Unit 3 Sea Exploration
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. There is a romantic folk t for that day about the meeting of cowherd and weaving girl (牛郎和织女).
2. The troops have been w from the danger area to avoid more injuries and deaths.
3. He bargained with the m for an hour before he bought the blanket.
4. It’s confirmed that the expressway will be e to our town.
5. The (negotiate) broke down because one side refused to play the game.
6. The agreement strengthened the b between the two countries.
7. He came to the street in which he had first (behold) Sue.
8. The fishing f sails from the bay every morning.
9. I was elected an Excellent L Member for three academic years.
10. The ship went through the English C fast.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
withdraw from for the benefit of
in return for in years to come
in hand reach out
search for in a league of one’s own
set sail under the command of
1. We have brought down prices of medicines the people.
2. Why did he the race？ He has a good chance of winning the championship.
3. The army is General Lee.
4. Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than answers.
5. The ship will for London at once.
6. The Olympic organisers say that matters are well .
7. I sent him a present his help.
8. While passengers love to complain about taxi drivers， the drivers of New York are .
9. Particularly at such difficult times， China has to the United States.
10. They may well regret the decision .
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
点睛：(1)“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”结构如果同时符合下列两个条件，则不定式是主动形式表被动意义：①表语是表示性质的形容词； ②主语是to do的逻辑宾语。
(2)当这种结构中不定式的主动形式表被动意义时，不定式必须是及物动词，否则后面要加相应的介词。
【即学即练】
(1)这些苹果很难够得到。
.
(2)这水不宜喝。
.
(3)这个婴儿很难照看。
.
(4)我很高兴被邀请去参加她的聚会。
.
(5)他很满意被有尊严地对待。
.
2. 原句：In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road.
【即学即练】
(1)You may depend on that they will support your proposal.
(2)I know nothing except he left home early that morning.
(3)The first prize should go to writes best.
(4)We are talking about we should admit students into our club.
(5)The new book is about the manned spaceship was sent up into space.
(6)The boy was interested in he saw here.
Ⅳ. 完形填空
It was a beautiful， sunny summer day. I was on vacation in Sanya with my family.
Holidaymakers 1 the beach. Shouts and cheers filled my ears. My mother was sitting under a big 2 ， reading a book and drinking lemonade. My father was playing volleyball on the 3 sands. Walking along the beach， I could feel a cool summer breeze 4 my cheeks. So eager was I to explore the world in the 5 of sea that I took off my ring I got as a gift from my parents for graduation [beautiful， gold， inscribed (刻字的)， full of emotional value] and 6 it in the cup holder of a foldable chair. Beach day continued， and we packed up and 7 back to the hotel. Upon arrival， I suddenly 8 what I’d done—my ring wasn’t on my finger. Panic 9 .
We raced back to the beach with only 20 minutes to 10 before sunset. Get to the beach and locate the general area I laid out earlier. We searched it thoroughly， but without luck. My heart 11 and tears rolled down my cheeks. Learning what happened， about 25 strangers in the area got down on their hands and knees to help my sobbing self search for my ring. And they helped me to the 12 . Suddenly someone stood up and shouted to me “I found it.”
They all 13 around me so happy and congratulatory as though they had won the lottery. My tears of 14 turned into tears of joy and thankfulness for the amazing effort put forth by this unfamiliar face.
Just as Marianne Williamson 15 it， we experience love as kindness， giving， forgiveness， peace， joy and acceptance. Love can show up in a million different forms.
( )1. A. arrived B. crowded
C. deserted D. existed
( )2. A. roof B. shadow
C. umbrella D. sky
( )3. A. cutting B. freezing
C. moving D. burning
( )4. A. brush B. strike
C. impress D. seize
( )5. A. depth B. length
C. strength D. growth
( )6. A. placed B. hid
C. remained D. found
( )7. A. headed B. flew
C. escaped D. reached
( )8. A. declared B. ignored
C. shared D. realised
( )9. A. set in B. set up
C. set aside D. set out
( )10. A. waste B. spare
C. save D. rescue
( )11. A. hurt B. crashed
C. sank D. suffered
( )12. A. course B. shore
C. end D. distance
( )13. A. assisted B. argued
C. confirmed D. gathered
( )14. A. appreciation B. expectation
C. ignorance D. loss
( )15. A. goes B. creates
C. puts D. expands
Ⅴ. 课文语法填空
Reaching out Across the Sea
Trade and curiosity have often formed the 1 (found) of mankind’s greatest achievements. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers 2 (search) for sea routes from west to east. However， merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus 3 (do). A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean， 4 (centre) around Ceylon.
Later， the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Seven large 5 (fleet) sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. 6 the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea and eventually to the east coast of Africa. To reach out across the sea remains 7 strong desire today. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， 8 is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
China has also joined 9 (it) friends across the sea on other important projects. With the 10 (late) technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
1.
2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9.
10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. You have added too much liquid to the (mix).
2. Tom decided to pick up teaching as a p after graduating from college.
3. His victory in the (锦标赛) earned him $50，000.
4. I suspect that he was dismissed for (politics) reasons.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——复习动词不定式
1. 单句语法填空
(1) (get) to the station in time， we’ll set off one hour earlier than usual.
(2)I consider it a pity for you not (attend) our party.
(3)I know where (go) but I don’t know how (get) there.
(4)You appear (travel) to quite a lot of places around the world.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)为了在晚上保持温暖，我会往炉子里添柴，并把闹钟定到午夜，以便我可以重新添柴。
， I would fill the woodstove， then set my alarm clock for midnight， so I could refill it.
(2)给你添了这么多麻烦，真抱歉。
I am sorry .
(3)有时候，鸟叫声是一种让其他鸟离开的警告。
Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds .
(4)我们觉得使我们的国家变得更好是我们的责任。
We feel it our duty .
(5)这两个女孩长得如此相像，以至于陌生人发现很难将其中一个与另外一个区分开来。
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult .
(6)表达想法的能力和想法本身一样重要。
is as important as the idea itself.
(7)一个月没下雨了，庄稼很难生长。
It hasn’t rained for a month， .
(8)他急忙赶到学校，结果发现那儿没人。
He hurried to the school， .
Ⅲ. 完形填空
A Learnt Man Always Has a Lot of
Riches in Himself
Simonides， a famous Greek poet， once made a tour around the well－known cities of Asia. Years later， he decided to 1 to his native land by sea.
However， he boarded on a ship， which got 2 in a terrible storm. Together with its own poor condition， the ship began to sink into the sea. Some passengers were busy 3 together their bags， and their 4 belongings. To everyone’s surprise， Simonides was a(n) 5 . One who was extremely curious， asked， “Are you going to save 6 of your property， Simonides？” He made a reply： “All my possessions are 7 me.”
While a few made their escape by swimming， the majority being weighed down by their burdens， disappeared in the sea. 8 ， some thieves made their appearance， and stole 9 the few lucky people had saved， leaving them nothing.
Clazomenae， an ancient city， chanced to be near the beach. Here lived a wealthy man 10 the pursuits (追求) of literature. He had often read the poems of Simonides， and was a very great admirer of him though he had never seen Simonides. 11 ， Simonides was saved by this man shortly after he got to the beach.
Knowing who he was from their brief conversation， the man 12 Simonides into his house with the greatest pleasure， and provided him with clothes， money， and attendants. The other 13 meanwhile were carrying about their bowls， begging for food in the same city. One day， Simonides 14 to meet them. With much sympathy， Simonides remarked， “I told you that all my property was about me； what you have 15 to save is lost now.”
( )1. A. return B. get
C. visit D. come
( )2. A. hit B. caught
C. struck D. seized
( )3. A. gathering B. keeping
C. joining D. carrying
( )4. A. common B. formal
C. precious D. previous
( )5. A. millionaire B. example
C. fool D. exception
( )6. A. nothing B. few
C. none D. no one
( )7. A. about B. around
C. of D. for
( )8. A. In fact B. In brief
C. After all D. Worse still
( )9. A. that B. what
C. which D. when
( )10. A. related to B. adapted to
C. determined to D. devoted to
( )11. A. Unluckily B. Fortunately
C. Naturally D. Frequently
( )12. A. ordered B. forced
C. received D. begged
( )13. A. villagers B. writers
C. stealers D. survivors
( )14. A. hoped B. happened
C. managed D. demanded
( )15. A. struggled B. failed
C. encouraged D. succeeded
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Scientists in England are using two self－directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea.
The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland. The area is known for its unusual sea life. Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.
One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries. It collects information for the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton， England， and the World Wildlife Fund. The vehicle’s low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days. Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.
Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle. He says the vehicle has equipment that can discover small organisms called zooplankton (浮游动物) and fish. He adds that other sensing equipment measures water currents and other features of sea life. The vehicle also creates a map of the sea.
Another vehicle is powered by the sun and the wind. It can stay floating on water for months. The robotic vehicle sends information about the so－called biodiversity hotspots. A biodiversity hotspot is an area of an ocean that has a lot of plants and animal life activities.
Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the Celtic Sea. She says productive ocean areas， like the Celtic Sea， attract zooplankton. The zooplankton then attracts fish. She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.
Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the sea with manned laboratories. Scientists can spend more time analysing the collected information. They say the research will give them a better understanding of the needs of the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.
( )1. Why do the British scientists explore the Celtic Sea？
A. To study the geography of the sea.
B. To learn why the sea is rich in sea life.
C. To test their self－directed water vehicles.
D. To learn about the sea creatures in the sea.
( )2. According to the text，the water vehicles .
A. are controlled directly by humans
B. work depending on the map of the sea
C. can send the information back directly
D. can keep floating on water for a long time
( )3. According to Lavinia Suberg， the sea mammals and birds .
A. are afraid of living alone
B. mainly feed on zooplankton
C. like to live in warm ocean areas
D. are especially interested in fish
( )4. What is the last paragraph mainly about？
A. The aim of sea exploration.
B. The cost of exploring the sea.
C. The importance of the water vehicles.
D. Ways to deal with the collected information.
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. A d is a book which gives lists of facts， such as people’s names， addresses， and telephone numbers， etc.
2. Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise， m ， can reduce its effects.
3. There has been a (migrate) of people from the country to the towns.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
talk of without mercy
be home to take action
vast amounts of be balanced with
1. They shouldn’t kill the injured animals .
2. Modern computers can organise data very quickly.
3. The South American country the world’s most successful and admired national team.
4. Your workout schedule should both strength training and cardio exercises.
5. Yesterday， the firefighters immediately to stop the big fire spreading.
6. He other cultures the other day as if they were more familiar to him than his own.
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice， not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals.
【即学即练】
(1)A large amount of damage (do) in a short time.
(2)Large amounts of damage (do) in a short time.
2. 原句：Plastic pollution is also bad， killing many birds and fish， and has even been found in our tap water.
【即学即练】
(1)The old man sat on the bench， (chat) with his old friend happily.
(2)My sister walked into the room， (hold) a pile of books in her arms.
3. 原句：Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance.
点睛：此处as作为连词，用来引导时间状语从句。此状语从句可替换为“with＋名词＋v.－ing形式”结构。
【即学即练】
随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
(1)The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as .
(2)The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner .
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
I decided to ski to the North Pole. It was after I saw an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole. Back in 1996， there had never been a woman from the UK who had accomplished this challenge. I wondered what it would be like to survive in temperatures cold enough to freeze your flesh in seconds， so I sent off for the application form.
The application form full of pictures of male explorers arrived. The words “Are you man enough for the ultimate challenge？” made me angry and I was even more determined to get on the team.
Over 500 individuals applied for a place in the team， and the selection process included physical and psychological tests designed to pick the best group. In one test， there was a huge rope ladder we had to climb， and I froze at the top because I have a fear of heights. I thought my hopes were fading as most other applicants sailed past， leaving me behind. But two others helped me over， and later I found out that the organisers were not looking for amazing individuals， but great team players， and this moment had shown them who would take care of others in the team.
I revealed my weakness， and in a place like the Arctic， you have to be yourself， as there is nowhere to hide. These personalities of asking for help and showing weakness are necessary for women to master.
I realised that by being myself， I could succeed. I was selected for the team. I realised that I could achieve more than I ever imagined—more importantly， by sharing my story with others， I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities.
( )1. How did the author react on seeing the advertisement？
A. She got cross.
B. She was determined.
C. She got frightened.
D. She was hesitating.
( )2. What did the organisers view as the most important in the selection of new hands？
A. Personal quality.
B. Individual ability.
C. Spirit of teamwork.
D. Courage to challenge.
( )3. What’s the intention of the author in writing this passage？
A. To inspire us to prepare for our future goal.
B. To advise women how to turn to others.
C. To make suggestions to her team members.
D. To encourage people to explore the unknown.
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
Wetland Protection Keeps Ecological Harmony
The ecosystem is like a chain. 1 This is why wetland protection has been put high on the agenda in recent years. A leader of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration， says nearly 60 percent of the country’s natural wetlands are still not under effective protection. Most Chinese people are ignorant about the importance of protecting the wetlands.
2 Wetlands can conserve and purify water resources， prevent flooding and help protect the ecosystem. 3 In recent years， many wetlands have become farmland. Drawing too much underground water， hunting and fishing also ruin their ecological system.
Every year， the wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China provide habitat for birds. 4 They consider the eggs to be a natural gift rather than wildlife that should be protected. If they were educated， perhaps this is one activity that could be brought to an end.
China is now ready to make a plan to save some of these areas. Some have been restored to raise awareness among the public. But these moves are not enough. 5 Environment protection is a campaign which needs support from everyone in society. Education may be the first step.
A. And the ecosystem is very fragile.
B. Some person destroys the trees and the plants.
C. And some local residents search the area for the birds’ eggs.
D. If any of the links is broken， the whole system is in danger.
E. There should be laws in place to provide legal support to the fight.
F. As well as ecological values， they can also offer economical returns.
G. Ocean， forestry and wetlands are the three global ecological systems.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5.
Ⅵ. 语法填空
A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound like a creature straight out of a science fiction film. However， that is exactly 1 four new species of sharks move across the seafloor. They 2 (discover) by a team of scientists during a 12－year study， led by Dr Christine Dudgeon from Australia’s University of Queensland.
The species 3 (find) in the tropical waters near Australia belong to the Hemiscyllium (长尾须鲨属)， the same family as the previously known five species. The sharks have evolved 4 (survive) in low－oxygen environments， enabling them to hunt during low tides. The researchers hold the belief that 5 ability to use fins to walk across the water affords the sharks a great advantage 6 the smaller animals they hunt.
A DNA analysis of skin samples from the live sharks offers 7 (evident) that walking sharks broke away from their gliding brothers and sisters 8 (million) of years ago and gradually became a 9 (complete) different species. Dudgeon and her team believe walking sharks are the 10 (young) kind of sharks on Earth！
1.
2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9.
10.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Some people call it a travelling museum. Others refer to it as a living or open－air museum. Built in Brazil to honour Columbus’ first voyage to the New World， the Nina， a Columbus－era replica (复制品) ship， provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus’ favourite ship from over 500 years ago.
I joined the crew of the Nina in Gulf Shores， Alabama， in February 2013. As part of a research project sponsored by my university， my goal was to document my days aboard the ship in a blog. I quickly realised that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school－age children. The field－trip tour of the Nina is hands－on learning at its best. In this setting， students could touch the line， pass around a ballast stone (压舱石)， and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus’ days. They soon came to understand the labour involved in sailing the ship back in his time. I was pleased to see the students become active participants in their learning process.
The Nina is not the only travelling museum that provides such field trips. A visit to Jamestown Settlement， for example， allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers from England to Virginia in the early 1600s. Historical guides， dressed in period costumes， give tours of the Susan Constant， Godspeed， and Discovery. These guides often portray a character that would have lived and worked during that time period. Students touring these ships are encouraged to interact with the guides in order to better understand the daily life in the past.
My experience on the Nina helps testify (证实) my long－held belief that students stay interested， ask better questions， and engage in higher－order thinking tasks when they are actively engaged in the learning process.
The students who boarded the Nina came as passive learners. They left as bold explorers.
( )1. What occupation is the author engaged in？
A. Shipping.
B. Education.
C. Ecological tourism.
D. Museum administration.
( )2. Which of the following is TRUE about the Nina introduced in the passage？
A. She is a replica of a ship that Columbus built in Brazil.
B. She is always crowded with foreign tourists during holidays.
C. She is the boat Columbus sailed in his voyage to the New World.
D. She displays what Columbus’ ship was like and how it operated.
( )3. What does the author mean by the last two sentences of the passage？
A. The students are interested in becoming tour guides.
B. The experience has changed the students’ learning attitude.
C. The students become brave and are ready to sail the seas on their own.
D. The museums are successful in teaching the students survival skills at sea.
B
A number of sperm whales (a kind of whale) were washed up on North Sea shores last year. A total of 30 whales died on British， German， Dutch and French coasts. The whales may belong to a group that came to the North Sea together. While searches for evidence are still being carried out， there is no proof that the deaths were caused by humans. The authorities had problems making the beaches safe as curious tourists arrived to take photos of themselves with the whales.
Scientists are trying to find out why the sperm whales got into the rather shallow North Sea. Normally， they move around in the deeper waters of the Atlantic Ocean， hunting for food at depths of about 1，000 to 1，500 metres. For some unknown reason， they died while hunting squid(乌贼)and couldn’t survive in shallow water. Once they entered the North Sea they couldn’t escape.
Some experts say that sound waves possibly caused by the sound of wind farms may have led the mammals off course. Others claim that solar flares (太阳耀斑) may have interfered with their journey， while another reason may be the lack of food in the Atlantic that made them travel to other areas.
Sperm whales often travel in groups and stay together. The whales that ended up dead in the North Sea were all males. Males move to cooler regions when they become adults，while female sperm whales stay in warmer waters the whole year.
Scientists say that the death of sperm whales in the North Sea does not happen by chance. Records show that several whales have been found on North Sea coasts in the past， and scientists also predict that such incidents are likely to happen more often in the future.
Sperm whales are among the largest mammals in the world and they can weigh up to 45 tons. About 200，000 of them still live in oceans around the world. While it is very difficult to monitor whales in the open ocean， they are watched closely by humans when they get near the shores.
( )4. What do we know about sperm whales from the text？
A. They are social animals and often stay in groups.
B. They are believed to be one of the deepest diving animals.
C. They are now in danger because of human activities.
D. They often travel to warmer waters to hunt for food.
( )5. What is scientists’ opinion on the occurrence of the sperm whales’ death？
A. It is in fact a coincidence.
B. They will be better protected by humans.
C. There might be more such cases in the future.
D. Such deaths often happen in the Atlantic Ocean.
( )6. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Sperm Whales Hunting for Food in the Atlantic Ocean
B. Sperm Whales Washed up on North Sea Coast
C. A Number of Sperm Whales Live in the North Sea
D. Sperm Whales Died Due to Bad Weather
Ⅱ. 书面表达
生态环保类作文
文体感知
生态环保类作文的题目一般提供濒危动物的境况，分析其存在的意义或灭绝的危害和影响，最后都要呼吁人们保护动物、拯救人类赖以生存的地球。
此类写作一般分为三部分：
第一部分， 描述现状；
第二部分， 分析原因或危害；
第三部分， 发出呼吁，提出建议或措施。
【素材】
为拯救海洋生物，联合国将6月8日定为世界海洋日(World Oceans Day)。请你据此写一篇80词左右的英语短文发表在你的英文博客上，呼吁大家共同努力，消除人类活动对海洋造成的破坏，保证人们充分享受海洋给予的恩赐。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 非法地
2. 灭绝
3. 呼吁；号召
4. 努力做某事
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)为拯救这些海洋动植物，联合国将6月8日定为世界海洋日。
， the United Nations has made 8 June World Oceans Day.
(2)大家都应做出努力，这样我们才能尽可能多地受益于海洋。
， and then we can get benefit from the ocean as much as possible.
2. 句式升级
用only＋状语引起的倒装改写第1小题中的句(2)。
.
【妙笔成篇】
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.(d/de结尾)＋(去d/de)－sion→n.
extend→ n.延长部分；伸展
suspend→ n.暂缓；推迟
explode→ n.爆炸；爆破
【v.(d/de结尾)＋(去d/de)－sion→n.拓展】
divide→ n.分开；分隔
comprehend→ n.理解；理解力
conclude→ n.结论；推论
persuade→ n.劝说；说服
invade→ n.入侵；侵略
2. v.＋－ure→n.
mix→ n.混合；结合体；混合物
fail→ n.失败
【v.＋－ure→n.拓展】
fix→ n.固定装置；固定设施
depart→ n.离开；起程
expose→ n.面临；揭露
press→ n.压力；挤压
please→ n.高兴；快乐
3. v.＋－al→n.
withdraw→ n.(使)撤回；撤离
approve→ n.同意；批准
【v.＋－al→n.拓展】
arrive→ n.到达
dispose→ n.去掉；消除；处理
betray→ n.背叛；泄露
dismiss→ n.解雇；开除
propose→ n.建议；提议
refuse→ n.拒绝
remove→ n.移动；调动；免职
survive→ n.幸存
rehearse→ n.排演；排练
4. v.＋－age→n.
cover→ n.新闻报道；覆盖范围
pass→ n.通道；走廊
【v.＋－age→n.拓展】
post→ n.邮资
marry→ n.结婚；婚姻
orphan→ n.孤儿院
pack→ n.包裹；包装
5. v.(－ss结尾)＋－ion→n.
profess→ n.职业；行业
possess→ n.个人财产；拥有；控制
【v.(－ss结尾)＋－ion→n.拓展】
aggress→ n.侵犯；挑衅
confess→ n.认罪；供认
discuss→ n.讨论
impress→ n.印象
6. prep.＋hand→介词短语
in hand
at hand
by hand
on hand
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. He first entered Britain on a six－month visa， and was given a further (extend) of six months.
2. They (behold) a bright star shining in the sky.
3. We can receive up to 500 cable c .
4. A b of friendship was formed between them.
5. Harper (竖琴师) was a teacher by p .
6. We listened to the news with a (mix) of surprise and horror.
7. She never goes anywhere without her l computer.
8. They greeted him with thunderous (applaud).
9. T is money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services.
10. The future for (man) space flight is looking increasingly uncertain.
11. They have led some birds to give up on (migrate).
12. If you are unable to obtain the information you require， consult your telephone d .
13. The family made an official complaint to a ship’s officer， which was recorded in the l .
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 我们都读过马可·波罗的故事。他出生于威尼斯一个富裕的商人家庭。据说马可·波罗17岁时跟随父亲和叔叔启程前往中国， 与元朝的皇室建立了深厚的友谊。
We’ve all read the of Marco Polo. He was born into a wealthy family in Venice. At the age of 17， Marco Polo was said to have for China with his father and uncle， establishing a deep friendship with the family of the Yuan Dynasty.
2. Tom从小非常喜欢高尔夫球，长大后成了一名职业高尔夫球员。上周日，他们队参加了联盟锦标赛。尽管对手非常厉害，他们还是控制住了局面，获得了冠军。
Tom was very fond of when he was young and became a golfer when he grew up. Last Sunday， their team took part in the . Although their were very strong， they still took of the situation and won the championship.
3. 他在记者招待会上的讲话如此出色，所有与会的人都不时地为他鼓掌，媒体对此进行了直播报道。
His speech at the was so excellent that all the people present applauded him from time to time. The media gave it live .
4. 1661年，郑成功率领船队从金门出发，越过台湾海峡。经数次战役后，荷兰殖民者不得不与他进行谈判，撤离台湾。
In 1661， Zheng Chenggong led his to cross the Taiwan from Kinmen. After several battles， the Dutch colonists had to with him and from Taiwan.
5. 为了达到政治目的，他们残忍地逮捕、杀害了他们的反对者，甚至试图谋杀他们的领导人。
In order to achieve goals， they and killed their without ， and even attempted to their leaders.
6. 一方面，海洋资源非常丰富，我们可以合理开发；另一方面，我们更应该做好对珊瑚等海洋生物的保护工作。
On the one hand， resources are very rich， and we can them reasonably. ， we should do a good job in protecting living creatures such as .
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. They decide (have) more workers for the project so that it won’t be delayed.
2. China has become the first country (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.
3. Many of their families were struggling (make) ends meet.
4. The objective of most speeches is (benefit) the audience.
5. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends (get) together.
6. If you’re lucky enough (receive) gifts， keep them in a safe place.
7. Our tour also includes a chance (walk) in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin.
8. In India， particularly outside cities， young women are expected (move) in with their husband’s family when they get married.
9. Higher－income parents tended (have) children play with puzzles more frequently.
10. Everyone in the team makes every effort (ensure) trains run as scheduled.
11. The parents were asked (interact) with their children as they normally would.
12. I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is (open) a caf .
13. On our way to the house， it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take (get) there.
14. (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment， many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
15. Where (go) hasn’t been decided.
16. We are invited to a party (hold) in our club next Friday.
17. Tom was proud (choose) as captain of our school football team.
18. The sign on the wall of the library says， “No magazine is allowed (take) out of the reading room.”
19. An accident happened last night， (cause) seven deaths.Unit 3 Sea Exploration
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. There is a romantic folk t ale for that day about the meeting of cowherd and weaving girl (牛郎和织女).
2. The troops have been w ithdrawn from the danger area to avoid more injuries and deaths.
3. He bargained with the m erchant for an hour before he bought the blanket.
4. It’s confirmed that the expressway will be e xtended to our town.
5. The negotiation (negotiate) broke down because one side refused to play the game.
6. The agreement strengthened the b onds between the two countries.
7. He came to the street in which he had first beheld (behold) Sue.
8. The fishing f leet sails from the bay every morning.
9. I was elected an Excellent L eague Member for three academic years.
10. The ship went through the English C hannel fast.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
withdraw from for the benefit of
in return for in years to come
in hand reach out
search for in a league of one’s own
set sail under the command of
1. We have brought down prices of medicines for the benefit of the people.
2. Why did he withdraw from the race？ He has a good chance of winning the championship.
3. The army is under the command of General Lee.
4. Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.
5. The ship will set sail for London at once.
6. The Olympic organisers say that matters are well in hand .
7. I sent him a present in return for his help.
8. While passengers love to complain about taxi drivers， the drivers of New York are in a league of their own .
9. Particularly at such difficult times， China has reached out to the United States.
10. They may well regret the decision in years to come .
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.
点睛：(1)“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”结构如果同时符合下列两个条件，则不定式是主动形式表被动意义：①表语是表示性质的形容词； ②主语是to do的逻辑宾语。
(2)当这种结构中不定式的主动形式表被动意义时，不定式必须是及物动词，否则后面要加相应的介词。
【即学即练】
(1)这些苹果很难够得到。
These apples are hard to reach .
(2)这水不宜喝。
The water is not fit to drink .
(3)这个婴儿很难照看。
The baby is not easy to look after .
(4)我很高兴被邀请去参加她的聚会。
I am glad to be invited to her party .
(5)他很满意被有尊严地对待。
He is satisfied to be treated with dignity .
2. 原句：In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road.
【即学即练】
(1)You may depend on it that they will support your proposal.
(2)I know nothing except that he left home early that morning.
(3)The first prize should go to whoever writes best.
(4)We are talking about whether we should admit students into our club.
(5)The new book is about how the manned spaceship was sent up into space.
(6)The boy was interested in whatever/what he saw here.
Ⅳ. 完形填空
It was a beautiful， sunny summer day. I was on vacation in Sanya with my family.
Holidaymakers 1 the beach. Shouts and cheers filled my ears. My mother was sitting under a big 2 ， reading a book and drinking lemonade. My father was playing volleyball on the 3 sands. Walking along the beach， I could feel a cool summer breeze 4 my cheeks. So eager was I to explore the world in the 5 of sea that I took off my ring I got as a gift from my parents for graduation [beautiful， gold， inscribed (刻字的)， full of emotional value] and 6 it in the cup holder of a foldable chair. Beach day continued， and we packed up and 7 back to the hotel. Upon arrival， I suddenly 8 what I’d done—my ring wasn’t on my finger. Panic 9 .
We raced back to the beach with only 20 minutes to 10 before sunset. Get to the beach and locate the general area I laid out earlier. We searched it thoroughly， but without luck. My heart 11 and tears rolled down my cheeks. Learning what happened， about 25 strangers in the area got down on their hands and knees to help my sobbing self search for my ring. And they helped me to the 12 . Suddenly someone stood up and shouted to me “I found it.”
They all 13 around me so happy and congratulatory as though they had won the lottery. My tears of 14 turned into tears of joy and thankfulness for the amazing effort put forth by this unfamiliar face.
Just as Marianne Williamson 15 it， we experience love as kindness， giving， forgiveness， peace， joy and acceptance. Love can show up in a million different forms.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在海边度假时，不小心丢了承载着重要意义的戒指，最后在很多陌生人的帮助下找回戒指的故事。
( B )1. A. arrived B. crowded
C. deserted D. existed
【解析】 考查动词。句意：度假者挤满了海滩。根据下文的 “Shouts and cheers filled my ears.” 可知，欢呼声充斥着作者的耳朵，说明人很多，沙滩很拥挤。
( C )2. A. roof B. shadow
C. umbrella D. sky
【解析】 考查名词。句意：我妈妈坐在一把大伞下，一边看书，一边喝柠檬水。根据常识可知，人们应该是坐在遮阳伞下欣赏海景，享受时光。
( D )3. A. cutting B. freezing
C. moving D. burning
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：我爸爸在炙热的沙滩上打排球。根据上文的 “It was a beautiful， sunny summer day.” 可知，这是一个阳光明媚的夏日，沙滩应该会很热。由此可推知，D项burning“灼热的”符合语境。
( A )4. A. brush B. strike
C. impress D. seize
【解析】 考查动词。句意：沿着海滩散步，我能感到一股夏日凉风拂过我的脸颊。根据上文的 “a cool summer breeze” 和其后宾语“my cheeks ”可知，本空格应当是在讲述凉风掠过脸颊。brush有“轻擦；掠过”的意思，符合语境。
( A )5. A. depth B. length
C. strength D. growth
【解析】 考查名词。句意：我是如此渴望去深海里探索世界，以至于我摘下了父母送给我当作毕业礼物的戒指(漂亮的金色戒指，上面刻着字，充满了情感价值)，并把它放在了折叠椅的杯架里。in the depth of sea 意为“在海洋的深处”，是常见搭配。
( A )6. A. placed B. hid
C. remained D. found
【解析】 考查动词。句意同上题。根据下文的 “in the cup holder of a foldable chair”可知，作者应该是将戒指放在了可折叠椅子的杯架里。
( A )7. A. headed B. flew
C. escaped D. reached
【解析】 考查动词。句意：海滩日还在继续，我们收拾行李，返回酒店。根据上文“packed up” 并结合常识可知，收拾好东西之后作者一家应当会返回酒店。head back to 为固定短语，意为“返回”。
( D )8. A. declared B. ignored
C. shared D. realised
【解析】 考查动词。句意：到达酒店后，我突然意识到我做了什么——我的戒指没有戴在手上。根据下文 “my ring wasn’t on my finger” 可知，作者回到酒店后发现戒指没有在手上，才意识到事情的严重性。
( A )9. A. set in B. set up
C. set aside D. set out
【解析】 考查动词短语。句意：(我)开始恐慌了。根据主语 “Panic”可知，作者在看到戒指不见了后，一定会开始恐慌。set in意为“(不愉快的事)开始；来临”，符合语境。
( B )10. A. waste B. spare
C. save D. rescue
【解析】 考查动词。句意：我们跑回海滩，离日落只有20分钟了。根据下文的 “before sunset” 可知，作者一家是在日落之前返回了海滩。with…to spare 表示“还剩……”，是固定短语。
( C )11. A. hurt B. crashed
C. sank D. suffered
【解析】 考查动词。句意：我的心情沉重，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。根据上文 “We searched it thoroughly， but without luck.” 可知，作者并没有找到戒指，且下文说作者哭了，因此可判断出作者的心情很沉重。
( C )12. A. course B. shore
C. end D. distance
【解析】 考查名词。句意：他们帮我到最后。根据下文的 “shouted to me ‘I found it.’”可知，这些人帮作者找到了戒指。“help sb to the end” 是固定短语，表示“帮助某人到底”。
( D )13. A. assisted B. argued
C. confirmed D. gathered
【解析】 考查动词。句意：他们聚集在我周围，兴高采烈地祝贺我，就好像他们中了彩票一样。根据下文 “around me” 可知，找到戒指后，人们应是都围绕在“我” 身边。“gather around sb” 为固定短语，意为“聚集在某人周围”。
( D )14. A. appreciation B. expectation
C. ignorance D. loss
【解析】 考查名词。句意：我因失落而流的泪水因为这张陌生的面孔所做出的惊人努力变成了喜悦和感激的泪水。联系语境可知，眼泪刚开始是因为失去了戒指，而之后面对陌生人帮自己找到了戒指，作者心里会充满了感激之情。
( C )15. A. goes B. creates
C. puts D. expands
【解析】 考查动词。句意：正如玛丽安·威廉姆森所说，我们体验到的爱是善良、给予、宽恕、和睦、欢乐和接纳。“just as sb puts it” 是固定搭配，意为“正如某人所说”。
Ⅴ. 课文语法填空
Reaching out Across the Sea
Trade and curiosity have often formed the 1 (found) of mankind’s greatest achievements. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers 2 (search) for sea routes from west to east. However， merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus 3 (do). A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean， 4 (centre) around Ceylon.
Later， the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Seven large 5 (fleet) sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. 6 the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea and eventually to the east coast of Africa. To reach out across the sea remains 7 strong desire today. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， 8 is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
China has also joined 9 (it) friends across the sea on other important projects. With the 10 (late) technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
1. foundation
【解析】 考查名词。句意：贸易和好奇心通常是人类最伟大成就的基础。由设空格前的the和设空格后的of可知，此处需要填入名词形式。
2. to search
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此空格需要用非谓语形式。inspire sb to do sth意为“激励某人做某事”。
3. did
【解析】 考查时态。句意：然而，在哥伦布航海之前很多年，东方的商人和探险家就从东方向西方航行了。根据语境可知，描述的事发生在过去。
4. centred/centring
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处表示“一个横跨海洋的贸易路线沿着印度洋的海岸延伸，以锡兰为中心”。表示“以……为中心”时，centre around…＝ be centred around…。作状语时，既可用过去分词，也可用现在分词。
5. fleets
【解析】 考查名词的数。fleet意为“舰队”，是可数名词。根据空格前的“Seven”可知，此处应用复数形式。
6. Under
【解析】 考查介词。此处表示“在郑和的指挥下”。under the command of 意为“在……的指挥下”，是固定搭配。
7. a
【解析】 考查冠词。句意：如今，穿越海洋仍然是一个强烈的愿望。desire意为“愿望”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，它的发音是以辅音音素开头的，因此用不定冠词a。
8. which
【解析】 考查定语从句引导词。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， 指物，关系词在从句中做主语。
9. its
【解析】 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此空格需要修饰friends，应用形容词性物主代词。
10. latest
【解析】 考查形容词。此处表示“在掌握最新技术的情况下”。分析句子结构可知，此空格需要修饰名词 technology， 意为“最新的”。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. You have added too much liquid to the mixture (mix).
2. Tom decided to pick up teaching as a p rofession after graduating from college.
3. His victory in the tournament (锦标赛) earned him $50，000.
4. I suspect that he was dismissed for political (politics) reasons.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——复习动词不定式
1. 单句语法填空
(1) To get (get) to the station in time， we’ll set off one hour earlier than usual.
(2)I consider it a pity for you not to have attended (attend) our party.
(3)I know where to go (go) but I don’t know how to get (get) there.
(4)You appear to have travelled (travel) to quite a lot of places around the world.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)为了在晚上保持温暖，我会往炉子里添柴，并把闹钟定到午夜，以便我可以重新添柴。
To stay warm at night ， I would fill the woodstove， then set my alarm clock for midnight， so I could refill it.
(2)给你添了这么多麻烦，真抱歉。
I am sorry to have given you so much trouble .
(3)有时候，鸟叫声是一种让其他鸟离开的警告。
Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away .
(4)我们觉得使我们的国家变得更好是我们的责任。
We feel it our duty to make our country a better place .
(5)这两个女孩长得如此相像，以至于陌生人发现很难将其中一个与另外一个区分开来。
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other .
(6)表达想法的能力和想法本身一样重要。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
(7)一个月没下雨了，庄稼很难生长。
It hasn’t rained for a month， making the crops hard to grow .
(8)他急忙赶到学校，结果发现那儿没人。
He hurried to the school， only to find nobody there .
Ⅲ. 完形填空
A Learnt Man Always Has a Lot of
Riches in Himself
Simonides， a famous Greek poet， once made a tour around the well－known cities of Asia. Years later， he decided to 1 to his native land by sea.
However， he boarded on a ship， which got 2 in a terrible storm. Together with its own poor condition， the ship began to sink into the sea. Some passengers were busy 3 together their bags， and their 4 belongings. To everyone’s surprise， Simonides was a(n) 5 . One who was extremely curious， asked， “Are you going to save 6 of your property， Simonides？” He made a reply： “All my possessions are 7 me.”
While a few made their escape by swimming， the majority being weighed down by their burdens， disappeared in the sea. 8 ， some thieves made their appearance， and stole 9 the few lucky people had saved， leaving them nothing.
Clazomenae， an ancient city， chanced to be near the beach. Here lived a wealthy man 10 the pursuits (追求) of literature. He had often read the poems of Simonides， and was a very great admirer of him though he had never seen Simonides. 11 ， Simonides was saved by this man shortly after he got to the beach.
Knowing who he was from their brief conversation， the man 12 Simonides into his house with the greatest pleasure， and provided him with clothes， money， and attendants. The other 13 meanwhile were carrying about their bowls， begging for food in the same city. One day， Simonides 14 to meet them. With much sympathy， Simonides remarked， “I told you that all my property was about me； what you have 15 to save is lost now.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位诗人Simonides在坐船返乡时遇到风暴，当别人收拾贵重物品时，他却没有，后来被一个仰慕他的、爱好文学的有钱人救起的故事。逃生的人在乞讨，而这个诗人却过着快乐的生活。
( A )1. A. return B. get
C. visit D. come
【解析】 考查动词。句意：多年以后，他决定乘船回到祖国。根据下文 “to his native land”可知，此处指Simonides 决定返回祖国。
( B )2. A. hit B. caught
C. struck D. seized
【解析】 考查动词。句意：然而，他乘坐的船遭遇了一场可怕的风暴。get caught in 是固定短语，表示“遭遇；遇到”。
( A )3. A. gathering B. keeping
C. joining D. carrying
【解析】 考查动词。句意：一些乘客正忙着收拾他们的行李和珍贵的物品。根据下文的 “together their bags”并结合常识可知，在遇到危险时，人们一定是收拾行李准备逃生。
( C )4. A. common B. formal
C. precious D. previous
【解析】 考查形容词。句意同上题。根据常识可知，在遭遇灾难时，人们一定会首先收拾贵重的东西。
( D )5. A. millionaire B. example
C. fool D. exception
【解析】 考查名词。句意：令大家惊讶的是，Simonides 是个例外。根据上文的 “To everyone’s surprise”可知，Simonides 和其他人的行为不一样，因此一定是个例外了。
( C )6. A. nothing B. few
C. none D. no one
【解析】 考查代词。根据下文的 “of your property”可知，此处是在讨论这位诗人的财产问题。他并没有像其他人一样忙着收拾财产，那么这里指的是他什么财产也不打算带走。
( A )7. A. about B. around
C. of D. for
【解析】 考查介词。句意：他回答说：“我所有的财产就是我自己。”根据文章最后一段的最后一句“all my property was about me”可知，此处还是说的这个意思，属于原词复现。
( D )8. A. In fact B. In brief
C. After all D. Worse still
【解析】 考查短语。句意：更糟糕的是，一些小偷出现了，偷走了那几个幸运儿剩下的东西，什么也没留下。联系上文可知，一些人因为沉重的包袱而消失在了海里，而下文则说仅有的幸存者的财产又被偷走了。因此前后文是递进关系。
( B )9. A. that B. what
C. which D. when
【解析】 考查宾语从句引导词。句意同上题。分析句子结构，此空格引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指“剩下的东西”，应用连接代词what。
( D )10. A. related to B. adapted to
C. determined to D. devoted to
【解析】 考查形容词短语。句意：这里住着一位爱好文学的有钱人。根据下文 “…the pursuits (追求) of literature. He had often read the poems of Simonides…”可推知，这个人热爱文学。
( B )11. A. Unluckily B. Fortunately
C. Naturally D. Frequently
【解析】 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，Simonides 在到达海滩后不久就被这个人救了下来。根据下文 “Simonides was saved by this man”可知，Simonides 是很幸运的。
( C )12. A. ordered B. forced
C. received D. begged
【解析】 考查动词。句意：那人从他们简短的谈话中知道了他是谁，非常高兴地把Simonides 接到家里，给他衣服、钱，让仆人服侍他。根据下文 “Simonides into his house with the greatest pleasure”可知，这个有钱人非常高兴地接纳了Simonides，receive into 意为“接纳”，是固定搭配。
( D )13. A. villagers B. writers
C. stealers D. survivors
【解析】 考查名词。句意：与此同时，其他幸存的人也在同一个城市拿着他们的碗乞讨食物。根据下文的 “I told you that all my property was about me”可知，此处指的还是从船难中幸存下来的人。
( B )14. A. hoped B. happened
C. managed D. demanded
【解析】 考查动词。句意：一天，Simonides 碰巧遇见了他们。happen to 为固定搭配，意为“碰巧”。
( A )15. A. struggled B. failed
C. encouraged D. succeeded
【解析】 考查动词。句意：Simonides 很同情地说：“我告诉过你们，我的所有财产就是我自己，你们努力挽救的东西现在已经失去了。”根据下文的 “to save is lost now”以及上文可知，在船难刚发生时，那些人都忙着收拾贵重物品，但是现在却沦落到乞讨的地步。说明他们当时努力抢救的东西都不在了。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Scientists in England are using two self－directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea.
The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland. The area is known for its unusual sea life. Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.
One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries. It collects information for the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton， England， and the World Wildlife Fund. The vehicle’s low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days. Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.
Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle. He says the vehicle has equipment that can discover small organisms called zooplankton (浮游动物) and fish. He adds that other sensing equipment measures water currents and other features of sea life. The vehicle also creates a map of the sea.
Another vehicle is powered by the sun and the wind. It can stay floating on water for months. The robotic vehicle sends information about the so－called biodiversity hotspots. A biodiversity hotspot is an area of an ocean that has a lot of plants and animal life activities.
Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the Celtic Sea. She says productive ocean areas， like the Celtic Sea， attract zooplankton. The zooplankton then attracts fish. She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.
Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the sea with manned laboratories. Scientists can spend more time analysing the collected information. They say the research will give them a better understanding of the needs of the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了英格兰的科学家们使用自导式水上交通工具探索凯尔特海海域的动植物的情况。
( B )1. Why do the British scientists explore the Celtic Sea？
A. To study the geography of the sea.
B. To learn why the sea is rich in sea life.
C. To test their self－directed water vehicles.
D. To learn about the sea creatures in the sea.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.”可知，英国科学家研究该海域的目的是弄清为什么海洋生物会被吸引到该海域。
( D )2. According to the text，the water vehicles .
A. are controlled directly by humans
B. work depending on the map of the sea
C. can send the information back directly
D. can keep floating on water for a long time
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The vehicle’s low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.”和第五段中的“It can stay floating on water for months.”可知，水上交通工具都能在海上漂浮很久。
( D )3. According to Lavinia Suberg， the sea mammals and birds .
A. are afraid of living alone
B. mainly feed on zooplankton
C. like to live in warm ocean areas
D. are especially interested in fish
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.”可知，海洋哺乳动物和鸟类对鱼很感兴趣。
( C )4. What is the last paragraph mainly about？
A. The aim of sea exploration.
B. The cost of exploring the sea.
C. The importance of the water vehicles.
D. Ways to deal with the collected information.
【解析】 段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，使用这些机器人海洋航行器大大降低了人工实验室探索海洋的成本。科学家可以花更多的时间分析收集到的信息。这项研究将使他们更好地了解凯尔特海未来管理和保护的需求。因此，本段旨在介绍机器人式水上交通工具在海底探索中的重要性。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. A d irectory is a book which gives lists of facts， such as people’s names， addresses， and telephone numbers， etc.
2. Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise， m eanwhile ， can reduce its effects.
3. There has been a migration (migrate) of people from the country to the towns.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
talk of without mercy
be home to take action
vast amounts of be balanced with
1. They shouldn’t kill the injured animals without mercy .
2. Modern computers can organise vast amounts of data very quickly.
3. The South American country is home to the world’s most successful and admired national team.
4. Your workout schedule should be balanced with both strength training and cardio exercises.
5. Yesterday， the firefighters took action immediately to stop the big fire spreading.
6. He talked of other cultures the other day as if they were more familiar to him than his own.
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice， not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals.
【即学即练】
(1)A large amount of damage was done (do) in a short time.
(2)Large amounts of damage were done (do) in a short time.
2. 原句：Plastic pollution is also bad， killing many birds and fish， and has even been found in our tap water.
【即学即练】
(1)The old man sat on the bench， chatting (chat) with his old friend happily.
(2)My sister walked into the room， holding (hold) a pile of books in her arms.
3. 原句：Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance.
点睛：此处as作为连词，用来引导时间状语从句。此状语从句可替换为“with＋名词＋v.－ing形式”结构。
【即学即练】
随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
(1)The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases .
(2)The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner with the height increasing .
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
I decided to ski to the North Pole. It was after I saw an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole. Back in 1996， there had never been a woman from the UK who had accomplished this challenge. I wondered what it would be like to survive in temperatures cold enough to freeze your flesh in seconds， so I sent off for the application form.
The application form full of pictures of male explorers arrived. The words “Are you man enough for the ultimate challenge？” made me angry and I was even more determined to get on the team.
Over 500 individuals applied for a place in the team， and the selection process included physical and psychological tests designed to pick the best group. In one test， there was a huge rope ladder we had to climb， and I froze at the top because I have a fear of heights. I thought my hopes were fading as most other applicants sailed past， leaving me behind. But two others helped me over， and later I found out that the organisers were not looking for amazing individuals， but great team players， and this moment had shown them who would take care of others in the team.
I revealed my weakness， and in a place like the Arctic， you have to be yourself， as there is nowhere to hide. These personalities of asking for help and showing weakness are necessary for women to master.
I realised that by being myself， I could succeed. I was selected for the team. I realised that I could achieve more than I ever imagined—more importantly， by sharing my story with others， I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了在英国还没有女性完成探索北极圈挑战的情况下，作者报名参加了探索北极圈活动，并最终入选为团队一员的故事。在这个过程中，作者明白了要正视自己的弱点。
( B )1. How did the author react on seeing the advertisement？
A. She got cross.
B. She was determined.
C. She got frightened.
D. She was hesitating.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The words ‘Are you man enough for the ultimate challenge？’ made me angry and I was even more determined to get on the team.”可知，作者在看到广告后，更加坚定地要加入团队。
( C )2. What did the organisers view as the most important in the selection of new hands？
A. Personal quality.
B. Individual ability.
C. Spirit of teamwork.
D. Courage to challenge.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“the organisers were not looking for amazing individuals， but great team players”可知，在选拔新人时，组织者们看中的是团队合作精神。
( D )3. What’s the intention of the author in writing this passage？
A. To inspire us to prepare for our future goal.
B. To advise women how to turn to others.
C. To make suggestions to her team members.
D. To encourage people to explore the unknown.
【解析】 推理判断题。这篇文章主要讲述了作为一名女性，作者报名参加探索北极圈活动，并最终入选为团队一员的故事。通过这段经历，作者明白了要勇于正视自己的弱点，探索未知的世界的道理。
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
Wetland Protection Keeps Ecological Harmony
The ecosystem is like a chain. 1 This is why wetland protection has been put high on the agenda in recent years. A leader of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration， says nearly 60 percent of the country’s natural wetlands are still not under effective protection. Most Chinese people are ignorant about the importance of protecting the wetlands.
2 Wetlands can conserve and purify water resources， prevent flooding and help protect the ecosystem. 3 In recent years， many wetlands have become farmland. Drawing too much underground water， hunting and fishing also ruin their ecological system.
Every year， the wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China provide habitat for birds. 4 They consider the eggs to be a natural gift rather than wildlife that should be protected. If they were educated， perhaps this is one activity that could be brought to an end.
China is now ready to make a plan to save some of these areas. Some have been restored to raise awareness among the public. But these moves are not enough. 5 Environment protection is a campaign which needs support from everyone in society. Education may be the first step.
A. And the ecosystem is very fragile.
B. Some person destroys the trees and the plants.
C. And some local residents search the area for the birds’ eggs.
D. If any of the links is broken， the whole system is in danger.
E. There should be laws in place to provide legal support to the fight.
F. As well as ecological values， they can also offer economical returns.
G. Ocean， forestry and wetlands are the three global ecological systems.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。本文重点介绍了关于“湿地保护”的相关问题，并由此引发两方面思考：一方面呼吁大家为保护湿地贡献出自己的一份力量；另一方面折射出教育的教化作用，要通过教育让人们认识到，保护湿地即保护我们自己的家园。
1. D
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。本文开篇讲述生态系统就像一个链条，而且空格后面说这就是将湿地保护放在重要位置的原因。因此，空格处应该论述保护湿地的重要性，即D选项“如果任何一条链条被打破，那么整个生态系统就会处于危险之中”。A选项为迷惑选项，并不是简单地因为生态系统脆弱就保护它。
2. G
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。此空格具有承上启下的作用，第一段最后一句说，“大多数的中国人忽视了湿地保护的重要性”，空格处后紧接着阐述了湿地的好处：“保护、净化水资源，防止洪水以及保护生态系统”。所以，前面的句子应该是海洋、森林、湿地是全球三大生态系统。利用排除法可知，其他选项都不适合。
3. F
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据前后的因果关系，前面讲述的是湿地的生态价值，后面讲述的是湿地变成农田、抽取地下水、打猎、捕鱼等行为的经济价值。F项“除了具有生态价值外，湿地还能带来经济效益”很好地总结了上文，引出了下文，符合语境。
4. C
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格后的内容可知，人们对于鸟蛋有着错误的认识。C项“一些当地居民在这片区域寻找鸟蛋”，也是在讲有关鸟蛋的事情，符合语境。
5. E
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。联系语境以及常识可知，单单增强公众保护意识是不够的，E项“应当制定相关法律，为这场斗争提供法律支持”承接上文，符合语境。
Ⅵ. 语法填空
A shark that walks in water instead of swimming might sound like a creature straight out of a science fiction film. However， that is exactly 1 four new species of sharks move across the seafloor. They 2 (discover) by a team of scientists during a 12－year study， led by Dr Christine Dudgeon from Australia’s University of Queensland.
The species 3 (find) in the tropical waters near Australia belong to the Hemiscyllium (长尾须鲨属)， the same family as the previously known five species. The sharks have evolved 4 (survive) in low－oxygen environments， enabling them to hunt during low tides. The researchers hold the belief that 5 ability to use fins to walk across the water affords the sharks a great advantage 6 the smaller animals they hunt.
A DNA analysis of skin samples from the live sharks offers 7 (evident) that walking sharks broke away from their gliding brothers and sisters 8 (million) of years ago and gradually became a 9 (complete) different species. Dudgeon and her team believe walking sharks are the 10 (young) kind of sharks on Earth！
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员在澳大利亚附近水域发现四个新的鲨鱼物种，这些鲨鱼不是在水中游泳，而是在水底用鳍行走。
1. how
【解析】 考查表语从句引导词。句意：然而，那正是这四个新鲨鱼物种在海底移动的方式。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导表语从句，且空格后的句子结构完整，此处需要方式状语，表示“如何”。
2. were discovered
【解析】 考查时态、语态。此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去式。主语they和discover之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
3. found
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词belong to，此处应填非谓语动词形式。species和find存在逻辑上的被动关系，且表示动作已经完成，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
4. to survive
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词have evolved，故空格处是非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示进化的目的，故用不定式作目的状语。
5. the/their
【解析】 考查冠词/代词。ability后有定语对其进行解释说明，表示这四个新鲨鱼物种的行走能力，故应是特指，要用定冠词the，此处也可用their表示所属关系。
6. over
【解析】 考查介词。advantage意为“优势”，表示“比……有利”时，advantage后常用介词over。
7. evidence
【解析】 考查名词。空格处作动词offers的宾语，故填名词evidence，且evidence是不可数名词。
8. millions
【解析】 考查数词。此处表示“数百万……”，应该用millions of。
9. completely
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用副词修饰后面的形容词different。
10. youngest
【解析】 考查形容词最高级。根据空格前最高级常见标志“the”和后面表示范围限制的介词短语“of sharks on Earth”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Some people call it a travelling museum. Others refer to it as a living or open－air museum. Built in Brazil to honour Columbus’ first voyage to the New World， the Nina， a Columbus－era replica (复制品) ship， provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus’ favourite ship from over 500 years ago.
I joined the crew of the Nina in Gulf Shores， Alabama， in February 2013. As part of a research project sponsored by my university， my goal was to document my days aboard the ship in a blog. I quickly realised that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school－age children. The field－trip tour of the Nina is hands－on learning at its best. In this setting， students could touch the line， pass around a ballast stone (压舱石)， and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus’ days. They soon came to understand the labour involved in sailing the ship back in his time. I was pleased to see the students become active participants in their learning process.
The Nina is not the only travelling museum that provides such field trips. A visit to Jamestown Settlement， for example， allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers from England to Virginia in the early 1600s. Historical guides， dressed in period costumes， give tours of the Susan Constant， Godspeed， and Discovery. These guides often portray a character that would have lived and worked during that time period. Students touring these ships are encouraged to interact with the guides in order to better understand the daily life in the past.
My experience on the Nina helps testify (证实) my long－held belief that students stay interested， ask better questions， and engage in higher－order thinking tasks when they are actively engaged in the learning process.
The students who boarded the Nina came as passive learners. They left as bold explorers.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了哥伦布航海时的航船复制品Nina，它是一个开放的博物馆。学生参观这一特殊的博物馆可以积极主动参与学习。
( B )1. What occupation is the author engaged in？
A. Shipping.
B. Education.
C. Ecological tourism.
D. Museum administration.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“I quickly realised that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school－age children.”可知，作者在给学龄儿童介绍有关航船复制品Nina的历史知识。据此可以判断，作者从事的是教育行业。
( D )2. Which of the following is TRUE about the Nina introduced in the passage？
A. She is a replica of a ship that Columbus built in Brazil.
B. She is always crowded with foreign tourists during holidays.
C. She is the boat Columbus sailed in his voyage to the New World.
D. She displays what Columbus’ ship was like and how it operated.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus’ favourite ship”可知，Nina为人们提供了哥伦布的航船的原貌；根据第二段的“In this setting， students could touch the line， pass around a ballast stone (压舱石)…”可知，Nina还提供了如何操作该航船的方法。
( B )3. What does the author mean by the last two sentences of the passage？
A. The students are interested in becoming tour guides.
B. The experience has changed the students’ learning attitude.
C. The students become brave and are ready to sail the seas on their own.
D. The museums are successful in teaching the students survival skills at sea.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章最后两句可知，登上了哥伦布航船复制品Nina的学生成了主动学习的学生，他们成了知识的勇敢探索者。据此可以判断，最后两句意在说明，这种经历改变了学生的学习态度。
B
A number of sperm whales (a kind of whale) were washed up on North Sea shores last year. A total of 30 whales died on British， German， Dutch and French coasts. The whales may belong to a group that came to the North Sea together. While searches for evidence are still being carried out， there is no proof that the deaths were caused by humans. The authorities had problems making the beaches safe as curious tourists arrived to take photos of themselves with the whales.
Scientists are trying to find out why the sperm whales got into the rather shallow North Sea. Normally， they move around in the deeper waters of the Atlantic Ocean， hunting for food at depths of about 1，000 to 1，500 metres. For some unknown reason， they died while hunting squid(乌贼)and couldn’t survive in shallow water. Once they entered the North Sea they couldn’t escape.
Some experts say that sound waves possibly caused by the sound of wind farms may have led the mammals off course. Others claim that solar flares (太阳耀斑) may have interfered with their journey， while another reason may be the lack of food in the Atlantic that made them travel to other areas.
Sperm whales often travel in groups and stay together. The whales that ended up dead in the North Sea were all males. Males move to cooler regions when they become adults，while female sperm whales stay in warmer waters the whole year.
Scientists say that the death of sperm whales in the North Sea does not happen by chance. Records show that several whales have been found on North Sea coasts in the past， and scientists also predict that such incidents are likely to happen more often in the future.
Sperm whales are among the largest mammals in the world and they can weigh up to 45 tons. About 200，000 of them still live in oceans around the world. While it is very difficult to monitor whales in the open ocean， they are watched closely by humans when they get near the shores.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。据报道，30头抹香鲸在北海海岸搁浅死亡。通常情况下，抹香鲸在深水区域活动，对于此次出现在北海海岸，科学家提出了很多观点，并预测这一现象在未来还有可能发生。
( A )4. What do we know about sperm whales from the text？
A. They are social animals and often stay in groups.
B. They are believed to be one of the deepest diving animals.
C. They are now in danger because of human activities.
D. They often travel to warmer waters to hunt for food.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Sperm whales often travel in groups and stay together.”可知，抹香鲸是群居动物，故A项正确。根据第二段中的“they move around in the deeper waters of the Atlantic Ocean”可知，抹香鲸通常在大西洋深处水域潜水，并没有说明它们是最深的潜水动物，所以B项错误；根据第一段中的“…there is no proof that the deaths were caused by humans”可知，没有证据表明抹香鲸的死亡是人类造成的，所以C项错误；根据第二段中的“hunting for food at depths”可知，它们经常在较深的水域觅食，所以D项错误。
( C )5. What is scientists’ opinion on the occurrence of the sperm whales’ death？
A. It is in fact a coincidence.
B. They will be better protected by humans.
C. There might be more such cases in the future.
D. Such deaths often happen in the Atlantic Ocean.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“…happen more often in the future”可知，此类事件可能在未来还会发生；根据第五段中的“Scientists say that the death of sperm whales in the North Sea does not happen by chance.”可知，抹香鲸出现在北海海岸是有原因的，并不是偶然发生的，所以A项错误；B、D项在文中没有提及，属于无中生有。
( B )6. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Sperm Whales Hunting for Food in the Atlantic Ocean
B. Sperm Whales Washed up on North Sea Coast
C. A Number of Sperm Whales Live in the North Sea
D. Sperm Whales Died Due to Bad Weather
【解析】 标题归纳题。文章开篇提到去年有大量的抹香鲸被冲上北海海岸，后文解释了这一现象并做出预测，由此可知，B项正确。
Ⅱ. 书面表达
生态环保类作文
文体感知
生态环保类作文的题目一般提供濒危动物的境况，分析其存在的意义或灭绝的危害和影响，最后都要呼吁人们保护动物、拯救人类赖以生存的地球。
此类写作一般分为三部分：
第一部分， 描述现状；
第二部分， 分析原因或危害；
第三部分， 发出呼吁，提出建议或措施。
【素材】
为拯救海洋生物，联合国将6月8日定为世界海洋日(World Oceans Day)。请你据此写一篇80词左右的英语短文发表在你的英文博客上，呼吁大家共同努力，消除人类活动对海洋造成的破坏，保证人们充分享受海洋给予的恩赐。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 议论文
话题 海洋生态保护
时态 一般现在时
人称 第一人称、第三人称
【词汇】
1. 非法地 illegally
2. 灭绝 die out
3. 呼吁；号召 call on
4. 努力做某事 make every effort to do sth
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)为拯救这些海洋动植物，联合国将6月8日定为世界海洋日。
In order to save these animals and plants in the oceans ， the United Nations has made 8 June World Oceans Day.
(2)大家都应做出努力，这样我们才能尽可能多地受益于海洋。
Everyone should make every effort to protect the ocean ， and then we can get benefit from the ocean as much as possible.
2. 句式升级
用only＋状语引起的倒装改写第1小题中的句(2)。
Only when we make every effort to protect the ocean， can we get benefit from the ocean as much as possible .
【妙笔成篇】
As we all know， many species of the plants and animals in the oceans are decreasing greatly because of the damage caused by human beings. For example， many factories poured their waste and dirty water into the oceans， which polluted the oceans terribly. Worse still， many people hunt the animals in the oceans illegally， making them in danger of dying out.
In order to save these animals and plants in the oceans， the United Nations has made 8 June World Oceans Day. It calls on the people all over the world to unite together to protect the rare and valuable animals and plants in the oceans.
In my opinion， we should make every effort to prevent people from destroying the oceans again. And only in this way can people get benefit from the ocean as much as possible.
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. v.(d/de结尾)＋(去d/de)－sion→n.
extend→ extension n.延长部分；伸展
suspend→ suspension n.暂缓；推迟
explode→ explosion n.爆炸；爆破
【v.(d/de结尾)＋(去d/de)－sion→n.拓展】
divide→ division n.分开；分隔
comprehend→ comprehension n.理解；理解力
conclude→ conclusion n.结论；推论
persuade→ persuasion n.劝说；说服
invade→ invasion n.入侵；侵略
2. v.＋－ure→n.
mix→ mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物
fail→ failure n.失败
【v.＋－ure→n.拓展】
fix→ fixture n.固定装置；固定设施
depart→ departure n.离开；起程
expose→ exposure n.面临；揭露
press→ pressure n.压力；挤压
please→ pleasure n.高兴；快乐
3. v.＋－al→n.
withdraw→ withdrawal n.(使)撤回；撤离
approve→ approval n.同意；批准
【v.＋－al→n.拓展】
arrive→ arrival n.到达
dispose→ disposal n.去掉；消除；处理
betray→ betrayal n.背叛；泄露
dismiss→ dismissal n.解雇；开除
propose→ proposal n.建议；提议
refuse→ refusal n.拒绝
remove→ removal n.移动；调动；免职
survive→ survival n.幸存
rehearse→ rehearsal n.排演；排练
4. v.＋－age→n.
cover→ coverage n.新闻报道；覆盖范围
pass→ passage n.通道；走廊
【v.＋－age→n.拓展】
post→ postage n.邮资
marry→ marriage n.结婚；婚姻
orphan→ orphanage n.孤儿院
pack→ package n.包裹；包装
5. v.(－ss结尾)＋－ion→n.
profess→ profession n.职业；行业
possess→ possession n.个人财产；拥有；控制
【v.(－ss结尾)＋－ion→n.拓展】
aggress→ aggression n.侵犯；挑衅
confess→ confession n.认罪；供认
discuss→ discussion n.讨论
impress→ impression n.印象
6. prep.＋hand→介词短语
in hand 在手头；可供使用
at hand 在手边；在附近；即将来临
by hand 手工；手制
on hand 在跟前；在近处；现有
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. He first entered Britain on a six－month visa， and was given a further extension (extend) of six months.
2. They beheld (behold) a bright star shining in the sky.
3. We can receive up to 500 cable c hannels .
4. A b ond of friendship was formed between them.
5. Harper (竖琴师) was a teacher by p rofession .
6. We listened to the news with a mixture (mix) of surprise and horror.
7. She never goes anywhere without her l aptop computer.
8. They greeted him with thunderous applause (applaud).
9. T ax is money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services.
10. The future for manned (man) space flight is looking increasingly uncertain.
11. They have led some birds to give up on migration (migrate).
12. If you are unable to obtain the information you require， consult your telephone d irectory .
13. The family made an official complaint to a ship’s officer， which was recorded in the l og .
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 我们都读过马可·波罗的故事。他出生于威尼斯一个富裕的商人家庭。据说马可·波罗17岁时跟随父亲和叔叔启程前往中国， 与元朝的皇室建立了深厚的友谊。
We’ve all read the tale of Marco Polo. He was born into a wealthy merchant family in Venice. At the age of 17， Marco Polo was said to have set out for China with his father and uncle， establishing a deep friendship with the royal family of the Yuan Dynasty.
2. Tom从小非常喜欢高尔夫球，长大后成了一名职业高尔夫球员。上周日，他们队参加了联盟锦标赛。尽管对手非常厉害，他们还是控制住了局面，获得了冠军。
Tom was very fond of golf when he was young and became a professional golfer when he grew up. Last Sunday， their team took part in the League Tournament . Although their opponents were very strong， they still took possession of the situation and won the championship.
3. 他在记者招待会上的讲话如此出色，所有与会的人都不时地为他鼓掌，媒体对此进行了直播报道。
His speech at the press conference was so excellent that all the people present applauded him from time to time. The media gave it live coverage .
4. 1661年，郑成功率领船队从金门出发，越过台湾海峡。经数次战役后，荷兰殖民者不得不与他进行谈判，撤离台湾。
In 1661， Zheng Chenggong led his fleet to cross the Taiwan Strait from Kinmen. After several battles， the Dutch colonists had to negotiate with him and withdraw from Taiwan.
5. 为了达到政治目的，他们残忍地逮捕、杀害了他们的反对者，甚至试图谋杀他们的领导人。
In order to achieve political goals， they arrested and killed their opponents without mercy ， and even attempted to murder their leaders.
6. 一方面，海洋资源非常丰富，我们可以合理开发；另一方面，我们更应该做好对珊瑚等海洋生物的保护工作。
On the one hand， marine resources are very rich， and we can exploit them reasonably. Meanwhile ， we should do a good job in protecting living creatures in the ocean such as corals .
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. They decide to have (have) more workers for the project so that it won’t be delayed.
2. China has become the first country to land (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.
3. Many of their families were struggling to make (make) ends meet.
4. The objective of most speeches is to benefit (benefit) the audience.
5. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get (get) together.
6. If you’re lucky enough to receive (receive) gifts， keep them in a safe place.
7. Our tour also includes a chance to walk (walk) in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin.
8. In India， particularly outside cities， young women are expected to move (move) in with their husband’s family when they get married.
9. Higher－income parents tended to have (have) children play with puzzles more frequently.
10. Everyone in the team makes every effort to ensure (ensure) trains run as scheduled.
11. The parents were asked to interact (interact) with their children as they normally would.
12. I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open (open) a caf .
13. On our way to the house， it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get (get) there.
14. To enjoy (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment， many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
15. Where to go (go) hasn’t been decided.
16. We are invited to a party to be held (hold) in our club next Friday.
17. Tom was proud to have been chosen (choose) as captain of our school football team.
18. The sign on the wall of the library says， “No magazine is allowed to be taken (take) out of the reading room.”
19. An accident happened last night， causing (cause) seven deaths.
