Unit 5 Launching Your Career
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. If I pay off all my d ， I’ll have no money.
2. At the beginning of the day， we all a in the main hall to be addressed by the headteacher.
3. He b the ball against the wall the other day.
4. Nothing can weaken his resolve to become a (law).
5. Her work is difficult to (category).
6. He is an active (participate) in the Civil Rights Movement.
7. The (detect) laid great stress on details.
8. He was deep in conversation with his (account).
9. It seemed that she was a s because she knew what everyone was doing.
10. China is the biggest country in the O .
11. I can’t access the file on your company because I’ve forgotten the c .
12. The newspaper publishes a p of a leading sportsman every week.
13. I feel that (几何学) is a difficult subject.
14. At the wedding party， the bride and the b expressed that they would live in harmony and mutual respect and grow old together.
15. Water contains h and oxygen.
16. He looked at the gold watch on his w .
17. A d is a boxlike container that slides in and out of a piece of furniture.
18. My father commissioned (委托) a real e agent to sell our house.
19. B cancer is the most common form of cancer among women in this country.
20. It was Marie Curie who discovered the element r .
21. The principal kept a (graph) record of school attendance.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
be suited to in conclusion
head start aim for
be passionate about divide up
focus on bounce around
1. Joe baseball and he plays it every afternoon if available.
2. The area well road cycling as well as off－road riding.
3. ， walking is a cheap， safe， enjoyable， and readily available form of exercise.
4. If you don’t have a plan to start with， you’ll run the risk of being like a ball.
5. Now that the work has been ， let each one get on with his own job.
6. Not satisfied with more money， he the best quality of the product last year.
7. What I’m going to do in this lecture is to something very specific.
8. A good education gives your child a in life.
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.
【即学即练】
(1)I wish she (try) again in a few minutes.
(2)How he wished he (be) a free bird！
(3)I wish you (come) to my birthday party last night.
2. 原句：As an adult， one of the first questions you are asked when meeting someone new is， “What do you do？”
【即学即练】
(1)We sat on a large rock and took in the view， while eating our sandwiches and (point) out islands and roads and， of course， the cottage where we were staying.
(2)Though (laugh) at， he won’t give up his dream.
(3)Unless (invite) to speak， you should remain silent at the conference.
(4)When I was visiting him， I noticed for the first time a sense of vulnerability on his face.
→ ， I noticed for the first time a sense of vulnerability on his face.
Ⅳ. 完形填空
I had reached the age of twenty－eight. Still， I 1 whether the letter from my past would make it to me， all these years later. It was a(n) 2 writing task from when I was eighteen. The teacher collected our letters to our 3 selves in self－addressed envelopes with stamps and promised to 4 them ten years later. But since so much time had passed， would he even 5 ？
Thinking back on the 6 ， I recalled giving my future self some advice. When you’re eighteen years old， twenty－eight seems like a 7 age， but I wasn’t feeling as mature as I believed my younger self had 8 me to be.
When the letter finally reached me， I opened it 9 . It began， “How much do you bet this letter will never get to you？” It continued to greet me casually 10 we were having an IM (instant messaging) chat. As a senior in high school， facing the approaching SATs and college application， my eighteen－year－old self was so 11 ！ She was apparently not quite happy and hoped I wouldn’t worry so much in the future， and that I wouldn’t forget to be present and enjoy my life！
12 to my belief， my eighteen－year－old self did not have any demands of me， or expectations I might have failed to meet. Instead， she wrote， “I’ll 13 whatever you do. Even if you are not the one I’m imagining now， I’ll support you， because maybe who I’m imagining is someone else， but you’re not someone else， you’re me.”
I was 14 ， and tears welled up in my eyes at this self－acceptance through time. I had put a lot of pressure on myself to be the best version of myself that I could be. 15 ， I came to realise what I would have accomplished in ten years would pale in comparison to how I’d feel and who I’d be.
( )1. A. believed B. bet
C. doubted D. considered
( )2. A. hopeless B. creative
C. urgent D. tough
( )3. A. inner B. painful
C. future D. young
( )4. A. correct B. mail
C. answer D. write
( )5. A. remember B. understand
C. mind D. remain
( )6. A. application B. comment
C. study D. letter
( )7. A. grown－up B. painful
C. made－up D. promising
( )8. A. promised B. convinced
C. encouraged D. expected
( )9. A. calmly B. cautiously
C. eagerly D. naturally
( )10. A. even if B. so that
C. now that D. as if
( )11. A. depressed B. ambitious
C. carefree D. stressed
( )12. A. Contrary B. Honest
C. Surprised D. Strange
( )13. A. stand for B. stand with
C. stand by D. stand out
( )14. A. guilty B. touched
C. embarrassed D. nervous
( )15. A. Besides B. Therefore
C. Then D. However
Ⅴ. 课文语法填空
It is common that an adult 1 (ask) about his or her job. That’s because the career defines your life. It is 2 (true) necessary to think about your career plan， even when you are still at school. It is not always easy to decide 3 which career you’ll take in the future. Some people know what they want to do from a young age， but many others just have a few ideas 4 (bounce) around in their heads.
One of the most 5 (effect) ways to get an insight on a possible career path is to complete a “career aptitude test”， 6 results will tell you about your strengths and interests， and some tests also suggest careers you may be suited 7 . There are various kinds of career aptitude tests and one popular test asks 8 (participant) to grade their preferences for a variety of work tasks. Their answers are then analysed.
In 9 (conclude)， career aptitude tests are really a useful tool and they can be meant for guidance. However， the real secret to a good career 10 (be) finding something you are passionate about.
1.
2. 3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9.
10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Children expect (just) from their parents.
2. He was a of cheating in the 2008 Olympic Games.
3. He looked at the shop window with (greed) eyes.
4. The noise made it hard for me to focus work.
5. It is your attitude， rather than your a that determines your altitude.
6. I attached my r to my letter to apply for the job.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——复习长难句
运用长难句分析技巧分析下列长难句，并将其翻译成汉语。
1. What Winter knows of the 19－year－old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honour his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation (移植).
(1)分析：此句的主语为 “What Winter knows of the 19－year－old who saved his life”，是一个 ，其中又包含了一个由who引导的 ；is为主干句的系动词，后面的that引导两个并列的 。
(2)句意： 。
2. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented (发酵) would kill off the yeast (酵母菌) that was left in the wine， with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.
(1)分析：此句的主语为 ，谓语是 ，第一个that引导的是 ，在这个从句中after引导的是 。第二个that引导的是 。第三个that引导的是 。
(2)句意： 。
3. The idea of returning to the basics in the classroom—a notion (概念，观点) which， incidentally (顺便说一下)， has been quietly supported for years by many respected teachers—is finally gaining some currency with school administrators (管理者).
(1)分析： 两个破折号中间的内容是对前半句的补充说明。
(2)句意： 。
4. The magazine is male－targeting because young guys generally won’t pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females， whereas girls usually will.
(1)分析：…girls usually will后省略了 。
(2)句意： 。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Many of us have characteristics coming from our families. Maybe we have our father’s eyes or grandmother’s hair colour. But there are still other elements of our personalities picked up by 1 our parents， such as our mother’s love of cleaning or our dad’s sense of humour. Researchers learn there are usually three kinds of people from their 2 .
The first kind of people are the job－oriented (以求职为目的的) who 3 to regard a job as simply a way to make money. They 4 to working day after day and don’t think it interesting for them to do anything else. If you have a job－oriented father， you may view work this way. However， you’ll not 5 hold the viewpoint if you grow up close to your job－oriented mother.
The second are the career－oriented who see their jobs as a place to gain 6 . They don’t mind working overtime. In fact， some 7 their jobs so much that they are feeling more comfortable in the 8 than at home. They are always proud of making progress in their work. Being close to a career－oriented father 9 you’ll carry on your father’s. 10 enough， having a mother with this viewpoint seems to have little 11 .
The third are the calling－oriented who consider their jobs as a way to have a 12 effect on the world. They are more concerned about improving the world around them than 13 a large salary. These people usually come from homes 14 both parents have abilities. This suggests that adolescents need the support of both parents in order to have the confidence.
The good news is that we still have our 15 to find a career that suits us.
( )1. A. inviting B. nursing
C. protecting D. modelling
( )2. A. study B. university
C. academy D. classroom
( )3. A. attempt B. manage
C. tend D. offer
( )4. A. are supposed B. are opposed
C. look forward D. are linked
( )5. A. frequently B. constantly
C. probably D. potentially
( )6. A. explanations B. expressions
C. directions D. achievements
( )7. A. addict B. value
C. devote D. contribute
( )8. A. club B. office
C. cinema D. pub
( )9. A. equals B. means
C. demands D. shows
( )10. A. Worriedly B. Surely
C. Carefully D. Strangely
( )11. A. influence B. evidence
C. justice D. performance
( )12. A. negative B. side
C. bad D. positive
( )13. A. paying B. raising
C. earning D. making
( )14. A. where B. whose
C. which D. that
( )15. A. advice B. difference
C. change D. choice
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
For top students from low－income families， the challenge of applying to colleges is particularly difficult. One in four deal with all of that—the writing， the studying， the researching and applying—completely on their own. One approach to make this whole process easier？ Pair students up with an adviser.
That’s the idea behind CollegePoint， an initiative to help gifted students go to schools that match their intellectual (智力的) ability. When a high school student takes a standardised test—the PSAT， SAT or ACT—and they score in the 90th percentile， and their families make less than$80，000 a year， they get an email from the programme offering them a free adviser. The advisers listen， guide and answer students’ questions.
Connor Rechtzigel， an adviser in Minnesota， sees the importance of his role， for research shows that low－income students are far more likely to undermatch because they don’t think they have what it takes to get in and because many don’t even know what schools are out there. He helped high school senior Justice Benjamin， the first in his family to apply to college， think about what his ideal learning experience was. Finally， Justice narrowed in on smaller schools where he could study environmental science and made his final choice：Skidmore College in New York. He felt empowered by the process.
Figuring out how to pay for college is a major part of what CollegePoint advisers do. Nakhle， an adviser in North Carolina， is working with Hensley， an Ohio high school senior who can’t get extra financial help from her family. They spent a lot of time comparing and analysing her financial－aid award letters， which made her decision much clearer. Finally， The Ohio State University offered an option where she would pay nothing. Staying in－state wasn’t her first choice， but it was the best option for her.
( )1. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. How CollegePoint works.
B. The goal of CollegePoint.
C. Ways to apply for a free adviser.
D. The challenge of choosing colleges.
( )2. What prevents low－income students from attending proper colleges？
A. Overestimating their abilities.
B. Knowing little about colleges.
C. Lack of enough learning experience.
D. Failure to get support from their families.
( )3. Why did Hensley finally choose the Ohio State University？
A. She didn’t want to stay far from home.
B. Her favourite major was provided there.
C. She would show her talents to the full.
D. The university met her financial needs.
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He is a f in a lamb’s skin， so you must watch out for him.
2. We should submit our plans to the c for approval.
3. A c is called a ship of the desert.
4. My mother can k sweaters out of wool.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
attend to from all over the world
help sb out apply for
be keen on assist sb in
1. I can’t work out this maths problem. Please me .
2. I have received thousands of good－wish cards and gifts .
3. The monitor the teacher managing the class.
4. I made up my mind to a scholarship.
5. She the ballet since she was a little girl.
6. I’ve got some unfinished business to .
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：With my proficiency in Chinese calligraphy， I could also conduct classes for your visitors to help them learn more about this beautiful aspect of Chinese culture.
【即学即练】
(1)Once we walked into the room， there lay Grandma， looking peaceful yet painful with so many tubes (attach) to her.
(2)With the college entrance examination (draw) near， I am engaged in preparing for it.
2. 原句：Please find my CV attached.
【即学即练】
(1)陪审团判定被告人有罪。
The jury found the accused person .
(2)他发现那个男孩正在偷钱。
He found the boy .
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
There is no point destroying your peace of mind and happiness by taking the wrong job. Society may pressure you into grabbing whatever you can get. If you do not have a set path that must be taken， then you have the opportunity to choose something you will not only be paid for doing， but enjoy.
One of the best ways of finding a suitable career is to determine your personality type. It may seem obvious that the creative type does not really find much pleasure in a job as a butcher or dry cleaning assistant， and that a weak character may not find happiness in a career based on teaching or leading a team.
To find the best job for your personality type， the first step is to know what and who you really are. If you already know your style， you can search for suitable employment； however， if you are uncertain， there are ways that will help you discover what and who you are. For example， an employment centre， a career adviser， or an online quiz can help you.
Taking my own situation for example， I am definitely a creative type. Besides， I prefer to be my own boss or， if I cannot， at least I want to rely on a boss I truly both respect and admire. I do not like telling people what to do， or being told what to do. I do not relate well to regular 9－to－5 hours. I do not feel satisfied being paid a high wage for a bad job. I feel much happier at bining my creativity， independence， and desire to stay at home， my ideal career would be running a home－operated business involving creativity. I actually happen to have chosen this solution； I am a writer， poet， author and publisher. I have suited my career to my personality type.
( )1. The first paragraph is used as a(n) .
A. example B. introduction
C. conclusion D. contrast
( )2. The author thinks in order to find the right job we should first know about .
A. something about employment centre
B. online job markets
C. our personality types
D. the economic situation
( )3. Which of the following statements about the author is TRUE？
A. He prefers to rely on his colleagues.
B. He dislikes home－operated businesses.
C. He likes giving orders to others and doesn’t like facing orders.
D. He doesn’t like the usual way of doing things.
( )4. What is the main idea of the passage？
A. Creativity and chances of success.
B. Jobs and your peace of mind.
C. Following the set path and making life easier.
D. Finding the right job for your personality type.
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
Choosing a major is a very important thing in our life. However， at the same time， it can be extremely challenging. So it’s necessary to learn some simple tips that will make your decision much easier. 1 . And how does that choice affect your future career？ We can help guide you in choosing a major.
Your major is your primary field of study in your undergraduate (大学本科生的) programme. It is the subject in which you earn your bachelor’s degree. After completing a list of general education courses， you spend the rest of the time studying one subject of your choice. 2 .
For many students， it’s best to try out different classes to figure out a major you’ll like， but you need to have a couple of solid choices. 3 ， you should begin taking courses you are required to complete before graduation， so it will decrease your chances of needing to switch majors later because you already know what to expect.
4 ， you should begin thinking about how your field will lead to a job as soon as possible. Consider clubs， research programmes and part－time jobs related to potential career choices for your major.
For more career－specific majors like nursing and engineering， the majority of your studies will include skills that can be used in a future job. 5 . The sooner you begin working in a lab， on research projects or helping as a teaching assistant for a professor， the better you’ll be able to figure out your career.
A. You have to think of ways to choose a major
B. Be sure that you choose a major that suits your interests
C. Once you have a better idea of which major you like best
D. While your major may or may not lead directly to a career
E. Do some research to find out which majors can help you get that job
F. Roughly one－third to one－half of your courses will be related to your major
G. However， you should still consider doing activities outside of the classroom to better prepare yourself
1.
2.
3. 4.
5.
Ⅵ. 语法填空
When thinking about careers， professional advancement， or even job hunting， we usually attach 1 (important) to the so－called “hard skills”， meaning skills 2 are directly connected to our ability to perform a particular task or do a certain job. These skills can be evaluated or measured， as they are the results of 3 (we) degrees， certificates， specialised knowledge， continuing education， vocational (职业的) training， and so on.
“Soft skills”， on the other hand， are harder 4 (measure) than “hard skills”， as they usually do not come from a degree or specialised training， 5 from life experience， personality， and attitude. They 6 (call) “people skills” as they 7 (typical) relate， in some forms， to how we deal or interact with other people. Are we able to motivate and lead people？ Can we communicate well with others？
Some commonly 8 (mention) soft skills would include creativity， teamwork， written and verbal communication， management leadership， flexibility， and organisation. These types of skills are vital， as they help to form 9 well－rounded person. They can provide a competitive edge for people who are in search 10 jobs. Soft skills are relevant to every industry or job， because people are always the key， in one way or another.
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9.
10.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Does everyone want a challenging job？ In spite of all the attention focused by the media， academicians， and social scientists on human potential and the needs of individuals， there is no evidence to support that the vast majority of workers want challenging jobs. Some individuals prefer highly complex and challenging jobs； others develop in simple， routine work.
The individual－difference variable (变量) that seems to gain the greatest support for explaining who prefers a challenging job and who doesn’t is the strength of an individual’s needs for personal growth and self－direction at work. Individuals with these higher－order growth needs are more responsive for challenging work. What percentage of ordinary workers actually desire higher－order need satisfactions and will respond positively to challenging jobs？ No current data is available， but a study from the 1970s estimated the figure at about 15％. Even after adjusting for changing work attitudes and the growth in white－collar jobs， it seems unlikely that the number today exceeds 40％.
The strongest voice advocating challenging jobs has not been workers—it’s been professors， social science researchers， and media people. Professors， researchers， and journalists undoubtedly made their career choices， to some degree， because they wanted jobs that gave them autonomy， recognition and challenges. That， of course， is their choice. But for them， to force their needs onto the workforce in general is presumptuous (冒昧的).
Not every employee is looking for a challenging job. Many workers meet their higher－order need off the job. There are 168 hours in every individual’s week. Work rarely consumes more than 30％ of this time. That leaves considerable opportunities， even for individuals with strong growth needs， to find higher－order need satisfaction outside the workplace. So don’t feel you have a responsibility to create challenging jobs for all your employees.
For many people， work is something that will never excite or challenge them. And they don’t expect to find their growth opportunities at work. Work is merely something they have to do to pay their bills. They can find challenges outside of work on the golf course， fishing， at their local pubs， with their friends in social clubs， with their family， and the like.
( )1. What makes people choose challenging jobs？
A. Positive responses.
B. Work attitudes.
C. Higher－order growth needs.
D. Personal self－direction.
( )2. Who is the least likely to prefer a challenging job？
A. College professors.
B. Construction workers.
C. Social researchers.
D. Media journalists.
( )3. The passage is intended for .
A. job－hunters B. researchers
C. graduates D. employers
B
Choosing a major， which is the specialised area of your college study， can be overwhelming. But have no fear！ Your choice of major will not lock you into a specific career for the rest of your life. And the major you choose will neither predict nor guarantee your future. Consider these factors when picking your major.
Career Preparation
Choose a major because it will prepare you for a specific career path or advanced study. Maybe you already know that you want to be a nurse， a day trader， or a web developer. Before you declare， take a class or two in the relevant discipline， check out the syllabus for an advanced seminar， and talk to students in the department of your choice. Make sure you’re ready for the coursework required for the career of your dreams.
Earning Potential
Future earning potential is worth considering—college is a big investment， and while college can pay you back in many ways beyond salary， this can be a major factor for students who are paying their own way or taking out loans. According to the Internet， the majors that lead to the highest salaries include just about any type of engineering， actuarial mathematics， computer science， physics， government， and economics. Keep your quality of life in mind， too—that six－figure salary may not be worth it if you’re not happy at the office.
Subjects You Love
Some students choose a major simply because they love the subject matter. If you love what you’re studying， you’re more likely to fully engage with your classes and college experience， and that can mean better grades and great relationships with others in your field. If your calling is philosophy， don’t write it off just because you’re not sure about graduate school， or what the job market holds for philosophers. Many liberal arts majors provide students with critical thinking skills and writing abilities that are highly valued by employers.
Undecided？ Explore Your Interests
If you truly have no idea what you want to study， that’s okay—many schools don’t require students to declare a major until you are a second－year student. That gives you four semesters to play the field. Exploring your interests will help you find your best fit major—and maybe even your ideal career.
( )4. You don’t need to feel fearful when choosing your major because .
A. your major has completely nothing to do with your future
B. you are not limited to only one particular career for your whole life
C. changing career fields are unavoidable in your life
D. you only spend a little time on whatever subject you choose
( )5. The underlined word “discipline” is closest in meaning to .
A. field B. rule
C. theory D. knowledge
( )6. What can we infer from the passage？
A. You are advised to choose liberal arts majors for what are provided.
B. Worse grades result from poor relationships with others in college.
C. Employers like liberal arts majors more than science majors in job market.
D. Some students don’t necessarily need to decide their choices of majors upon entering college.
Ⅱ. 书面表达
计划与愿望
文体感知
计划与愿望包括的内容非常广泛，如对学习、工作、旅游、做义工等社会活动的具体计划，还包括人生计划、奋斗目标或理想等长远打算，以及表达某种愿望或期待，如理想的大学生活、理想的工作等等。
此类写作一般分为三部分：
第一部分，导入话题；
第二部分，阐述理由或具体安排；
第三部分，总结概括。
【素材】
假设你班将以“My Dream Career”为题举办演讲比赛，请你根据以下要求写一篇英语演讲稿，内容包括：
1. 你理想的职业；
2. 选择此职业的原因；
3. 实现此目标的途径。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 从事……
2. 对……寄予厚望
3. 灿烂的风景
4. 取得资格
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)他们可以到处旅游， 跟人分享各地风俗文化知识， 同时欣赏美景。
They can travel everywhere， and customs and enjoy the brilliant landscapes at the same time.
(2)通过努力学习，我才能取得做导游的资格，妥善服务游客。
.
2. 句式升级
用倒装句式改写第1小题中的句(2)。
Only by hard work the qualification and serve tourists properly.
【妙笔成篇】
My Dream Career
Good morning， everyone！
Thank you for listening.Unit 5 Launching Your Career
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. If I pay off all my d ebts ， I’ll have no money.
2. At the beginning of the day， we all a ssemble in the main hall to be addressed by the headteacher.
3. He b ounced the ball against the wall the other day.
4. Nothing can weaken his resolve to become a lawyer (law).
5. Her work is difficult to categorise (category).
6. He is an active participant (participate) in the Civil Rights Movement.
7. The detective (detect) laid great stress on details.
8. He was deep in conversation with his accountant(s) (account).
9. It seemed that she was a s py because she knew what everyone was doing.
10. China is the biggest country in the O rient .
11. I can’t access the file on your company because I’ve forgotten the c ode .
12. The newspaper publishes a p rofile of a leading sportsman every week.
13. I feel that geometry (几何学) is a difficult subject.
14. At the wedding party， the bride and the b ridegroom expressed that they would live in harmony and mutual respect and grow old together.
15. Water contains h ydrogen and oxygen.
16. He looked at the gold watch on his w rist .
17. A d rawer is a boxlike container that slides in and out of a piece of furniture.
18. My father commissioned (委托) a real e state agent to sell our house.
19. B reast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women in this country.
20. It was Marie Curie who discovered the element r adium .
21. The principal kept a graphic (graph) record of school attendance.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
be suited to in conclusion
head start aim for
be passionate about divide up
focus on bounce around
1. Joe is passionate about baseball and he plays it every afternoon if available.
2. The area is well suited to road cycling as well as off－road riding.
3. In conclusion ， walking is a cheap， safe， enjoyable， and readily available form of exercise.
4. If you don’t have a plan to start with， you’ll run the risk of being bounced around like a ball.
5. Now that the work has been divided up ， let each one get on with his own job.
6. Not satisfied with more money， he aimed for the best quality of the product last year.
7. What I’m going to do in this lecture is to focus on something very specific.
8. A good education gives your child a head start in life.
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.
【即学即练】
(1)I wish she would try (try) again in a few minutes.
(2)How he wished he were (be) a free bird！
(3)I wish you had come (come) to my birthday party last night.
2. 原句：As an adult， one of the first questions you are asked when meeting someone new is， “What do you do？”
【即学即练】
(1)We sat on a large rock and took in the view， while eating our sandwiches and pointing (point) out islands and roads and， of course， the cottage where we were staying.
(2)Though laughed (laugh) at， he won’t give up his dream.
(3)Unless invited (invite) to speak， you should remain silent at the conference.
(4)When I was visiting him， I noticed for the first time a sense of vulnerability on his face.
→ When visiting him ， I noticed for the first time a sense of vulnerability on his face.
Ⅳ. 完形填空
I had reached the age of twenty－eight. Still， I 1 whether the letter from my past would make it to me， all these years later. It was a(n) 2 writing task from when I was eighteen. The teacher collected our letters to our 3 selves in self－addressed envelopes with stamps and promised to 4 them ten years later. But since so much time had passed， would he even 5 ？
Thinking back on the 6 ， I recalled giving my future self some advice. When you’re eighteen years old， twenty－eight seems like a 7 age， but I wasn’t feeling as mature as I believed my younger self had 8 me to be.
When the letter finally reached me， I opened it 9 . It began， “How much do you bet this letter will never get to you？” It continued to greet me casually 10 we were having an IM (instant messaging) chat. As a senior in high school， facing the approaching SATs and college application， my eighteen－year－old self was so 11 ！ She was apparently not quite happy and hoped I wouldn’t worry so much in the future， and that I wouldn’t forget to be present and enjoy my life！
12 to my belief， my eighteen－year－old self did not have any demands of me， or expectations I might have failed to meet. Instead， she wrote， “I’ll 13 whatever you do. Even if you are not the one I’m imagining now， I’ll support you， because maybe who I’m imagining is someone else， but you’re not someone else， you’re me.”
I was 14 ， and tears welled up in my eyes at this self－acceptance through time. I had put a lot of pressure on myself to be the best version of myself that I could be. 15 ， I came to realise what I would have accomplished in ten years would pale in comparison to how I’d feel and who I’d be.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者18岁时做过一项创造性的写作任务，老师把学生们写给未来自己的信装在信封里，并答应十年后寄出。当作者终于收到那封信后意识到，与作者的感受和将成为什么样的人相比，作者在十年内所能取得的成就是微不足道的。
( C )1. A. believed B. bet
C. doubted D. considered
【解析】 考查动词。句意：尽管如此，这么多年过去了，我还是怀疑过去的那封信是否还能送到我手中。根据下文 “whether the letter from my past would make it to me” 可知，作者对信能否如时到来持怀疑态度。
( B )2. A. hopeless B. creative
C. urgent D. tough
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：这是我18岁时做过的一项创造性的写作任务。根据下文老师要我们给未来的自己写信可知，这应当是一项创造性的写作。
( C )3. A. inner B. painful
C. future D. young
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：老师把我们写给未来的自己的信装在一个有邮票的回邮信封里，并答应十年后寄出。根据下文“ten years later”可知，这些信写给了未来的自己。
( B )4. A. correct B. mail
C. answer D. write
【解析】 考查动词。句意同上题。联系语境可知，在写完信之后，应当邮寄出去了，B项符合语境。
( A )5. A. remember B. understand
C. mind D. remain
【解析】 考查动词。句意：但这么长时间过去了，他还会记得吗？根据上文“since so much time had passed”可知，此处指的是，这么长时间过去了，老师是否还记得。
( D )6. A. application B. comment
C. study D. letter
【解析】 考查名词。句意：回想起那封信，我想起了给未来的自己提的一些建议。根据上文可知，此处指的是那封写给自己的信。
( A )7. A. grown－up B. painful
C. made－up D. promising
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：当你18岁的时候，28岁似乎是一个成年人的年龄，但我并没有像年轻时的自己所期望的那样成熟。根据常理可知，相对于18岁的青少年来说，28岁就是一个成年人的年龄了。
( D )8. A. promised B. convinced
C. encouraged D. expected
【解析】 考查动词。句意同上题。根据上文“but I wasn’t feeling as mature as I believed my younger self” 可知，此处指的是作者在18岁时想象自己十年后的样子，那时一定是充满期待和希望的，D项符合语境。
( C )9. A. calmly B. cautiously
C. eagerly D. naturally
【解析】 考查副词。句意：当我终于收到那封信时，我急切地打开了它。根据上文作者一直怀疑是否能收到那封信的忐忑心情可知，当她收到信之后，应该是很急切地打开。
( D )10. A. even if B. so that
C. now that D. as if
【解析】 考查短语。句意：它继续漫不经心地向我打招呼，就像我们在进行即时通信聊天一样。根据后文“we were having an IM (instant messaging) chat”可知，此处是表示“好像”。
( D )11. A. depressed B. ambitious
C. carefree D. stressed
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文的 “facing the approaching SATs and college application”可知，作者18岁时，要面临很多的考验，因此一定会感到很有压力。
( A )12. A. Contrary B. Honest
C. Surprised D. Strange
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：与我的信念相反，18岁的我对自己没有任何要求，也没有任何我未能实现的期望。根据下文 “my eighteen－year－old self did not have any demands of me” 可知，当时的作者与现在的自己是不同的，信念是相反的。
( C )13. A. stand for B. stand with
C. stand by D. stand out
【解析】 考查动词短语。句意：无论你做什么我都支持。联系语境可知，无论未来的自己做什么，18岁的作者都会选择支持。
( B )14. A. guilty B. touched
C. embarrassed D. nervous
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：我很受感动，随着时间的推移，这种自我接纳使我热泪盈眶。根据下文“tears welled up in my eyes”可知，作者很感动。
( D )15. A. Besides B. Therefore
C. Then D. However
【解析】 考查副词。句意：然而，我开始意识到，与我的感受和我将成为什么样的人相比，我在十年内所能取得的成就将是微不足道的。根据该空格的上下文可以看出，此处表示意义上的转折，应用however。
Ⅴ. 课文语法填空
It is common that an adult 1 (ask) about his or her job. That’s because the career defines your life. It is 2 (true) necessary to think about your career plan， even when you are still at school. It is not always easy to decide 3 which career you’ll take in the future. Some people know what they want to do from a young age， but many others just have a few ideas 4 (bounce) around in their heads.
One of the most 5 (effect) ways to get an insight on a possible career path is to complete a “career aptitude test”， 6 results will tell you about your strengths and interests， and some tests also suggest careers you may be suited 7 . There are various kinds of career aptitude tests and one popular test asks 8 (participant) to grade their preferences for a variety of work tasks. Their answers are then analysed.
In 9 (conclude)， career aptitude tests are really a useful tool and they can be meant for guidance. However， the real secret to a good career 10 (be) finding something you are passionate about.
1. is asked
【解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：成年人被问到自己的工作是很常见的。根据下文可知，此处要用一般现在时；联系语境可知，an adult与ask之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；由于主语an adult为单数，因此be动词应用第三人称单数形式。
2. truly
【解析】 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处需用一个副词修饰形容词necessary。
3. on/upon
【解析】 考查介词。decide on/upon是固定搭配，表示“决定；选定”。此处表示“决定将来从事什么样的工作”。
4. bouncing
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处表示“另一些人只有一些想法在脑子里蹦来蹦去”。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非谓语动词作定语修饰ideas， bounce与其逻辑主语ideas之间为主动关系，且此处是陈述一种客观事实，应用现在分词形式。
5. effective
【解析】 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处需用形容词修饰名词ways。
6. whose
【解析】 考查定语从句引导词。此处表示“职业能力测试的结果会告诉你你的优点和爱好”。设空处引导定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语。
7. to/for
【解析】 考查介词。分析句子成分可知，“you may be suited”为省略了关系词的定语从句，先行词为careers， be suited to/for…是固定搭配，意为 “适合……”。
8. participants
【解析】 考查名词的数。此处表示“让参与者依据他们对多种工作任务的喜好打分”。联系语境可知，此处参与者不止一人，应用名词的复数形式。
9. conclusion
【解析】 考查名词。介词in后应用名词，in conclusion是固定搭配，意为“总之”。
10. is
【解析】 考查主谓一致和时态。此处表示“找到好工作的秘诀就是找到你热爱的事情”。主语为the real secret，为单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式；综合上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Children expect justice (just) from their parents.
2. He was a ccused of cheating in the 2008 Olympic Games.
3. He looked at the shop window with greedy (greed) eyes.
4. The noise made it hard for me to focus on work.
5. It is your attitude， rather than your a ptitude that determines your altitude.
6. I attached my r esume to my letter to apply for the job.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——复习长难句
运用长难句分析技巧分析下列长难句，并将其翻译成汉语。
1. What Winter knows of the 19－year－old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honour his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation (移植).
(1)分析：此句的主语为 “What Winter knows of the 19－year－old who saved his life”，是一个 主语从句 ，其中又包含了一个由who引导的 定语从句 ；is为主干句的系动词，后面的that引导两个并列的 表语从句 。
(2)句意： 温特只知道这位19岁的救命恩人死于车祸，他的家人愿意履行他的遗愿，捐献他的器官用于移植 。
2. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented (发酵) would kill off the yeast (酵母菌) that was left in the wine， with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.
(1)分析：此句的主语为 Pasteur ，谓语是 discovered ，第一个that引导的是 宾语从句 ，在这个从句中after引导的是 状语从句 。第二个that引导的是 定语从句 。第三个that引导的是 同位语从句 。
(2)句意： 巴斯德发现，葡萄酒发酵后，轻轻加热几分钟就会杀死葡萄酒中残留的酵母菌，从而使葡萄酒长时间保持新鲜 。
3. The idea of returning to the basics in the classroom—a notion (概念，观点) which， incidentally (顺便说一下)， has been quietly supported for years by many respected teachers—is finally gaining some currency with school administrators (管理者).
(1)分析： 两个破折号中间的内容是对前半句的补充说明。
(2)句意： 在课堂上回归基础的想法——顺便说一句，这个想法多年来一直得到许多倍受尊敬的老师的默默支持——终于在学校管理者中得到了一些认同 。
4. The magazine is male－targeting because young guys generally won’t pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females， whereas girls usually will.
(1)分析：…girls usually will后省略了 pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females 。
(2)句意： 这本杂志以男性为目标受众，因为年轻男性一般不会拿起一本似乎是面向女性的杂志，而女孩通常会这样做 。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
Many of us have characteristics coming from our families. Maybe we have our father’s eyes or grandmother’s hair colour. But there are still other elements of our personalities picked up by 1 our parents， such as our mother’s love of cleaning or our dad’s sense of humour. Researchers learn there are usually three kinds of people from their 2 .
The first kind of people are the job－oriented (以求职为目的的) who 3 to regard a job as simply a way to make money. They 4 to working day after day and don’t think it interesting for them to do anything else. If you have a job－oriented father， you may view work this way. However， you’ll not 5 hold the viewpoint if you grow up close to your job－oriented mother.
The second are the career－oriented who see their jobs as a place to gain 6 . They don’t mind working overtime. In fact， some 7 their jobs so much that they are feeling more comfortable in the 8 than at home. They are always proud of making progress in their work. Being close to a career－oriented father 9 you’ll carry on your father’s. 10 enough， having a mother with this viewpoint seems to have little 11 .
The third are the calling－oriented who consider their jobs as a way to have a 12 effect on the world. They are more concerned about improving the world around them than 13 a large salary. These people usually come from homes 14 both parents have abilities. This suggests that adolescents need the support of both parents in order to have the confidence.
The good news is that we still have our 15 to find a career that suits us.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究将人们的工作观念分为三种类型：以求职为目的、以事业为目的、以使命感为目的，而持不同观念的人都会或多或少地影响到自己的下一代。
( D )1. A. inviting B. nursing
C. protecting D. modelling
【解析】 考查动词。此处表示“但是还有其他一些性格特质来自我们对父母的模仿”。结合本段的主题——家庭遗传和继承可知，这里是指我们通过模仿父母、以父母为榜样形成自己的个性特征。
( A )2. A. study B. university
C. academy D. classroom
【解析】 考查名词。句意：研究人员从他们的研究中发现一般可以把人分为三种。根据常理可知，研究人员是做研究的，自然最终是从其研究结果中得到答案。study在此处意为“研究”。
( C )3. A. attempt B. manage
C. tend D. offer
【解析】 考查动词。句意：第一种人是以求职为目的的，他们倾向于把工作仅视为一种赚钱的手段。由语境可知，这里是在进一步说明以求职为目的的人的特点，但一般我们不会把结论说得太绝对，只能说有某种倾向或可能。
( C )4. A. are supposed B. are opposed
C. look forward D. are linked
【解析】 考查动词短语。句意：他们期待着日复一日地工作，对其他事没有任何兴趣。从该句中刻画的“工作狂”形象不难推测出，他们对工作是满怀期待的。
( C )5. A. frequently B. constantly
C. probably D. potentially
【解析】 考查副词。句意：然而，如果你是在“工作狂”母亲身边长大的话，可能就不会持这种观念了。由“However”可知，此处和前文的意思形成转折，因此这里指的是和有一个“工作狂”父亲相比不太一样的情况，表示推测。C项表示“可能”，符合语境。
( D )6. A. explanations B. expressions
C. directions D. achievements
【解析】 考查名词。句意：第二种人是以事业为目的的，他们会把工作看作获取成就的机会。第二种人事业心强，与下文出现的“making progress” 结合可知，此处应指他们希望通过工作来获得成就感。
( B )7. A. addict B. value
C. devote D. contribute
【解析】 考查动词。句意：事实上有些人特别重视自己的工作，以至于他们待在办公室要比待在家里更舒服。此处在进一步说明第二种人对待工作的态度。他们把工作看得特别重要，value 表示“重视”。
( B )8. A. club B. office
C. cinema D. pub
【解析】 考查名词。句意同上题。由语境可知，这里凸显的是第二种人对于工作的重视程度，因此对比的环境应当是家里和办公室。
( B )9. A. equals B. means
C. demands D. shows
【解析】 考查动词。句意：与一个以事业为目的的父亲亲近，意味着你会继承他的特质。本文分别介绍了三种不同工作观念的父母对子女的影响。means 表示“意味着”，说明一种结果。
( D )10. A. Worriedly B. Surely
C. Carefully D. Strangely
【解析】 考查副词。句意：奇怪的是，和这样的母亲相处似乎不会受到什么影响。父亲会影响子女，母亲却不会产生什么影响，这是让人感到奇怪、疑惑的地方。
( A )11. A. influence B. evidence
C. justice D. performance
【解析】 考查名词。句意同上题。同样与前句对照，第二种类型的父亲会对子女的工作观念产生很大影响，这里表示转折，应当指以事业为目的的母亲对子女的影响微乎其微。
( D )12. A. negative B. side
C. bad D. positive
【解析】 考查形容词。句意：第三种人是以使命感为目的的，他们会认为自己的工作对整个世界都有积极的作用。既然是对工作有使命感的人，一定会认为自己做的事情对世界有意义，有积极的影响。
( C )13. A. paying B. raising
C. earning D. making
【解析】 考查动词。句意：他们更关心改善周围的世界，而不是赚取高薪。由空格后的 “a large salary”并结合语境可知，此处表示“挣大钱”，C项符合语境。
( A )14. A. where B. whose
C. which D. that
【解析】 考查定语从句引导词。句意：这些人通常来自父母能力都比较强的家庭。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为homes， 关系词在从句中做地点状语，需要用表示地点的关系副词。
( D )15. A. advice B. difference
C. change D. choice
【解析】 考查名词。句意：好消息是，我们仍然可以自己选择一份适合自己的工作。本文介绍的是父母的事业性格类型对子女的影响，最后话锋一转，要表达“每个人都有自由选择事业的权利”。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
For top students from low－income families， the challenge of applying to colleges is particularly difficult. One in four deal with all of that—the writing， the studying， the researching and applying—completely on their own. One approach to make this whole process easier？ Pair students up with an adviser.
That’s the idea behind CollegePoint， an initiative to help gifted students go to schools that match their intellectual (智力的) ability. When a high school student takes a standardised test—the PSAT， SAT or ACT—and they score in the 90th percentile， and their families make less than$80，000 a year， they get an email from the programme offering them a free adviser. The advisers listen， guide and answer students’ questions.
Connor Rechtzigel， an adviser in Minnesota， sees the importance of his role， for research shows that low－income students are far more likely to undermatch because they don’t think they have what it takes to get in and because many don’t even know what schools are out there. He helped high school senior Justice Benjamin， the first in his family to apply to college， think about what his ideal learning experience was. Finally， Justice narrowed in on smaller schools where he could study environmental science and made his final choice：Skidmore College in New York. He felt empowered by the process.
Figuring out how to pay for college is a major part of what CollegePoint advisers do. Nakhle， an adviser in North Carolina， is working with Hensley， an Ohio high school senior who can’t get extra financial help from her family. They spent a lot of time comparing and analysing her financial－aid award letters， which made her decision much clearer. Finally， The Ohio State University offered an option where she would pay nothing. Staying in－state wasn’t her first choice， but it was the best option for her.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款帮助来自低收入家庭的优等生申请合适大学的虚拟建议程序。
( A )1. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. How CollegePoint works.
B. The goal of CollegePoint.
C. Ways to apply for a free adviser.
D. The challenge of choosing colleges.
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段“That’s the idea behind CollegePoint， an initiative to help gifted students go to schools …guide and answer students’ questions.”可知，本段讲述了CollegePoint的顾问们对那些大学考试分数过关，但是家庭年收入不到8万美元的高中生提供免费的选择大学方面的指导。由此可知，本段讲述了CollegePoint是如何运作的。
( B )2. What prevents low－income students from attending proper colleges？
A. Overestimating their abilities.
B. Knowing little about colleges.
C. Lack of enough learning experience.
D. Failure to get support from their families.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“…for research shows that low－income students are far more likely to undermatch because they don’t think they have what it takes to get in and because many don’t even know what schools are out there.”可知，研究表明低收入家庭的学生们很可能选择低于自身水平的学校，因为他们不了解大学。
( D )3. Why did Hensley finally choose the Ohio State University？
A. She didn’t want to stay far from home.
B. Her favourite major was provided there.
C. She would show her talents to the full.
D. The university met her financial needs.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nakhle， an adviser in North Carolina， is working with Hensley， an Ohio high school senior who can’t get extra financial help from her family…Finally， The Ohio State University offered an option where she would pay nothing.”可知，家境贫寒的Hensley和北卡罗来纳州的顾问一起分析她的助学金授予函，使得她的大学选择更清晰。由此可知，Hensley选择俄亥俄州立大学是因为这个大学符合她的经济需求。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He is a f ox in a lamb’s skin， so you must watch out for him.
2. We should submit our plans to the c ouncil for approval.
3. A c amel is called a ship of the desert.
4. My mother can k nit sweaters out of wool.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
attend to from all over the world
help sb out apply for
be keen on assist sb in
1. I can’t work out this maths problem. Please help me out .
2. I have received thousands of good－wish cards and gifts from all over the world .
3. The monitor assists the teacher in managing the class.
4. I made up my mind to apply for a scholarship.
5. She has been keen on the ballet since she was a little girl.
6. I’ve got some unfinished business to attend to .
Ⅲ. 重要句型
1. 原句：With my proficiency in Chinese calligraphy， I could also conduct classes for your visitors to help them learn more about this beautiful aspect of Chinese culture.
【即学即练】
(1)Once we walked into the room， there lay Grandma， looking peaceful yet painful with so many tubes attached (attach) to her.
(2)With the college entrance examination drawing (draw) near， I am engaged in preparing for it.
2. 原句：Please find my CV attached.
【即学即练】
(1)陪审团判定被告人有罪。
The jury found the accused person guilty .
(2)他发现那个男孩正在偷钱。
He found the boy stealing money .
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
There is no point destroying your peace of mind and happiness by taking the wrong job. Society may pressure you into grabbing whatever you can get. If you do not have a set path that must be taken， then you have the opportunity to choose something you will not only be paid for doing， but enjoy.
One of the best ways of finding a suitable career is to determine your personality type. It may seem obvious that the creative type does not really find much pleasure in a job as a butcher or dry cleaning assistant， and that a weak character may not find happiness in a career based on teaching or leading a team.
To find the best job for your personality type， the first step is to know what and who you really are. If you already know your style， you can search for suitable employment； however， if you are uncertain， there are ways that will help you discover what and who you are. For example， an employment centre， a career adviser， or an online quiz can help you.
Taking my own situation for example， I am definitely a creative type. Besides， I prefer to be my own boss or， if I cannot， at least I want to rely on a boss I truly both respect and admire. I do not like telling people what to do， or being told what to do. I do not relate well to regular 9－to－5 hours. I do not feel satisfied being paid a high wage for a bad job. I feel much happier at bining my creativity， independence， and desire to stay at home， my ideal career would be running a home－operated business involving creativity. I actually happen to have chosen this solution； I am a writer， poet， author and publisher. I have suited my career to my personality type.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己为例，告诉我们要根据自己的性格类型来选择职业。
( B )1. The first paragraph is used as a(n) .
A. example B. introduction
C. conclusion D. contrast
【解析】 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文重点在于说明找工作时，个性所发挥的作用。阅读第一段内容可看出，本段意在引入文章话题。
( C )2. The author thinks in order to find the right job we should first know about .
A. something about employment centre
B. online job markets
C. our personality types
D. the economic situation
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话 “One of the best ways of finding a suitable career is to determine your personality type.” 可知，作者认为找到合适的职业最好的方式之一就是确定自己的个性类型。
( D )3. Which of the following statements about the author is TRUE？
A. He prefers to rely on his colleagues.
B. He dislikes home－operated businesses.
C. He likes giving orders to others and doesn’t like facing orders.
D. He doesn’t like the usual way of doing things.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “Besides， I prefer to be my own boss or， if I cannot， at least I want to rely on a boss I truly both respect and admire…I do not relate well to regular 9－to－5 hours.” 可知，作者更喜欢自己做老板，而不想告诉别人做什么，或被告知做什么，更不喜欢常规的朝九晚五的工作。由此可推知，作者是一个不愿意按常规方式做事的人。
( D )4. What is the main idea of the passage？
A. Creativity and chances of success.
B. Jobs and your peace of mind.
C. Following the set path and making life easier.
D. Finding the right job for your personality type.
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要围绕找工作时个性类型所扮演的重要角色这个话题展开议论，D项准确地概括了文章的主旨。
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
Choosing a major is a very important thing in our life. However， at the same time， it can be extremely challenging. So it’s necessary to learn some simple tips that will make your decision much easier. 1 . And how does that choice affect your future career？ We can help guide you in choosing a major.
Your major is your primary field of study in your undergraduate (大学本科生的) programme. It is the subject in which you earn your bachelor’s degree. After completing a list of general education courses， you spend the rest of the time studying one subject of your choice. 2 .
For many students， it’s best to try out different classes to figure out a major you’ll like， but you need to have a couple of solid choices. 3 ， you should begin taking courses you are required to complete before graduation， so it will decrease your chances of needing to switch majors later because you already know what to expect.
4 ， you should begin thinking about how your field will lead to a job as soon as possible. Consider clubs， research programmes and part－time jobs related to potential career choices for your major.
For more career－specific majors like nursing and engineering， the majority of your studies will include skills that can be used in a future job. 5 . The sooner you begin working in a lab， on research projects or helping as a teaching assistant for a professor， the better you’ll be able to figure out your career.
A. You have to think of ways to choose a major
B. Be sure that you choose a major that suits your interests
C. Once you have a better idea of which major you like best
D. While your major may or may not lead directly to a career
E. Do some research to find out which majors can help you get that job
F. Roughly one－third to one－half of your courses will be related to your major
G. However， you should still consider doing activities outside of the classroom to better prepare yourself
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何选取主修课程给出了一些实用性的建议。
1. A
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格前一句 “So it’s necessary to learn some simple tips that will make your decision much easier.” 可知，作者引出了要学习一些相关技巧的意义；而根据空格后一句 “And how does that choice affect your future career？” 可推知，该空格应当讲述的是有关做出选择的事情，A项符合语境。
2. F
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格前一句 “After completing a list of general education courses， you spend the rest of the time studying one subject of your choice.”可知，完成公共课程后，剩下的时间都将花在学习选择的科目上。作者此处是在论述有关学习的课程。F项“大约三分之一到一半的课程与你的专业相关”承接上文。
3. C
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格后的“you should begin taking courses you are required to complete before graduation”可知，应当是先选定专业，然后开始修读必须完成的课程。C项“一旦你知道了自己最喜欢的专业”与下文衔接最顺畅。
4. D
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据下文“你应该开始思考如何能尽快在自己的专业领域找到一份工作”可知，D项“尽管你的专业可能直接或间接决定你的职业生涯”与下文衔接最顺畅。
5. G
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文提到的“对于护理和工程等更具职业针对性的专业，你的大部分学习将包括在未来工作中可以使用的技能”，并结合下文可知，G项“然而，你应该考虑做一些课外活动，以更好地为自己做准备”与上下文衔接最顺畅。
Ⅵ. 语法填空
When thinking about careers， professional advancement， or even job hunting， we usually attach 1 (important) to the so－called “hard skills”， meaning skills 2 are directly connected to our ability to perform a particular task or do a certain job. These skills can be evaluated or measured， as they are the results of 3 (we) degrees， certificates， specialised knowledge， continuing education， vocational (职业的) training， and so on.
“Soft skills”， on the other hand， are harder 4 (measure) than “hard skills”， as they usually do not come from a degree or specialised training， 5 from life experience， personality， and attitude. They 6 (call) “people skills” as they 7 (typical) relate， in some forms， to how we deal or interact with other people. Are we able to motivate and lead people？ Can we communicate well with others？
Some commonly 8 (mention) soft skills would include creativity， teamwork， written and verbal communication， management leadership， flexibility， and organisation. These types of skills are vital， as they help to form 9 well－rounded person. They can provide a competitive edge for people who are in search 10 jobs. Soft skills are relevant to every industry or job， because people are always the key， in one way or another.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在考虑职业发展甚至找工作时，“硬技能”，即与我们执行特定任务或完成特定工作的能力直接相关的技能固然重要，但是“软技能”比“硬技能”更难评估或衡量，因为它们通常不是来自学位或专业培训，而是来自生活经验、个性和态度。
1. importance
【解析】 考查名词。句意：在考虑职业发展甚至找工作时，我们通常会重视所谓的“硬技能”，即与我们执行特定任务或完成特定工作的能力直接相关的技能。attach importance to意为“重视”，所以此处应用名词importance表示“重要性”作宾语。
2. which/that
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意同上题。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为skills，指物，所以应用关系代词which或that。
3. our
【解析】 考查代词。句意：这些技能是可以评估或衡量的，因为它们是我们获得学位、证书、专业知识、继续教育和职业培训等的结果。修饰名词应用形容词性物主代词our，表示“我们的”。
4. to measure
【解析】 考查动词不定式。句意：另一方面，“软技能”比“硬技能”更难评估或衡量，因为它们通常不是来自学位或专业培训，而是来自生活经验、个性和态度。“be hard to do sth”为固定句式，意为“很难做某事”，所以此处应用to do不定式。
5. but
【解析】 考查连词。句意同上题。not…but…为固定句式，意为“不是……而是……”，所以此处应用but。
6. are called
【解析】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它们被称为“人际技能”，因为它们通常和我们如何与他人打交道或互动有关。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。动词call意为“称作”，和主语构成被动关系。主语they为复数形式，所以谓语动词用复数。
7. typically
【解析】 考查副词。句意同上题。此处修饰动词应用副词typically，表示“通常”，作状语。
8. mentioned
【解析】 考查过去分词。句意：一些通常提到的“软技能”包括创造力、团队合作、书面和口头沟通、管理领导力、灵活性和组织能力。动词mention意为“提到”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语soft skills构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作定语。
9. a
【解析】 考查冠词。句意：这些技能是至关重要的，因为它们有助于形成一个全面发展的人。person意为“人”，为可数名词，此处well－rounded person第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指；well的开头发音为辅音，所以用a。
10. of
【解析】 考查介词。句意：他们可以为正在找工作的人提供竞争优势。in search of意为“寻找”，为固定搭配。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Does everyone want a challenging job？ In spite of all the attention focused by the media， academicians， and social scientists on human potential and the needs of individuals， there is no evidence to support that the vast majority of workers want challenging jobs. Some individuals prefer highly complex and challenging jobs； others develop in simple， routine work.
The individual－difference variable (变量) that seems to gain the greatest support for explaining who prefers a challenging job and who doesn’t is the strength of an individual’s needs for personal growth and self－direction at work. Individuals with these higher－order growth needs are more responsive for challenging work. What percentage of ordinary workers actually desire higher－order need satisfactions and will respond positively to challenging jobs？ No current data is available， but a study from the 1970s estimated the figure at about 15％. Even after adjusting for changing work attitudes and the growth in white－collar jobs， it seems unlikely that the number today exceeds 40％.
The strongest voice advocating challenging jobs has not been workers—it’s been professors， social science researchers， and media people. Professors， researchers， and journalists undoubtedly made their career choices， to some degree， because they wanted jobs that gave them autonomy， recognition and challenges. That， of course， is their choice. But for them， to force their needs onto the workforce in general is presumptuous (冒昧的).
Not every employee is looking for a challenging job. Many workers meet their higher－order need off the job. There are 168 hours in every individual’s week. Work rarely consumes more than 30％ of this time. That leaves considerable opportunities， even for individuals with strong growth needs， to find higher－order need satisfaction outside the workplace. So don’t feel you have a responsibility to create challenging jobs for all your employees.
For many people， work is something that will never excite or challenge them. And they don’t expect to find their growth opportunities at work. Work is merely something they have to do to pay their bills. They can find challenges outside of work on the golf course， fishing， at their local pubs， with their friends in social clubs， with their family， and the like.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，文章围绕人们是否需要有挑战性的工作展开讨论，阐述了并非人人都喜欢有挑战性的工作，其实喜欢有挑战性工作的人占比很小这一事实，并分析了哪些人喜欢有挑战性的工作。
( C )1. What makes people choose challenging jobs？
A. Positive responses.
B. Work attitudes.
C. Higher－order growth needs.
D. Personal self－direction.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，有高端成长需求的人对有挑战性的工作反应更积极。由此可知，有些人喜欢有挑战性的工作是因为他们有高端成长的需求。
( B )2. Who is the least likely to prefer a challenging job？
A. College professors.
B. Construction workers.
C. Social researchers.
D. Media journalists.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，最喜欢挑战性工作的群体是教授、社会科学研究者和媒体工作者，因此B项“建筑工人”最不可能喜欢有挑战性的工作。
( D )3. The passage is intended for .
A. job－hunters B. researchers
C. graduates D. employers
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，没有证据表明大多数工人喜欢有挑战性的工作；根据最后一段内容可知，“不要以为你有责任给你的员工都安排有挑战性的工作”是在给老板提建议。由此可以推断出，本文是写给老板的。故选 D。
B
Choosing a major， which is the specialised area of your college study， can be overwhelming. But have no fear！ Your choice of major will not lock you into a specific career for the rest of your life. And the major you choose will neither predict nor guarantee your future. Consider these factors when picking your major.
Career Preparation
Choose a major because it will prepare you for a specific career path or advanced study. Maybe you already know that you want to be a nurse， a day trader， or a web developer. Before you declare， take a class or two in the relevant discipline， check out the syllabus for an advanced seminar， and talk to students in the department of your choice. Make sure you’re ready for the coursework required for the career of your dreams.
Earning Potential
Future earning potential is worth considering—college is a big investment， and while college can pay you back in many ways beyond salary， this can be a major factor for students who are paying their own way or taking out loans. According to the Internet， the majors that lead to the highest salaries include just about any type of engineering， actuarial mathematics， computer science， physics， government， and economics. Keep your quality of life in mind， too—that six－figure salary may not be worth it if you’re not happy at the office.
Subjects You Love
Some students choose a major simply because they love the subject matter. If you love what you’re studying， you’re more likely to fully engage with your classes and college experience， and that can mean better grades and great relationships with others in your field. If your calling is philosophy， don’t write it off just because you’re not sure about graduate school， or what the job market holds for philosophers. Many liberal arts majors provide students with critical thinking skills and writing abilities that are highly valued by employers.
Undecided？ Explore Your Interests
If you truly have no idea what you want to study， that’s okay—many schools don’t require students to declare a major until you are a second－year student. That gives you four semesters to play the field. Exploring your interests will help you find your best fit major—and maybe even your ideal career.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在选择专业时需要考虑的一些因素：职业准备、收入潜力、喜欢的科目和兴趣。
( B )4. You don’t need to feel fearful when choosing your major because .
A. your major has completely nothing to do with your future
B. you are not limited to only one particular career for your whole life
C. changing career fields are unavoidable in your life
D. you only spend a little time on whatever subject you choose
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “But have no fear！ Your choice of major will not lock you into a specific career for the rest of your life.” 可知，作者告诉我们，当我们在选择专业时，不需要感到害怕，因为人的一生不会局限于一个特定的职业。
( A )5. The underlined word “discipline” is closest in meaning to .
A. field B. rule
C. theory D. knowledge
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Before you declare， take a class or two in the relevant discipline， check out the syllabus for an advanced seminar， and talk to students in the department of your choice.”可知，此处是指，在决定未来职业之前选修一到两门相关的课程，查看高级研讨班的教学大纲，并与所选专业的学生交谈。由选修相关的课程可以猜测该词意为“领域；学科”，与A项意思相近。
( D )6. What can we infer from the passage？
A. You are advised to choose liberal arts majors for what are provided.
B. Worse grades result from poor relationships with others in college.
C. Employers like liberal arts majors more than science majors in job market.
D. Some students don’t necessarily need to decide their choices of majors upon entering college.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “If you truly have no idea what you want to study， that’s okay—many schools don’t require students to declare a major until you are a second－year student.”可知，很多学校不要求学生在二年级之前申报专业。由此可判断，一些学生在刚进入大学时不一定要决定他们的专业选择。
Ⅱ. 书面表达
计划与愿望
文体感知
计划与愿望包括的内容非常广泛，如对学习、工作、旅游、做义工等社会活动的具体计划，还包括人生计划、奋斗目标或理想等长远打算，以及表达某种愿望或期待，如理想的大学生活、理想的工作等等。
此类写作一般分为三部分：
第一部分，导入话题；
第二部分，阐述理由或具体安排；
第三部分，总结概括。
【素材】
假设你班将以“My Dream Career”为题举办演讲比赛，请你根据以下要求写一篇英语演讲稿，内容包括：
1. 你理想的职业；
2. 选择此职业的原因；
3. 实现此目标的途径。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 演讲稿
话题 未来职业
时态 一般将来时
人称 第一人称
【词汇】
1. 从事…… take up
2. 对……寄予厚望 have great expectation for…
3. 灿烂的风景 brilliant landscapes
4. 取得资格 achieve the qualification
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)他们可以到处旅游， 跟人分享各地风俗文化知识， 同时欣赏美景。
They can travel everywhere， share the knowledge of the local culture and customs and enjoy the brilliant landscapes at the same time.
(2)通过努力学习，我才能取得做导游的资格，妥善服务游客。
I can achieve the qualification and serve the tourists properly by hard work .
2. 句式升级
用倒装句式改写第1小题中的句(2)。
Only by hard work can I achieve the qualification and serve tourists properly.
【妙笔成篇】
My Dream Career
Good morning， everyone！ Today， I feel it an honour to be allowed to give you a speech on the career I will take up in the future. There is no doubt that I have great expectation for the future job as everyone present. And my dream career is to be a tourist guide. From my early age， I have been admiring guides who can travel everywhere， sharing the knowledge of the local culture and customs and enjoying the brilliant landscapes at the same time. In addition， it is a well－paid job. To be a good guide is not an easy job. Only by hard work can I achieve the qualification and serve tourists properly.
Thank you for listening.
