generous donation， so that our activities could be carried out smoothly.
9. L ， equality and fraternity are the ideals for which human beings have been fighting.
10. The Bering S separates North America from Asia.
11. They wanted to see some s of his products before making large purchases.
12. Those hotels are always full during the p season.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——复习过去分词
1. 单句语法填空
(1)The shop has remained (shut) for two weeks， which is not convenient for the people nearby to buy things.
(2) (attach) to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here.
(3) (free) from endless homework on weekends， the students now find their own activities， such as taking a ride together to watch the sunrise.
(4) (attract) by the beauty of nature， the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
(5)Satellites make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities， and satellite dishes can be often seen (distribute) throughout the countryside and remote areas.
(6)The professor suggested the problem (refer) to be solved at once.
(7)If public schools don’t work out a plan on how much they will spend next year and have it (approve)， they may not get enough money from the government.
(8)I have had my bike ， and I’m going to get somebody my radio tomorrow.(repair)
(9)Teaching is not just a simple piece of work： it’s an art (base) on a science.
(10)Fully (occupy) in looking after three small children， she cannot speak to you at the moment.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)他站了一段时间，手仍然举着。
He stood for some time .
(2)我们对结果不满意，决定再次进行试验。
， we decided to do the experiment again.
(3)我继续讲我的，尽管不断被亨利打断。
I went on talking， though continually .
(4)由于旅途劳顿，他很快就睡着了。
He soon fell asleep， .
(5)她正在读狄更斯写的一本小说。
She was reading a novel .
(6)你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
When will you go to the hospital and ？
(7)这次会议获得了很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席。
The meeting， ， got a great success.
(8)在门口站着的那个女孩是我的女儿。
The girl is my daughter.
(9)要在这里召开的会议很重要。
The meeting here is very important.
(10)他一康复就投身到他的工作中去，并且尽一切努力把它做好。
， he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Ten years ago， I was visiting Costa Rica when I found I was in a bad situation. I only knew basic Spanish， and the only 1 I had was some coins and a return ticket to Guatemala in two weeks.
With the coins， I managed to arrive at Santa Rosa by bus. It was 2 in the middle of the night， but I could see some 3 in the distance， so I 4 towards them.
I went 5 door to door， explaining my situation. “I can cook and clean and look after your kids. I can do anything. Can you give me a 6 ？” Everybody replied saying， “Oh my gosh， but we are so poor. We have no extra food. Maybe you can try the next 7 .”
Finally， I arrived at a Chinese restaurant， the owner of which was incredibly kind. She told me that her son had a(n) 8 experience. At that time， some other people were very kind to him， and she remembered how grateful that made her feel. She called the Red Cross to 9 me. With their help， I spent my 10 days in Costa Rica.
I’ve 11 all over the world. But this was one of the best trips， the best two 12 I ever had in my travelling life.
At first， I felt 13 and stupid for not travelling with a clear plan. But then I realised that when you’re in a position to be able to 14 ， it actually makes people feel happier. Being able to receive kindness is a gift for other people as well. And kindness 15 more kindness in small ripples (涟漪).
( )1. A. possession B. file
C. choice D. fortune
( )2. A. busy B. dark
C. hot D. cold
( )3. A. stores B. bus－stops
C. bookshops D. houses
( )4. A. wandered B. fled
C. walked D. jumped
( )5. A. knocking B. hitting
C. answering D. kicking
( )6. A. coffee B. bed
C. tip D. job
( )7. A. company B. factory
C. restaurant D. family
( )8. A. similar B. different
C. unhappy D. pleasant
( )9. A. seize B. check
C. find D. rescue
( )10. A. passing B. remaining
C. rewarding D. exciting
( )11. A. surveyed B. driven
C. studied D. travelled
( )12. A. days B. weeks
C. months D. years
( )13. A. fortunate B. optimistic
C. guilty D. curious
( )14. A. offer B. help
C. receive D. repay
( )15. A. proves B. reflects
C. forces D. inspires
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Petra may be the treasure of an ancient world， hidden behind a tall mountain. Its beautiful scenery makes it one of the greatest ancient sites still standing today. Common sense says “perhaps there’s nothing on the planet that looks like it”. Without a doubt， there’s nothing in the world that resembles it. The rock－carved rose－red town of Petra is filled with a mysterious charm that had been “designed to strike wonder into all who entered it”.
Petra is the legacy from the Nabataeans， a hard－working group of Arab people who settled in southern Jordan more than 2，000 years ago. Admired then because of their culture， architecture and complex dams and water channels， Petra has become a UNESCO (United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organisation) world heritage site and has been listed in the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Petra is the most well－known site in Jordan located about 262 km south of Amman and 133 km north of Aqaba. The Dead Sea is 80 kilometres north of it. The steeply rising sides of a long， cool， dark and narrow gorge (峡谷) basically keep the sunlight out. Suddenly the gorge opens right into a natural square covered with Petra’s most well－known monuments， which glows in the bright sun. The ancient city shows the visitors its beautiful look. The town is large and the quality of the architecture is surprising. It leads someone to think about the creativity from the Nabataeans who made Petra their capital.
Petra was the top architectural site for more than 400 years until it was occupied by the Romans in 106 AD. It was seen first when discovered in 1812 after being lost through the 16th century for nearly 300 years！ Petra has 800 monuments， including buildings， tombs， baths， halls， temples， and streets， which were mostly carved in the pretty sandstone. Petra sights are in their finest in the early morning and the late afternoon. Once the sun warms the colourful stones， you will see the majesty of Petra.
( )1. What do we know about Petra from the passage？
A. It is on the top of a mountain.
B. It was a palace for the king.
C. It is a unique site.
D. It was built by the Nabataeans in 106 AD.
( )2. Where is Petra according to the passage？
A. It is about 133 km south of Aqaba.
B. It is about 262 km north of Amman.
C. It is 80 km south of the Dead Sea.
D. It is in southeast Jordan.
( )3. According to the passage， Petra was lost .
A. in the 1500s
B. in the 1600s
C. in the 1700s
D. in the 1800s
( )4. What is the best title for the passage？
A. Jordan， a Country Worth Visiting
B. Petra， Jordan’s Wonder of the World
C. The Treasure Hidden Behind a Mountain
D. Petra， the Best－known Ancient City in the World
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The map shows the (distribute) of this species across the world.
2. Fatal road accidents have decreased in (frequent) over recent years.
3. They have called for an end to (violent).
4. Two water tanks provide a total c of 400 litres.
5. The new drug has not yet been (license) in the US.
6. To ensure the safety of primary school students， traffic police installed a t traffic light at the school gate during school time.
7. If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream p of a sleep， they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.
8. The storm split a branch off from the main t .
Ⅱ. 短语填空
at birth a handful of
against the law hang onto
in the interest of in the wild
pick up come across
1. It’s very difficult for giant pandas to survive .
2. She brought rice out of the bag and showed it to me.
3. I’ve never such an experience in my time.
4. He his knife and fork and began to eat.
5. I am doing this the great majority of people.
6. The twins were separated and brought up in entirely different environments.
7. You should that painting—it might be valuable.
8. Driving at night without lights on is .
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：They sleep and drink milk in that temporary， protected environment until they are about seven or eight months old.
【即学即练】
直到老板回来，他才离开办公室。
(1) . (正常语序)
(2) . (倒装)
(3) . (强调句型)
2. 原句：While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird， it’s really a primitive mammal， with a unique biology.
【即学即练】
翻译下列句子。
(1)We must strike while the iron is hot.
。
(2)While he loves his students， he is very strict with them.
。
(3)While there is life there is hope.
。
(4)The son was having a good meal at home， while the parents were working in the fields.
。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
The kakapo， a bird that lives in New Zealand， is not designed for survival. Weighing up to 4 kilogrammes， it is the world’s fattest parrot. It mates (交配) only when the rimu tree is in fruit， which happens every few years. It developed gradually in the absence of land－based natural enemies， so instead of flying above the trees， it walks like a duck across the dry forest floor. When it moves unsteadily across something that might kill it， it will stand still.
Such unusual characteristics turned it into fast food for human settlers， and for the cats and rats they brought with them. It seemed to have disappeared by the 1970s， until scientists came across two undiscovered populations in the country’s south. These survivors were eventually moved to small enemy－free islands， where researchers have spent decades trying to get them to breed (繁殖).
The scientists’ patience was finally rewarded. The rimu was in fruit that year， and more than 80 chicks hatched， making that the best breeding season on record. Many survived into adolescence， increasing the number of adult kakapos by a third， to 200 birds.
Another danger to the kakapo is a lack of genetic diversity. This is one reason why fewer than half of kakapo eggs hatch. By arranging the genome (基因组) of every living bird， scientists can identify closely－related individuals and put them on different islands. Every bird is fitted with something to track its slightest movement. If a female mates with an “unsuitable” male， the process can be stopped.
All these efforts cost almost New Zealand $1.3 million in this breeding season. Yet the kakapo’s future still looks unsafe. Earlier that year a severe disease tore through the population. And tiny as the number of kakapos is， space is running out on the two islands where most of them live. New enemy－free settlement must soon be found.
( )1. Which of the following is a danger for the survival of the kakapo？
A. It is the smallest bird in the world.
B. It lacks exercise and usually stands still.
C. It adapts slowly in genetic development.
D. It can’t respond actively when facing danger.
( )2. In what way may the scientists’ patience be rewarded？
A. They hatched 80 kakapos’ eggs this year.
B. They tried to make the rimu tree in fruit this year.
C. Two survivors were moved to enemy－free islands.
D. 50 chicks hatched had survived into adults that year.
( )3. Why did the scientists put kakapo in different islands？
A. To stop closely－related kakapos mating.
B. To increase the population of kakapo.
C. To stop females mating with males.
D. To hatch more kakapos’ eggs.
( )4. According to the author， the efforts to protect the kakapo in New Zealand are .
A. successful
B. unsafe
C. doubtful
D. inadequate
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
High on the Qinghai－Tibet Plateau lies China’s “Water Tower”—Sanjiangyuan. 1 The three rivers： the Yellow River， the Yangtze River and the Lancang River， provide water for about half the population of China. However， human activities such as overgrazing (过度放牧) are putting this ecosystem at risk.
2 In 2016， the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park， which was a pilot(试行) programme for China’s national park system. 3 Due to the progress made in the region， Qinghai held the first National Park Forum on 19 August.
Sanjiangyuan National Park is a model of eco－protection. 4 For example， herdsmen have given their grasslands to nature and resettled in urban areas. As for wildlife， they are monitored by field conservation stations to keep the environment in good condition.
The idea of a national park system is still new in China， but it must be realised. As President Xi wrote in the congratulatory letter to the forum， “Building an ecological civilisation bears great significance in the development and progress of human civilisation.” With great efforts，people may one day be able to enjoy themselves in the vast lands of Sanjiangyuan and run freely across the plains alongside nature’s animals. 5
A. Hopefully， though， we have realised the damage.
B. It’s home to the headwater of China’s three big rivers.
C. Unfortunately， the situation has got worse and worse.
D. It attracts visitors with its fantastic nature beauty and various wildlife.
E. The park has increased the area’s green coverage and attracted more wildlife.
F. Hopefully， the success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a greener future.
G. The local government has different ways of slowing environmental degradation.
1.
2.
3. 4.
5.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Christmas Island， which is barely a tiny spot on the world map， sits about 402 kilometres south off the coast of Central Java， and 2，655 kilometres from Perth， the nearest western Australian city. Technically， it’s part of Australia， but you’d never know it from its location.
Christmas Island got its name from Captain William Mynors， an English sailor who accidentally landed on this unknown land on Christmas Day in 1643， though it wasn’t until the late 1800s that the island was properly surveyed.
With its warm temperatures and high rainfall， Christmas Island is home to all sorts of wildlife. Nearly two－thirds of the island is national park land， which is highly popular with bird－watchers.
No matter where you end up in the forest， you won’t be short on sightseeing spots. Hugh’s Dale Waterfall is eye－catching， and can only be reached by hiking through the rainforest. Once you arrive at the falls， go ahead and take a shower under the crashing water—not only is it clean enough to drink， it’s held sacred by local Buddhists， who believe it’s the centre of the island’s “water universe”.
Most people come for the beaches. Since the island is so small and has remained in its natural state for so long， all kinds of colourful fish can be found swimming around the island’s tropical reef. You might find yourself swimming with the world’s largest fish， the whale shark， which visits Christmas Island from November to April.
To get to Christmas Island， you’ll need to fly in from Perth or Fiji. Click here for more information.
( )1. Which of the following can NOT be done on Christmas Island？
A.Watch wild birds.
B. Drink fresh water.
C. Cycle to Hugh’s Dale Waterfall.
D. Swim with a whale shark.
( )2. What can we infer from the passage？
A. Central Java is a city in Australia.
B. Christmas Island is cold and wet all year round.
C. It is very dangerous to travel on Christmas Island.
D. There are many wonderful sights in the forest on the island.
( )3. Where is the passage most probably taken from？
A. A sport magazine.
B. A website.
C. A TV show.
D. A movie review.
B
The victims were carried in one by one， their paws and fur burnt， suffering from dehydration and fear. Their caretakers bandaged their wounds， wrapped them and laid them in baskets with the only thing that was familiar—the leaves of a eucalyptus tree (桉树).
As catastrophic fires have burnt more than two million acres in Australia， dozens of koalas have been rescued from burning trees and ashen ground. The animals， already threatened as a species before these latest fires destroyed an essential habitat， are being treated in rescue centres， and at least one private home， along the country’s east coast.
The difficult situation of the koala—a national symbol of Australia—has raised questions among conservationists and scientists about what it will take to preserve biodiversity in a country increasingly exposed to intense fire， extreme heat and water scarcity， and which already has among the highest rates of species extinction in the world.
While koalas have evolved to exist alongside wildfires， the animals are facing new threats not just from climate change but also from human development， which has dislocated local populations， damaging their ability to survive fires. In some regions， scientists say， koalas’ numbers have declined by up to 80 percent， though it is difficult to know how many remain across Australia.
“We have these unique animals not found anywhere else on this planet， and we’re killing them，” said Cheyne Flanagan， the clinical director of the Koala Hospital， the only facility of its kind in the world. “This is a big wake－up call.”
( )4. What happened to koalas after the catastrophic fires in Australia？
A. The koalas were taken good care of after being rescued.
B. Most of koalas have been rescued from burning trees.
C. The victims only suffered from severe burns and a lack of water.
D. Koalas have been listed among the highest rates of species extinction.
( )5. Which of the following threats koalas face is NOT mentioned in the passage？
A. Illegal hunting.
B. Fires in the wild.
C. Human development.
D. Climate change.
( )6. What’s the author’s attitude towards the situation of Koala？
A. Tolerant. B. Supportive.
C. Indifferent. D. Worried.
( )7. What might be the best title for the passage？
A. Climate Changes—A Big Wake－up Call
B. Koala—A National Symbol of Australia
C. Catastrophic Wildfires Burning in Australia
D. Saving the Fire Victims Who Cannot Flee
Ⅱ. 书面表达
旅游景点介绍
文体感知
介绍旅游景点就是对旅游景点的介绍说明，属于说明文。注意事项如下：
1. 理清所要介绍的旅游景点是什么，具有哪些重要性或历史意义；
2. 明确文章结构：
第一部分，交代清楚所要介绍的景点， 包括景点的位置；
第二部分，介绍景点的路线和风景；
第三部分，对景点进行总结和评价。
3. 找准时态与人称，理清写作顺序。
【素材】
请你根据下列提示，写一篇介绍华山的英语短文。
提示：1. 华山位于陕西省华阴市，是我国著名的“五岳”之一；
2. 华山有五座山峰，分别为东峰、西峰、南峰、北峰和中峰；
3. 人们可以步行上山，也可以乘索道或缆车上山。
参考词汇：五岳 Five Sacred Mountains
索道 ropeway 缆车 cable car
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 坐落于；位于
2. 山峰；顶峰
3. 国内外
4. 传说
5. 瀑布
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)华山位于陕西省华阴市境内。
Mount Hua Huayin， Shaanxi Province.
(2)华山作为中国“五岳”之一而闻名于国内外。
It is famous as one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China.
(3)华山有五座山峰，分别为东峰、西峰、南峰、北峰和中峰， 每座山峰都有一个独特的传说。
It has five main peaks： the East Peak， the West Peak， the South Peak， the North Peak and the Middle Peak， and .
(4)山脚下，首先吸引你的是瀑布。
the mountain， the waterfalls will first .
(5)到达山顶， 你会看到云海。
When you arrive at the top， you can .
(6)你可以步行上山， 也可以乘索道或缆车上山， 沿途你可以欣赏到美丽的自然风光。
You can climb to the top ， ， or riding in a cable car， and along the way you can enjoy .
2. 句式升级
(1)把第1小题中的句(1)和(2)合并成一个含有分词短语的句子。
， Mount Hua as one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China.
(2)把第1小题中的句(3)改成一个非限制性定语从句。
It has five main peaks： the East Peak， the West Peak， the South Peak， the North Peak and the Middle Peak， .
(3)把第1小题中的句(5)改成简单句，使用现在分词短语作状语。
， .
【妙笔成篇】
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.＋－ation→n.
found→ n.创建；基础；地基
adapt→ n.适应；改编本
【v.＋－ation→n.拓展】
expect→ n.预料；预期；期待
relax→ n.放松；休息；消遣
present→ n.提交；授予；颁发
recommend→ n.提议；推荐
transport→ n.运输
tempt→ n.引诱；诱惑
inform→ n.消息；信息
2. en－＋n.→vt.
title→ vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利
courage→ vt.鼓励；激励
【en－＋n.→vt.拓展】
slave→ vt.奴役；使成为奴隶
cage→ vt.把……关入笼中
case→ vt.把……装箱
roll→ vt.登记；注册；使加入
train→ vt.上火车
danger→ vt.危及；危害
3. n./adj.＋－dom→n.
free→ n.自由；不受……影响的状态
wise→ n.智慧；才智
【n./adj.＋－dom→n.拓展】
bore→ n.厌烦；厌倦
king→ n.王国；领域
chief→ n.首领身份
beggar → n.乞丐身份
4. adj.(去t/te)＋－cy→n.
frequent→ n.发生率；重复率；(声波或电磁波振动的)频率
fluent→ n.流利；熟练自如；流畅
【adj.去(t/te)＋－cy→n.拓展】
private→ n.隐私；私密
emergent→ n.突发事件；紧急情况
efficient→ n.效率；效能；功效
accurate→ n.准确(性)；精确(程度)
consistent→ n.一致性；连贯性
5. v.(e结尾)＋(去e)－ion→n.
vibrate→ n.震动；颤动；抖动
distribute→ n.分布；分配；分发
【v.(e结尾)＋(去e)－ion→n.拓展】
liberate→ n.解放
accomodate→ n.住宿
imitate→ n.模仿
communicate→ n.通信；交流
operate→ n.手术；(有组织的)活动；运转
celebrate→ n.庆祝
6. a＋n.＋of→表示数量的短语
a flock of
a handful of
a couple of
a pile of
a bunch of
a group of
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. A b is a shopkeeper who cuts up and sells meat.
2. A h is a plant whose leaves are used in cooking to add flavour to food， or as a medicine.
3. The teacher together with his assistants has analysed ten cell s during the past two months in the school lab.
4. Let me put it more (straightforward).
5. As we often read about it in fairy tales when we were children， the prince was turned into a f by the witch.
6. The a on the sign indicates the way to go.
7. Every worker will be e to four weeks’ paid holiday a year.
8. The exhibition was s by the Society of Culture.
9. He broke the law and had to endure six months’ loss of l .
10. The government will provide t accommodation for up to three thousand people who have lost their homes in the flood.
11. The wedding marked the beginning of a new p in Emma’s life.
12. This tree looks high and strong but actually its t is h ， inside which three little squirrels made a home in it.
13. Two policemen held up a truck so as to inspect the driver’s l .
14. When he was sent to p ， he really felt he had let down his parents.
15. They’ve built a high f all round to keep intruders out.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 总理说， 经过长期的政治斗争， 他们终于赢得了自由，见证了一个崭新的独立国家的建立。一场盛大的庆典将会在广场举行。
The said that after a long struggle， they finally won their and witnessed the of a new and independent country. A celebration will be held in the square.
2. 台湾， 位于中国东南沿海的大陆架上， 西隔台湾海峡与福建省相望。它是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
Taiwan， on the continental shelf of China’s southeast coast， faces Fujian Province across the Taiwan in the west. It is an indivisible part of China’s .
3. 那个地区的暴力事件发生的频率越来越高， 警察和当地群众采取联合行动， 逮捕了犯罪分子，其中的几个人已经被关进了监狱。
in that area became more and more . Police and local people took action to arrest criminals， a of whom had already been put in .
4. Tom和他的朋友们上周末去了刚开的一家游乐场玩。他们玩了很多项目，包括潜水、皮划艇、蹦极。女孩子们甚至还捉到了几只漂亮的蝴蝶做标本。然后他们又选了一处非常美丽的地方开了个烧烤聚会。他们玩得特别开心。
Tom and his friends went to a new amusement park last weekend. They played a lot of sports， including ， ， . The girls even caught some beautiful butterflies as . Then they chose a very beautiful place to have a party. They had a great time.
5. 鸭嘴兽原产于位于赤道以南的塔斯马尼亚岛以及澳大利亚的南部与东部， 是最原始的有着独特生物学特性的哺乳动物之一。它们常把窝建造在沼泽或河流的岸边并将卵产于巢内。经过两个星期的孵化， 小鸭嘴兽诞生了。四个月大时， 它们就有能力在水中捕食。
Platypus is one of the most with unique ， which Tasmania and the south and east of Australia， to the south of the . They often build their on the banks of swamps or rivers， where they lay eggs. After two weeks of ， little duckbill is born. At the age of four months， they have the to find food in the water.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. (abandon) to smoking， he gradually developed lung cancer and died young.
2. The book (base) on the author’s own experience tells the rise and decline of four famous royal families.
3. Back from his two－year service in the army， Mr Lee was very happy to see his father (take) good care of at home.
4. Please keep us (inform) of the latest developments.
5. Not (give) a chance， he felt disappointed.
6. The bottle (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory.
7. When I went in the clinic， I saw the patient (examine) by the doctor.
8. I received a letter (ask) for more information about our products.
9. He let out my secret. He made it (know) to all.
10. The mobile phone (lie) on the desk belongs to me.
11. At this moment the bell rang， (announce) the end of the class.
12. (give) a satisfactory operation， the patient recovered from illness very quickly.
13. (compare) with the old one， the new house looks brighter.
14. People (live) in the south have their house (make) in bamboo.
15. The workers had the machines (run) all night long to finish the work on time.
16. A person (learn) a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language.
17. Knowledge (obtain) too easily will be soon forgotten.
18. The result of the test was rather (disappoint).
19. A beggar died of cold， (leave) his body exposed.
20. When he woke up， he found himself (surround) by strangers.Unit 2 Iconic Attractions
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He laid the foundation (found) of his success by study and hard work.
2. Henry was forced to leave his motherland for political (politics) reasons.
3. The house is located (locate) next to the river.
4. Bamboo is light because it is h ollow .
5. I must insist on your giving me a s traightforward answer， and don’t beat around the bush.
6. The e quator is an imaginary line， which divides the earth into northern and southern parts equally.
7. In order to achieve this goal， we will strengthen our cooperation and make j oint efforts.
8. The h erb tastes bitter， but it is especially effective for your disease.
9. The kangaroo is native to Australia.
10. She shows a very positive attitude to/towards her work.
11. Canadians often have b arbecues in summer， which means cooking meat and other food on a metal grill over an open fire， usually outside.
12. The b akery serves us with fresh bread daily and the shopkeeper is very friendly.
13. He b utchered the pig with a small sharp knife and then took the meat to the market.
14. P remier of Canada announced new policies to support small－sized enterprises during the economic recovery.
15. Even at full speed， the ship’s engines cause very little vibration (vibrate).
16. I believe in the spirit of the s logan ： “One World， One Dream”.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
can’t wait to agree with
in close contact with enjoy one’s time
personally speaking major in
be made from be referred to as
1. Personally speaking ， searching and enriching the experience of life is the real meaning of travel.
2. The kids enjoy their time building sandcastles at the beach.
3. He majored in mathematics and got a master’s degree.
4. I can’t wait to share the good news with you.
5. This kind of beer is made from wheat.
6. Teachers in kindergarten are sometimes referred to as leaders of children.
7. After graduating from high school， I didn’t really stay in close contact with my best friends.
8. Changes are being made here， which go against my principles and I cannot agree with them.
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：It’s almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia.
【即学即练】
(1)一句多译
到我们行动起来，为环境保护尽一份力的时候了。
①It’s time for us to take action and do our bit for the environmental protection.
②It’s time that we took action and do our bit for environmental protection.
③It’s time that we should take action and do our bit for the environmental protection.
(2)完成句子
①这是我们全家第一次一起去看电影。
It’s the first time that we’ve been to the cinema together as a family.
②那时，四成的居民都骑车上班和上学。
It was a time when 40％ of people cycled to work and school.
2. 原句：Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture， minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture， with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.
【即学即练】
(1)随着“世界地球日”的临近，我们学校里张贴了许多海报，号召我们为绿色地球采取行动。
With the World Earth Day approaching ， a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
(2)做完所有的工作后，我们去了附近的社区，把它们给了住在那里的人们。
With all the work done ， we went to the nearby neighbourhood and gave them to the people living there.
(3)士兵让他背朝着他父亲站在那儿。
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father .
(4)他低着头站在老师面前。
He stood before his teacher with his head down .
(5)有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。
With so many people to help us ， we are sure to finish it in time.
Ⅳ. 完形填空
A 35－year－old Australian mother makes around $58，000 a year by hugging total strangers. Jessica O’Neill started her 1 job six months ago. “As human beings， one thing we often 2 in our daily lives is physical touch. Without it， we can fall into depression and other mental health problems. To satisfy this 3 ， I’ve become a professional worker in hugging treatment，” said Jessica.
Jessica claims that her hugs can 4 those who are suffering from loneliness， depression， or low self－confidence. Originally， Jessica was a masseuse (女按摩师)， a quite 5 profession. She noticed that when she 6 her customers during treatments， they dropped their guards and 7 her more. “I could see their 8 melt away. Then I could get to their heart and do what I can to 9 them，” Jessica said. “Everyone has a totally different story. But the most common 10 are loneliness， depression and anxiety. They all just have that desire to concert with someone. I believe my hug helps me and my 11 connect on a spiritual level.”
Jessica says the majority of her customers are male， but she has a surprising number of female customers 12 . Despite many people thinking she must be crazy for doing such work， Jessica is confident that she’s made the right 13 . “It’s so much more rewarding than just working as a masseuse. I feel like it’s what I was put on this Earth for， ” said Jessica. “In today’s digital age， many people are lonelier than ever before.
For people whose lives 14 physical interaction， hugging therapy can have an apparent effect on their mental health.”
“Interestingly， although the hugging treatment has been around for a short while， we’ve actually covered several 15 businesses in the last few years.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位35岁的澳大利亚母亲，通过拥抱陌生人治愈人们的故事。
( D )1. A. simple B. permanent
C. abnormal D. unusual
【解析】 考查形容词。根据语境可知，Jessica 成了一位“拥抱治疗师”，并以此谋生。对于常人来说，“拥抱治疗师”是一份不寻常的工作。
( B )2. A. observe B. ignore
C. misunderstand D. miss
【解析】 考查动词。句意：作为人类，我们在日常生活中经常忽略的一件事是身体接触。根据下文 “Without it， we can fall into depression and other…in hugging treatment.” 可知，人们在生活中忽略的是身体上的接触。
( A )3. A. need B. direction
C. curiosity D. method
【解析】 考查名词。此处表示“为了满足这种需求， Jessica 成了拥抱治疗的专业工作者”。根据上文可知， Jessica 成了一位“拥抱治疗师”，目的是满足人们对身体接触的需求。
( B )4. A. rescue B. help
C. persuade D. train
【解析】 考查动词。句意：Jessica 说她的拥抱可以帮助那些孤独、抑郁或缺乏自信的人。联系语境可知，她的拥抱只能是帮助那些需要帮助的人，不至于到了营救人的程度，其他选项不符合语境。
( A )5. A. ordinary B. well－paid
C. admirable D. challenging
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：最初， Jessica 只是一位女按摩师，一个很普通的职业。联系语境以及常识可知，按摩师只是一个很普通的职业。
( D )6. A. accompanied B. greeted
C. consulted D. hugged
【解析】 考查动词。句意：她注意到，当她在治疗期间拥抱她的顾客时，他们会放下戒备，对她更加放得开。根据上文可知，因为人们缺乏身体接触，所以Jessica成了专业的“拥抱治疗师”。此处讲的还是拥抱这件事。
( C )7. A. made fun of B. took advantage of
C. opened up to D. spoke well of
【解析】 考查动词短语。句意同上题。根据空格前的“they dropped their guards”可知，客户在解除了戒备的前提下，一定会对她畅所欲言，更加信任的。C项符合语境。
( B )8. A. purpose B. tension
C. delight D. anger
【解析】 考查名词。句意：我可以看到他们的紧张情绪消失了。联系上文可知，在解除戒备、打开心扉之后，客户的紧张心情也一定能得到缓解。
( D )9. A. impress B. interest
C. defeat D. cure
【解析】 考查动词。句意：Jessica说道，“然后我就可以深入他们的内心，尽我所能地治愈他们。”联系语境可知， Jessica 的职业是治疗师，因此，其工作内容一定是和治疗相关的，其他选项不符合语境。
( A )10. A. signs B. faults
C. weaknesses D. failures
【解析】 考查名词。句意：但最常见的症状是孤独、抑郁和焦虑。由空格后的 “loneliness， depression and anxiety” 可知，此处应当指的是客人的“症状”。
( C )11. A. colleagues B. ladies
C. customers D. passengers
【解析】 考查名词。句意：我相信我的拥抱帮助我和我的客户在精神层面上建立了联系。根据下文的 “Jessica says the majority of her customers are…”可知，此处指的是客户。
( B )12. A. in return B. as well
C. in total D. after all
【解析】 考查短语。此处表示“但她也有数量惊人的女性顾客”。根据but 可知，该空格应用as well “也”，强调虽然大部分顾客是男性，但是女性客户也很多。
( C )13. A. suggestion B. agreement
C. choice D. promise
【解析】 考查名词。此处表示“Jessica 相信她做出了正确的选择”。根据空格前的 “Jessica is confident that…” 和空格后的 “It’s so much more rewarding than just working as a masseuse.” 可知，在Jessica看来，她从事“拥抱治疗师”这个职业是正确的选择。
( C )14. A. doubt B. accept
C. lack D. hate
【解析】 考查动词。句意：对于那些生命中缺乏身体互动的人来说，拥抱治疗法对他们的心理健康有明显的影响。根据上文的 “As human beings， one thing we often 2 in our daily lives is physical touch.” 可推知，人们缺乏的正是身体上的互动。
( D )15. A. temporary B. difficult
C. secret D. successful
【解析】 考查形容词。此处表示“我们实际上已经有了几家成功的企业”。联系语境可知，尽管拥抱治疗方法出现的时间很短，但因为能解决人们面临的问题，因此一定能够取得进展，进而发展壮大。此处指的是拥有了几家成功的企业。
Ⅴ. 课文语法填空
Located to the south of the equator， below many other countries on the globe， Australia is often 1 (informal) referred to as “down under”.
A lot of typical Australian food is originally British. The influence of Asian cultures， on the other hand， led to the 2 (introduce) of bean curd and Asian herbs， along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese－inspired dim sum.
The Aborigines are native to Australia. The Aboriginal population might be small， 3 its influence is still visible. 4 (survive) in this vast land on the ocean， the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature. This shows in their music， too， 5 celebrates the natural world and the spiritual world around them. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks 6 (find) on the ground， among which there is an 7 (amaze) instrument called the didgeridoo.
My biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures. Although the main cultural influence since 1788 8 (be) Western culture， minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture， 9 many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. It is said that now nearly half of all Australian 10 (citizen) were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas.
1. informally
【解析】 考查副词。句意：位于赤道以南，并在地球上其他国家的下方，澳大利亚通常被非正式地称为“down under”。分析句子结构可知，该空格修饰动词 referred，需要用副词形式。
2. introduction
【解析】 考查名词。此处表示“另一方面，亚洲文化的影响导致了豆腐和亚洲药草的引进”。由前面的定冠词the和空格后的of可以判断此处应用名词形式。
3. but
【解析】 考查连词。句意：澳大利亚土著人口可能很少，但其影响仍然显而易见。根据句意可以判断，设空处上下文在意思上是转折关系。
4. To survive
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在这片海洋中的辽阔陆地上生存，澳大利亚土著人必须要和大自然保持密切的联系。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用动词不定式表示目的。
5. which
【解析】 考查定语从句引导词。句意：这也表现在他们的音乐当中，他们的音乐赞美他们周围的自然世界和精神世界。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词their music，指物，从句中缺少主语，此处需要用which。
6. found
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处表示“他们的大多数乐器其实只是在地上找到的棍儿”。设空处作后置定语， find 与其逻辑主语 sticks之间构成被动关系， 应用过去分词形式。
7. amazing
【解析】 考查形容词。此处表示“其中有一种叫迪吉里杜管的神奇乐器”。修饰事或物，表示“令人……的”，应用动词－ing形式的形容词。
8. has been
【解析】 考查时态和主谓一致。此处表示“虽然自1788年以来，主要受西方文化的影响”。由 “since 1788”可以判断此处要用现在完成时；主语为cultural influence， 为单数，助动词也需要用第三人称单数形式。
9. with
9. with 【解析】 考查介词。此处表示“许多新的文化影响由移民促成”。联系语境可知，此处是with的复合结构做伴随状语。
10. citizens
【解析】 考查名词的数。句意：据说现在将近一半的澳大利亚公民不是在海外出生，就是他们的父母在海外出生。由设空处前面的all可以判断，此处需要用名词的复数形式。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. She read a poem entitled (entitle) The Apple Tree.
2. He d ived into the water， leaving only his face exposed yesterday.
3. By persistence many countries won freedom (free).
4. The Prime M inister has been asked to justify the decision to Parliament.
5. We should not be a f rog in the well. We should take a long－term view.
6. Warriors armed with bows and a rrows and spears have invaded their villages.
7. The care of older people is being placed firmly within the d omain of the family.
8. A wealthy s ponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation， so that our activities could be carried out smoothly.
9. L iberty ， equality and fraternity are the ideals for which human beings have been fighting.
10. The Bering S trait separates North America from Asia.
11. They wanted to see some s amples of his products before making large purchases.
12. Those hotels are always full during the p eak season.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——复习过去分词
1. 单句语法填空
(1)The shop has remained shut (shut) for two weeks， which is not convenient for the people nearby to buy things.
(2) Attached (attach) to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here.
(3) Freed (free) from endless homework on weekends， the students now find their own activities， such as taking a ride together to watch the sunrise.
(4) Attracted (attract) by the beauty of nature， the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
(5)Satellites make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities， and satellite dishes can be often seen distributed (distribute) throughout the countryside and remote areas.
(6)The professor suggested the problem referred (refer) to be solved at once.
(7)If public schools don’t work out a plan on how much they will spend next year and have it approved (approve)， they may not get enough money from the government.
(8)I have had my bike repaired ， and I’m going to get somebody to repair my radio tomorrow.(repair)
(9)Teaching is not just a simple piece of work： it’s an art based (base) on a science.
(10)Fully occupied (occupy) in looking after three small children， she cannot speak to you at the moment.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)他站了一段时间，手仍然举着。
He stood for some time with his hand still raised .
(2)我们对结果不满意，决定再次进行试验。
Not satisfied with the result ， we decided to do the experiment again.
(3)我继续讲我的，尽管不断被亨利打断。
I went on talking， though continually interrupted by Henry .
(4)由于旅途劳顿，他很快就睡着了。
He soon fell asleep， exhausted by the journey .
(5)她正在读狄更斯写的一本小说。
She was reading a novel written by Dickens .
(6)你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
When will you go to the hospital and have your teeth examined ？
(7)这次会议获得了很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席。
The meeting， attended by one thousand students ， got a great success.
(8)在门口站着的那个女孩是我的女儿。
The girl standing by the door is my daughter.
(9)要在这里召开的会议很重要。
The meeting to take place/to be held here is very important.
(10)他一康复就投身到他的工作中去，并且尽一切努力把它做好。
Once recovered ， he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Ten years ago， I was visiting Costa Rica when I found I was in a bad situation. I only knew basic Spanish， and the only 1 I had was some coins and a return ticket to Guatemala in two weeks.
With the coins， I managed to arrive at Santa Rosa by bus. It was 2 in the middle of the night， but I could see some 3 in the distance， so I 4 towards them.
I went 5 door to door， explaining my situation. “I can cook and clean and look after your kids. I can do anything. Can you give me a 6 ？” Everybody replied saying， “Oh my gosh， but we are so poor. We have no extra food. Maybe you can try the next 7 .”
Finally， I arrived at a Chinese restaurant， the owner of which was incredibly kind. She told me that her son had a(n) 8 experience. At that time， some other people were very kind to him， and she remembered how grateful that made her feel. She called the Red Cross to 9 me. With their help， I spent my 10 days in Costa Rica.
I’ve 11 all over the world. But this was one of the best trips， the best two 12 I ever had in my travelling life.
At first， I felt 13 and stupid for not travelling with a clear plan. But then I realised that when you’re in a position to be able to 14 ， it actually makes people feel happier. Being able to receive kindness is a gift for other people as well. And kindness 15 more kindness in small ripples (涟漪).
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了十年前作者在哥斯达黎加旅行时，发现自己的处境很糟糕，之后有一位中国餐馆的老板帮助了他的经历。作者意识到，能够接受善意也是给别人的一份礼物。
( A )1. A. possession B. file
C. choice D. fortune
【解析】 考查名词。根据下文的 “some coins and a return ticket to Guatemala in two weeks” 可知，作者拥有的唯一财产是一些硬币和一张两周后去危地马拉的往返票。
( B )2. A. busy B. dark
C. hot D. cold
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文“in the middle of the night” 可知，半夜的时候，天一定已经黑了。
( D )3. A. stores B. bus－stops
C. bookshops D. houses
【解析】 考查名词。根据下文 “I went 5 door to door， explaining my situation.” 可知，作者能看到的就是一些房子。
( C )4. A. wandered B. fled
C. walked D. jumped
【解析】 考查动词。根据常识可知，作者是走向了那些房子，其他选项不符合语境。
( A )5. A. knocking B. hitting
C. answering D. kicking
【解析】 考查动词。当作者看到房子之后，一定是挨家挨户地敲门，解释自己的情况。
( D )6. A. coffee B. bed
C. tip D. job
【解析】 考查名词。根据常识可知，当作者在介绍了自己的能力之后，一定是想找一份工作来赚钱糊口。
( D )7. A. company B. factory
C. restaurant D. family
【解析】 考查名词。根据上文的 “I went 5 door to door” 可知，当时人们一定是建议作者去下一家试试看、碰碰运气的。
( A )8. A. similar B. different
C. unhappy D. pleasant
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文“At that time， some other people were very kind to him， and she remembered how grateful that made her feel.”可知，老板告诉作者，她的儿子也有类似的经历。
( D )9. A. seize B. check
C. find D. rescue
【解析】 考查动词。联系语境可知，老板在知道了作者的情况之后，打电话给红十字会来帮助作者脱离困境。
( B )10. A. passing B. remaining
C. rewarding D. exciting
【解析】 考查形容词。在人们的帮助下，作者的境况会改善一些，那么就能够在哥斯达黎加安稳地度过剩下的几天。
( D )11. A. surveyed B. driven
C. studied D. travelled
【解析】 考查动词。根据下文的 “the best two 12 I ever had in my travelling life”可知，此处作者是说自己环游了世界。
( B )12. A. days B. weeks
C. months D. years
【解析】 考查名词。根据上文的 “a return ticket to Guatemala in two weeks” 可知，这是作者旅行生涯中最棒的一次，也是作者度过的最棒的两周。
( C )13. A. fortunate B. optimistic
C. guilty D. curious
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文的 “stupid for not travelling with a clear plan” 可知，起初作者为没有一个清晰的旅行计划而感到内疚和愚蠢。
( C )14. A. offer B. help
C. receive D. repay
【解析】 考查动词。根据下文的 “Being able to receive kindness is a gift for other people as well.” 可知，作者意识到了当你处于能够接受善意的状态时，就会让人们感到更快乐。
( D )15. A. proves B. reflects
C. forces D. inspires
【解析】 考查动词。联系语境可知，作者在这里是想表达善意可以有连锁反应，会在小小的涟漪中激发出更多的善意。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Petra may be the treasure of an ancient world， hidden behind a tall mountain. Its beautiful scenery makes it one of the greatest ancient sites still standing today. Common sense says “perhaps there’s nothing on the planet that looks like it”. Without a doubt， there’s nothing in the world that resembles it. The rock－carved rose－red town of Petra is filled with a mysterious charm that had been “designed to strike wonder into all who entered it”.
Petra is the legacy from the Nabataeans， a hard－working group of Arab people who settled in southern Jordan more than 2，000 years ago. Admired then because of their culture， architecture and complex dams and water channels， Petra has become a UNESCO (United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organisation) world heritage site and has been listed in the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Petra is the most well－known site in Jordan located about 262 km south of Amman and 133 km north of Aqaba. The Dead Sea is 80 kilometres north of it. The steeply rising sides of a long， cool， dark and narrow gorge (峡谷) basically keep the sunlight out. Suddenly the gorge opens right into a natural square covered with Petra’s most well－known monuments， which glows in the bright sun. The ancient city shows the visitors its beautiful look. The town is large and the quality of the architecture is surprising. It leads someone to think about the creativity from the Nabataeans who made Petra their capital.
Petra was the top architectural site for more than 400 years until it was occupied by the Romans in 106 AD. It was seen first when discovered in 1812 after being lost through the 16th century for nearly 300 years！ Petra has 800 monuments， including buildings， tombs， baths， halls， temples， and streets， which were mostly carved in the pretty sandstone. Petra sights are in their finest in the early morning and the late afternoon. Once the sun warms the colourful stones， you will see the majesty of Petra.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了具有悠久历史的古城——佩特拉。
( C )1. What do we know about Petra from the passage？
A. It is on the top of a mountain.
B. It was a palace for the king.
C. It is a unique site.
D. It was built by the Nabataeans in 106 AD.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Common sense says ‘perhaps there’s nothing on the planet that looks like it’.”可推断佩特拉风光的独特性。
( C )2. Where is Petra according to the passage？
A. It is about 133 km south of Aqaba.
B. It is about 262 km north of Amman.
C. It is 80 km south of the Dead Sea.
D. It is in southeast Jordan.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The Dead Sea is 80 kilometres north of it.”可知，佩特拉在死海以南80千米处。
( A )3. According to the passage， Petra was lost .
A. in the 1500s
B. in the 1600s
C. in the 1700s
D. in the 1800s
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was seen first when discovered in 1812 after being lost through the 16th century for nearly 300 years！”可知，佩特拉在16世纪失落。
( B )4. What is the best title for the passage？
A. Jordan， a Country Worth Visiting
B. Petra， Jordan’s Wonder of the World
C. The Treasure Hidden Behind a Mountain
D. Petra， the Best－known Ancient City in the World
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Petra may be the treasure of an ancient world， hidden behind a tall mountain.”和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了Petra作为世界奇观所具备的特色。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The map shows the distribution (distribute) of this species across the world.
2. Fatal road accidents have decreased in frequency (frequent) over recent years.
3. They have called for an end to violence (violent).
4. Two water tanks provide a total c apacity of 400 litres.
5. The new drug has not yet been licensed (license) in the US.
6. To ensure the safety of primary school students， traffic police installed a t emporary traffic light at the school gate during school time.
7. If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream p hase of a sleep， they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.
8. The storm split a branch off from the main t runk .
Ⅱ. 短语填空
at birth a handful of
against the law hang onto
in the interest of in the wild
pick up come across
1. It’s very difficult for giant pandas to survive in the wild .
2. She brought a handful of rice out of the bag and showed it to me.
3. I’ve never come across such an experience in my time.
4. He picked up his knife and fork and began to eat.
5. I am doing this in the interest of the great majority of people.
6. The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environments.
7. You should hang onto that painting—it might be valuable.
8. Driving at night without lights on is against the law .
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：They sleep and drink milk in that temporary， protected environment until they are about seven or eight months old.
【即学即练】
直到老板回来，他才离开办公室。
(1) He didn’t leave the office until his boss came back . (正常语序)
(2) Not until his boss came back did he leave the office . (倒装)
(3) It was not until his boss came back that he left the office . (强调句型)
2. 原句：While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird， it’s really a primitive mammal， with a unique biology.
【即学即练】
翻译下列句子。
(1)We must strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁 。
(2)While he loves his students， he is very strict with them.
虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格 。
(3)While there is life there is hope.
只要生命存在，就有希望 。
(4)The son was having a good meal at home， while the parents were working in the fields.
儿子在家吃大餐，而父母却在田里辛勤劳作 。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
The kakapo， a bird that lives in New Zealand， is not designed for survival. Weighing up to 4 kilogrammes， it is the world’s fattest parrot. It mates (交配) only when the rimu tree is in fruit， which happens every few years. It developed gradually in the absence of land－based natural enemies， so instead of flying above the trees， it walks like a duck across the dry forest floor. When it moves unsteadily across something that might kill it， it will stand still.
Such unusual characteristics turned it into fast food for human settlers， and for the cats and rats they brought with them. It seemed to have disappeared by the 1970s， until scientists came across two undiscovered populations in the country’s south. These survivors were eventually moved to small enemy－free islands， where researchers have spent decades trying to get them to breed (繁殖).
The scientists’ patience was finally rewarded. The rimu was in fruit that year， and more than 80 chicks hatched， making that the best breeding season on record. Many survived into adolescence， increasing the number of adult kakapos by a third， to 200 birds.
Another danger to the kakapo is a lack of genetic diversity. This is one reason why fewer than half of kakapo eggs hatch. By arranging the genome (基因组) of every living bird， scientists can identify closely－related individuals and put them on different islands. Every bird is fitted with something to track its slightest movement. If a female mates with an “unsuitable” male， the process can be stopped.
All these efforts cost almost New Zealand $1.3 million in this breeding season. Yet the kakapo’s future still looks unsafe. Earlier that year a severe disease tore through the population. And tiny as the number of kakapos is， space is running out on the two islands where most of them live. New enemy－free settlement must soon be found.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们为了保护新西兰的一种濒临灭绝的鸟类——鸮鹦鹉，所做出的一些努力。
( D )1. Which of the following is a danger for the survival of the kakapo？
A. It is the smallest bird in the world.
B. It lacks exercise and usually stands still.
C. It adapts slowly in genetic development.
D. It can’t respond actively when facing danger.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“When it moves unsteadily across something that might kill it， it will stand still.”可知，当鸮鹦鹉面对危险时，它不能做出积极的反应，这对鸮鹦鹉的生存来说是一种威胁。
( A )2. In what way may the scientists’ patience be rewarded？
A. They hatched 80 kakapos’ eggs this year.
B. They tried to make the rimu tree in fruit this year.
C. Two survivors were moved to enemy－free islands.
D. 50 chicks hatched had survived into adults that year.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The scientists’ patience was finally rewarded…the best breeding season on record.”可知，科学家们的耐心得到了回报，今年有80多只雏鸟破壳而出。
( A )3. Why did the scientists put kakapo in different islands？
A. To stop closely－related kakapos mating.
B. To increase the population of kakapo.
C. To stop females mating with males.
D. To hatch more kakapos’ eggs.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，鸮鹦鹉面临的另一个危险是缺乏遗传多样性。这就是只有不到一半的鸮鹦鹉蛋孵化的原因之一。通过整理每只活鸟的基因组，科学家可以识别出亲缘关系很近的个体，并把它们放在不同的岛屿上。由此可知，科学家们把鸮鹦鹉放在不同的岛屿上，是为了阻止近亲鸮鹦鹉交配。
( D )4. According to the author， the efforts to protect the kakapo in New Zealand are .
A. successful
B. unsafe
C. doubtful
D. inadequate
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，鸮鹦鹉的未来看起来仍然不安全，一种严重的疾病在鸟群中肆虐。尽管鸮鹦鹉的数量很少，但它们生活的这两个岛屿上的空间已经所剩无几。由此可推知，作者认为保护新西兰鸮鹦鹉的努力还不够。
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
High on the Qinghai－Tibet Plateau lies China’s “Water Tower”—Sanjiangyuan. 1 The three rivers： the Yellow River， the Yangtze River and the Lancang River， provide water for about half the population of China. However， human activities such as overgrazing (过度放牧) are putting this ecosystem at risk.
2 In 2016， the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park， which was a pilot(试行) programme for China’s national park system. 3 Due to the progress made in the region， Qinghai held the first National Park Forum on 19 August.
Sanjiangyuan National Park is a model of eco－protection. 4 For example， herdsmen have given their grasslands to nature and resettled in urban areas. As for wildlife， they are monitored by field conservation stations to keep the environment in good condition.
The idea of a national park system is still new in China， but it must be realised. As President Xi wrote in the congratulatory letter to the forum， “Building an ecological civilisation bears great significance in the development and progress of human civilisation.” With great efforts，people may one day be able to enjoy themselves in the vast lands of Sanjiangyuan and run freely across the plains alongside nature’s animals. 5
A. Hopefully， though， we have realised the damage.
B. It’s home to the headwater of China’s three big rivers.
C. Unfortunately， the situation has got worse and worse.
D. It attracts visitors with its fantastic nature beauty and various wildlife.
E. The park has increased the area’s green coverage and attracted more wildlife.
F. Hopefully， the success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a greener future.
G. The local government has different ways of slowing environmental degradation.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国将建立以三江源为源头的国家公园系统及其重要意义。
1. B
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据前句“High on the Qinghai－Tibet plateau lies China’s ‘Water Tower’— Sanjiangyuan.”和后句“The three rivers： the Yellow River， the Yangtze River and Lancang River”可知，此句具有承上启下的作用。B选项 “它是中国三大河流的源头” 符合上下文语境，选项中it指代上句中的“Sanjiangyuan”，“three big rivers”与下句中的“The three rivers”保持一致。
2. A
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文“However， human activities such as overgrazing (过度放牧) are putting this ecosystem at risk.”和后句“In 2016， the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park， which was a pilot (试行) programme for China’s national park system.”可知，我们已经意识到保护生态环境的重要性。A选项“然而，有希望的是，我们意识到了这种损害”符合上下文语境。
3. E
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据前句“In 2016， the Chinese government established…a pilot (试行) programme for China’s national park system.”和后句“Due to the progress made in the region， Qinghai held the first National Park Forum on 19 August.”可知，我们已经意识到保护生态环境的重要性并取得了进展。E选项“公园增加了该地区的绿色覆盖率，吸引了更多的野生动物”符合上下文语境，选项中“The park”指代前句中的“Sanjiangyuan National Park”。
4. G
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据后文“For example， herdsmen have given their grasslands to nature and resettled in urban areas…in good condition.”可知，这是保护环境所采取的措施。G选项“当地政府有各种减缓环境恶化的方法”符合上下文语境。
5. F
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据本段首句“The idea of a national park system is still new in China， but it must be realised.”和前句“With great efforts，people may one day be able to enjoy themselves in the vast lands of Sanjiangyuan and run freely across the plains alongside nature’s animals.”可知，建立国家公园系统的想法在中国仍然是新颖的，环境保护的努力只是一个开始。有朝一日，人们可以欣赏三江源的美景，与野生动物共同奔跑在平原上。F选项“三江源的成功有望标志着一个更加绿色的未来的开始”符合语境。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Christmas Island， which is barely a tiny spot on the world map， sits about 402 kilometres south off the coast of Central Java， and 2，655 kilometres from Perth， the nearest western Australian city. Technically， it’s part of Australia， but you’d never know it from its location.
Christmas Island got its name from Captain William Mynors， an English sailor who accidentally landed on this unknown land on Christmas Day in 1643， though it wasn’t until the late 1800s that the island was properly surveyed.
With its warm temperatures and high rainfall， Christmas Island is home to all sorts of wildlife. Nearly two－thirds of the island is national park land， which is highly popular with bird－watchers.
No matter where you end up in the forest， you won’t be short on sightseeing spots. Hugh’s Dale Waterfall is eye－catching， and can only be reached by hiking through the rainforest. Once you arrive at the falls， go ahead and take a shower under the crashing water—not only is it clean enough to drink， it’s held sacred by local Buddhists， who believe it’s the centre of the island’s “water universe”.
Most people come for the beaches. Since the island is so small and has remained in its natural state for so long， all kinds of colourful fish can be found swimming around the island’s tropical reef. You might find yourself swimming with the world’s largest fish， the whale shark， which visits Christmas Island from November to April.
To get to Christmas Island， you’ll need to fly in from Perth or Fiji. Click here for more information.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚的圣诞岛。圣诞岛位于爪哇中部海岸以南约402千米处，距离最近的西澳大利亚城市珀斯2，655千米。
( C )1. Which of the following can NOT be done on Christmas Island？
A.Watch wild birds.
B. Drink fresh water.
C. Cycle to Hugh’s Dale Waterfall.
D. Swim with a whale shark.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “Hugh’s Dale Waterfall is eye－catching， and can only be reached by hiking through the rainforest.”可知，要去Hugh’s Dale瀑布，只能徒步穿越雨林。
( D )2. What can we infer from the passage？
A. Central Java is a city in Australia.
B. Christmas Island is cold and wet all year round.
C. It is very dangerous to travel on Christmas Island.
D. There are many wonderful sights in the forest on the island.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “No matter where you end up in the forest， you won’t be short on sightseeing spots.”可推知，岛上的森林里有许多美丽的景色。
( B )3. Where is the passage most probably taken from？
A. A sport magazine.
B. A website.
C. A TV show.
D. A movie review.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Click here for more information.”可推知，这篇文章最有可能来自一个网站。click“点击”是解题关键。
B
The victims were carried in one by one， their paws and fur burnt， suffering from dehydration and fear. Their caretakers bandaged their wounds， wrapped them and laid them in baskets with the only thing that was familiar—the leaves of a eucalyptus tree (桉树).
As catastrophic fires have burnt more than two million acres in Australia， dozens of koalas have been rescued from burning trees and ashen ground. The animals， already threatened as a species before these latest fires destroyed an essential habitat， are being treated in rescue centres， and at least one private home， along the country’s east coast.
The difficult situation of the koala—a national symbol of Australia—has raised questions among conservationists and scientists about what it will take to preserve biodiversity in a country increasingly exposed to intense fire， extreme heat and water scarcity， and which already has among the highest rates of species extinction in the world.
While koalas have evolved to exist alongside wildfires， the animals are facing new threats not just from climate change but also from human development， which has dislocated local populations， damaging their ability to survive fires. In some regions， scientists say， koalas’ numbers have declined by up to 80 percent， though it is difficult to know how many remain across Australia.
“We have these unique animals not found anywhere else on this planet， and we’re killing them，” said Cheyne Flanagan， the clinical director of the Koala Hospital， the only facility of its kind in the world. “This is a big wake－up call.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了森林火灾肆虐，澳大利亚的考拉面临死亡威胁的情况。人们积极努力，拯救那些无法逃离火灾的受害者——考拉。
( A )4. What happened to koalas after the catastrophic fires in Australia？
A. The koalas were taken good care of after being rescued.
B. Most of koalas have been rescued from burning trees.
C. The victims only suffered from severe burns and a lack of water.
D. Koalas have been listed among the highest rates of species extinction.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，数十只考拉从燃烧的树木和焦黑的地面上获救，并在救援中心和该国东海岸的至少一家私人收养所中接受治疗。由此可知，火灾后获救的考拉得到了很好的照顾。
( A )5. Which of the following threats koalas face is NOT mentioned in the passage？
A. Illegal hunting.
B. Fires in the wild.
C. Human development.
D. Climate change.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “to preserve biodiversity in a country increasingly exposed to intense fire， extreme heat and water scarcity” 可知，在一个日益遭受严重火灾、极端高温和缺水的国家，须保护生物多样性；根据第四段中的 “While koalas have evolved to exist alongside wildfires…damaging their ability to survive fires.” 可知， 考拉已经进化到可以与森林大火共存，但它们不仅面临着来自气候变化的新威胁，也面临着人类发展的新威胁。由此可知，威胁考拉生存的原因包括火灾、人类发展和气候变化。A项非法捕猎未提及。
( D )6. What’s the author’s attitude towards the situation of Koala？
A. Tolerant. B. Supportive.
C. Indifferent. D. Worried.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，考拉医院的临床主任Cheyne Flanagan 对于现在的情况表达出了自己的担忧之情。人类正在杀死这些独一无二的动物，这对人类来说是个警钟。因此判断出，作者对现在考拉的情况很担心。
( D )7. What might be the best title for the passage？
A. Climate Changes—A Big Wake－up Call
B. Koala—A National Symbol of Australia
C. Catastrophic Wildfires Burning in Australia
D. Saving the Fire Victims Who Cannot Flee
【解析】 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了森林火灾肆虐，澳大利亚考拉面临死亡威胁。人们积极努力，拯救火灾的受害者——澳大利亚的考拉。
Ⅱ. 书面表达
旅游景点介绍
文体感知
介绍旅游景点就是对旅游景点的介绍说明，属于说明文。注意事项如下：
1. 理清所要介绍的旅游景点是什么，具有哪些重要性或历史意义；
2. 明确文章结构：
第一部分，交代清楚所要介绍的景点， 包括景点的位置；
第二部分，介绍景点的路线和风景；
第三部分，对景点进行总结和评价。
3. 找准时态与人称，理清写作顺序。
【素材】
请你根据下列提示，写一篇介绍华山的英语短文。
提示：1. 华山位于陕西省华阴市，是我国著名的“五岳”之一；
2. 华山有五座山峰，分别为东峰、西峰、南峰、北峰和中峰；
3. 人们可以步行上山，也可以乘索道或缆车上山。
参考词汇：五岳 Five Sacred Mountains
索道 ropeway 缆车 cable car
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 说明文
话题 介绍华山
时态 一般现在时
人称 第三人称
【词汇】
1. 坐落于；位于 located
2. 山峰；顶峰 peak
3. 国内外 at home and abroad
4. 传说 legend
5. 瀑布 waterfall
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)华山位于陕西省华阴市境内。
Mount Hua is located in Huayin， Shaanxi Province.
(2)华山作为中国“五岳”之一而闻名于国内外。
It is famous at home and abroad as one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China.
(3)华山有五座山峰，分别为东峰、西峰、南峰、北峰和中峰， 每座山峰都有一个独特的传说。
It has five main peaks： the East Peak， the West Peak， the South Peak， the North Peak and the Middle Peak， and each of them has an unusual legend .
(4)山脚下，首先吸引你的是瀑布。
At the foot of the mountain， the waterfalls will first attract your attention .
(5)到达山顶， 你会看到云海。
When you arrive at the top， you can look out over a sea of clouds .
(6)你可以步行上山， 也可以乘索道或缆车上山， 沿途你可以欣赏到美丽的自然风光。
You can climb to the top on foot ， taking the ropeway ， or riding in a cable car， and along the way you can enjoy beautiful natural scenes .
2. 句式升级
(1)把第1小题中的句(1)和(2)合并成一个含有分词短语的句子。
Located in Huayin， Shaanxi Province ， Mount Hua is famous at home and abroad as one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China.
(2)把第1小题中的句(3)改成一个非限制性定语从句。
It has five main peaks： the East Peak， the West Peak， the South Peak， the North Peak and the Middle Peak， each of which has an unusual legend .
(3)把第1小题中的句(5)改成简单句，使用现在分词短语作状语。
Arriving at the top ， you can look out over a sea of clouds .
【妙笔成篇】
Located in Huayin， Shaanxi Province， Mount Hua is famous at home and abroad as one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China. It has five main peaks ： the East Peak， the West Peak， the South Peak， the North Peak and the Middle Peak， each of which has an unusual legend.
At the foot of the mountain， the waterfalls will first attract your attention. Arriving at the top， you can look out over a sea of clouds. You can climb to the top on foot， taking the ropeway， or riding in a cable car， and along the way you can enjoy beautiful natural scenes.
Now it is attracting more and more people， why not pay a visit there？
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.＋－ation→n.
found→ foundation n.创建；基础；地基
adapt→ adaptation n.适应；改编本
【v.＋－ation→n.拓展】
expect→ expectation n.预料；预期；期待
relax→ relaxation n.放松；休息；消遣
present→ presentation n.提交；授予；颁发
recommend→ recommendation n.提议；推荐
transport→ transportation n.运输
tempt→ temptation n.引诱；诱惑
inform→ information n.消息；信息
2. en－＋n.→vt.
title→ entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利
courage→ encourage vt.鼓励；激励
【en－＋n.→vt.拓展】
slave→ enslave vt.奴役；使成为奴隶
cage→ encage vt.把……关入笼中
case→ encase vt.把……装箱
roll→ enroll vt.登记；注册；使加入
train→ entrain vt.上火车
danger→ endanger vt.危及；危害
3. n./adj.＋－dom→n.
free→ freedom n.自由；不受……影响的状态
wise→ wisdom n.智慧；才智
【n./adj.＋－dom→n.拓展】
bore→ boredom n.厌烦；厌倦
king→ kingdom n.王国；领域
chief→ chiefdom n.首领身份
beggar → beggardom n.乞丐身份
4. adj.(去t/te)＋－cy→n.
frequent→ frequency n.发生率；重复率；(声波或电磁波振动的)频率
fluent→ fluency n.流利；熟练自如；流畅
【adj.去(t/te)＋－cy→n.拓展】
private→ privacy n.隐私；私密
emergent→ emergency n.突发事件；紧急情况
efficient→ efficiency n.效率；效能；功效
accurate→ accuracy n.准确(性)；精确(程度)
consistent→ consistency n.一致性；连贯性
5. v.(e结尾)＋(去e)－ion→n.
vibrate→ vibration n.震动；颤动；抖动
distribute→ distribution n.分布；分配；分发
【v.(e结尾)＋(去e)－ion→n.拓展】
liberate→ liberation n.解放
accomodate→ accomodation n.住宿
imitate→ imitation n.模仿
communicate→ communication n.通信；交流
operate→ operation n.手术；(有组织的)活动；运转
celebrate→ celebration n.庆祝
6. a＋n.＋of→表示数量的短语
a flock of 一群(羊或鸟)
a handful of 少数；一把
a couple of 两个；一对
a pile of 一堆；一叠
a bunch of 一捆；一束
a group of 一群；一队
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. A b utcher is a shopkeeper who cuts up and sells meat.
2. A h erb is a plant whose leaves are used in cooking to add flavour to food， or as a medicine.
3. The teacher together with his assistants has analysed ten cell s amples during the past two months in the school lab.
4. Let me put it more straightforwardly (straightforward).
5. As we often read about it in fairy tales when we were children， the prince was turned into a f rog by the witch.
6. The a rrow on the sign indicates the way to go.
7. Every worker will be e ntitled to four weeks’ paid holiday a year.
8. The exhibition was s ponsored by the Society of Culture.
9. He broke the law and had to endure six months’ loss of l iberty .
10. The government will provide t emporary accommodation for up to three thousand people who have lost their homes in the flood.
11. The wedding marked the beginning of a new p hase in Emma’s life.
12. This tree looks high and strong but actually its t runk is h ollow ， inside which three little squirrels made a home in it.
13. Two policemen held up a truck so as to inspect the driver’s l icense .
14. When he was sent to p rison ， he really felt he had let down his parents.
15. They’ve built a high f ence all round to keep intruders out.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 总理说， 经过长期的政治斗争， 他们终于赢得了自由，见证了一个崭新的独立国家的建立。一场盛大的庆典将会在广场举行。
The Prime Minister said that after a long political struggle， they finally won their freedom and witnessed the foundation of a new and independent country. A grand celebration will be held in the square.
2. 台湾， 位于中国东南沿海的大陆架上， 西隔台湾海峡与福建省相望。它是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
Taiwan， located on the continental shelf of China’s southeast coast， faces Fujian Province across the Taiwan Strait in the west. It is an indivisible part of China’s domain .
3. 那个地区的暴力事件发生的频率越来越高， 警察和当地群众采取联合行动， 逮捕了犯罪分子，其中的几个人已经被关进了监狱。
Violence in that area became more and more frequent . Police and local people took joint action to arrest criminals， a handful of whom had already been put in prison .
4. Tom和他的朋友们上周末去了刚开的一家游乐场玩。他们玩了很多项目，包括潜水、皮划艇、蹦极。女孩子们甚至还捉到了几只漂亮的蝴蝶做标本。然后他们又选了一处非常美丽的地方开了个烧烤聚会。他们玩得特别开心。
Tom and his friends went to a new amusement park last weekend. They played a lot of sports， including diving ， kayaking ， bungee jumping . The girls even caught some beautiful butterflies as samples . Then they chose a very beautiful place to have a barbecue party. They had a great time.
5. 鸭嘴兽原产于位于赤道以南的塔斯马尼亚岛以及澳大利亚的南部与东部， 是最原始的有着独特生物学特性的哺乳动物之一。它们常把窝建造在沼泽或河流的岸边并将卵产于巢内。经过两个星期的孵化， 小鸭嘴兽诞生了。四个月大时， 它们就有能力在水中捕食。
Platypus is one of the most primitive mammals with unique biology ， which is native to Tasmania and the south and east of Australia， located to the south of the equator . They often build their nests on the banks of swamps or rivers， where they lay eggs. After two weeks of hatching ， little duckbill is born. At the age of four months， they have the capacity to find food in the water.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. Abandoned (abandon) to smoking， he gradually developed lung cancer and died young.
2. The book based (base) on the author’s own experience tells the rise and decline of four famous royal families.
3. Back from his two－year service in the army， Mr Lee was very happy to see his father taken (take) good care of at home.
4. Please keep us informed (inform) of the latest developments.
5. Not given (give) a chance， he felt disappointed.
6. The bottle containing (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory.
7. When I went in the clinic， I saw the patient being examined (examine) by the doctor.
8. I received a letter asking (ask) for more information about our products.
9. He let out my secret. He made it known (know) to all.
10. The mobile phone lying (lie) on the desk belongs to me.
11. At this moment the bell rang， announcing (announce) the end of the class.
12. Having been given (give) a satisfactory operation， the patient recovered from illness very quickly.
13. Compared (compare) with the old one， the new house looks brighter.
14. People living (live) in the south have their house made (make) in bamboo.
15. The workers had the machines running (run) all night long to finish the work on time.
16. A person learning (learn) a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language.
17. Knowledge obtained (obtain) too easily will be soon forgotten.
18. The result of the test was rather disappointing (disappoint).
19. A beggar died of cold， leaving (leave) his body exposed.
20. When he woke up， he found himself surrounded (surround) by strangers.
