人教版2019必修一Unit 4 Natural disasters单元测试A卷（含解析，含听力原文无音频）
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| 名称 | 人教版2019必修一Unit 4 Natural disasters单元测试A卷（含解析，含听力原文无音频） |
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| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 101.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-27 00:00:00 | ||
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Unit 4 单元测试卷 A
(考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：150 分)
注意事项：
1 ．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2 ．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时， 将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3 ．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1 ．Which disaster are the speakers experiencing
A ．A storm.
B ．A flood.
C ．An earthquake.
2 ．What might hit the town
A ．A flood. B ．A drought. C ．An earthquake.
3 ．How can doctors go to the earthquake-stricken area
A ．By ship. B ．By train. C ．By air.
4 ．What are the speakers talking about
A ．The man’s work. B ．A disaster. C ．The president.
5 ．How can doctors go to the earthquake-stricken area
A ．By ship. B ．By train. C ．By air.
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
试卷第 1 页，共 13 页
6 ．How does the woman feel about the storm
A ．Anxious. B ．Surprised. C ．Scared.
7 ．What happened according to the man
A ．His car was damaged.
B ．His house was flooded.
C ．The trees in his yard fell.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8 ．What’s the woman
A ．A volunteer. B ．A reporter. C ．A government official.
9 ．How was the forest damaged
A ．By a forest fire. B ．By native people. C ．By a terrible storm.
10 ．How does the man feel about the government
A ．Dissatisfied. B ．Nervous. C ．Worried.
11 ．What does the man want from the government
A ．Guidance. B ．Enough money. C ．Volunteers.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
12 ．What is probably the woman
A ．A policewoman. B ．A gardener. C ．A reporter.
13 ．What did the man see when he ran out last night
A ．A burning house. B ．A fallen tree. C ．Many dead birds.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14 ．What was the feature of the earthquake in Peru
A ．Lasting for a long time. B ．Causing serious damage. C ．Being deep in the ground.
15 ．What damage did the earthquake cause
A ．Three slightly injured people.
B ．Total destruction of a church.
C ．Traffic accidents on the highway.
试卷第 2 页，共 13 页
16 ．What do Peruvians (秘鲁人) do to deal with frequent earthquakes
A ．Learn skills to survive earthquakes.
B ．Turn to modern technologies.
C ．Move to a safer country.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17 ．What caused the fire in the Smiths' house
A ．An electric cooker. B ．A forest fire. C ．A lightning storm.
18 ．What will the Smiths do
A ．Rebuild their house. B ．Move to a new town. C ．Buy a new house.
19 ．What can be learned from the story
A ．Never give up.
B ．No pain, no gain.
C ．Many hands make light work.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Last month, a series of wildfires broke out in southern California, killing dozens of people. The clouds of smoke can even be seen from space.
People of many fire-prone (容易起火的) areas as well as those far downwind have grown familiar with the thick, orange smoke. Such smoke can contain an unpredictable chemicals linked with heart and lung diseases and even cancer. Here’s what makes wild-fire smoke so dangerous.
When organic matter like trees burns, it releases CO2, water, heat and, depending on the
available fuel, various chemicals and particles (颗粒) . Those tiny particles, which float in the air, can include metals, dust and more. If they’re smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (直径),
they can get through our body’s natural defenses when breathed in and go deep into the lungs, causing many health problems. Such particles, called PM2.5, is a common pollutant. It’s also
试卷第 3 页，共 13 页
created by motor vehicles and industrial plants. But the type present in wildfire smoke can be much more harmful to the human body.
When a fire breaks out in an urban area, it destroys homes, offices, cars and other facilities. In other words, more stuff is burned. Paints, metals and more can release many kinds of harmful chemicals. A 2023 study found that the quantity of harmful chemicals released during urban
wildfires was more than 1,000 times larger than that in fires happening in woodland areas.
What’s worse, over time, the smoke is exposed to sunlight. The radiation can cause a set of reactions that usually result in other pollutants. Then, as smoke containing these chemicals travels and settles over other cities, it can mix with even more local pollution. Research also suggests that those chemicals and particles, both possibly harmful, can combine to make their respective health risks even worse.
20 ．What is the main topic of the text
A ．The causes of wildfires. B ．Climate change impact.
C ．Preventing urban wildfires. D ．Health risks of wildfire smoke.
21 ．Why is PM2.5 from wildfire smoke dangerous
A ．It enters the lungs. B ．It travels far.
C ．It’s larger in size. D ．It’s only from fires.
22 ．What’s a key difference between urban and woodland wildfires
A ．Urban fires affect more trees. B ．Urban fires burn less material.
C ．Urban fires release more pollutants. D ．Urban fires produce less smoke.
23 ．What will probably happen when wildfire smoke is exposed to sunlight
A ．It changes color. B ．It becomes harmless.
C ．It quickly disappears. D ．It forms other pollutants.
B
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas
and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement,
试卷第 4 页，共 13 页
these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injures happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall
buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle if it is available. Never shout for help.
Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
24 ．What does the underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A ．Easily broken. B ．Easily found.
C ．Expensive. D ．Heavy.
25 ．Where should items made of glass be put to reduce the injury from the earthquake
A ．On cupboards. B ．In the bedroom.
C ．On a lower surface. D ．Places where children can’t reach them.
26 ．What are people advised to do during an earthquake
A ．To go out of the building at once. B ．To turn off power and gas immediately.
C ．To take shelter under a tree. D ．To drive to a safe place.
27 ．What’s the purpose of the passage
A ．To introduce the damage caused by earthquakes.
B ．To introduce the rescue work after earthquakes.
C ．To introduce what to do during earthquakes.
D ．To introduce how to prevent earthquakes.
C
试卷第 5 页，共 13 页
Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and
Norway.
WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic ash is potentially dangerous for
people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled particles (微粒) can enter the lungs and cause respiratory (呼吸的) problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.
Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were “hysterical”. They said volcanic ash was much
less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of
fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance—like from the cloud currently hovering above
Europe— its health effects are often minimal, experts say.
“Not all particles are created equal,” said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory
toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, “In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all
that harmful.” And he said most Europeans’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.
Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. “The cloud has
already passed over northern Scotland and we haven’t heard of any ill effects there,” he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was “over the top” and “a bit hysterical”
28 ．What can you team in paragraph 3
A ．The volcanic ash had no impact on Europeans.
B ．Other experts highly approved of WHO’s warnings.
C ．The volcanic ash posed more risks than cigarette smoke.
D ．Even healthy people could experience discomfort due to the ash.
29 ．According to Ken Donaldson, who are most likely to be at risk due to the volcanic ash
A ．Europeans living in big cities.
B ．People who often smoke cigarettes.
试卷第 6 页，共 13 页
C ．Those staying outdoors for a long time.
D ．People in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano.
30 ．What does the underlined word “hysterical” in paragraph 5 most probably mean
A ．Amazing. B ．Practical. C ．Valuable. D ．Overstated.
31 ．What is the text mainly about
A ．Panic caused by volcanic ash.
B ．WHO’s warnings on volcanic ash.
C ．Views on volcanic ash’s health risks.
D ．Volcanic ash’s environmental effects.
D
Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no
earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly (有规律地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.
The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over
700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.
Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2000 people died.
In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.
One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008.
Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it.
32 ．Earthquakes happen .
A ．in all the places in the world
B ．only in the countries that have a lot of mountains
C ．regularly in most places in the world
D ．only in a few places along the mountains
试卷第 7 页，共 13 页
33 ．How many people died in the earthquake which happened in Portugal in 1755？
A ．About 500. B ．About 140 000. C ．About 400 000. D ．About 2000.
34 ．When and where was the worst earthquake ever recorded？
A ．1964; Alaska. B ．2008; China. C ．1923; Japan. D ．1976; China.
35 ．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true
A ．The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed.
B ．Earthquakes can cause fires.
C ．People still don’t know how to tell when an earthquake will come.
D ．Earthquakes often come unexpectedly (出乎意料地).
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you lived in Antarctica, the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth, you’d get to experience icequakes nearly every day.
What is an icequake The name might make you think of earthquakes. 36 Both
icequakes and earthquakes cause the ground to shake. They can both be measured by instruments called seismographs. The biggest difference between the two is how they’re caused.
Many people already know what causes earthquakes. Icequakes, on the other hand, happen when water in the ground freezes (结冰) very quickly. When water freezes, it expands (膨胀).
37 In some cases, it can even cause cracks (裂缝) in the ground above.
38 Experts there say Earth’s coldest continent has had hundreds of thousands of
them in recent years. They’ve also shared that most icequakes happen at night when temperatures drop.
Why is Antarctica experiencing so many icequakes You might imagine the very low
temperatures are the cause. 39 Rising temperatures cause Antarctic ice to melt (融化). This makes water that can freeze again to cause an icequake.
What does an icequake feel like 40 Often, people don’t feel them at all. But they can usually hear an icequake. It makes a loud pop.
试卷第 8 页，共 13 页
Do icequakes only happen in Antarctica No! They also take place in Greenland, most often near glaciers (冰川). You might also hear an icequake in Canada, as well as in the
midwestern and northeastern United States.
A ．But earthquakes can often cause fires.
B ．In some ways, the two are very similar.
C ．Icequakes are common across Antarctica.
D ．Icequakes make a loud noise that’s hard to miss.
E ．Most of them are much weaker than earthquakes.
F ．But they are actually on the rise because of warmer weather.
G ．As groundwater becomes ice, it breaks up the soil and rocks around it.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分 30 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Joel Boyers and his fiancée (未婚妻), Melody Among, were heading home when he
received a call. The caller told Boyers that her brother and two nieces were on their roof in Waverly. by floodwater, they didn’t think they would survive. , the caller had Googled Boyers’s company for help.
Without , Boyers knew they would go back up. “I’ve got a daughter myself,”
Boyers says. Driving back to the airport, they were soon in the air, for what came next. “As soon as I over the area, it was nothing but rapid water below me,” he says. “Two houses on fire. Cars in trees. Tons of debris (碎石). No one was going to in that.”
There they began for people on roofs, bridges — anywhere Boyers could land his helicopter and get them . One rescued man pointed to a teenager he’d seen holding a tree. The teen, all wet and , was barely out of the water. With no place to land, Boyers the helicopter until it stayed just above the water line. The rescued man managed to help the teen to the helicopter. Then they were back in the .
Boyers and Among’s ended 90 minutes after it began, when professional rescue teams . It was good timing — Boyers and Among were out of fuel after rescuing
试卷第 9 页，共 13 页
17 people. They are our heroes.
41 ．A ．killed B ．ignored C ．arranged D ．trapped
42 ．A ．Impressed B ．Damaged C ．Surrounded D ．Protected
43 ．A ．Curious B ．Desperate C ．Excited D ．Satisfied
44 ．A ．hesitation B ．permission C ．warning D ．effort
45 ．A ．disappointed B ．heartbroken C ．unprepared D ．mistaken
46 ．A ．took B ．popped C ．pulled D ．fell
47 ．A ．surf B ．fish C ．sink D ．swim
48 ．A ．praying B ．searching C ．calling D ．applying
49 ．A ．onboard B ．away C ．backward D ．down
50 ．A ．enthusiastic B ．proud C ．drunk D ．exhausted
51 ．A ．turned B ．pushed C ．lowered D ．speeded
52 ．A ．air B ．house C ．water D ．roof
53 ．A ．obstacle B ．mission C ．intention D ．fortune
54 ．A ．held back B ．settled down C ．broke in D ．showed up
55 ．A ．almost B ．still C ．rather D ．even
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Natural disasters are no stranger to humans. An earthquake 56 struck Nepal on April 25, 2015, was a disaster of great magnitude in human history.
57 earthquake caused huge damage. Buildings like old temples and schools fell into ruins. A large number of people were made 58 (home) and could hardly find a shelter.
What’s worse, many 59 (trap) under the broken bricks and stones, making it extremely hard to carry out the rescue.
Hearing the tragic news, China showed its strong sense of responsibility. It started to
organize emergency aid 60 (immediate). International rescue teams from different 61 (country) soon rushed to Nepal to offer help. Among them, the China International Search and
Rescue Team was remarkable. Consisting of 62 members, it was a well-equipped and 62
试卷第 10 页，共 13 页
(profession) team. There were both experienced earthquake experts 63 medical staff. They were the first international heavy rescue team to arrive in Nepal, ready 64 (save) lives.
By early May, China had donated emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars. China took quick action and offered generous help, 65 (show) the spirit of international cooperation and major-country responsibility globally. A further round of emergency aid was on the way
where more support for the quake-hit country would arrive.
第四部分 写作(满分 40 分)
第一节 书信写作
66．假定你是校英文广播站的成员，你准备在“ 防灾科普周” 向同学们介绍一些火灾应急知识。请你写一篇广播稿，内容包括：
1. 发生火灾时如何自救；
2. 呼吁同学们关注用火安全。
注意：1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Good morning, everyone!
Thanks for listening.
第二节 读后续写
67 ．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Aubrey, a mom of three, was breastfeeding her 10-month-old daughter in her Maui home
last week when alarms started going off and she saw her entire neighborhood was covered in black smoke.
Aubrey and her husband Alex rushed out of the home and into their car, escaping with their 10-month-old daughter as well as their 6-year-old twin daughters. They didn’t take any
试卷第 11 页，共 13 页
necessities. In fact, they had never thought the wildfires would ever get to where they lived. After all, they were very far.
While Aubrey and her family eventually made it to safety, a relative’s home, they later learned their own home was burned to the ground.
They were left with no possessions, so Alex had to go to the neighborhood surrounding his relative’s home searching for supplies for his baby daughter Blue. He went door-to-door, asking if anyone had a baby and if there was a bottle or a diaper (尿布) and some extra milk.
One neighbor just had a baby so he gave Alex two bottles. And some neighbors gave Alex two diapers and some gave her three. Alex later said. “They were holding onto their own diapers too, which I understand.”
The disaster turned into a crisis for countless parents like Aubrey and Alex, who had to escape quickly and now needed basic supplies to keep their children alive and safe.
The wildfires claimed the lives of over 100 people, while many more remained missing. Officials on Maui warned that their supplies were running out.
Aubrey and Alex decided to travel to another island, Oahu, where they could stay in the home of Alex’s brother’s. There, they had more access to supplies like diapers and milk. Then they managed to contact with volunteers and left in a lifeboat for Oahu. Thinking those helpless people, they cried in pain.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Now on Maui, situations were becoming worse.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Together with other volunteers, Alex and his brother collected large quantities of supplies on Oahu.
_______________________________________________________________________________
试卷第 12 页，共 13 页
______________________________
试卷第 13 页，共 13 页
1 ．C
【原文】M: Please go away from the tall buildings as soon as possible.
W: Why The shaking has stopped. It’s over.
M: Because the following small earthquakes can come soon. It’s better to be safe than sorry.
2 ．C
【原文】W: We moved out before it reached this town. When we returned, I found there was dust everywhere.
M: It was really scary. The walls of my house were knocked down, and the whole neighborhood was in ruins.
3 ．C
【原文】M: The strong earthquake has destroyed transport in that area.
W: Then how can rescue teams and supplies reach there
M: By plane. Food, clothing, rescue and medical teams are all sent in this way.
4 ．B
【原文】W: John, did you see the news today
M: No, what happened I’ve been busy with work today.
W: There was a big earthquake in San Diego. The president was on the news talking about it earlier. I think they said two people were killed.
5 ．C
【原文】M: The strong earthquake has destroyed transport in that area.
W: Then how can rescue teams and supplies reach there
M: By plane. Food, clothing, rescue and medical teams are all sent in this way.
6 ．C 7 ．A
【原文】M: Did you hear that storm last night I hardly got any sleep because the noise kept me awake all night.
W: Yes, I know. That was a horrible storm. It was raining all night with lightning and strong wind. The lightning hit the trees in my yard and damaged the power line.
M: Yes. It also did some damage to my car. I hear that problems are worse elsewhere, though.
W: Yes, the down town area was totally flooded. And all of the stores along Main Street are closed today.
答案第 1 页，共 12 页
8 ．B 9 ．C 10 ．A 11 ．A
【原文】W: Welcome to this programme. This afternoon I’m standing in the middle of the northern Black Forest, with David Bright.
M: Good afternoon, Mary.
W: David, you’re very concerned about the forest, aren’t you Can you tell us why
M: Well, much of the forest was wiped out in the terrible storm last winter. Many of the trees are dead, and more are dying. We believe that the government isn’t doing enough to rebuild this
beautiful forest.
W: I see. But you have spoken to the government about this.
M: We’ve tried, but each time they say that they haven’t got enough money. They are always using money as the excuse. It’s getting really disappointing!
W: But it’s not just an excuse, is it They clearly don’t have enough money for everything and the storm was unexpected.
M: Of course, we can appreciate that, and the point is that actually we aren’t asking for much money. We would just like their guidance — we can provide volunteers to work on the forest.
12 ．C 13 ．B
【原文】W: I’m from the Daily News. Can you tell me what happened to you last night
M: If you like. What do you want to know
W: When did the strong winds and rain start
M: I’m not sure, but it was after I went to bed.
W: When do you usually go to bed
M: At eleven most nights. Before I fell asleep, I heard a noise in the garden. I ran out and saw a tree fall on the house.
W: How old was the tree
M: That’s the sad thing. It’s been in the garden for about two hundred years and many birds lived in it.
W: Well. Thanks for talking to me.
14 ．C 15 ．A 16 ．A
【原文】M: Betty, did you hear the news An earthquake hit northern Peru this Sunday.
W: No. Was it a big one
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M: Yes. It had a magnitude of 7.5 and was felt nearly 800 kilometers away in the capital of Lima.
W: That’s terrible. Did it cause a lot of damage
M: Luckily, it didn’t. Although the quake was extremely strong, it was very deep. It measured 112 kilometers, so the possibility of damage was greatly reduced.
W: Then what effect did it have
M: Part of a 16th-century church fell and three people were slightly injured. And some falling stones blocked several highways in the Cajamarca region in Peru.
W: Hope it will be fine. It seems earthquakes are common in Peru.
M: Yes. Most Peruvians are taught basic skills to deal with earthquakes from an early age.
W: That’s necessary. Our geography teacher once introduced many cases of earthquakes in her lecture to us. It’s terrifying.
M: Yeah. I hope one day modern technologies can help find a way to prevent serious damage in an earthquake.
17 ．C 18 ．A 19 ．C
【原文】It can often feel like we are living in dark times, so it's nice to be able to report this next local story. A community in the seaside town of Newhaven came together to help a family in a
time of need. The Smith family was away on holiday when their house was struck by lightning
during a storm. This caused an electrical fire, which quickly spread through the house. When the Smith family returned from vacation, they found their house burned to the ground. Because the
fire had been caused by lightning, their insurance provider refused to pay. However, they regained hope when their neighbors and friends came to support them. A community fundraiser had already been organized, with local businesses all offering help, not just with money but food and
necessities to help the Smiths rebuild their lives. They now have enough money to rebuild their home so that they can stay in their loving community. Their story serves as a powerful reminder that a problem shared is a problem halved and the more people there are, the greater the strength. Thank you, and good night.
20 ．D 21 ．A 22 ．C 23 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了野火烟雾对健康的危害，分析了其成分、来源及在城市与林地火灾中的差异，并指出烟雾在阳光下的反应会加剧污染。
20 ．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Last month, a series of wildfires broke out in
答案第 3 页，共 12 页
southern California, killing dozens of people. The clouds of smoke can even be seen from
space.(上个月，加利福尼亚南部爆发了一系列野火，导致数十人丧生。从太空中甚至都能看到烟雾云团)”和第二段中“Such smoke can contain an unpredictable chemicals linked with heart and lung diseases and even cancer. Here’s what makes wild-fire smoke so dangerous. (这种烟雾可能含有与心脏病、肺病甚至癌症有关的不可预测的化学物质。这就是野火烟雾如此危险的原因)”可知，文章主要讨论了野火烟雾对健康的危害。故选 D。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“If they’re smaller than 2. 5 micrometers in diameter (直径), they can get through our body’s natural defenses when breathed in and go deep into the lungs, causing many health problems. Such particles, called PM2. 5, is a common pollutant. (如果它们的直径小于 2.5 微米，吸入时就能突破人体的自然防御，深入肺部，引发许多健康问题。这种颗粒被称为 PM2.5 ，是一种常见的污染物)”可知，PM2.5 之所以危险，是因为它能进入肺部，引发健康问题。故选 A。
22 ．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A 2023 study found that the quantity of harmful chemicals
released during urban wildfires was more than 1,000 times larger than that in fires happening in
woodland areas. (2023 年的一项研究发现，城市野火释放的有害化学物质数量是林地火灾的1000 多倍)”可知，城市野火与林地野火的关键区别在于城市野火释放的污染物更多。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“What’s worse, over time, the smoke is exposed to sunlight. The radiation can cause a set of reactions that usually result in other pollutants. (更糟糕的是，随着时间的推移，烟雾会暴露在阳光下。辐射会引起一系列反应，通常会产生其他污染物)”可知，野火烟雾暴露在阳光下会形成其他污染物。故选 D。
24 ．A 25 ．C 26 ．B 27 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在地震发生时，应该采取什么样的安全措施。
24．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you. (Fragile 物品，像玻璃制品这样的物品通常应该放在靠近地面的较低位置，而不是放在较高的橱柜上。当有强烈震动时，这些东西会直接掉到地板上，而不是砸到你身上)”可知，玻璃制品这类物品是易碎的，由于 like 后是对 fragile items 的举例说明，由此推知 Fragile 的意思是“ 易碎的”。故选 A项。
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25 ．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. (易碎物品，如玻璃制品，通常应该放在靠近地面的较低位置，而不是放在较高的橱柜上)”可知，玻璃制品应该放在较低位置以减少地震造成的伤害。故选 C 项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens. (地震发生时，一定要立即切断电源和煤气)”可知，地震发生时，人们应该首先切断电源和煤气。故选 B 项。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members. (因此，学习一些简单的安全提示来保护自己或家人是明智的)”以及后文介绍的地震时的具体做法可知，本文的主要目的是介绍地震时应采取的一些安全措施。故选 C 项。
28 ．D 29 ．D 30 ．D 31 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，围绕冰岛火山灰对人体健康的影响展开。世界卫生组织警告人们，若火山灰沉降，应尽量待在室内，因其可能危害健康。但其他专家对此有不同看法，认为火山灰的危害被夸大。
28 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people.(在火山爆发期间，火山灰甚至可以被健康人深深吸入肺部并引起不适)” 可知，即使是健康人也可能因火山灰感到不适。故选 D。
29 ．细节理解题。根据第四段“And he said most Europeans ’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at
risk.(他说，大多数欧洲人接触到火山灰的可能性可以忽略不计，只有冰岛火山附近地区的人才可能面临风险)” 可知，肯 唐纳森认为冰岛火山附近地区的人最有可能因火山灰面临风险。故选 D。
30．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health(然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响)” 以及第五题“Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was “over the top” and “a bit hysterical”(斯皮罗说，为避免火山灰而戴口罩或待在室内是“过头了” ，有点 “hysterical”)” 可知，专家认为世界卫生组织的警告有些夸大其词。故选 D。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano
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starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday(世界卫生组织周五警告称，如果冰岛火山灰开始沉降，欧洲人应尽量待在室内)” ，表明 WHO 对火山灰影响健康的警 告；第三段中“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major
effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were “hysterical” . (然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响，并表示世卫组织的警告“有些夸张”)”体现了其他专家与WHO 不同的观点。综合来看，全文主要围绕对火山灰健康风险的不同观点展开。故选 C。
32 ．C 33 ．D 34 ．B 35 ．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以客观陈述的方式，介绍了地震的分布规律、历史案例及危害特点，通过列举不同国家和时期的地震实例，说明地震的普遍性、不可预测性等事实。
32 ．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most places in the world, however, have them regularly.(然而，世界上大多数地方都会有规律地发生地震。)”可知，地震在世界上大多数地区有规律地发生。故选 C 项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2000 people died.(1755 年，葡萄牙发生了有记录以来最强的地震之一，约 2000 人死亡。)”可知，1755 年葡萄牙地震导致约2000 人死亡。故选 D 项。
34 ．细节理解题。根据第五段“The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008.(有记录以来最严重的地震也发生在中国，约 8 万人伤亡，该地震发生在 2008 年。)”可知，最严重的地震发生在 2008 年的中国。故选 B 项。
35 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most
people.(强震并不总是造成最多人员死亡的地震。)”可知，地震强度与死亡人数并非正相关。故选 A 项。
36 ．B 37 ．G 38 ．C 39 ．F 40 ．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰震的相关信息，包括其定义、与地震的异同、发生地点、原因、感受以及是否只发生在南极洲等内容。
36 ．上文“The name might make you think of earthquakes. (这个名字可能会让你想到地震)”说 明冰震的名字会让人联想到地震，空处承接上文，进一步说明冰震和地震在某些方面相似。 B 选项“在某些方面，这两者非常相似”符合语境。故选 B。
37 ．上文“When water freezes, it expands (膨胀). (当水结冰时，它会膨胀)”说明水结冰时会膨胀，空处承接上文，说明水结冰膨胀后会产生什么结果。G 选项“ 当地下水变成冰时，它会
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破坏周围的土壤和岩石”符合语境。故选 G。
38 ．下文“Experts there say Earth’s coldest continent has had hundreds of thousands of them in
recent years. (那里的专家说，地球上最冷的大陆近年来已经发生了数十万次冰震)”说明南极洲冰震发生频繁，空处位于段首，应是本段的主旨句，说明冰震在南极洲很常见。C 选项“冰震在南极洲很常见”符合语境。故选 C。
39 ．上文“You might imagine the very low temperatures are the cause. (你可能会认为极低的温度是原因）”说明人们可能会认为冰震是由于极低的温度引起的，下文“Rising temperatures cause Antarctic ice to melt (融化). This makes water that can freeze again to cause an icequake.
(气温上升导致南极冰融化。这会产生水，水可以再次冻结，从而引发冰震)”说明气温上升 也会引发冰震，空处承接上文，说明实际上冰震是由于天气变暖导致的。F 选项“但实际上，由于天气变暖，它们正在增加”符合语境。故选 F。
40 ．上文“What does an icequake feel like (冰震是什么感觉)”说明本段主要介绍冰震的感受，下文“Often, people don’t feel them at all. (通常，人们根本感觉不到它们)”说明人们通常感觉 不到冰震，空处承接上文，进一步说明冰震与地震相比，强度较弱。E 选项“它们中的大多 数都比地震弱得多”符合语境。故选 E。
41 ．D 42 ．C 43 ．B 44 ．A 45 ．C 46 ．B 47 ．D 48 ．B
49 ．A 50 ．D 51 ．C 52 ．A 53 ．B 54 ．D 55 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 Joel Boyers 和他的未婚妻 Melody Among 在回家途中接到求救电话，他们毅然决定返回洪水肆虐的地区进行救援，在燃料几乎耗尽前成功救出17 人的故事。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：打电话的人告诉 Boyers，她的哥哥和两个侄女被困在 Waverly的屋顶上。A. killed 杀死；B. ignored 忽略；C. arranged 安排；D. trapped 困住。根据后文“on their roof in Waverly” 以及“by floodwater, they didn’t think they would survive” 以及洪水背景可知，他们是被洪水困住了。故选 D。
42 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被洪水包围，以为自己活不下去了。A. Impressed 使印象深刻；B. Damaged 破坏；C. Surrounded 包围；D. Protected 保护。根据前文“were 1 on their roof in Waverly”后文“by floodwater”可知，被困在屋顶应是被洪水包围。故选 C。
43 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：绝望中，打电话的人在谷歌上搜索了 Boyers 的公司寻求帮助。A. Curious 好奇的；B. Desperate 绝望的；C. Excited 兴奋的；D. Satisfied 满意的。根
答案第 7 页，共 12 页
据前文“they didn’t think they would survive”可知，他们以为自己活不下去了，所以很绝望。故选 B。
44 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Boyers 毫不犹豫地知道他们会回去。A. hesitation 犹豫；B. permission 允许；C. warning 警告；D. effort 努力。根据后文“‘I’ve got a daughter myself, ’ Boyers says” 以及他立刻展开救援的行为可知，他没有犹豫。without hesitation 意为“毫不犹豫” 。故选 A。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：开车回到机场后，他们很快就起飞了，对接下来会发生什么毫无准备。A. disappointed 失望的；B. heartbroken 心碎的；C. unprepared 没有准备的；D. mistaken 错误的。根据后文““As soon as I 6 over the area, it was nothing but rapid water
below me,” he says.”可知，他们一开始对具体情况并不了解，是毫无准备的。故选 C。
46 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我一飞到那个地区上空，下面就只有湍急的水流，”他说。 A. took 拿走；B. popped 突然出现；C. pulled 拉；D. fell 落下。根据后文“over the area, it was nothing but rapid water below me”可知，这里描述飞机飞到该地区上空的情景，“popped over”有突然到达的意味，符合语境。故选 B。
47 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人能在那种情况下游泳。A. surf 冲浪；B. fish 钓鱼；
C. sink 下沉；D. swim 游泳。根据前文“it was nothing but rapid water”及“Two houses on fire. Cars in trees. Tons of debris (碎石).”可知，水流湍急且环境危险，没人能在这样的水里游泳。故选 D。
48 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们开始搜寻屋顶上、桥上——任何 Boyers可以让直升机降落并把他们带上飞机的地方的人。A. praying 祈祷；B. searching 搜寻；C. calling
打电话、呼叫；D. applying 申请。根据后文“for people on roofs, bridges — anywhere Boyers
could land his helicopter”可知，他们的任务是救援，所以是搜寻需要救援的人。故选 B。
49 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们开始搜寻屋顶上、桥上——任何 Boyers可以让直升机降落并把他们带上飞机的地方的人。A. onboard 在船上（或飞机上、车上）；B. away离开；C. backward 向后；D. down 向下。根据前文“anywhere Boyers could land his helicopter”可知，此处指让被救的人上直升机。故选 A。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个十几岁的孩子浑身湿透，筋疲力尽，几乎要从水里出来了。A. enthusiastic 热情的；B. proud 骄傲的；C. drunk 喝醉的；D. exhausted 筋疲力尽的。根据前文“The teen, all wet” 以及后文“was barely out of the water”结合语境可知，少年被困在 水里，应是疲惫不堪的。故选 D。
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51 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于没有地方降落，Boyers 降低了直升机的高度，直到它刚好停在水面上。A. turned 转动；B. pushed 推；C. lowered 降低；D. speeded 加速。根据后文“the helicopter until it stayed just above the water line”可知，此处指降低了直升机的高度。
故选 C。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他们又回到了空中。A. air 空气；B. house 房子；C. water水；D. roof 屋顶。根据前文“The rescued man managed to help the teen to the helicopter.”可知，救到人后，直升机应是重新升空，回到空中继续救援。故选 A。
53 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Boyers 和 Among 的任务在开始 90 分钟后结束了，当时专 业的救援队出现了。A. obstacle 障碍；B. mission 任务；C. intention 意图；D. fortune 运气。根据后文“ended 90 minutes after it began” 以及“after rescuing 17 people”可知，他们的救援行动是一项任务。故选 B。
54 ．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Boyers 和 Among 的任务在开始 90 分钟后结束了，当时专业的救援队出现了。A. held back 抑制、隐瞒；B. settled down 定居；C. broke in 闯入；D. showed up 出现。根据前文“when professional rescue teams”可知，此处指专业的救援队出现了。故选
D。
55 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：时机正好——Boyers和 Among 在救出 17 人后几乎耗尽了燃料。A. almost 几乎；B. still 仍然；C. rather 相当；D. even 甚至。根据前文“good timing”及后文“out of fuel after rescuing 17 people”可知，在他们几乎没油时任务结束，时机刚好。故选A。
56 ．that##which 57 ．The 58 ．homeless 59 ．were trapped 60 ．immediately
61 ．countries 62 ．professional 63 ．and 64 ．to save 65 ．showing
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了 2015 年 4 月 25 日尼泊尔发生的地震，地震造成的巨大破坏，以及中国和其他国家对尼泊尔的紧急援助，展现了国际合作精神和大国责任。
56 ．考查定语从句。句意： 2015 年 4 月 25 日发生在尼泊尔的一场地震，是人类历史上一次重大灾难。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为 An earthquake，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 that 或 which。故填 that / which。
57 ．考查冠词。句意： 这场地震造成了巨大破坏。此处特指前文提到的发生在 2015 年 4 月25 日尼泊尔的地震，所以用定冠词 The。首字母大写。故填 The。
58．考查形容词。句意： 大量的人无家可归，几乎找不到避难所。根据语境可知， 地震使得
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很多人失去家园，此处用形容词 homeless ，意为“无家可归的” ，作宾语补足语。故填homeless。
59．考查动词语态和时态。句意：更糟糕的是，许多人被困在破碎的砖块和石头下，这使得救援工作极其困难。根据上下文可知，事情发生在过去，主语 many（指代 many people）
与 trap 之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was / were +过去分词”，主语 many 是复数，所以用 were trapped 。故填 were trapped。
60 ．考查副词。句意：中国立即开始组织紧急救援。此处修饰动词短语 organize emergency aid ，应用副词 immediately ，意为“立即，马上” 。故填 immediately。
61 ．考查名词复数。句意：来自不同国家的国际救援队很快赶到尼泊尔提供帮助。country为可数名词，由 different 修饰，应用复数形式 countries 作宾语。故填 countries。
62 ．考查形容词。句意：它由 62 名成员组成，是一支装备精良且专业的队伍。此处修饰名词 team ，应用形容词 professional ，意为“专业的” 。故填 professional。
63．考查连词。句意：队伍里既有经验丰富的地震专家，也有医务人员。both... and...为固定搭配，意为“ 既 又 ”，连接两个并列成分。故填 and。
64 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们是第一支抵达尼泊尔的国际重型救援队，准备拯救生命。 be ready to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“准备做某事” ，所以此处用动词不定式 to save 。故填 to
save。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国迅速行动并提供慷慨援助，在全球范围内展现了国际合作精神和大国责任。此处为非谓语动词作状语，show 与逻辑主语 China之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词 showing 作状语。故填 showing。
66 ． Good morning, everyone!
As the “Disaster Prevention Science Week” is around the corner, I’d like to share some
knowledge about fire emergencies. When a fire breaks out, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, bend down and move along the wall to find the nearest exit. Never use the elevator.
Besides, call 119 for help immediately. Let’s all pay close attention to fire safety and prevent fires from happening. Thanks for listening.
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生写一篇广播稿，在“ 防灾科普周” 向同学们介绍一些火灾应急知识。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
发生：break out → occur
答案第 10 页，共 12 页
立刻：immediately → right away
关注：pay close attention to → focus on
防止：prevent → stop
2. 句式拓展：
同义句
原句：When a fire breaks out, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel.
拓展句：In case of a fire, you should cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, which can protect yourself against the thick smoke.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】When a fire breaks out, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, bend down and move along the wall to find the nearest exit. (运用了 when 引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型 2】As the “Disaster Prevention Science Week” is around the corner, I’d like to share some knowledge about fire emergencies. (运用了 as 引导的时间状语从句)
67 ． Now on Maui, situations were becoming worse. Many more houses were burnt down,
leaving countless people homeless. People lacked drinking water, food and clothes. Some began to fall ill and what’s worse, it was hard for them to get access to medicine, which was more
challenging for parents with children. They were in great need of help. The government were
taking action. But it was depressing that urgent need for food, medicine and shelter was still hard to be achieved. Thankfully, more and more volunteers were joining.
Together with other volunteers, Alex and his brother collected large quantities of supplies on Oahu. Considering those helpless parents with children, Alex mainly collected baby supplies, including milk and diapers. His brother and other volunteers collected lots oftents, clothes and medicine. They arranged boats to deliver the necessities to Maui as quickly as possible. Many
doctors and nurses on Oahu volunteered to head for Maui to offer timely medical assistance. Thanks to the efforts from those dedicated people, people in need on Maui were getting out of trouble.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。Aubrey 是三个孩子的母亲，在有一次野火失去了家园，
在邻居和志愿者的帮助下来到了她的兄弟家继续生活下去。她的丈夫和兄弟后来也加入了志愿者队伍，帮助岛上的居民渡过难关。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“现在毛伊岛，情况变得越来越糟。”可知，第一段可描写毛伊岛上的
答案第 11 页，共 12 页
悲惨的情况：缺少水，食物，衣服以及急需的药品。
②由第二段首句内容“亚历克斯和他的兄弟与其他志愿者一起在瓦胡岛收集了大量的物资。”可知，第二段可描写作者的丈夫和兄弟们加入志愿者退队伍做出的努力。
2.续写线索：岛上情况越来越糟糕——缺少物资，药品——政府的行动难以缓解状况——亚历克斯加入志愿者队伍——收集婴儿用品、帐篷、衣服和药品——毛伊岛摆脱困境
3.词汇激活行为类
①让无数人无家可归：leaving countless people homeless / making countless people homeless
②缺乏：lacked/were short of
③得到：get access to / access情绪类
①谢天谢地：Thankfully/ God be thanked
②令人沮丧的：depressing / frustrating
【点睛】【高分句型 1】Many more houses were burnt down, leaving countless people homeless. (使用了现在分词 leaving 充当结果状语)
【高分句型 2】Some began to fall ill and what’s worse, it was hard for them to get access to
medicine, which was more challenging for parents with children. (使用了 which 引导的非限制性从句)
答案第 12 页，共 12 页
(考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：150 分)
注意事项：
1 ．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2 ．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时， 将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3 ．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1 ．Which disaster are the speakers experiencing
A ．A storm.
B ．A flood.
C ．An earthquake.
2 ．What might hit the town
A ．A flood. B ．A drought. C ．An earthquake.
3 ．How can doctors go to the earthquake-stricken area
A ．By ship. B ．By train. C ．By air.
4 ．What are the speakers talking about
A ．The man’s work. B ．A disaster. C ．The president.
5 ．How can doctors go to the earthquake-stricken area
A ．By ship. B ．By train. C ．By air.
第二节(共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
试卷第 1 页，共 13 页
6 ．How does the woman feel about the storm
A ．Anxious. B ．Surprised. C ．Scared.
7 ．What happened according to the man
A ．His car was damaged.
B ．His house was flooded.
C ．The trees in his yard fell.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8 ．What’s the woman
A ．A volunteer. B ．A reporter. C ．A government official.
9 ．How was the forest damaged
A ．By a forest fire. B ．By native people. C ．By a terrible storm.
10 ．How does the man feel about the government
A ．Dissatisfied. B ．Nervous. C ．Worried.
11 ．What does the man want from the government
A ．Guidance. B ．Enough money. C ．Volunteers.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
12 ．What is probably the woman
A ．A policewoman. B ．A gardener. C ．A reporter.
13 ．What did the man see when he ran out last night
A ．A burning house. B ．A fallen tree. C ．Many dead birds.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14 ．What was the feature of the earthquake in Peru
A ．Lasting for a long time. B ．Causing serious damage. C ．Being deep in the ground.
15 ．What damage did the earthquake cause
A ．Three slightly injured people.
B ．Total destruction of a church.
C ．Traffic accidents on the highway.
试卷第 2 页，共 13 页
16 ．What do Peruvians (秘鲁人) do to deal with frequent earthquakes
A ．Learn skills to survive earthquakes.
B ．Turn to modern technologies.
C ．Move to a safer country.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17 ．What caused the fire in the Smiths' house
A ．An electric cooker. B ．A forest fire. C ．A lightning storm.
18 ．What will the Smiths do
A ．Rebuild their house. B ．Move to a new town. C ．Buy a new house.
19 ．What can be learned from the story
A ．Never give up.
B ．No pain, no gain.
C ．Many hands make light work.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Last month, a series of wildfires broke out in southern California, killing dozens of people. The clouds of smoke can even be seen from space.
People of many fire-prone (容易起火的) areas as well as those far downwind have grown familiar with the thick, orange smoke. Such smoke can contain an unpredictable chemicals linked with heart and lung diseases and even cancer. Here’s what makes wild-fire smoke so dangerous.
When organic matter like trees burns, it releases CO2, water, heat and, depending on the
available fuel, various chemicals and particles (颗粒) . Those tiny particles, which float in the air, can include metals, dust and more. If they’re smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (直径),
they can get through our body’s natural defenses when breathed in and go deep into the lungs, causing many health problems. Such particles, called PM2.5, is a common pollutant. It’s also
试卷第 3 页，共 13 页
created by motor vehicles and industrial plants. But the type present in wildfire smoke can be much more harmful to the human body.
When a fire breaks out in an urban area, it destroys homes, offices, cars and other facilities. In other words, more stuff is burned. Paints, metals and more can release many kinds of harmful chemicals. A 2023 study found that the quantity of harmful chemicals released during urban
wildfires was more than 1,000 times larger than that in fires happening in woodland areas.
What’s worse, over time, the smoke is exposed to sunlight. The radiation can cause a set of reactions that usually result in other pollutants. Then, as smoke containing these chemicals travels and settles over other cities, it can mix with even more local pollution. Research also suggests that those chemicals and particles, both possibly harmful, can combine to make their respective health risks even worse.
20 ．What is the main topic of the text
A ．The causes of wildfires. B ．Climate change impact.
C ．Preventing urban wildfires. D ．Health risks of wildfire smoke.
21 ．Why is PM2.5 from wildfire smoke dangerous
A ．It enters the lungs. B ．It travels far.
C ．It’s larger in size. D ．It’s only from fires.
22 ．What’s a key difference between urban and woodland wildfires
A ．Urban fires affect more trees. B ．Urban fires burn less material.
C ．Urban fires release more pollutants. D ．Urban fires produce less smoke.
23 ．What will probably happen when wildfire smoke is exposed to sunlight
A ．It changes color. B ．It becomes harmless.
C ．It quickly disappears. D ．It forms other pollutants.
B
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas
and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement,
试卷第 4 页，共 13 页
these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injures happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall
buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle if it is available. Never shout for help.
Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
24 ．What does the underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A ．Easily broken. B ．Easily found.
C ．Expensive. D ．Heavy.
25 ．Where should items made of glass be put to reduce the injury from the earthquake
A ．On cupboards. B ．In the bedroom.
C ．On a lower surface. D ．Places where children can’t reach them.
26 ．What are people advised to do during an earthquake
A ．To go out of the building at once. B ．To turn off power and gas immediately.
C ．To take shelter under a tree. D ．To drive to a safe place.
27 ．What’s the purpose of the passage
A ．To introduce the damage caused by earthquakes.
B ．To introduce the rescue work after earthquakes.
C ．To introduce what to do during earthquakes.
D ．To introduce how to prevent earthquakes.
C
试卷第 5 页，共 13 页
Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday as small amounts fell in Iceland, Scotland and
Norway.
WHO spokesman Daniel Epstein said the microscopic ash is potentially dangerous for
people when it starts to reach the Earth because inhaled particles (微粒) can enter the lungs and cause respiratory (呼吸的) problems. And he also said Europeans who go outside might want to consider wearing a mask.
Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were “hysterical”. They said volcanic ash was much
less dangerous than cigarette smoke or pollution. Volcanic ash is made of fine particles of
fragmented volcanic rock. It is light gray to black and can be as fine as talcum powder. During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people. But once it falls from a greater distance—like from the cloud currently hovering above
Europe— its health effects are often minimal, experts say.
“Not all particles are created equal,” said Ken Donaldson, a professor of respiratory
toxicology at the University of Edinburgh, “In the great scheme of things, volcanic ash is not all
that harmful.” And he said most Europeans’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at risk.
Dr. Stephen Spiro, a professor of respiratory medicine and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation, said the further the particles travel, the less dangerous they will be. “The cloud has
already passed over northern Scotland and we haven’t heard of any ill effects there,” he said. Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was “over the top” and “a bit hysterical”
28 ．What can you team in paragraph 3
A ．The volcanic ash had no impact on Europeans.
B ．Other experts highly approved of WHO’s warnings.
C ．The volcanic ash posed more risks than cigarette smoke.
D ．Even healthy people could experience discomfort due to the ash.
29 ．According to Ken Donaldson, who are most likely to be at risk due to the volcanic ash
A ．Europeans living in big cities.
B ．People who often smoke cigarettes.
试卷第 6 页，共 13 页
C ．Those staying outdoors for a long time.
D ．People in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano.
30 ．What does the underlined word “hysterical” in paragraph 5 most probably mean
A ．Amazing. B ．Practical. C ．Valuable. D ．Overstated.
31 ．What is the text mainly about
A ．Panic caused by volcanic ash.
B ．WHO’s warnings on volcanic ash.
C ．Views on volcanic ash’s health risks.
D ．Volcanic ash’s environmental effects.
D
Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no
earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly (有规律地). Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.
The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over
700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.
Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2000 people died.
In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.
One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008.
Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People can not prepare for it.
32 ．Earthquakes happen .
A ．in all the places in the world
B ．only in the countries that have a lot of mountains
C ．regularly in most places in the world
D ．only in a few places along the mountains
试卷第 7 页，共 13 页
33 ．How many people died in the earthquake which happened in Portugal in 1755？
A ．About 500. B ．About 140 000. C ．About 400 000. D ．About 2000.
34 ．When and where was the worst earthquake ever recorded？
A ．1964; Alaska. B ．2008; China. C ．1923; Japan. D ．1976; China.
35 ．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true
A ．The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed.
B ．Earthquakes can cause fires.
C ．People still don’t know how to tell when an earthquake will come.
D ．Earthquakes often come unexpectedly (出乎意料地).
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you lived in Antarctica, the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth, you’d get to experience icequakes nearly every day.
What is an icequake The name might make you think of earthquakes. 36 Both
icequakes and earthquakes cause the ground to shake. They can both be measured by instruments called seismographs. The biggest difference between the two is how they’re caused.
Many people already know what causes earthquakes. Icequakes, on the other hand, happen when water in the ground freezes (结冰) very quickly. When water freezes, it expands (膨胀).
37 In some cases, it can even cause cracks (裂缝) in the ground above.
38 Experts there say Earth’s coldest continent has had hundreds of thousands of
them in recent years. They’ve also shared that most icequakes happen at night when temperatures drop.
Why is Antarctica experiencing so many icequakes You might imagine the very low
temperatures are the cause. 39 Rising temperatures cause Antarctic ice to melt (融化). This makes water that can freeze again to cause an icequake.
What does an icequake feel like 40 Often, people don’t feel them at all. But they can usually hear an icequake. It makes a loud pop.
试卷第 8 页，共 13 页
Do icequakes only happen in Antarctica No! They also take place in Greenland, most often near glaciers (冰川). You might also hear an icequake in Canada, as well as in the
midwestern and northeastern United States.
A ．But earthquakes can often cause fires.
B ．In some ways, the two are very similar.
C ．Icequakes are common across Antarctica.
D ．Icequakes make a loud noise that’s hard to miss.
E ．Most of them are much weaker than earthquakes.
F ．But they are actually on the rise because of warmer weather.
G ．As groundwater becomes ice, it breaks up the soil and rocks around it.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分 30 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Joel Boyers and his fiancée (未婚妻), Melody Among, were heading home when he
received a call. The caller told Boyers that her brother and two nieces were on their roof in Waverly. by floodwater, they didn’t think they would survive. , the caller had Googled Boyers’s company for help.
Without , Boyers knew they would go back up. “I’ve got a daughter myself,”
Boyers says. Driving back to the airport, they were soon in the air, for what came next. “As soon as I over the area, it was nothing but rapid water below me,” he says. “Two houses on fire. Cars in trees. Tons of debris (碎石). No one was going to in that.”
There they began for people on roofs, bridges — anywhere Boyers could land his helicopter and get them . One rescued man pointed to a teenager he’d seen holding a tree. The teen, all wet and , was barely out of the water. With no place to land, Boyers the helicopter until it stayed just above the water line. The rescued man managed to help the teen to the helicopter. Then they were back in the .
Boyers and Among’s ended 90 minutes after it began, when professional rescue teams . It was good timing — Boyers and Among were out of fuel after rescuing
试卷第 9 页，共 13 页
17 people. They are our heroes.
41 ．A ．killed B ．ignored C ．arranged D ．trapped
42 ．A ．Impressed B ．Damaged C ．Surrounded D ．Protected
43 ．A ．Curious B ．Desperate C ．Excited D ．Satisfied
44 ．A ．hesitation B ．permission C ．warning D ．effort
45 ．A ．disappointed B ．heartbroken C ．unprepared D ．mistaken
46 ．A ．took B ．popped C ．pulled D ．fell
47 ．A ．surf B ．fish C ．sink D ．swim
48 ．A ．praying B ．searching C ．calling D ．applying
49 ．A ．onboard B ．away C ．backward D ．down
50 ．A ．enthusiastic B ．proud C ．drunk D ．exhausted
51 ．A ．turned B ．pushed C ．lowered D ．speeded
52 ．A ．air B ．house C ．water D ．roof
53 ．A ．obstacle B ．mission C ．intention D ．fortune
54 ．A ．held back B ．settled down C ．broke in D ．showed up
55 ．A ．almost B ．still C ．rather D ．even
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Natural disasters are no stranger to humans. An earthquake 56 struck Nepal on April 25, 2015, was a disaster of great magnitude in human history.
57 earthquake caused huge damage. Buildings like old temples and schools fell into ruins. A large number of people were made 58 (home) and could hardly find a shelter.
What’s worse, many 59 (trap) under the broken bricks and stones, making it extremely hard to carry out the rescue.
Hearing the tragic news, China showed its strong sense of responsibility. It started to
organize emergency aid 60 (immediate). International rescue teams from different 61 (country) soon rushed to Nepal to offer help. Among them, the China International Search and
Rescue Team was remarkable. Consisting of 62 members, it was a well-equipped and 62
试卷第 10 页，共 13 页
(profession) team. There were both experienced earthquake experts 63 medical staff. They were the first international heavy rescue team to arrive in Nepal, ready 64 (save) lives.
By early May, China had donated emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars. China took quick action and offered generous help, 65 (show) the spirit of international cooperation and major-country responsibility globally. A further round of emergency aid was on the way
where more support for the quake-hit country would arrive.
第四部分 写作(满分 40 分)
第一节 书信写作
66．假定你是校英文广播站的成员，你准备在“ 防灾科普周” 向同学们介绍一些火灾应急知识。请你写一篇广播稿，内容包括：
1. 发生火灾时如何自救；
2. 呼吁同学们关注用火安全。
注意：1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Good morning, everyone!
Thanks for listening.
第二节 读后续写
67 ．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Aubrey, a mom of three, was breastfeeding her 10-month-old daughter in her Maui home
last week when alarms started going off and she saw her entire neighborhood was covered in black smoke.
Aubrey and her husband Alex rushed out of the home and into their car, escaping with their 10-month-old daughter as well as their 6-year-old twin daughters. They didn’t take any
试卷第 11 页，共 13 页
necessities. In fact, they had never thought the wildfires would ever get to where they lived. After all, they were very far.
While Aubrey and her family eventually made it to safety, a relative’s home, they later learned their own home was burned to the ground.
They were left with no possessions, so Alex had to go to the neighborhood surrounding his relative’s home searching for supplies for his baby daughter Blue. He went door-to-door, asking if anyone had a baby and if there was a bottle or a diaper (尿布) and some extra milk.
One neighbor just had a baby so he gave Alex two bottles. And some neighbors gave Alex two diapers and some gave her three. Alex later said. “They were holding onto their own diapers too, which I understand.”
The disaster turned into a crisis for countless parents like Aubrey and Alex, who had to escape quickly and now needed basic supplies to keep their children alive and safe.
The wildfires claimed the lives of over 100 people, while many more remained missing. Officials on Maui warned that their supplies were running out.
Aubrey and Alex decided to travel to another island, Oahu, where they could stay in the home of Alex’s brother’s. There, they had more access to supplies like diapers and milk. Then they managed to contact with volunteers and left in a lifeboat for Oahu. Thinking those helpless people, they cried in pain.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Now on Maui, situations were becoming worse.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Together with other volunteers, Alex and his brother collected large quantities of supplies on Oahu.
_______________________________________________________________________________
试卷第 12 页，共 13 页
______________________________
试卷第 13 页，共 13 页
1 ．C
【原文】M: Please go away from the tall buildings as soon as possible.
W: Why The shaking has stopped. It’s over.
M: Because the following small earthquakes can come soon. It’s better to be safe than sorry.
2 ．C
【原文】W: We moved out before it reached this town. When we returned, I found there was dust everywhere.
M: It was really scary. The walls of my house were knocked down, and the whole neighborhood was in ruins.
3 ．C
【原文】M: The strong earthquake has destroyed transport in that area.
W: Then how can rescue teams and supplies reach there
M: By plane. Food, clothing, rescue and medical teams are all sent in this way.
4 ．B
【原文】W: John, did you see the news today
M: No, what happened I’ve been busy with work today.
W: There was a big earthquake in San Diego. The president was on the news talking about it earlier. I think they said two people were killed.
5 ．C
【原文】M: The strong earthquake has destroyed transport in that area.
W: Then how can rescue teams and supplies reach there
M: By plane. Food, clothing, rescue and medical teams are all sent in this way.
6 ．C 7 ．A
【原文】M: Did you hear that storm last night I hardly got any sleep because the noise kept me awake all night.
W: Yes, I know. That was a horrible storm. It was raining all night with lightning and strong wind. The lightning hit the trees in my yard and damaged the power line.
M: Yes. It also did some damage to my car. I hear that problems are worse elsewhere, though.
W: Yes, the down town area was totally flooded. And all of the stores along Main Street are closed today.
答案第 1 页，共 12 页
8 ．B 9 ．C 10 ．A 11 ．A
【原文】W: Welcome to this programme. This afternoon I’m standing in the middle of the northern Black Forest, with David Bright.
M: Good afternoon, Mary.
W: David, you’re very concerned about the forest, aren’t you Can you tell us why
M: Well, much of the forest was wiped out in the terrible storm last winter. Many of the trees are dead, and more are dying. We believe that the government isn’t doing enough to rebuild this
beautiful forest.
W: I see. But you have spoken to the government about this.
M: We’ve tried, but each time they say that they haven’t got enough money. They are always using money as the excuse. It’s getting really disappointing!
W: But it’s not just an excuse, is it They clearly don’t have enough money for everything and the storm was unexpected.
M: Of course, we can appreciate that, and the point is that actually we aren’t asking for much money. We would just like their guidance — we can provide volunteers to work on the forest.
12 ．C 13 ．B
【原文】W: I’m from the Daily News. Can you tell me what happened to you last night
M: If you like. What do you want to know
W: When did the strong winds and rain start
M: I’m not sure, but it was after I went to bed.
W: When do you usually go to bed
M: At eleven most nights. Before I fell asleep, I heard a noise in the garden. I ran out and saw a tree fall on the house.
W: How old was the tree
M: That’s the sad thing. It’s been in the garden for about two hundred years and many birds lived in it.
W: Well. Thanks for talking to me.
14 ．C 15 ．A 16 ．A
【原文】M: Betty, did you hear the news An earthquake hit northern Peru this Sunday.
W: No. Was it a big one
答案第 2 页，共 12 页
M: Yes. It had a magnitude of 7.5 and was felt nearly 800 kilometers away in the capital of Lima.
W: That’s terrible. Did it cause a lot of damage
M: Luckily, it didn’t. Although the quake was extremely strong, it was very deep. It measured 112 kilometers, so the possibility of damage was greatly reduced.
W: Then what effect did it have
M: Part of a 16th-century church fell and three people were slightly injured. And some falling stones blocked several highways in the Cajamarca region in Peru.
W: Hope it will be fine. It seems earthquakes are common in Peru.
M: Yes. Most Peruvians are taught basic skills to deal with earthquakes from an early age.
W: That’s necessary. Our geography teacher once introduced many cases of earthquakes in her lecture to us. It’s terrifying.
M: Yeah. I hope one day modern technologies can help find a way to prevent serious damage in an earthquake.
17 ．C 18 ．A 19 ．C
【原文】It can often feel like we are living in dark times, so it's nice to be able to report this next local story. A community in the seaside town of Newhaven came together to help a family in a
time of need. The Smith family was away on holiday when their house was struck by lightning
during a storm. This caused an electrical fire, which quickly spread through the house. When the Smith family returned from vacation, they found their house burned to the ground. Because the
fire had been caused by lightning, their insurance provider refused to pay. However, they regained hope when their neighbors and friends came to support them. A community fundraiser had already been organized, with local businesses all offering help, not just with money but food and
necessities to help the Smiths rebuild their lives. They now have enough money to rebuild their home so that they can stay in their loving community. Their story serves as a powerful reminder that a problem shared is a problem halved and the more people there are, the greater the strength. Thank you, and good night.
20 ．D 21 ．A 22 ．C 23 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了野火烟雾对健康的危害，分析了其成分、来源及在城市与林地火灾中的差异，并指出烟雾在阳光下的反应会加剧污染。
20 ．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Last month, a series of wildfires broke out in
答案第 3 页，共 12 页
southern California, killing dozens of people. The clouds of smoke can even be seen from
space.(上个月，加利福尼亚南部爆发了一系列野火，导致数十人丧生。从太空中甚至都能看到烟雾云团)”和第二段中“Such smoke can contain an unpredictable chemicals linked with heart and lung diseases and even cancer. Here’s what makes wild-fire smoke so dangerous. (这种烟雾可能含有与心脏病、肺病甚至癌症有关的不可预测的化学物质。这就是野火烟雾如此危险的原因)”可知，文章主要讨论了野火烟雾对健康的危害。故选 D。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“If they’re smaller than 2. 5 micrometers in diameter (直径), they can get through our body’s natural defenses when breathed in and go deep into the lungs, causing many health problems. Such particles, called PM2. 5, is a common pollutant. (如果它们的直径小于 2.5 微米，吸入时就能突破人体的自然防御，深入肺部，引发许多健康问题。这种颗粒被称为 PM2.5 ，是一种常见的污染物)”可知，PM2.5 之所以危险，是因为它能进入肺部，引发健康问题。故选 A。
22 ．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A 2023 study found that the quantity of harmful chemicals
released during urban wildfires was more than 1,000 times larger than that in fires happening in
woodland areas. (2023 年的一项研究发现，城市野火释放的有害化学物质数量是林地火灾的1000 多倍)”可知，城市野火与林地野火的关键区别在于城市野火释放的污染物更多。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“What’s worse, over time, the smoke is exposed to sunlight. The radiation can cause a set of reactions that usually result in other pollutants. (更糟糕的是，随着时间的推移，烟雾会暴露在阳光下。辐射会引起一系列反应，通常会产生其他污染物)”可知，野火烟雾暴露在阳光下会形成其他污染物。故选 D。
24 ．A 25 ．C 26 ．B 27 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在地震发生时，应该采取什么样的安全措施。
24．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you. (Fragile 物品，像玻璃制品这样的物品通常应该放在靠近地面的较低位置，而不是放在较高的橱柜上。当有强烈震动时，这些东西会直接掉到地板上，而不是砸到你身上)”可知，玻璃制品这类物品是易碎的，由于 like 后是对 fragile items 的举例说明，由此推知 Fragile 的意思是“ 易碎的”。故选 A项。
答案第 4 页，共 12 页
25 ．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. (易碎物品，如玻璃制品，通常应该放在靠近地面的较低位置，而不是放在较高的橱柜上)”可知，玻璃制品应该放在较低位置以减少地震造成的伤害。故选 C 项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens. (地震发生时，一定要立即切断电源和煤气)”可知，地震发生时，人们应该首先切断电源和煤气。故选 B 项。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members. (因此，学习一些简单的安全提示来保护自己或家人是明智的)”以及后文介绍的地震时的具体做法可知，本文的主要目的是介绍地震时应采取的一些安全措施。故选 C 项。
28 ．D 29 ．D 30 ．D 31 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，围绕冰岛火山灰对人体健康的影响展开。世界卫生组织警告人们，若火山灰沉降，应尽量待在室内，因其可能危害健康。但其他专家对此有不同看法，认为火山灰的危害被夸大。
28 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“During a volcanic eruption, the ash can be breathed deep into the lungs and cause irritation even in healthy people.(在火山爆发期间，火山灰甚至可以被健康人深深吸入肺部并引起不适)” 可知，即使是健康人也可能因火山灰感到不适。故选 D。
29 ．细节理解题。根据第四段“And he said most Europeans ’ exposure to volcanic ash would be negligible and that only those in the near districts of the Icelandic volcano would likely be at
risk.(他说，大多数欧洲人接触到火山灰的可能性可以忽略不计，只有冰岛火山附近地区的人才可能面临风险)” 可知，肯 唐纳森认为冰岛火山附近地区的人最有可能因火山灰面临风险。故选 D。
30．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major effect on people’s health(然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响)” 以及第五题“Spiro said to wear masks or stay indoors to avoid volcanic ash was “over the top” and “a bit hysterical”(斯皮罗说，为避免火山灰而戴口罩或待在室内是“过头了” ，有点 “hysterical”)” 可知，专家认为世界卫生组织的警告有些夸大其词。故选 D。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Europeans should try to stay indoors if ash from Iceland’s volcano
答案第 5 页，共 12 页
starts settling, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Friday(世界卫生组织周五警告称，如果冰岛火山灰开始沉降，欧洲人应尽量待在室内)” ，表明 WHO 对火山灰影响健康的警 告；第三段中“Other experts, however, weren’t convinced the volcanic ash would have a major
effect on people’s health and said WHO’s warnings were “hysterical” . (然而，其他专家不相信火山灰会对人们的健康产生重大影响，并表示世卫组织的警告“有些夸张”)”体现了其他专家与WHO 不同的观点。综合来看，全文主要围绕对火山灰健康风险的不同观点展开。故选 C。
32 ．C 33 ．D 34 ．B 35 ．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以客观陈述的方式，介绍了地震的分布规律、历史案例及危害特点，通过列举不同国家和时期的地震实例，说明地震的普遍性、不可预测性等事实。
32 ．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most places in the world, however, have them regularly.(然而，世界上大多数地方都会有规律地发生地震。)”可知，地震在世界上大多数地区有规律地发生。故选 C 项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2000 people died.(1755 年，葡萄牙发生了有记录以来最强的地震之一，约 2000 人死亡。)”可知，1755 年葡萄牙地震导致约2000 人死亡。故选 D 项。
34 ．细节理解题。根据第五段“The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China, in which about 80 000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 2008.(有记录以来最严重的地震也发生在中国，约 8 万人伤亡，该地震发生在 2008 年。)”可知，最严重的地震发生在 2008 年的中国。故选 B 项。
35 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most
people.(强震并不总是造成最多人员死亡的地震。)”可知，地震强度与死亡人数并非正相关。故选 A 项。
36 ．B 37 ．G 38 ．C 39 ．F 40 ．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰震的相关信息，包括其定义、与地震的异同、发生地点、原因、感受以及是否只发生在南极洲等内容。
36 ．上文“The name might make you think of earthquakes. (这个名字可能会让你想到地震)”说 明冰震的名字会让人联想到地震，空处承接上文，进一步说明冰震和地震在某些方面相似。 B 选项“在某些方面，这两者非常相似”符合语境。故选 B。
37 ．上文“When water freezes, it expands (膨胀). (当水结冰时，它会膨胀)”说明水结冰时会膨胀，空处承接上文，说明水结冰膨胀后会产生什么结果。G 选项“ 当地下水变成冰时，它会
答案第 6 页，共 12 页
破坏周围的土壤和岩石”符合语境。故选 G。
38 ．下文“Experts there say Earth’s coldest continent has had hundreds of thousands of them in
recent years. (那里的专家说，地球上最冷的大陆近年来已经发生了数十万次冰震)”说明南极洲冰震发生频繁，空处位于段首，应是本段的主旨句，说明冰震在南极洲很常见。C 选项“冰震在南极洲很常见”符合语境。故选 C。
39 ．上文“You might imagine the very low temperatures are the cause. (你可能会认为极低的温度是原因）”说明人们可能会认为冰震是由于极低的温度引起的，下文“Rising temperatures cause Antarctic ice to melt (融化). This makes water that can freeze again to cause an icequake.
(气温上升导致南极冰融化。这会产生水，水可以再次冻结，从而引发冰震)”说明气温上升 也会引发冰震，空处承接上文，说明实际上冰震是由于天气变暖导致的。F 选项“但实际上，由于天气变暖，它们正在增加”符合语境。故选 F。
40 ．上文“What does an icequake feel like (冰震是什么感觉)”说明本段主要介绍冰震的感受，下文“Often, people don’t feel them at all. (通常，人们根本感觉不到它们)”说明人们通常感觉 不到冰震，空处承接上文，进一步说明冰震与地震相比，强度较弱。E 选项“它们中的大多 数都比地震弱得多”符合语境。故选 E。
41 ．D 42 ．C 43 ．B 44 ．A 45 ．C 46 ．B 47 ．D 48 ．B
49 ．A 50 ．D 51 ．C 52 ．A 53 ．B 54 ．D 55 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 Joel Boyers 和他的未婚妻 Melody Among 在回家途中接到求救电话，他们毅然决定返回洪水肆虐的地区进行救援，在燃料几乎耗尽前成功救出17 人的故事。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：打电话的人告诉 Boyers，她的哥哥和两个侄女被困在 Waverly的屋顶上。A. killed 杀死；B. ignored 忽略；C. arranged 安排；D. trapped 困住。根据后文“on their roof in Waverly” 以及“by floodwater, they didn’t think they would survive” 以及洪水背景可知，他们是被洪水困住了。故选 D。
42 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被洪水包围，以为自己活不下去了。A. Impressed 使印象深刻；B. Damaged 破坏；C. Surrounded 包围；D. Protected 保护。根据前文“were 1 on their roof in Waverly”后文“by floodwater”可知，被困在屋顶应是被洪水包围。故选 C。
43 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：绝望中，打电话的人在谷歌上搜索了 Boyers 的公司寻求帮助。A. Curious 好奇的；B. Desperate 绝望的；C. Excited 兴奋的；D. Satisfied 满意的。根
答案第 7 页，共 12 页
据前文“they didn’t think they would survive”可知，他们以为自己活不下去了，所以很绝望。故选 B。
44 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Boyers 毫不犹豫地知道他们会回去。A. hesitation 犹豫；B. permission 允许；C. warning 警告；D. effort 努力。根据后文“‘I’ve got a daughter myself, ’ Boyers says” 以及他立刻展开救援的行为可知，他没有犹豫。without hesitation 意为“毫不犹豫” 。故选 A。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：开车回到机场后，他们很快就起飞了，对接下来会发生什么毫无准备。A. disappointed 失望的；B. heartbroken 心碎的；C. unprepared 没有准备的；D. mistaken 错误的。根据后文““As soon as I 6 over the area, it was nothing but rapid water
below me,” he says.”可知，他们一开始对具体情况并不了解，是毫无准备的。故选 C。
46 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我一飞到那个地区上空，下面就只有湍急的水流，”他说。 A. took 拿走；B. popped 突然出现；C. pulled 拉；D. fell 落下。根据后文“over the area, it was nothing but rapid water below me”可知，这里描述飞机飞到该地区上空的情景，“popped over”有突然到达的意味，符合语境。故选 B。
47 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人能在那种情况下游泳。A. surf 冲浪；B. fish 钓鱼；
C. sink 下沉；D. swim 游泳。根据前文“it was nothing but rapid water”及“Two houses on fire. Cars in trees. Tons of debris (碎石).”可知，水流湍急且环境危险，没人能在这样的水里游泳。故选 D。
48 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们开始搜寻屋顶上、桥上——任何 Boyers可以让直升机降落并把他们带上飞机的地方的人。A. praying 祈祷；B. searching 搜寻；C. calling
打电话、呼叫；D. applying 申请。根据后文“for people on roofs, bridges — anywhere Boyers
could land his helicopter”可知，他们的任务是救援，所以是搜寻需要救援的人。故选 B。
49 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们开始搜寻屋顶上、桥上——任何 Boyers可以让直升机降落并把他们带上飞机的地方的人。A. onboard 在船上（或飞机上、车上）；B. away离开；C. backward 向后；D. down 向下。根据前文“anywhere Boyers could land his helicopter”可知，此处指让被救的人上直升机。故选 A。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个十几岁的孩子浑身湿透，筋疲力尽，几乎要从水里出来了。A. enthusiastic 热情的；B. proud 骄傲的；C. drunk 喝醉的；D. exhausted 筋疲力尽的。根据前文“The teen, all wet” 以及后文“was barely out of the water”结合语境可知，少年被困在 水里，应是疲惫不堪的。故选 D。
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51 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于没有地方降落，Boyers 降低了直升机的高度，直到它刚好停在水面上。A. turned 转动；B. pushed 推；C. lowered 降低；D. speeded 加速。根据后文“the helicopter until it stayed just above the water line”可知，此处指降低了直升机的高度。
故选 C。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他们又回到了空中。A. air 空气；B. house 房子；C. water水；D. roof 屋顶。根据前文“The rescued man managed to help the teen to the helicopter.”可知，救到人后，直升机应是重新升空，回到空中继续救援。故选 A。
53 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Boyers 和 Among 的任务在开始 90 分钟后结束了，当时专 业的救援队出现了。A. obstacle 障碍；B. mission 任务；C. intention 意图；D. fortune 运气。根据后文“ended 90 minutes after it began” 以及“after rescuing 17 people”可知，他们的救援行动是一项任务。故选 B。
54 ．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Boyers 和 Among 的任务在开始 90 分钟后结束了，当时专业的救援队出现了。A. held back 抑制、隐瞒；B. settled down 定居；C. broke in 闯入；D. showed up 出现。根据前文“when professional rescue teams”可知，此处指专业的救援队出现了。故选
D。
55 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：时机正好——Boyers和 Among 在救出 17 人后几乎耗尽了燃料。A. almost 几乎；B. still 仍然；C. rather 相当；D. even 甚至。根据前文“good timing”及后文“out of fuel after rescuing 17 people”可知，在他们几乎没油时任务结束，时机刚好。故选A。
56 ．that##which 57 ．The 58 ．homeless 59 ．were trapped 60 ．immediately
61 ．countries 62 ．professional 63 ．and 64 ．to save 65 ．showing
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了 2015 年 4 月 25 日尼泊尔发生的地震，地震造成的巨大破坏，以及中国和其他国家对尼泊尔的紧急援助，展现了国际合作精神和大国责任。
56 ．考查定语从句。句意： 2015 年 4 月 25 日发生在尼泊尔的一场地震，是人类历史上一次重大灾难。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为 An earthquake，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 that 或 which。故填 that / which。
57 ．考查冠词。句意： 这场地震造成了巨大破坏。此处特指前文提到的发生在 2015 年 4 月25 日尼泊尔的地震，所以用定冠词 The。首字母大写。故填 The。
58．考查形容词。句意： 大量的人无家可归，几乎找不到避难所。根据语境可知， 地震使得
答案第 9 页，共 12 页
很多人失去家园，此处用形容词 homeless ，意为“无家可归的” ，作宾语补足语。故填homeless。
59．考查动词语态和时态。句意：更糟糕的是，许多人被困在破碎的砖块和石头下，这使得救援工作极其困难。根据上下文可知，事情发生在过去，主语 many（指代 many people）
与 trap 之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was / were +过去分词”，主语 many 是复数，所以用 were trapped 。故填 were trapped。
60 ．考查副词。句意：中国立即开始组织紧急救援。此处修饰动词短语 organize emergency aid ，应用副词 immediately ，意为“立即，马上” 。故填 immediately。
61 ．考查名词复数。句意：来自不同国家的国际救援队很快赶到尼泊尔提供帮助。country为可数名词，由 different 修饰，应用复数形式 countries 作宾语。故填 countries。
62 ．考查形容词。句意：它由 62 名成员组成，是一支装备精良且专业的队伍。此处修饰名词 team ，应用形容词 professional ，意为“专业的” 。故填 professional。
63．考查连词。句意：队伍里既有经验丰富的地震专家，也有医务人员。both... and...为固定搭配，意为“ 既 又 ”，连接两个并列成分。故填 and。
64 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们是第一支抵达尼泊尔的国际重型救援队，准备拯救生命。 be ready to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“准备做某事” ，所以此处用动词不定式 to save 。故填 to
save。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国迅速行动并提供慷慨援助，在全球范围内展现了国际合作精神和大国责任。此处为非谓语动词作状语，show 与逻辑主语 China之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词 showing 作状语。故填 showing。
66 ． Good morning, everyone!
As the “Disaster Prevention Science Week” is around the corner, I’d like to share some
knowledge about fire emergencies. When a fire breaks out, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, bend down and move along the wall to find the nearest exit. Never use the elevator.
Besides, call 119 for help immediately. Let’s all pay close attention to fire safety and prevent fires from happening. Thanks for listening.
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生写一篇广播稿，在“ 防灾科普周” 向同学们介绍一些火灾应急知识。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
发生：break out → occur
答案第 10 页，共 12 页
立刻：immediately → right away
关注：pay close attention to → focus on
防止：prevent → stop
2. 句式拓展：
同义句
原句：When a fire breaks out, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel.
拓展句：In case of a fire, you should cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, which can protect yourself against the thick smoke.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】When a fire breaks out, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, bend down and move along the wall to find the nearest exit. (运用了 when 引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型 2】As the “Disaster Prevention Science Week” is around the corner, I’d like to share some knowledge about fire emergencies. (运用了 as 引导的时间状语从句)
67 ． Now on Maui, situations were becoming worse. Many more houses were burnt down,
leaving countless people homeless. People lacked drinking water, food and clothes. Some began to fall ill and what’s worse, it was hard for them to get access to medicine, which was more
challenging for parents with children. They were in great need of help. The government were
taking action. But it was depressing that urgent need for food, medicine and shelter was still hard to be achieved. Thankfully, more and more volunteers were joining.
Together with other volunteers, Alex and his brother collected large quantities of supplies on Oahu. Considering those helpless parents with children, Alex mainly collected baby supplies, including milk and diapers. His brother and other volunteers collected lots oftents, clothes and medicine. They arranged boats to deliver the necessities to Maui as quickly as possible. Many
doctors and nurses on Oahu volunteered to head for Maui to offer timely medical assistance. Thanks to the efforts from those dedicated people, people in need on Maui were getting out of trouble.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。Aubrey 是三个孩子的母亲，在有一次野火失去了家园，
在邻居和志愿者的帮助下来到了她的兄弟家继续生活下去。她的丈夫和兄弟后来也加入了志愿者队伍，帮助岛上的居民渡过难关。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“现在毛伊岛，情况变得越来越糟。”可知，第一段可描写毛伊岛上的
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悲惨的情况：缺少水，食物，衣服以及急需的药品。
②由第二段首句内容“亚历克斯和他的兄弟与其他志愿者一起在瓦胡岛收集了大量的物资。”可知，第二段可描写作者的丈夫和兄弟们加入志愿者退队伍做出的努力。
2.续写线索：岛上情况越来越糟糕——缺少物资，药品——政府的行动难以缓解状况——亚历克斯加入志愿者队伍——收集婴儿用品、帐篷、衣服和药品——毛伊岛摆脱困境
3.词汇激活行为类
①让无数人无家可归：leaving countless people homeless / making countless people homeless
②缺乏：lacked/were short of
③得到：get access to / access情绪类
①谢天谢地：Thankfully/ God be thanked
②令人沮丧的：depressing / frustrating
【点睛】【高分句型 1】Many more houses were burnt down, leaving countless people homeless. (使用了现在分词 leaving 充当结果状语)
【高分句型 2】Some began to fall ill and what’s worse, it was hard for them to get access to
medicine, which was more challenging for parents with children. (使用了 which 引导的非限制性从句)
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