阅读理解主旨大意题（含解析）—2026届高考英语二轮复习专题考点专练（北京版）
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| 名称 | 阅读理解主旨大意题（含解析）—2026届高考英语二轮复习专题考点专练（北京版） |
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| 文件大小 | 79.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-29 00:00:00 | ||
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文档简介
一、知识脉络
二、重难解码
考点 1 文章大意
1 ．My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not
running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not
athletic”.
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my
30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
试卷第 1 页，共 11 页
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.
What does the story mainly tell us
A ．A man owes his success to his family support.
B ．A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C ．Failure is the mother of success.
D ．One is never too old to learn.
2 ．Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to communicate with the world—through painting.
Before learning to paint, Li always felt lonely in a silent world. She knew she was different from her peers because she could not hear. But a painting class in primary school opened for her a door to creativity and a way of expression.
“I still remember my first mural, which was to help a kindergarten to design and paint its wall,” Li says. “The project made me realize how happy I was immersing myself into painting.”
To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a vocational and
technical school. “Painting brushes can help me create a colorful world in my imagination, telling my thoughts on paper, instead of through voices,” Li said.
Graduating from college in 2005, Li got a job as a typist at a public institute. But she could not communicate well with her other colleagues. Her husband understood how she felt because he lost his hearing due to medication when he was 1 year old. He is also an art lover. In March 2016, under her husband’s suggestion, Li quit her job and joined her husband’s company, which
specializes in 3D wall and ground paintings.
Wall painting is a demanding job because it requires people to work outdoors, whether in extremely cold or hot weather. As all the people are hearing-impaired in their company,
communication with clients is the most common challenge that the team faces.
Now in many parks and scenic spots, the couple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make onlookers a part of the drawings.
“My husband and I want to introduce painting to more people like us and help them find
试卷第 2 页，共 11 页
their own way to make a living,” Li says. Now Li has an apprentice who just graduated from college. While coaching the newcomer, Li is exploring her own style and hopes to become an illustrator and open her own exhibition one day.
“They’re energetic young people with a passion to create new things, and you can feel that in their paintings,” one of their clients said. “They’re also a professional, dedicated team, often
working late into the night on the designs for us.”
Li hopes that their stories can encourage more hearing-impaired people to build their own careers and achieve their goals, regardless of how tough it may be.
What does the passage mainly tell us
A ．One is never too old to learn.
B ．Failure is the mother of success.
C ．Accepting what you have makes you happy.
D ．Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.
考点 2 段落大意
3 ．After United Airlines baggage handlers mashed Dave Carroll’s $3,500 guitar during a 2008 flight, he spent months fruitlessly seeking compensation. Then he created a music video
“United Breaks Guitars” and posted it on YouTube. Within three days the video had been viewed by 1.5 million people. Consequently, United’s stock plunged (暴跌).
For Dennis Herhausen, an associate professor of marketing at KEDGE Business School in France, this incident brought new focus to his and his colleagues’ research on digital assets,
“When someone puts up a complaint and other customers enter the conversation, a firestorm can erupt. We wanted to understand this new phenomenon.” Herhausen says.
In his recent study, the researchers looked at 472,995 negative comments posted in the
public Facebook communities of 89 U.S. companies from October 2011 through January 2016.
They used computerized textual analysis to measure the intensity of emotions in each post. To
assess the relationship between a post’s author and the rest ofthe online community, they counted their communications; the higher the number, the stronger the tie and the greater the likelihood
that the person served as an influencer. They also measured the linguistic similarity between each post and the community’s overall content.
试卷第 3 页，共 11 页
Next the researchers analyzed companies’ responses, looking at what the companies had
offered an unhappy customer; measuring the amount of empathy and explanation in each
response. To measure virality (扩散性), they added up the likes, comments, and shares inspired by each post and compared the total with the average for the community in which it appeared. As a
result of this work, the researchers developed several recommendations to deal with online complaints.
Companies should respond to negative posts, and fast. “The worst thing you can do is
ignore the customer,” Herhausen says. The responses fell into five main categories: companies suggested moving the conversation to a private channel, apologized, provided an explanation, expressed empathy, and offered compensation.
Which strategy worked best Apologies and requests to switch to a private channel could generally work best at early stage. Offering to compensate an unhappy customer had the opposite effect — a result that took the researchers by surprise. It might cause a complaining customer’s
frustration, the researchers say, but if companies suggest compensation immediately, other members of the community may see it as an opportunity to post a complaint in the hope of receiving something from the company themselves.
In general, early expressions of empathy were more effective than explanations. But there was an important exception: posts reflecting an unusual degree of high-arousal emotions. If
customers are extremely upset, the researchers say, an empathetic reply may feed their agitation, whereas a rational, fact-based explanation often helps cool them down.
Not all complaints can be contained. The study showed that once a complaint had
galvanized (激起) others in the online community, the company’s attempts to disengage by
apologizing or suggesting a channel change were not only ineffective but tended to fuel the
flames. On the contrary, compensation very late in the game may tamp down (压制) virality, but they need to be paired with explanations. Otherwise, they risk being seen as tacit admissions of guilt.
Finally, as a firestorm evolves, the organization should take care to make each response
distinct and to vary the use of empathy and explanation from one message to the next. “In some cases, the people in social media departments follow a script — the replies are always the same,” Grewal says. “That’s a clear sign that the company is not really attending to the situation.”
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There’s no one-size-fits-all approach to online complaints, and companies can obtain
considerable benefits from appropriate handling. An effective response strategy can reduce a
negative post’s virality by as much as 11%, the researchers calculate — which could translate to hundreds or thousands fewer likes and shares of complaints and limit any enduring damage to the company’s reputation and fortunes.
What are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly about
A ．The process of the research. B ．The motive for the research.
C ．The findings ofthe research. D ．The significance of the research.
4 ．By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called
phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create
colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to
the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a
climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model
projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean
changing. ” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be
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able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said,
“but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A ．The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B ．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C ．The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D ．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
5．Vast underwater meadows (草甸) of gently waving sea grass cover hundreds of miles up and down the West Coast. These blue-green fields perform a variety of important services. They
protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all
kinds of marine animals.
New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of
greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters. The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water,
counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.
“I think we are all very excited about it,” said lead study author Aurora Ricart, a scientist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Marine Sciences.
Ocean acidification is a side effect of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Some of this CO2 dissolves out of the air and into the sea, causing a chemical reaction that lowers the
water’s pH. Scientists sometimes refer to it as global warming’s “evil twin”—an invisible companion to climate change.
Ocean acidification can have harmful effects on marine organisms like shellfish and coral
by preventing them from properly forming the hard shells they need to survive. It’s a threat both to natural ecosystems and to shellfish fisheries around the world. The study presents a natural way to address the problem.
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Researchers analyzed six years of data from sea grass meadows spanning more than 600
miles off the California coastline. It focused on the common eelgrass, one of the most widespread sea grass species on the West Coast. The authors claim it’s the largest, most comprehensive study of its kind.
According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit,
equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity. The effect isn’t constant. It comes in waves and is influenced by temperature, daylight, ocean currents and other factors that affect water chemistry
and sea grass photosynthesis rates. But the tempering influence on acidification can be lasting,
sometimes persisting for up to three weeks at a time. The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.
The study didn’t investigate the effects of higher pH on marine organisms — that’s a
question for future research. But there’s reason to believe these meadows may have a positive influence on shellfish and other ocean animals.
Paragraph 7 tells us the research .
A ．findings
B ．process
C ．questions
D ．reflection
考点 3 标题判断
6．A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn’t need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were
cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life’s
problems with grace as well.
The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their
uniforms. It’s that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That’s stupid and it makes the rest ofus down here lazy.
I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best
potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother,
试卷第 7 页，共 11 页
Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who
have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal (基座) built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it’s dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who
blindly adores. That was Barkley’s point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn’t abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.
Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general (首席检察官) in
Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women
seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it
was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor (叛徒) for publicly attacking a fellow
female when we need to stand together behind this “role model”, or a fool for not going a step
further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.
How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney
general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can’t just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.
If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we’d learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we
might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.
Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A ．Be Our Representatives for Perfection
B ．Exploration of Our Own Heroic Potential
C ．Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures
D ．Our Conventional Views of Female Politician
7 ．Escaping predators (食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities — including those
试卷第 8 页，共 11 页
of humans — require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.
In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive — an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean
Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how
large the effects on marine ecosystems are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming
oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in
some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years,
some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.
A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because
all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less ofit at depth.
Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by
seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into
food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies
says. After all, he says, “they all have to breathe.”
Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp (虾) move their tails less vigorously to
preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.
Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A ．The Oxygen Levels of Marine Life B ．Ocean Warming Affects Food Web
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C ．The Survivability of Ocean Animals D ．The Ocean Is Running Out of Breath
8．Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an
extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad ” the
teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way —just got served. Since they were
young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”.
Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received
wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy.
Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be
harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts.
Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if
you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so
can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and
worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views — for example,
“Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.”
What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that
comparison. That’s something we all have control over.
Which would be the best title for the passage
A ．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit
B ．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties
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C ．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble
D ．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science
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1 ．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者第一次跑马拉松的经历，
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段 “Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner” .(我决心做我自己，勇往直前，摆脱羞耻和世俗的标签，现在我可以称自己为“马拉松冠军”)”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。即这个故事主要告诉我们一个成功者是一个有很强意志力的人。故选 B。
2 ．D
主旨大意题。根据首段“Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to
communicate with the world—through painting.(天生患有严重的听力损失，李找到了与世界交流的方式——通过绘画。)”可知，Li 虽听力受损，但她仍找到了与世界沟通的方式——绘画，根据第四段中的“To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a
vocational and technical school.(为了追求自己对艺术的热情，李去一所职业技术学校学习广告设计。)”可知，她为追求自己对艺术热爱，她上大学学习广告设计，并顺利毕业，找到一份工作，但她不满意自己的工作状况，又辞职与她丈夫从事 3D 墙面和地面绘画，并在各公园和旅游景点创作许多的艺术作品，由此可知，本文主要告诉我们的是，只要肯努力，没有什么不可能。故选 D 项。
3 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员针对网络投诉所开展的研究及其应对建议。
主旨大意题。根据第三段“In his recent study, the. researchers looked at 472,995
negative comments posted in the public Facebook communities of 89 U.S. companies from
October 2011 through January 2016. They used computerized textual analysis to measure the
intensity of emotions in each post. To assess the relationship between a post’s author and the rest of the online community, they counted their communications; the higher the number, the stronger the tie and the greater the likelihood that the person served as an influencer. They also measured
the linguistic similarity between each post and the community’s overall content.(在近期的一项研究中，研究人员分析了 2011 年 10 月至 2016 年 1 月期间，美国 89 家企业的公开 Facebook社群中发布的 472,995 条负面评论。他们借助计算机文本分析法， 对每条评论中的情绪强度进行了量化评估。为确定评论发布者与在线社群其他成员之间的关联程度， 研究人员统计了
答案第 1 页，共 4 页
双方的互动次数：互动次数越多，关联度越强，该发布者成为影响者的可能性也越大。此外，他们还衡量了每条评论与社群整体内容在语言表达上的相似度。)”及第四段“Next the
researchers analyzed companies’ responses, looking at what the companies had offered an
unhappy customer; measuring the amount of empathy and explanation in each response. To
measure virality (扩散性), they added up the likes, comments, and shares inspired by each post
and compared the total with the average for the community in which it appeared. As a result of
this work, the researchers developed several recommendations to deal with online complaints.(接下来，研究人员分析了企业的回应：查看企业向不满的客户提供了何种解决方案，同时评估了每则回应中包含的共情程度与解释内容。为衡量（负面评论的）扩散性，他们统计了每条评论引发的点赞、评论及分享数量，并将该总数与评论所在社群的平均数据进行对比。通过上述研究，研究人员提出了多项应对网络投诉的建议。)”可知，这两段主要讲述研究的具体过程，包括数据收集、分析方法及后续步骤。故选 A 项。
4 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，到本世纪末(如果不是更早的话) ，世界上的海洋将变得更蓝、更绿。
主旨大意题。根据第一段“By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.(一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，到本世纪末(如果不是更早的话) ，世界上的海洋将变得更蓝、更
绿。)”可知，一项新的研究表明，到本世纪，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿；结合第二段“At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine
microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the
organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.(这种现象的核心是被称为浮游植物的微小海洋微生物。由于光被生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于浮游植物的种类和浓度。)”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选 B。
5 ．A
段落大意题。根据第七段内容，结合本段首句“According to the study, sea grass
答案第 2 页，共 4 页
ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in
acidity.(根据这项研究，海草生态系统可以将pH 值提高 0.1 个单位以上，相当于酸度降低 30%左右)”以及末句“The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to
nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.(研究还表明，与附近没有海草的地区相比，海草生态系统的 pH 值在 65%的时间里更高)”可知，本段主要告诉我们这项研究的结果。
故选 A。
6 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者主要讨论了公众人物的影响， 并让我们对公众人物不要有不切实际的期望。
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we stopped trying to live our lives through the
accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we’d learn how to
recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within
ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity. (如果我们不再试图通过公众人物的成就来生活，他们中的许多人看起来和听起来都像我们，我们就会学会如何识别那些我们可能认识的人的英雄性格，以及我们自己的英雄潜力。或者， 也许，诚实地接受我们平凡的人性。)”及全文可知，文章主要讨论了公众人物的影响，并让我们对公众人物不要有不切实际的期望。所以 C 选项“Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures(我们对公众人物不切实际的期望)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选 C。
7 ．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势。文章还介绍了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响和对其生存的威胁。
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive — an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels
worldwide.(德国 Helmholtz 海洋研究中心的海洋学家 Andreas Oschlies 表示，在过去的十年，海水含氧量大幅下降，这一令人震惊的趋势与气候变化有关，该团队追踪了全球海水含氧量水平)”并通读全文可知，文章说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势，海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响和对其生存的威胁。因此本文主要是围绕着海洋氧含量下降而展开的。故 D 项“海洋快喘不过气来了”可以概括全文内容，适合作为 标题。故选 D。
答案第 3 页，共 4 页
8 ．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。探讨了社会比较并非全然有害， 通过调整看待比较的方式，它可以转化为促进自我成长的积极力量。
【小题 1】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. (当然，社会比较常常会给我们带来情感困扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理， 就可以利用它们来提升自我)”、第四段“Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and
inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation (如果你关注那些比你表现出色 的人所拥有而你没有的东西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；但如果你将这些比较作为动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力并受到鼓舞)”以及通读全文可知，社会比较并非全然有害，若运用得当可成为健康习惯，助力个人发展。由此可知，选项 A“将自己与他人进行比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”最适合作为标题。故选 A。
答案第 4 页，共 4 页
二、重难解码
考点 1 文章大意
1 ．My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not
running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not
athletic”.
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my
30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
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I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.
What does the story mainly tell us
A ．A man owes his success to his family support.
B ．A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C ．Failure is the mother of success.
D ．One is never too old to learn.
2 ．Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to communicate with the world—through painting.
Before learning to paint, Li always felt lonely in a silent world. She knew she was different from her peers because she could not hear. But a painting class in primary school opened for her a door to creativity and a way of expression.
“I still remember my first mural, which was to help a kindergarten to design and paint its wall,” Li says. “The project made me realize how happy I was immersing myself into painting.”
To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a vocational and
technical school. “Painting brushes can help me create a colorful world in my imagination, telling my thoughts on paper, instead of through voices,” Li said.
Graduating from college in 2005, Li got a job as a typist at a public institute. But she could not communicate well with her other colleagues. Her husband understood how she felt because he lost his hearing due to medication when he was 1 year old. He is also an art lover. In March 2016, under her husband’s suggestion, Li quit her job and joined her husband’s company, which
specializes in 3D wall and ground paintings.
Wall painting is a demanding job because it requires people to work outdoors, whether in extremely cold or hot weather. As all the people are hearing-impaired in their company,
communication with clients is the most common challenge that the team faces.
Now in many parks and scenic spots, the couple have created large-scale murals and interactive pavement painting that make onlookers a part of the drawings.
“My husband and I want to introduce painting to more people like us and help them find
试卷第 2 页，共 11 页
their own way to make a living,” Li says. Now Li has an apprentice who just graduated from college. While coaching the newcomer, Li is exploring her own style and hopes to become an illustrator and open her own exhibition one day.
“They’re energetic young people with a passion to create new things, and you can feel that in their paintings,” one of their clients said. “They’re also a professional, dedicated team, often
working late into the night on the designs for us.”
Li hopes that their stories can encourage more hearing-impaired people to build their own careers and achieve their goals, regardless of how tough it may be.
What does the passage mainly tell us
A ．One is never too old to learn.
B ．Failure is the mother of success.
C ．Accepting what you have makes you happy.
D ．Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.
考点 2 段落大意
3 ．After United Airlines baggage handlers mashed Dave Carroll’s $3,500 guitar during a 2008 flight, he spent months fruitlessly seeking compensation. Then he created a music video
“United Breaks Guitars” and posted it on YouTube. Within three days the video had been viewed by 1.5 million people. Consequently, United’s stock plunged (暴跌).
For Dennis Herhausen, an associate professor of marketing at KEDGE Business School in France, this incident brought new focus to his and his colleagues’ research on digital assets,
“When someone puts up a complaint and other customers enter the conversation, a firestorm can erupt. We wanted to understand this new phenomenon.” Herhausen says.
In his recent study, the researchers looked at 472,995 negative comments posted in the
public Facebook communities of 89 U.S. companies from October 2011 through January 2016.
They used computerized textual analysis to measure the intensity of emotions in each post. To
assess the relationship between a post’s author and the rest ofthe online community, they counted their communications; the higher the number, the stronger the tie and the greater the likelihood
that the person served as an influencer. They also measured the linguistic similarity between each post and the community’s overall content.
试卷第 3 页，共 11 页
Next the researchers analyzed companies’ responses, looking at what the companies had
offered an unhappy customer; measuring the amount of empathy and explanation in each
response. To measure virality (扩散性), they added up the likes, comments, and shares inspired by each post and compared the total with the average for the community in which it appeared. As a
result of this work, the researchers developed several recommendations to deal with online complaints.
Companies should respond to negative posts, and fast. “The worst thing you can do is
ignore the customer,” Herhausen says. The responses fell into five main categories: companies suggested moving the conversation to a private channel, apologized, provided an explanation, expressed empathy, and offered compensation.
Which strategy worked best Apologies and requests to switch to a private channel could generally work best at early stage. Offering to compensate an unhappy customer had the opposite effect — a result that took the researchers by surprise. It might cause a complaining customer’s
frustration, the researchers say, but if companies suggest compensation immediately, other members of the community may see it as an opportunity to post a complaint in the hope of receiving something from the company themselves.
In general, early expressions of empathy were more effective than explanations. But there was an important exception: posts reflecting an unusual degree of high-arousal emotions. If
customers are extremely upset, the researchers say, an empathetic reply may feed their agitation, whereas a rational, fact-based explanation often helps cool them down.
Not all complaints can be contained. The study showed that once a complaint had
galvanized (激起) others in the online community, the company’s attempts to disengage by
apologizing or suggesting a channel change were not only ineffective but tended to fuel the
flames. On the contrary, compensation very late in the game may tamp down (压制) virality, but they need to be paired with explanations. Otherwise, they risk being seen as tacit admissions of guilt.
Finally, as a firestorm evolves, the organization should take care to make each response
distinct and to vary the use of empathy and explanation from one message to the next. “In some cases, the people in social media departments follow a script — the replies are always the same,” Grewal says. “That’s a clear sign that the company is not really attending to the situation.”
试卷第 4 页，共 11 页
There’s no one-size-fits-all approach to online complaints, and companies can obtain
considerable benefits from appropriate handling. An effective response strategy can reduce a
negative post’s virality by as much as 11%, the researchers calculate — which could translate to hundreds or thousands fewer likes and shares of complaints and limit any enduring damage to the company’s reputation and fortunes.
What are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly about
A ．The process of the research. B ．The motive for the research.
C ．The findings ofthe research. D ．The significance of the research.
4 ．By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called
phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create
colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to
the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a
climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model
projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean
changing. ” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be
试卷第 5 页，共 11 页
able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said,
“but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A ．The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B ．The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C ．The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D ．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
5．Vast underwater meadows (草甸) of gently waving sea grass cover hundreds of miles up and down the West Coast. These blue-green fields perform a variety of important services. They
protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for all
kinds of marine animals.
New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of
greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters. The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water,
counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.
“I think we are all very excited about it,” said lead study author Aurora Ricart, a scientist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Marine Sciences.
Ocean acidification is a side effect of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Some of this CO2 dissolves out of the air and into the sea, causing a chemical reaction that lowers the
water’s pH. Scientists sometimes refer to it as global warming’s “evil twin”—an invisible companion to climate change.
Ocean acidification can have harmful effects on marine organisms like shellfish and coral
by preventing them from properly forming the hard shells they need to survive. It’s a threat both to natural ecosystems and to shellfish fisheries around the world. The study presents a natural way to address the problem.
试卷第 6 页，共 11 页
Researchers analyzed six years of data from sea grass meadows spanning more than 600
miles off the California coastline. It focused on the common eelgrass, one of the most widespread sea grass species on the West Coast. The authors claim it’s the largest, most comprehensive study of its kind.
According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit,
equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity. The effect isn’t constant. It comes in waves and is influenced by temperature, daylight, ocean currents and other factors that affect water chemistry
and sea grass photosynthesis rates. But the tempering influence on acidification can be lasting,
sometimes persisting for up to three weeks at a time. The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.
The study didn’t investigate the effects of higher pH on marine organisms — that’s a
question for future research. But there’s reason to believe these meadows may have a positive influence on shellfish and other ocean animals.
Paragraph 7 tells us the research .
A ．findings
B ．process
C ．questions
D ．reflection
考点 3 标题判断
6．A few years ago, Charles Barkley got into a lot of trouble for making the observation that sports figures didn’t need to be role models. Thousands of fans and professional journalists were
cross at this attack on the fundamental principle that the person who jumps highest must aim highest and the person who handles the running back must also be able to deal with life’s
problems with grace as well.
The problem is not that we look to these people for perfection when they take off their
uniforms. It’s that we expect anyone to be our representatives for perfection. That’s stupid and it makes the rest ofus down here lazy.
I get the importance of having heroes, the people who inspire us to cultivate the best
potential within us and nurture our better angels. I personally have many heroes, from my mother,
试卷第 7 页，共 11 页
Lucy, to my favorite law professor, Howard. But these are personal contacts, people who
have-actually touched my hand and my heart, and who occupy a pedestal (基座) built of my own experiences and aspirations. To look at an athlete or an actress with high salary and demand that he or she match our dreams is not only a waste of time, but it’s dangerous. The danger comes in how this type of hero worship dehumanizes both the object of affection and the person who
blindly adores. That was Barkley’s point, not that we should give public figures a pass for being faulty but that we shouldn’t abandon our own moral compasses and look to them for true north.
Recently on a television program I participated in, the discussion turned to Kathleen Kane. Someone suggested that the fact that the first female attorney general (首席检察官) in
Pennsylvania was really messing things up could have unfortunate consequences for women
seeking elected office. I offered the opinion that Kane was unquestionably criticized and that it
was not hatred towards woman but incompetence at the root of the attacks. After the show aired, I had people emailing to tell me that I was either a traitor (叛徒) for publicly attacking a fellow
female when we need to stand together behind this “role model”, or a fool for not going a step
further to say that this incompetent lawyer had made it harder for all women to move to the next level.
How depressing! Why should the inferior performance of one woman lead to such diverse but passionate views in people The answer is obvious: Kane has stopped being an attorney
general but has instead become The First Female Attorney General. She can’t just make a mistake and pay the normal consequences.
If we stopped trying to live our lives through the accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we’d learn how to recognize the heroic character of those we
might actually know, and the heroic potential within ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity.
Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A ．Be Our Representatives for Perfection
B ．Exploration of Our Own Heroic Potential
C ．Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures
D ．Our Conventional Views of Female Politician
7 ．Escaping predators (食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities — including those
试卷第 8 页，共 11 页
of humans — require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.
In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive — an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean
Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how
large the effects on marine ecosystems are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming
oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in
some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years,
some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.
A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because
all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less ofit at depth.
Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by
seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into
food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies
says. After all, he says, “they all have to breathe.”
Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp (虾) move their tails less vigorously to
preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.
Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A ．The Oxygen Levels of Marine Life B ．Ocean Warming Affects Food Web
试卷第 9 页，共 11 页
C ．The Survivability of Ocean Animals D ．The Ocean Is Running Out of Breath
8．Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an
extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad ” the
teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way —just got served. Since they were
young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”.
Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received
wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy.
Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be
harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts.
Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if
you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so
can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and
worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views — for example,
“Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.”
What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that
comparison. That’s something we all have control over.
Which would be the best title for the passage
A ．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit
B ．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties
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C ．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble
D ．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science
试卷第 11 页，共 11 页
1 ．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者第一次跑马拉松的经历，
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段 “Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner” .(我决心做我自己，勇往直前，摆脱羞耻和世俗的标签，现在我可以称自己为“马拉松冠军”)”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。即这个故事主要告诉我们一个成功者是一个有很强意志力的人。故选 B。
2 ．D
主旨大意题。根据首段“Born with severe hearing loss, Li has found her way to
communicate with the world—through painting.(天生患有严重的听力损失，李找到了与世界交流的方式——通过绘画。)”可知，Li 虽听力受损，但她仍找到了与世界沟通的方式——绘画，根据第四段中的“To pursue her passion for art, Li went to study advertising design at a
vocational and technical school.(为了追求自己对艺术的热情，李去一所职业技术学校学习广告设计。)”可知，她为追求自己对艺术热爱，她上大学学习广告设计，并顺利毕业，找到一份工作，但她不满意自己的工作状况，又辞职与她丈夫从事 3D 墙面和地面绘画，并在各公园和旅游景点创作许多的艺术作品，由此可知，本文主要告诉我们的是，只要肯努力，没有什么不可能。故选 D 项。
3 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员针对网络投诉所开展的研究及其应对建议。
主旨大意题。根据第三段“In his recent study, the. researchers looked at 472,995
negative comments posted in the public Facebook communities of 89 U.S. companies from
October 2011 through January 2016. They used computerized textual analysis to measure the
intensity of emotions in each post. To assess the relationship between a post’s author and the rest of the online community, they counted their communications; the higher the number, the stronger the tie and the greater the likelihood that the person served as an influencer. They also measured
the linguistic similarity between each post and the community’s overall content.(在近期的一项研究中，研究人员分析了 2011 年 10 月至 2016 年 1 月期间，美国 89 家企业的公开 Facebook社群中发布的 472,995 条负面评论。他们借助计算机文本分析法， 对每条评论中的情绪强度进行了量化评估。为确定评论发布者与在线社群其他成员之间的关联程度， 研究人员统计了
答案第 1 页，共 4 页
双方的互动次数：互动次数越多，关联度越强，该发布者成为影响者的可能性也越大。此外，他们还衡量了每条评论与社群整体内容在语言表达上的相似度。)”及第四段“Next the
researchers analyzed companies’ responses, looking at what the companies had offered an
unhappy customer; measuring the amount of empathy and explanation in each response. To
measure virality (扩散性), they added up the likes, comments, and shares inspired by each post
and compared the total with the average for the community in which it appeared. As a result of
this work, the researchers developed several recommendations to deal with online complaints.(接下来，研究人员分析了企业的回应：查看企业向不满的客户提供了何种解决方案，同时评估了每则回应中包含的共情程度与解释内容。为衡量（负面评论的）扩散性，他们统计了每条评论引发的点赞、评论及分享数量，并将该总数与评论所在社群的平均数据进行对比。通过上述研究，研究人员提出了多项应对网络投诉的建议。)”可知，这两段主要讲述研究的具体过程，包括数据收集、分析方法及后续步骤。故选 A 项。
4 ．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，到本世纪末(如果不是更早的话) ，世界上的海洋将变得更蓝、更绿。
主旨大意题。根据第一段“By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.(一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，到本世纪末(如果不是更早的话) ，世界上的海洋将变得更蓝、更
绿。)”可知，一项新的研究表明，到本世纪，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿；结合第二段“At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine
microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the
organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.(这种现象的核心是被称为浮游植物的微小海洋微生物。由于光被生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于浮游植物的种类和浓度。)”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选 B。
5 ．A
段落大意题。根据第七段内容，结合本段首句“According to the study, sea grass
答案第 2 页，共 4 页
ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit, equivalent to about a 30% decrease in
acidity.(根据这项研究，海草生态系统可以将pH 值提高 0.1 个单位以上，相当于酸度降低 30%左右)”以及末句“The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to
nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.(研究还表明，与附近没有海草的地区相比，海草生态系统的 pH 值在 65%的时间里更高)”可知，本段主要告诉我们这项研究的结果。
故选 A。
6 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者主要讨论了公众人物的影响， 并让我们对公众人物不要有不切实际的期望。
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we stopped trying to live our lives through the
accomplishments of public figures, many of whom look and sound like us, we’d learn how to
recognize the heroic character of those we might actually know, and the heroic potential within
ourselves. Or, perhaps, the honesty to accept our ordinary humanity. (如果我们不再试图通过公众人物的成就来生活，他们中的许多人看起来和听起来都像我们，我们就会学会如何识别那些我们可能认识的人的英雄性格，以及我们自己的英雄潜力。或者， 也许，诚实地接受我们平凡的人性。)”及全文可知，文章主要讨论了公众人物的影响，并让我们对公众人物不要有不切实际的期望。所以 C 选项“Our Unrealistic Expectation of Public Figures(我们对公众人物不切实际的期望)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选 C。
7 ．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势。文章还介绍了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响和对其生存的威胁。
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive — an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels
worldwide.(德国 Helmholtz 海洋研究中心的海洋学家 Andreas Oschlies 表示，在过去的十年，海水含氧量大幅下降，这一令人震惊的趋势与气候变化有关，该团队追踪了全球海水含氧量水平)”并通读全文可知，文章说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势，海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响和对其生存的威胁。因此本文主要是围绕着海洋氧含量下降而展开的。故 D 项“海洋快喘不过气来了”可以概括全文内容，适合作为 标题。故选 D。
答案第 3 页，共 4 页
8 ．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。探讨了社会比较并非全然有害， 通过调整看待比较的方式，它可以转化为促进自我成长的积极力量。
【小题 1】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. (当然，社会比较常常会给我们带来情感困扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理， 就可以利用它们来提升自我)”、第四段“Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and
inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation (如果你关注那些比你表现出色 的人所拥有而你没有的东西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；但如果你将这些比较作为动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力并受到鼓舞)”以及通读全文可知，社会比较并非全然有害，若运用得当可成为健康习惯，助力个人发展。由此可知，选项 A“将自己与他人进行比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”最适合作为标题。故选 A。
答案第 4 页，共 4 页