外研版2019选择性必修四Unit 5 Into the unknown单元测试B卷（含解析，含听力原文无音频）

Unit 5 单元测试卷 B
(考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：150 分)
注意事项：
1 ．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2 ．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3 ．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1 ．What do we know about the man
A ．He is a university student.
B ．He is mistaken.
C ．He is waiting for the news.
2 ．What does the woman want the man to do tomorrow
A ．Order a part.
B ．Repair her car.
C ．Give her a ride.
3 ．When was tea first discovered as a drink
A ．About thirty-five centuries ago.
B ．About twenty-five centuries ago.
C ．About fifty centuries ago.
4 ．When was tea first discovered as a drink
A ．About 1, 500 years ago. B ．About 3, 500 years ago. C ．About 5, 000 years ago.
5 ．What sport did the woman do
A ．She played tennis. B ．She played football. C ．She went running.
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分)
试卷第 1 页，共 16 页
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6 ．Why did bakers put an extra piece of bread in a bag in the past
A ．There was more space in the bag.
B ．They wanted to make the customers happy.
C ．They were afraid to be punished for giving too little.
7 ．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A ．Friends. B ．Family members. C ．Strangers.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8 ．Where are the speakers
A ．In a hotel. B ．In a cave. C ．In a university.
9 ．How old are the paintings
A ．Around 500 years old. B ．Around 1 ,000 years old. C ．Around 17,000 years old.
10 ．Who is the man
A ．A professor. B ．A painter. C ．A hotel owner.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11 ．How old are the paintings
A ．About 500 years old. B ．About 1,000 years old. C ．About 17,000 years old.
12 ．What is the man
A ．A professor. B ．A tour guide. C ．A painter.
13 ．Where are the speakers
A ．In a cave. B ．In a hotel. C ．In a college.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小 题。
14 ．What do we know about Beowulf
A ．Its writer is unknown. B ．It is a famous novel. C ．It is easy to understand.
试卷第 2 页，共 16 页
15 ．When was Middle English used
A ．Between about AD 800 and AD 1066.
B ．Between about AD 1066 and AD 1150.
C ．Between about AD 1150 and AD 1500..
16 ．Who is Geoffrey Chauncer
A ．An English historian. B ．A Middle English poet C ．A modern English writer.
17 ．What will the speaker talk about after the break
A ．Modern English. B ．Middle English. C ．Old English.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18 ．Where is the Plimsoll line painted on ships
A ．At the top. B ．At the bottom. C ．On the side.
19 ．Which country did Samuel Plimsoll come from
A ．Britain. B ．France. C ．Italy.
20 ．When did ships first have the line
A ．In the 12th century. B ．In the 19th century. C ．In the 20th century.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you’re studying
history, asking yourself the question “why is history important” is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.
History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse (一瞥) into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded
试卷第 3 页，共 16 页
to the evolution (演变) of your culture can provide.
History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it
enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.
History makes us more empathetic (具有共情能力的). Studying history can give us insight (洞察力) into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we
know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance (无知). We’re scared of the things that we don’t
understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
History can inspire us to learn more. What’s fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It’s almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19re century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for
absolutely anybody.
The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don’t have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.
21 ．People can get a sense of cultural belonging by studying history and .
A ．thinking about the meaning of it
B ．accepting the development of culture
C ．analyzing how they get to the present state
D ．reflecting on their social and economic life
22 ．What can be concluded from Paragraph 4
A ．It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.
B ．People are willing to accept foreign cultures.
C ．Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.
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D ．History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness.
23 ．What could be the best title for the passage
A ．How to Build Cultural Identity B ．Why Studying History Matters
C ．Know the Past, Know the Present D ．History: a Way to Broaden Horizons
B
Judging by the historic record, we’ve been fascinated by our reflections for a long time. Some of the earliest human-made mirrors date to 6200 B. C. in Turkey.
But even back then, mirrors were largely used to assess how beautiful we were. Egyptians paintings and carvings show the upper classes combing their hair and applying thick red, green,
yellow and black cosmetics in front of mirrors. Mirrors were associated from early on with vanity (虚荣).
Through the middle ages, the technology for mirrors was simple: Fashioned from blown
glass, they were usually small and often convex (凸面的). In the Renaissance, Italians began
developing techniques for making flatter glass, and in 1507 hit upon a way of covering the back of the glass with mercury and tin to produce clear mirrors. This new technology was wonderful, but so expensive that nobles sometimes sold property just to afford one. In the 16th and 17th
centuries, mirror making was so costly that it required the investment of half of France’s GDP. By the time the Renaissance was in full flower, wealthy noblemen could get large mirrors in which
they could see their entire body at a glance.
It was a transformative sight. The historian Ian Mortimer believes that mirror were central in developing the modern sense of the individual. “Mankind,” says Mortimer, became “a valid
topic of study in his own right.” As the playwright and novelist Louis-Sebastien Mercler noted in the1780s, wealthy young men would look “ at four mirrors at once to see themselves”. In 1715,
the essayist Richard Steele observed groups of people visiting a London mirror shop, where “ they will certainly be well pleased, for they will have unavoidable opportunities of seeing what they
most like I mean their own dear selves.”
Many others thought nothing of all this self-regard. In the early years of America, “ mirrors were considered, within American society, a kind of luxury that was somewhat shameful. “says
Josiah McElheny, a Brooklyn-based artist who works with mirrors. Some countries leveled taxes
试卷第 5 页，共 16 页
on large mirrors. America’s mirror taxes were so high that if a furniture maker wished to create a full-body-sized reflection without going bankrupt (破产), he had to assemble it from several
smaller mirrors.
It wasn’t until the last decades of the 19th century that the industrial world could finally
make big mirrors cheaply. Production exploded and mirrors quickly passed from luxurious
products for the rich to everyday devices that were affordable among an emerging middle class. In 1897, Sears Roebuck advertised ten-inch-square mirrors for only 50 cents apiece and said: “No
house is complete without a number of small mirrors which are handy in so many rooms.”
24 ．Which of the following statements is true of the mirrors in the Renaissance
A ．They were rather small in size.
B ．They were unaffordable to most people.
C ．They were mostly manufactured in Italy.
D ．They were no longer associated with vanity.
25 ．According to Ian Mortimer, what change did mirrors bring about
A ．Humans started to think of themselves as an individual.
B ．More and more mirrors shops sprang up all over Europe.
C ．Novelists began to write about people’s love for mirrors.
D ．People cared about their appearance for the first time.
26 ．In the early years of America, mirrors .
A ．brought their makers much profit
B ．were regarded as something meaningless
C ．were mostly assembled from small pieces
D ．caused many furniture makers to go bankrupt
27 ．What is the passage mainly about
A ．The transformative sight of mirrors.
B ．The varying enthusiasm for mirrors.
C ．The historic development of mirrors.
D ．The change in people’s attitudes to mirrors.
C
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A system of canals (运河) used to direct and catch fish was found in Belize, establishing
“continuity” between the Mayans and a predecessor (前一代) as they continued to use them. First
believed to have been a Mayan construction, after running numerous radiocarbon dates, researchers from the University of New Hampshire(UNH) made a discovery that these fish-trapping canals were constructed before the powerful Mayan civilization.
The network directed the annual flood waters into a source pool where they could trap
thousands of fish, which were able to feed a growing population. It has been estimated that the
Mayan population numbered eight million. “It seems likely that the canals allowed for annual fish harvests and social meetings, which would have encouraged people to return to this area year after year and stay for longer periods of time,” said Marieka Brouwer Burg, professor at the University of Vermont.
In the largest inland wetland in Belize, Central America, New Hampshire researchers
conducted tests on a large-scale pre-Columbian fish-trapping facility. At first, they never expected that anyone but the Mayans could have constructed such a complex means of catching fish. Yet,
the presence of the canals extended over a thousand years in the past, before the Mayans began to appear, which “surprised” researchers due to its massive size.
“In general, we tend to regard agricultural production as the engine of civilization, but this study tells us that it wasn't just agriculture,” according to Eleanor Harrison-Buck, director of the Belize River East Archaeology project. Collecting samples along the walls, the researchers
investigated carbon levels to determine “environmental changes over time”. With no evidence of crop production in sight, they concluded that these channels served as large-scale fish-trapping
facilities.
“Such intensive investments in fishery show ancient fishers knew how to protect their
resources and use them in a way that could sustain these habitats,” Samantha, professor of
geography at Texas State University, explained. “Knowing how to use canal resources responsibly is essential for the continued availability of these resources both in the past and today.”
28 ．What did the researchers from the UNH find
A ．A fish-trapping skill is kept till today.
B ．Mayan civilization holds great mysteries.
C ．A canal system predates Mayan civilization.
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D ．Canal systems are crucial to ancient people.
29 ．What do we know about the canal network
A ．It linked Maya to the outside. B ．It assisted in Mayan development.
C ．It caused frequent floods in Belize. D ．It promoted the Mayans’ fishing trade.
30 ．Which of the following may Samantha agree with
A ．Sustainable development is a shared topic.
B ．Fishery used to be the main economic source.
C ．Ancient fishers faced special survival pressure.
D ．Ancient Mayans relied heavily on the environment.
31 ．What can be a suitable title of the text
A ．The Rise and Fall of the Mayan Civilization
B ．Eco-Friendly Fishing Defined Ancient Belize
C ．Ancient Fishing Activities Boost Maya Populations
D ．Fish-Trapping Facility Redefines Its Maya Origin
D
Discovering any collection of Paleolithic (旧石器时代的) art is rare, according to Aitor
Ruiz-Redondo, an archaeologist at the University of Zaragoza in Spain. Only about 400 such sites have been found worldwide, and archaeologists all hope to know more about the art. Therefore,
the discovery of more than 100 prehistoric designs, which were created over 24,000 years ago with unique techniques and preserved in a cave due to a lucky chemical occurrence, is simply extraordinary.
Cova Dones, the cave in question, lies close to Spain's eastern coast in Valencia, while most of the country’s ancient art, including the famous prehistoric cave paintings of Altamira, is in
northern Spain. First explored by Ruiz-Redondo and his team in 2021, Cova Dones is home to at least 110 paintings, drawings and carvings. Many of the designs feature animals, like female red deer, wild horses and now-extinct oxen. Besides, most ofCova Dones’ paintings were done in
clay and conserved.
The walls and standing water ofCova Dones are rich in calcium carbonate (碳酸钙), a
natural paints preservative. Early humans likely dug red clay from the cave’s floor and walls and
试卷第 8 页，共 16 页
mixed it with water at their feet. Whether intentionally or not, they created paints that were
strengthened. Over time, water falling into the cave coated their artwork with a layer of calcium carbonate, sticking it to the wall for Ruiz-Redondo to find so many centuries later.
Determining the age of cave art is tough work. Ruiz-Redondo’s team are awaiting a full
laboratory analysis ofCova Dones’ designs, including radiometric age measurement of their
mineral coverings, but until then, a couple of logical approaches have provided some clarity. First, some of the designs are drawn in a style that’s typical of a period about 21,000 to 40,000 years
ago, as evidenced by findings at other Paleolithic sites. Second, a drawing was marked by a cave bear, which went extinct 24,000 years ago, indicating the art is older.
Ruiz-Redondo states that archaeology has always had a romantic part — a sense of
discovery. He adds, “Especially with the paintings, nobody has seen this horse in thousands and thousands and thousands of years, until now.”
32 ．What does the underlined word “preservative” in paragraph 3 refer to
A ．The stable temperature. B ．A fading-resistant technique.
C ．The undisturbed environment. D ．A protective substance.
33 ．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A ．The process of creating the paintings. B ．The challenges of exploring cave art.
C ．The methods of dating cave artworks. D ．The meaning of conserving the works.
34 ．What does the horse painting in Cova Dones mean to Ruiz-Redondo
A ．A connection to the past. B ．A motivation for art research.
C ．A symbol of a regional culture. D ．A representation of romantic art.
35 ．Which is the best title for the passage
A ．An Effective Method of Preserving Prehistoric Art
B ．The Ways to Discover Prehistoric Art
C ．The Effort in Determining the Age of Prehistoric Art
D ．An Extraordinary Archaeological Discovery of Prehistoric Art
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选
试卷第 9 页，共 16 页
项。
Past inter-regional interactions in the Eurasian Continent shaped our world in numerous
ways. ★It is critically important to understand how such interactions evolved in time, extended to larger areas, and exerted increasing influence over cultures. 36 , which were based on
evidence such as human migration, the transmission of domesticated crops, and the diffusion of pottery and metallurgical technologies.
However, before and during much of the Bronze Age, the spread of population, materials, and innovations remained generally time-consuming, suggesting limited intensity of long-range
communications. For instance, wheat did not reach the lower Yellow River in China until six
millennia after its domestication in West Asia. 37 , when Chinese Warring States silk,
mirrors and lacquer appeared in contemporaneous (同时期的)burials in Siberia and Inner Asia,
and remote regions were recorded in Roman and Chinese literature. At the dawn of a surge in
transcontinental material exchange, the Han Dynasty’s envoy Zhang Qian was sent for missions into Asia’s heartland in the late second century BC. 38 . The preceding period, i.e., the 1st millennium BC, is therefore vital for the decisive acceleration and integration of the long-distance interactions in Eurasia.
39 , and can be used to investigate long-distance interactions. Glass had a diverse
history of origin and dispersal (传播). Soda glass was first manufactured in the Near East, and
subsequently in Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia. Potash glass can be found in South,
Southeast, and East Asia, as well as in Europe. Lead-barium glass first appeared in China and was also found in other parts of East Asia. The emergence of glass-making technology in East Asia
during the 1st millennium BC is an open question. Archaeological investigations of early Chinese glass have revealed the presence of all three major groups, suggesting a period active in cultural interaction and technological exploration. 40 .
试卷第 10 页，共 16 页
A ．This situation had changed by the second century BC
B ．Recent studies have revealed prehistoric connections in Eurasia
C ．Worldwide research on ancient glass began in the early 20th century
D ．Man-made glass is one of the truly transnational products of civilization
E ．It was an event conventionally considered as the beginning of the historical Silk Road
F ．These early artifacts are essential for determining the origin of Chinese and Asian glass
G ．The earliest ancient glass artifacts found in China date back to the Western Han Dynasty
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分 30 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little
remained of the occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was, also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. This guess that the burial was actually of a powerful woman, possibly a local ruler in her own right rather than just the wife of a male king.
This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina
Salmela of the University of Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more . Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman.
In 1968 working out the of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much . But that was before the use of DNA became possible. So Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela thought it worth trying again.
Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find
DNA from a Y-chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was . And, looking at a fragment of femur brought to her by Ms. Moilanen, who is the archaeologist in the ,
Dr. Salmela, who is the geneticist, did indeed find such DNA. But not much ofit. That led her to
试卷第 11 页，共 16 页
wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y.
Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The
particular XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. To determine the
occupant’s karyotype (染色体组型) from the tiny amount of DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew with living people. The grave delivered 8,329 pieces, so she used a computer to draw samples of
similar size from the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes, to contamination. She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned bad indeed had
Klinefelter’s syndrome.
While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They confirmed that it was a burial. For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led to that in a world then dominated by male values is a matter of puzzle. Perhaps the person came from a
family powerful enough for such things not to matter.
41 ．A ．therefore B ．what’s more C ．nevertheless D ．for instance
42 ．A ．intensified B ．classified C ．dismissed D ．compared
43 ．A ．dull B ．engaging C ．unpleasant D ．frightening
44 ．A ．in question B ．at large C ．by comparison D ．with doubt
45 ．A ．composition B ．age C ．sex D ．origin
46 ．A ．distinct B ．unidentified C ．alike D ．broken
47 ．A ．female B ．old C ．young D ．male
48 ．A ．cooperation B ．authority C ．institute D ．adventure
49 ．A ．restored B ．extra C ．missing D ．dominant
50 ．A ．requirement B ．interest C ．combination D ．emphasis
51 ．A ．inspirations B ．lessons C ．inferences D ．comparisons
52 ．A ．eliminate B ．monitor C ．imitate D ．generate
53 ．A ．rejected B ．concluded C ．recalled D ．confessed
54 ．A ．high-status B ．secret C ．religious D ．peaceful
55 ．A ．conclusion B ．evidence C ．respect D ．solution
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第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For more than 3,500 years the mummified remains of the Xiaohe people lay 56 (disturbed) in a desert cemetery in Xinjiang in western China. Then, in 1979, a team of
archaeologists got their hands on them. Among the treasures they dug up were the 57 (mystery) and also the oldest preserved cheese in the world.
Writing in the journal Cell on September 25th, a team of researchers led by Fu Qiaomei
from the Chinese Academy of Sciences now reports the first genetic analysis of the sour cheese.
Their results paint a picture of a rich Bronze Age culture that 58 (exchange) animals with other peoples and may have helped spread cheese around East Asia. Why they were buried with
the stuff, though, remains imperfectly 59 (understand).
During their analysis, Dr Fu’s team identified DNA from a goat 60 milk went into the cheeses, before comparing it with 185 previously sequenced goat mitochondrial genomes. The genetic profile of the Xiaohe goat was similar to 61 of goats belonging to ancient
Eurasian steppe (大草原) people, meaning the Xiaohe may have learned animal husbandry (农牧业) and cheese-making from them.
The authors speculate that the cheese was an attractive alternative to raw milk, 62 is 63 (rich) in lactose (乳糖) to which many modern-day Asian people are intolerant. But it is possible that it was the milk drink, rather than the cheese, 64 was the main attraction, says Paul Kindstedt, a cheese chemist and historian from the University of Vermont.
Dr Kindstedt thinks the genetic analysis of the 3,500-year-old sour cheese is the first
example 65 (cast) light on the ancient Chinese culture and reveal secrets about numerous other cultures.
第四部分 写作(满分 40 分)
第一节、书信写作
66．下表是关于自然界之谜“ 百慕大三角（Bermuda Triangle）”的一些信息, 请根据此表写一
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篇 80 词左右的英语短文, 介绍“ 百慕大三角”。
地理位置 发生的怪事 人们的猜测
位于百慕大和佛罗里达之间的大西洋西部。 自 1945 年以来, 数以百计的飞机和船只, 以及一千多人在这里神秘失踪, 没留下任何痕迹。 外星人在作怪; 当地特殊的天气条件; 没人给出让人信服的理由。
注意:
1. 短文应包含所给信息内容;
2, 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。参考词汇: 残骸 wreckage
_
第二节 读后续写
67 ．阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150 左右。
The magic necklace
Josie went to her grandmother’s house for summer holiday. One day, when Grandma was
making lunch, Josie felt bored and wanted to do something interesting. She saw an old and dusty box in her room. She was digging through her grandmother’s things in the box when she found a necklace with a big purple stone in it. The stone, shining with inner light, was so beautiful that she loved it so much. She sat down on the floor, stared at the stone and became lost in the necklace,
trying to see what was within the stone.
However, she did not notice the world around her became foggy and began to fade. The
lines between worlds began to be unclear, and when she finally shook her head and tried to wake
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up, she found that she was in another world! She was surprised and excited, because things had become so different in this world.
The sky looked strange, because it was purple. The grass was blue, and the trees around her were tall. Bugs of bright colours and different shapes flew around her, and the light came from a pair of suns in the sky. Nearby, pink water flowed at a black sand beach. Everything was so
different and interesting.
She walked around for a time, amazed by what she saw. She walked along the beach,
feeling the black sand between her toes. She drank some pink water, which was sweet, like sugar water, and then she ran through the forest, where trees smiled at her when she passed. It was all so strange and beautiful.
After several hours travelling in this magic land, Josie began to feel hungry and tired.
Suddenly she realized that she didn’t know how to get home. She was frightened and worried
about what to do. After thinking for a few moments, she realized that the necklace must be the key to the world she belonged.
Paragraph 1:
She grabbed (抓) the necklace around her neck and looked into it.
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Paragraph 2:
Filled with many questions, she rushed downstairs to tell her grandmother what she’d seen.
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1 ．B
【原文】M: Congratulations!I know you have been admitted to a famous university.
W: You must be thinking of someone else. I’m still waiting for the good news.
2 ．C
【原文】M: Do you think your car will be ready tonight
W: No, I have to order a part from the factory. Can you pick me up tomorrow？
3 ．C
【原文】W: It’s said that Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
M: Oh, really So tea has a history of about 5,000 years.
4 ．C
【原文】W: It’s said that Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
M: Oh, really So tea has a history of about 5, 000 years.
5 ．C
【原文】M: How was tennis Did you win
W: We didn’t play tennis today because the coach was ill. We were going to play football but my friends and I decided to go running instead.
6 ．C 7 ．A
【原文】W: How many eggs come in a dozen
M: A dozen is 12.
W: Really I thought it was 13 but thinking about it now, it wouldn't make sense for the box to have an uneven number of spaces.
M: There is something called a baker's dozen. A long time ago, giving a smaller amount of bread than a person paid for was illegal. So then bakers began to put one extra piece in their bags so they would not be fined.
W: Wow! That is interesting! How do you know so much about old bakers
M: My grandfather owned a bakery. He made bread all the time! It was so delicious.
W: That does sound delicious. We have been friends for three years. But I didn't know your grandfather owned a bakery. Do you know how to bake bread
M: No, I wish I had learned properly. My grandfather tried to show me once, but I was too young to understand.
答案第 1 页，共 16 页
8 ．B 9 ．C 10 ．A
【原文】M: This French cave is one of the best in the world in terms of ancient history.
W: When you say “ancient”, how far back in time are we talking 500 years
M: Try again.
W: 1,000 years
M: Most experts believe the cave paintings you see on the wall are around 17,000 years old.
W: What Are you serious That’s incredible. I’m so glad we came to visit this cave. Staying at the hotel all day was becoming a bit boring, to be honest. I love getting close to history in this
way.
M: Me too. As soon as I heard we were staying in this area, I immediately thought of these caves.
W: I didn’t realize you had heard of it. What else do you know
M: Well, the cave was first discovered in 1940, opened to the public in 1948, then closed again in 1963. Because I’m a university professor, the staff here allow us to get in.
W: Wow! Thank you for taking me.
11 ．C 12 ．A 13 ．A
【原文】M: This French cave is one of the best in the world in terms of ancient history.
W: When you say “ancient”, how far back in time are we talking 500 years
M: Try again.
W: 1.000 years
M: Most experts believe the cave paintings you see on the wall are around 17,000 years old.
W: What ! Are you serious That’s incredible. I’m so glad we came to visit this cave. Staying at the hotel all day was becoming a bit boring, to be honest. I love getting close to history in this
way.
M: Me too. As soon as I heard we were staying in this area, I immediately thought of these caves.
W: I didn’t realize you had heard of it. What else do you know
M: Well, the cave was first discovered in 1940, opened to the public in 1948, then closed again in 1963. Because I’m a university professor, the staff here allow us to get in.
W: Wow! Thank you for taking me.
14 ．A 15 ．C 16 ．B 17 ．A
【原文】W: Good morning class. Now I'll tell you something about the history of English. Old
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English is very difficult to understand. Only a few experts can read it. Several written works from the old English period have remained. Perhaps the most famous is called Beowulf. The name of
the person who wrote it is not known. In 1066, William took control of England. The language
used by the new rulers gradually changed the way English was spoken by 800 years ago. English became what language experts call middle English, which was used between about AD eleven
fifty and AD 1,500. Middle English sounds like modern English. Many written works from this
period have passed down. Perhaps the most famous was written by Geoffrey Chaucer, a poet who lived in London and died there in the 1400s. Chaucer is most famous work, is the Canterbury tales written more than 600 years ago. The history of the English language continues as middle English becomes modern English. I'll talk about that after a short break.
18 ．C 19 ．A 20 ．A
【原文】
M: Look at any ship and you will see a line painted on the side. The line is known as the
Plimsoll line. It is named after a 19th century British official, Samuel Plimsoll. In 1870, Plimsoll looked at the safety of ships and found the problem worse than he expected. The owners were
putting too many things on their ships, making the ships dangerous for the people who worked on them. Many sailors refused to go to sea because they were worried about their safety. Ships from Venice were protected by the lines as long ago as the 12th century. But it was not until the 19th
century that they became law, thanks to Samuel Plimsoll. In 1894 the position of the line was
fixed by law. It is painted on the side of ships and the water level isn’t supposed to go above the line. The basic sign is now recognized worldwide.
21 ．B 22 ．D 23 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“为什么历史是重要的”这一主题进行阐述，列举了多个理由来支持这一观点，如历史可以让我们了解自己的根源、丰富我们的经验、使我们更具共情能力、激发我们学习更多等。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution (演变) of
your culture can provide.(许多人觉得他们需要一种文化归属感，这是研究你的根源和对你的文化演变持开放态度所能提供的。)”可知，文化归属感是可以通过学习历史，和接受文化演变获得的。故选 B。
答案第 3 页，共 16 页
22 ．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“History makes us more empathetic (具有共情能力的).
Studying history can give us insight (洞察力) into why our culture does certain things, and how
the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for
empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance (无知). We’re
scared of the things that we don’t understand. History has the potential to break down those
boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.(历史让 我们更具有共情能力的。研究历史可以让我们洞察为什么我们的文化会做某些事情，以及过去是如何将其塑造成我们现在所知道的样子。它也为跨文化的同理心提供了相当坚实的基础。对他人的恐惧和憎恨通常是由于无知造成的。我们害怕我们不了解的东西。历史有可能打破这些界限，让我们洞悉整个世界，否则我们就会感到陌生。)”可知，通过了解其他文化的历史，我们可以更好地欣赏他们的价值观和传统，这反过来又有助于我们克服文化障碍并减少冲突。这表明，当我们面对来自不同文化背景的人时，通过了解他们的历史，我们更有能力去理解和尊重他们的观点和习俗。因此，可以得出结论，历史有助于我们提高跨文化意识。故选 D。
23．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you’re studying history, asking yourself the question “why is history important” is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization.
You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the
significance of history.(如果你正在学习历史，问自己“为什么历史很重要”是很好的第一步。历史是人类文明的重要组成部分。你会在这里找到一些能引起你兴趣的东西，或者让你思考历史的重要性。)” 、最后一段“The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don’t have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to
lead more meaningful lives. (历史的价值不可低估。我们不必活在过去，但我们可以通过从中吸取教训，过更有意义的生活，做得更好。)” 以及全文内容可知，这篇文章讨论了学习历史的重要性，并提供了为什么它是有价值的几个原因。选项 B“Why Studying History Matters (为什么学习历史很重要)”抓住了文本的主要焦点，即解释为什么学习历史是重要的。故选 B。
24 ．B 25 ．A 26 ．B 27 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了镜子从早期到 19 世纪末的历史发展，包括不同时期镜子的特点、制作技术、价格以及人们对镜子的态度等。
24 ．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the Renaissance, Italians began developing techniques for making flatter glass, and in 1507 hit upon a way of covering the back of the glass with mercury
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and tin to produce clear mirrors. This new technology was wonderful, but so expensive that nobles sometimes sold property just to afford one. (在文艺复兴时期，意大利人开始研究制作更扁平的玻璃的技术，1507 年，他们偶然发现了一种用水银和锡覆盖玻璃背面的方法，以制作出透明的镜子。这项新技术很棒，但非常昂贵，以至于贵族们有时会卖掉财产来买一面镜子)”可知，文艺复兴时期镜子非常昂贵，大多数人都买不起。故选 B 项。
25 ．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The historian Ian Mortimer believes that mirror were central in developing the modern sense of the individual. “Mankind,” says Mortimer, became “a valid topic of study in his own right.”(历史学家伊恩·莫蒂默认为，镜子在培养现代个人意识方面起着核心作用。莫蒂默说：“人类本身成为了一个有价值的研究课题。”)”可知，镜子在培养现代个人意识方面起着核心作用，使人类开始将自己视为一个个体。故选 A 项。
26．推理判断题。根据第五段中“In the early years of America, “mirrors were considered, within American society, a kind of luxury that was somewhat shameful,” says Josiah McElheny, a
Brooklyn-based artist who works with mirrors.”(在美国早期，“镜子在美国社会被认为是一种有点可耻的奢侈品，”布鲁克林的镜子艺术家 Josiah McElheny 说)可知，在美国早期，人们认为镜子是可耻的奢侈品，由此推知，当时美国人认为镜子毫无意义，不值得花那么多钱。故选 B 项。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段中提到“Some of the earliest human made mirrors date to 6200 B. C. in Turkey. (一些最早的人造镜子可以追溯到公元前 6200 年的土耳其)”，接着第三段中讲述了中世纪“Through the middle ages, the technology for mirrors was simple:
Fashioned from blown glass, they were usually small and often convex (凸面的). (在中世纪，镜子的制作技术很简单：由吹制玻璃制成，通常很小，而且常常是凸面的)”和文艺复兴时期“In the Renaissance, Italians began developing techniques for making flatter glass, and in 1507 hit
upon a way of covering the back of the glass with mercury and tin to produce clear mirrors. (在文艺复兴时期，意大利人开始开发制作更平整玻璃的技术，并在 1507 年偶然发现了一种用汞和锡覆盖玻璃背面来制作清晰镜子的方法)” ，然后在第五段中讲述美国早期“In the early
years of America, “mirrors were considered, within American society, a kind of luxury that was
somewhat shameful. (在美国早期，在美国社会中，镜子被认为是一种有点可耻的奢侈品)”，最后在第六段提到“It wasn’t until the last decades of the 19th century that the industrial world
could finally make big mirrors cheaply. (直到 19 世纪最后几十年，工业界才终于能够廉价地制造大镜子)”，这些内容都围绕着镜子的历史发展展开。所以文章主要讲的是镜子的历史发展。
答案第 5 页，共 16 页
故选 C 项。
28 ．C 29 ．B 30 ．A 31 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕伯利兹发现的运河系统展开，介绍了该运河系统的用途、历史、对研究的意义以及古人对渔业资源的利用方式等内容，旨在向读者传达关于这一考古发现的相关信息。
28 ．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“First believed to have been a Mayan construction, after
running numerous radiocarbon dates, researchers from the University of New Hampshire(UNH)
made a discovery that these fish-trapping canals were constructed before the powerful Mayan
civilization(这些捕鱼陷阱运河最初被认为是玛雅人的建筑，但在进行了大量放射性碳测年之后，新罕布什尔大学（UNH）的研究人员发现，这些运河的建造时间早于强大的玛雅文
明。)”可知，新罕布什尔大学的研究人员发现这些捕鱼运河的建造时间早于强大的玛雅文明。故选 C。
29 ．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The network directed the annual flood waters into a source pool where they could trap thousands of fish, which were able to feed a growing population.(这个运河网络将每年的洪水引入一个储水池，在那里可以捕获数千条鱼，这些鱼能够养活不断增长的人口。)”可知，该运河网络将年度洪水引入储水池以捕捞大量鱼类，养活了不断增长的人口，这表明运河对玛雅人的发展起到了辅助作用。故选 B。
30．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Such intensive investments in fishery show ancient fishers knew how to protect their resources and use them in a way that could sustain these habitats,”
Samantha, professor of geography at Texas State University, explained. “Knowing how to use
canal resources responsibly is essential for the continued availability of these resources both in the past and today.”(德克萨斯州立大学地理学教授 Samantha 解释道：“这种对渔业的密集投资表明，古代渔民知道如何保护资源，并以一种能维持这些栖息地的方式利用资源。无论是在过去还是今天，了解如何负责任地利用运河资源，对这些资源的持续可用至关重要。”)”可知， Samantha 认为无论是过去还是现在，负责任地利用运河资源对资源的持续可用至关重要，
这体现了可持续发展的理念在古今都是共同话题。故选 A。
31 ．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“First believed to have been a Mayan construction, after
running numerous radiocarbon dates, researchers from the University of New Hampshire(UNH)
made a discovery that these fish-trapping canals were constructed before the powerful Mayan
civilization(这些捕鱼陷阱运河最初被认为是玛雅人的建筑，但在进行了大量放射性碳测年之
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后，新罕布什尔大学（UNH）的研究人员发现，这些运河的建造时间早于强大的玛雅文
明。).” 以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述在伯利兹发现的捕鱼运河系统最初被认为属于玛雅文明，但研究证实其建造时间早于玛雅人，重新定义了其起源。并且说明了该设施对玛雅人的影响及研究意义。选项 D“Fish-Trapping Facility Redefines Its Maya Origin(捕鱼设施重新定义其玛雅起源)”准确概括了全文内容。故选 D。
32 ．D 33 ．C 34 ．A 35 ．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了 Ruiz-Redondo 团队在 Cova Dones 洞穴发现了 100 多个史前艺术作品。
32 ．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Besides, most ofCova Dones’ paintings were done in clay and conserved. (此外，Cova Dones 的大部分画作都是用粘土完成的，并且保存完好。)”第三段中“Over time, water falling into the cave coated their artwork with a layer of calcium carbonate,
sticking it to the wall for Ruiz-Redondo to find so many centuries later. (随着时间的推移，落入洞穴的水给他们的艺术品涂上了一层碳酸钙，把它粘在墙上，几个世纪后，Ruiz-Redondo才发现。)”可知，Cova Dones 大部分画作保存完好，而艺术品上涂有碳酸钙，由此推知碳酸钙是一种天然的“保护物质” ，故选 D。
33．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容，尤其是“a couple of logical approaches have provided some clarity. First, some of the designs are drawn in a style that’s typical of a period about 21,000 to
40,000 years ago, as evidenced by findings at other Paleolithic sites. Second, a drawing was
marked by a cave bear, which went extinct 24,000 years ago, indicating the art is older. (一些逻辑方法已经提供了一些清晰的信息。首先，在其他旧石器时代遗址的发现证明，一些设计的风格是 21000 到 40000 年前的典型时期。其次，一幅画上有一只洞穴熊的标记，这种熊在 2.4万年前灭绝，表明这幅画更古老。)”可知，本段主要介绍确定洞穴艺术年代的方法，故选 C。
34 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Especially with the paintings, nobody has seen this horse in thousands and thousands and thousands of years, until now. (特别是在绘画方面，直到现在，几千年来没有人见过这匹马。)”可知，对 Ruiz-Redondo来说，马的绘画作品意味着与过去的连接，故选 A。
35 ．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Therefore, the discovery of more than 100 prehistoric designs, which were created over 24,000 years ago with unique techniques and
preserved in a cave due to a lucky chemical occurrence, is simply extraordinary. ( 因此，发现了
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超过 100 个史前设计，这些设计是在 24,000 多年前以独特的技术创造的，并由于幸运的化学反应而保存在一个洞穴中，这简直是非凡的。)”可知，文章介绍了 Ruiz-Redondo 团队在Cova Dones 洞穴发现了 100 多个史前艺术作品，D 项“史前艺术的非凡考古发现”最适合作为文章标题，故选 D。
36 ．B 37 ．A 38 ．E 39 ．D 40 ．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了欧亚大陆过去跨区域互动的重要性、发展历程、表现形式（如小麦传播、丝绸等物品在远古时期的出现）以及以玻璃制品为例来研究这种远距离互动。
36 ．上文“It is critically important to understand how such interactions evolved in time, extended to larger areas, and exerted increasing influence over cultures.(理解这些互动如何随时间演变、
扩展到更大区域，并对文化产生越来越大的影响，是至关重要的。)”提到理解欧亚大陆过去跨区域互动的重要性，并强调这些互动如何随时间演变、扩展到更大区域并对文化产生深远影响。为了支持这一观点，需要有一个能够揭示这些互动历史证据的陈述。B 选项“Recent studies have revealed prehistoric connections in Eurasia(近期研究表明，欧亚大陆之间存在着史前时期的联系。)”直接指出最近的研究揭示了欧亚大陆史前时期的联系，这与上文提到的理解过去互动的重要性紧密相连，为下文提供具体证据（如人类迁徙、农作物传播等）做了铺垫。故选 B。
37 ．上文“However, before and during much of the Bronze Age, the spread of population,
materials, and innovations remained generally time-consuming, suggesting limited intensity of
long-range communications. (然而，在青铜时代的大部分时期以及之前，人口、物资和创新成果的传播普遍很耗时，这表明远程交流的强度有限。)”提到在青铜时代，人口、物资和创新的传播相对缓慢，暗示远程交流有限。这里需要一个转折来引出后文提到的变化。A 选项 “This situation had changed by the second century BC(公元前二世纪时，这种情况已经发生了改变。)” 这与上文的语境形成对比，并引出下文“when Chinese Warring States silk, mirrors and lacquer appeared in contemporaneous (同时期的)burials in Siberia and Inner Asia, and remote
regions were recorded in Roman and Chinese literature. (当中国战国时期的丝绸、铜镜和漆器出现在西伯利亚和中亚的同时期墓葬中，并且偏远地区被罗马和中国文献所记载时。)”提到的中国战国时期丝绸、镜子和漆器等物品在同时期的西伯利亚和中亚墓葬中出现，表明远程互动开始加速。故选 A。
(
“
’
)38 ．上文 At the dawn of a surge in transcontinental material exchange, the Han Dynasty s envoy
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Zhang Qian was sent for missions into Asia’s heartland in the late second century BC. (在跨大陆物资交流激增的黎明时期，汉朝使节张骞于公元前二世纪晚期被派遣执行前往亚洲腹地的使命。)”提到汉武帝派遣张骞出使西域，标志着跨大陆物质交换的激增。这里需要一个总结性的陈述来强调这一事件的历史意义。E 选项“It was an event conventionally considered as the beginning of the historical Silk Road(这一事件通常被认为是历史上丝绸之路的起点。)”正好符合这一要求，指出这一事件通常被认为是历史上丝绸之路的开始，与上文提到的张骞出使西域紧密相连，并强调了其在欧亚大陆远程互动中的历史地位。故选 E。
39 ．下文“and can be used to investigate long-distance interactions. Glass had a diverse history of origin and dispersal (传播).( 并且可以用来研究远程相互作用。玻璃的起源和传播历史丰富多样。)”提到玻璃有多样的起源和传播历史，并列举了不同种类的玻璃及其制造地点。这里需要一个能够引出玻璃作为文明跨国产品的陈述。D 选项“Man-made glass is one of the truly
transnational products of civilization(人造玻璃是真正的跨国文明产物之一。)”正好符合这一要求，指出人造玻璃是真正的文明跨国产品之一，为下文介绍玻璃的历史和传播做了铺垫。故选 D。
40 ．上文“Archaeological investigations of early Chinese glass have revealed the presence of all
three major groups, suggesting a period active in cultural interaction and technological
exploration. (对中国早期玻璃的考古调查发现，这三大类别玻璃器皿均存在，这表明当时是一个文化交流和技术探索活跃的时期。)”提到考古调查发现早期中国玻璃中存在所有三大玻璃类别，这表明当时文化交流和技术探索活跃。这里需要一个能够强调这些早期文物重要性的陈述。F 选项“These early artifacts are essential for determining the origin of Chinese and Asian glass(这些早期文物对于确定中国和亚洲玻璃的起源至关重要。)”正好符合这一要求，指出 这些早期文物对于确定中国和亚洲玻璃的起源至关重要，与上文提到的考古发现紧密相连，并强调了这些文物在研究玻璃起源方面的重要性。故选 F。
41 ．C 42 ．A 43 ．B 44 ．A 45 ．C 46 ．C 47 ．D 48 ．A
49 ．B 50 ．C 51 ．D 52 ．C 53 ．B 54 ．A 55 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。1968 年，在芬兰的哈图拉附近发现了一座大约 1100 年的坟墓，居住者的骨骼几乎没有留下，但在尸体中发现了两把剑和一把刀。这样的墓葬通常表明死者是男性。然而， 他的骨架上也装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。这导致了考古学家对墓葬遗骸的性别的猜测。
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41 ．考查固定搭配和副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，骨架上还装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。A. therefore 因此；B. what’s more 而且；C. nevertheless 但是；D. for instance例如。根据上句“but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would
normally suggest said occupant was a man. (但尸体上有两把剑和一把刀。这样的墓葬通常表明死者是男性)”可知，上下句之间是转折关系。故选 C。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让人们更加猜测，埋葬的实际上是一位有权势的女性，可能是当地的一位统治者，而不仅仅是一位男性国王的妻子。A. intensified 增强；B. classified分类；C. dismissed 开除，解散；D. compared 比较。根据上句“The skeleton was, 1 also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by
women. (尽管如此，骨架上还装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。)”可知，骨架上装饰着的胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服更加的让人们猜测，埋葬的实际上是一位有权势的女性。故选 A。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，图尔库大学的 Ulla Moilanen 和赫尔辛基大学的 Elina Salmela 刚刚在《欧洲考古学杂志》上发表的对这些遗骸的重新检查表明，真相可能更吸引人。A. dull 无聊的；B. engaging 迷人的，吸引人的；C. unpleasant 不愉快的；D. frightening吓人的。根据后句“Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual 4 may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman.( Moilanen 女士和 Salmela 博士怀疑这个人可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征)”可知，遗骸可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征的真相是非常的吸引人的。故选 B。
44．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Moilanen 女士和 Salmela 博士怀疑这个人可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征。A. in question 存在疑问或不确定性的事物；B. at large 未被限制的；自由的；C. by comparison 相比之下，比较起来；D. with doubt 怀疑地。根据本句中的
“suspect(怀疑)”可知，人们对遗骸存在疑问。故选 A。
45 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1968 年，在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。A. composition 成分构成，成分；B. age 年龄；C. sex 性别；D. origin 起源。根据后句“After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much ____6____. (经过多年的退化，男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似。)”可知，确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。故选 C。
46 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的退化，男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似。
A. distinct 不同的，有区别的；B. unidentified 未经确认的；C. alike 相似的；D. broken 损坏
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的，破碎的；根据上句“In 1968 working out the 5 of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. (1968 年，在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情)”可知，因为男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似，所以在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。故选 C。
47．查形容词词义辨析。句意：在骨骼中发现 Y 染色体的 DNA，很有可能是男性。A. female女性的，妇女的；B. old 年老的；C. young 年轻的；D. male 男性的。根据上句“Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. (大多数人有两条性染色体：女性为 XX ，男性为 XY 。)”可知，在骨骼中发现 Y 染色体的 DNA 很可能是男性。故选 D。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她看着莫伊拉宁带给她的一块股骨碎片，莫伊拉宁是这次合作的考古学家。A. cooperation 合作；B. authority 权威；C. institute 研究所，学院，协会；
D. adventure 冒险（经历），奇遇。根据后文“She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and 13 it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned had indeed had
Klinefelter’s syndrome. (然后，她将这些 DNA 与坟墓里的 DNA 进行了比较，得出结论：这个人确实患有克兰费尔特综合症的可能性为 99.75% 。)”可知，考古学家是相互的合作的。故选 A。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让她怀疑污染，但也让她考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的 X 染色体，它淹没了来自 Y 的信号。A. restored 精力恢复的；B. extra 额外的；C. missing丢失的；D. dominant 占支配地位的， 占优势的。根据后文“The particular 10 XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. (这种特殊的组合导致了所谓的克氏综合
症。)” 可知，Salmela 考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的 X 染色体。故选 B。
50 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种特殊的组合导致了所谓的克氏综合症。A. requirement要求；B. interest 兴趣；C. combination 结合；D. emphasis 强调。根据上文“That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) 9 X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y. (这让她怀疑污染，但也让她考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的 X 染色体，它淹没了来自 Y 的信号。)”可知，XXY 是一种特殊的组合。故选 C。
51 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了从可用的微量 DNA 中确定居住者的组型，Salmela 博士与活着的人进行了比较。A. inspirations 启示；B. lessons 课程；C. inferences 推理；D.
comparisons 比较。根据本句“with living people (活着的人)”可知，Salmela 博士将 DNA 与活着的人进行了比较。故选 D。
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(
she
)52 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：坟墓里有 8329 块碎片，所以她用电脑从不同组型的活人基因组中提取了类似大小的样本，包括 XXY ，也有来自两性混合物的样本，以模拟污染。A. eliminate 剔除，根除；B. monitor 监控；C. imitate 模仿； D. generate 产生，引起。根据“so used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various
karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes (因此，她用电脑从不同组型 (包括XXY)的活人基因组中提取了类似大小的样本，也从两性的混合体中提取了样本)”可知， Salmela 博士这样做的目的是模拟污染。故选 C。
53 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她将这些 DNA 与坟墓里的 DNA 进行了比较，得出结论：这个人确实患有克兰费尔特综合症的可能性为 99.75% 。A. rejected 拒绝，驳回；B. concluded 得出的结论；C. recalled 拒绝，驳回；D. confessed 坦白，认罪。根据“She then
compared these with the DNA from the grave (然后，她将这些 DNA 与坟墓中的 DNA 进行了比较)”可知，她将这些 DNA 与坟墓中的 DNA 进行了比较进而得出结论。故选 B。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在 Salmela 博士研究这一切的同时，Moilanen 女士和她的团队对坟墓进行了另一次观察。他们确认这是一场地位很高的葬礼。A. high-status 高级职位的；B. secret 秘密的；C. religious 宗教的；D. peaceful 和平的。根据“For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. (例如，他们发现了可能来自狐狸的精美皮毛的证据。)”可知，根据陪葬品来看，这是一场地位很高的葬礼。故选 A。
55．考查词名词词义辨析。句意：但是，在一个当时由男性价值观主导的世界里，是什么导致了这种尊重，这是一个谜。A. conclusion 结论；B. evidence 证据；C. respect 尊重；D. solution解决办法。根据上句“Clearly, this was a well-respected human being(很明显，这是一位受人尊敬的人)”可知，这场葬礼是非常的受人尊重的。故选 C。
56 ．undisturbed 57 ．mysterious 58 ．exchanged 59 ．understood 60 ．whose
61 ．that 62 ．which 63 ．richer 64 ．that 65 ．to cast
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学院付巧妹团队对新疆小河人墓葬中出土的世界上最古老奶酪进行基因分析的情况，揭示了青铜时代的文化交流等信息。
56 ．考查形容词。句意：3500 多年来，小河人的木乃伊遗骸一直静静地躺在中国西部新疆 的一个沙漠墓地中。lay(处于 状态；躺；位于)是系动词，提示词作表语，结合句意，用形容词 undisturbed，意为“未受惊扰的；未被打搅的”，表明主语 the mummified remains 的状态。故填 undisturbed。
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57 ．考查形容词。句意：他们挖掘出的宝藏中，有神秘的、也是世界上保存最古老的奶酪。提示词修饰名词 cheese ，用形容词 mysterious 作定语，意为“神秘的” 。故填 mysterious。
58．考查时态。句意：他们的研究结果描绘出一幅青铜时代灿烂文化的图景：该文化不仅与其他族群进行动物交换，还可能助力乳酪在整个东亚地区的传播。exchange(交换)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语 that(即先行词 a rich Bronze Age culture)之间是主动关系，根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态。故填 exchanged。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，为什么他们和这些东西一起被埋葬，人们仍然不完全清楚。remains 是系动词，understand(理解，明白)与主语“Why they were buried with the stuff”之间是被动关系，用过去分词作表语。故填 understood。
60 ．考查定语从句。句意：在分析过程中，付博士的团队从一种山羊的 DNA 中鉴定出了用于制作奶酪的牛奶，然后将其与 185 个先前测序的山羊线粒体基因组进行了比较。“ milk went into the cheeses”是定语从句，修饰先行词 a goat，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，指“ 山羊的” ，用表示所属关系的关系代词 whose 引导该从句。故填 whose。
61．考查代词。句意：小河山羊的基因特征与古代欧亚草原民族的山羊相似，这意味着小河人可能从他们那里学到了畜牧业和奶酪制作技术。此处用 that 指代前面的“The genetic
profile” ，避免重复。故填 that。
62．考查定语从句。句意：作者推测，奶酪是生牛乳的一种有吸引力的替代品，生牛乳富含乳糖，而现在很多亚洲人对乳糖不耐受。“ is (rich) in lactose”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 raw milk，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词 which 引导该从句。故填 which。
63．考查形容词比较级。句意：作者推测，奶酪是生牛乳的一种有吸引力的替代品，生牛乳富含乳糖，而现在很多亚洲人对乳糖不耐受。根据语境可知，此处表示生牛乳比奶酪含有更多的乳糖，应用比较级 richer 作表语。故填 richer。
64 ．考查强调句。句意：但佛蒙特大学的奶酪化学家兼历史学家保罗·金斯特德说，有可能牛奶饮品才是主要的吸引力，而不是奶酪。此处是强调句结构“it is/was + 被强调部分 +
that/who + 其他部分”，被强调部分是原句主语“the milk drink, rather than the cheese”，句子其他部分用 that 引导。故填 that。
65 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：金斯特德博士认为，对有 3500 年历史的酸奶酪进行基因分析是第一个揭示中国古代文化并揭示众多其他文化秘密的例子。“(cast) light on the ancient
Chinese culture and reveal secrets about numerous other cultures”作后置定语，修饰名词example，
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cast 是非谓语动词，又因名词example 前有序数词first 修饰，用不定式作后置定语。故填to cast。
66．There are many unexplained mysteries of the natural world, of which the Bermuda Triangle is a particular one.
This is an area of the western Atlantic between Bermuda and Florida, where some strange things happened. Since 1945, hundreds of ships and planes and over a thousand people have
disappeared, leaving no wreckage or bodies.
Some reasons have been given to explain the disturbing incidents that occurred in the area of Bermuda Triangle. Some think aliens might have arrived there and taken everything away.
Others believe they might be caused by special weather there. But no one can give a believable reason. Maybe in the future we can find the answer with the development of science and
technology.
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求根据介绍自然界之谜“ 百慕大三角（Bermuda Triangle）”信息的表格写一篇短文介绍“ 百慕大三角”。
【详解】1.词汇积累
特别的：special→particular
令人不安的：troubling→disturbing
发生：happen→occur
造成：create→cause
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Since 1945, hundreds of ships and planes and over a thousand people have disappeared, leaving no wreckage or bodies.
拓展句：Since 1945, hundreds of ships and planes and over a thousand people have disappeared, which left no wreckage or bodies.
【点睛】[高分句型 1] There are many unexplained mysteries of the natural world, of which the Bermuda Triangle is a particular one. (运用了 of which 引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型 2] Some think aliens might have arrived there and taken everything away. (运用了 that引导的宾语从句，且 that 省略)
67 ．One possible version:
She grabbed (抓) the necklace around her neck and looked into it. Inside it, she could see
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the image of herself sitting beside the box in her room, staring into the necklace. How could that be Was all this her imagination She fixed her eyes on the necklace and stared harder, and the
world became unclear once more. The sight of the wonderland and everything surrounding her
faded, slowly becoming the room once more. Then, she was back. Josie took a deep breath and set the necklace aside, not daring to look at it any more.
Filled with many questions, she rushed downstairs to tell her grandmother what she’d seen. But Grandma seemed to know. She just smiled when Josie asked her questions like whether she
had gone to the magic world as a little girl. Grandma didn’t say anything but just let Josie keep the necklace. Someday, Josie might try to go back again with her grandma. But for then, it was
lunchtime. All the mysterious things there would have to wait, because moving between two
worlds was really tiring and she was hungry already!
【分析】本文以一条项链为线索展开，讲述了主人公 Josie 通过一条魔幻的项链穿越到另一个世界的童话，却不知道如何回家的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她抓住脖子上的项链观察。”可知，第一段可描写 Josie 通过观察项链回到现实的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“充满着许多疑问，她冲下楼告诉祖母她看到的 。”可知，第二段可描写奶奶对这件事请的反应以及 Josie 经历这些以后的感觉。
2.续写线索：观察项链——回到现实——告诉奶奶——奶奶的反应——Josie 的感觉
3.词汇激活行为类
①.坐着：sitting/seated
②.集中：fix eye on/concentrate on
③. 回去：go back/return情绪类
①.高兴：smile/beam on
②.疲惫：tiring/exhausting
【点睛】[高分句型 1]. I wanted to go on talking with him and asked whether we could walk together.（使用了现在分词作状语，whether 引导宾语从句）
[高分句型 2]. She just smiled when Josie asked her questions like whether she had gone to the
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magic world as a little girl. （when 引导状语从句，whether 引导宾语从句）
[高分句型 3]. All the mysterious things there would have to wait, because moving between two worlds was really tiring and she was hungry already!（because 引导原因状语从句）
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