2026届高考英语专题归纳与训练全国通用版——阅读理解之猜词题（含解析）

阅读理解之猜词题
猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。同时， 考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
一、思维导图
二、方法点拨
1. 设问方式
The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .
“ …” as used in the passage can best be defined as …
What do you think the expression “ …” stands for
What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph
Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”
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The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by …
Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”
What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2
2. 七大技巧
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
1 ．The green, natural forest absorbs carbon dioxide from the air through photo- synthesis (光合作用). There is another way of dealing with the climate crisis. That is setting up fields of dark-colored solar panels (太阳能电池板), also known as “solar forests”, which replace power stations that use fossil fuels such as coal and gas to make electricity, thus mitigating harmful
emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases.
But since they are both relatively dark, they absorb a lot of solar radiation. Some of the
energy is used for photosynthesis in natural forests or to produce electricity in “solar forests”, but most returns to the atmosphere, heating it up. Then what would be the more effective land use
option in terms of the climate crisis: planting a forest, or building solar panels This issue has long been debated by decision-makers around the world. Now, we may have an answer, thanks to a
new study.
First, the researchers compared the impact of a forest on the climate crisis in a dry area to
that of a solar farm in a similar environment. The researchers found that the albedo effect (反射效应) of both of these “forests” was similar, but that the absorption or prevention of carbon
emissions was very different. It turns out that it takes 2.5 years for the heat emitted by solar farms to be balanced by the carbon emissions that are avoided, thanks to the energy they produce. In the case of a natural forest of similar size, it would take more than 100 years of photosynthesis to
balance its heating effect.
The researchers also studied how the heating-cooling relationship changed in other climates and found that in more humid environments, the heating effect of planting large numbers of trees is smaller. And the break-even point is reached within 15 to 18 years.
“In dry places, building solar forests seems far more effective in addressing the climate
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crisis. Meanwhile, forests absorb about a third of annual carbon emissions and play a vital role in the global rain cycle, in maintaining biodiversity and in many other environmental and social
contexts. Preventing them from being cut down and planting more trees in humid areas are of great significance,” explains one of the researchers in the study.
What does the underlined word “mitigating” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A ．Releasing. B ．Decreasing.
C ．Generating. D ．Stabilizing.
2 ．The California sea otter (海獭), once hunted to the edge of extinction, has staged a
thrilling comeback in the last century. Now, scientists have discovered that the otters’ success
story has led to something just as remarkable: the restoration of their declining coastal marsh (沼泽) habitat.
Elkhorn Slough, a coastal marsh within Monterey Bay, had been experiencing severe
damage. The root cause was a growing population of shore crabs, which fed heavily on the marsh plants, weakening the structural integrity of the habitat. Coastal marshes like these are not only
natural defenses against storm waves but also serve as important carbon storage areas and water-cleaning systems.
The conservation-driven comeback of the sea otter has been crucial. California’s coastlines were once alive with sea otters. Sadly, they were nearly wiped out at the hands of fur traders. In
the 1980s, conservation efforts aided these otters in re-occupying large areas of their former range. Now, Elkhorn Slough has the highest concentration of sea otters in California, with a population
of about 100. By naturally feasting on crabs, the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life. Brent Hughes, a scientist working alongside Angelini, led a three-year study. Their findings were clear: in areas with sea otters, crab numbers fell markedly. This led to a resurgence in plant growth, which in turn stabilized the soil and lowered the rate of soil washing away.
As the sea otter population continues to restore, their positive impact on coastal ecosystems is likely to increase. It not only showcases the sea otter as a central species—a species that has a significant effect on its natural environment—but also highlights the essential nature of top
predators (捕食者) in preserving ecological harmony. “My honest reaction was—this could
become a classic in the literature,” says scientist Lekelia Jenkins. She reveals marsh restoration also helps people by reducing flooding. “Suddenly, sea otters go from just cute things we like to
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something that can protect our livelihoods and our properties.”
What does the underlined word “resurgence” in paragraph 3 mean
A ．Barrier.
B ．Advancement.
C ．Expansion.
D ．Revival.
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。
3 ．I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box
because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72
hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1
A ．provider B ．delivery man
C ．collector D ．medical doctor
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：
①“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 ，” Anaclerio said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”
文中 interactive 是由前缀 inter(相互的)和 active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
②Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred possibility 是 possible 的同根名词，据此可以判断 possibility 的意思是“可能性”。例子 3
A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.
[分析] 根据构词法知识我们可知，un 为否定前缀，ness 为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可猜测 uneasiness 为“不安；担忧”之意。
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(全国 II 2014 阅读理解 A）
4．My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile ofunfamiliar papers...At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only returned the important documents to us that day, but also
restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean
A ．showed. B ．sent out. C ．delivered. D ．gave back.
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
5 ．Humans have long gained pleasure from the smells ofthe natural world. For the most part, though, human beings are not their target market. For plants, fragrances are a way to interact with insects and other animals. Their attraction for people happens simply by chance.
In chemical terms, most natural fragrances are made up of volatiles — so called because of their tendency to change states suddenly. Volatiles evaporate easily, drifting into noses. In plants’ reproductive processes, smelly volatiles attract pollinators (授粉昆虫). But their natural
applications are much more varied. If an insect chews through the leaves of some Bursera plants, out shoots a sticky, smelly liquid to trap it. Coyote tobacco plants are even more crafty: upon
sensing the smell of hungry caterpillars, they produce volatiles that attract predators to kill the pests.
What is truly amazing is just how wily plants can be in using their scents for reproduction. White flowers often emit their scent at night to attract nocturnal pollinators such as moths. They produce a dilute nectar (稀释的花蜜) that encourages moths to keep moving, rather than linger at a single bloom—all the better to increase pollination. Other flowers change their fragrance after being successfully pollinated, as a signal for insects to go elsewhere.
But though “Scent” is a story of plants’ cleverness, it is also a tale of the human kind.
People have long used fragrances for their own purposes, particularly for use in religious
ceremonies: perfume recipes on the walls of an Egyptian temple in Edfu demonstrate just how
long ingredients have been mixed in pursuit of the best blend. So highly prized were some scents
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that, to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon.
Eventually scientists no longer needed natural sources for fragrances. In 1866 a fragrance molecule was produced for the first time. Sixteen years later, Houbigant Parfum released Fougère Royale, the first “modern fantasy perfume” that creates an imaginary scent rather than copying a natural one. Nowadays fragrance–making is dominated by man–made compounds, which can be reliably and affordably produced in large quantities.
That has led to the mass production of smelly products, from toilet paper to toothpaste. Scent is accordingly big business. It is said that a world–famous fragrance and flavour
manufacturer that claims people interact with its products up to 30 times a day, had sales of ?3.8bn last year.
What does the underlined word “prized” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A ．Developed.
B ．Rewarded.
C ．Mixed.
D ．Valued.
5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
文章中的代词 it, that, he, him 或 them 可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it 和 that 还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远， 要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。
6 ．Love is one of life’s greatest motivators. That is exactly what inspired Zack to design a fully electric off-road wheelchair for his girlfriend suffering from paralysis (瘫痪).
Like most wheelchair-users, Cambry has always been restricted to the pavement for most of her adult life. Aside from that, using a wheelchair across long distances makes her shoulders ache. Zack Nelson, her boyfriend, wanted to give her the ability to explore more places conveniently, so he made a special wheelchair for her, which would make it possible.
Zack began by combining two electric bikes and installing a seat in the centre. It worked! Cambry experienced a whole new level of freedom using her new “ride”, and she couldn’t be
more grateful to Zack for coming up with it. Fast forward to a year later, Cambry and Zack tied the knot. They also began mass-production of the special wheelchair. Throughout that time, they
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improved the original design to make it a more reliable off-roader.
While similar vehicles already exist in the market, they said they’re either slow or cost as
much as a car. Cambry and Zack wanted to build something quick, light, super long-range, and
affordable at the same time. However, coming up with that kind of electric off-roader wasn’t easy.
The toughest challenge when developing the special wheelchair is the price. “We wanted to create something that is affordable for everyone. Finding quality components, and a simple
enough design at the cheapest price possibly took quite a bit oftime,” said Zack. “But I think we have something now that everyone will be able to enjoy, at a fraction (少量) of the cost of other ‘off-road wheelchairs’ currently on the market.” Another great thing about the vehicle is that it’s silent. Its rider will have no difficulty chatting with their companion while using it. Cambry and Zack are very happy with the fully-electric machine, and they hope that other wheelchair-users will also benefit from it.
What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A ．Walking on the pavement with ease.
B ．The special wheelchair made by Zack.
C ．The ability to explore more places conveniently.
D ．Cambry’s desire to reduce the pain of her shoulders.
6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复， 有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此， 考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。
7．Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help
my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A ．The more, the better.
B ．Enough is enough.
C ．More money, more worries.
D ．Earn more and spend more.
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
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根据上下句的连接词，如 but, however, otherwise 等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：
①A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle;_it can be a basket of fun.
从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle 和a basket of fun 是相反的意义，所以不难判断 hassle 的意思是“ 困难，麻烦”。
②She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but 一词表示转折，因此 but 前后的意思正好相反。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她平时一向“准时” 的结论。
③The players in the World Cup are professionals, while those who play in the Olympics must be amateurs.
由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出 amateurs 是professionals(专业人士)的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。
8 ．Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the
1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
…
What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean
A ．Tested. B ．Separated.
C ．Forced out. D ．Tracked down.
三、高考真题
2023 北京卷 D 篇
9 ．What is life Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer.
The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a
sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that
somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe
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target for criticism, such as declarations ofthe field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a
complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be,
well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life ’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother ’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to
create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution
(演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same
principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.
Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One
reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that
have shaped Earth biosphere.
Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and
generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.
What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A ．Shocked. B ．Protected. C ．Attracted. D ．Challenged.
2023 新高考 I 卷 B 篇
10 ．The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed
exploration ofwhat it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical
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foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen
online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital
declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 20I8 in which over I,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies
worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of
practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A ．Clear-up. B ．Add-on. C ．Check-in. D ．Take-over.
2023 新高考 C 篇
11．Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity
that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at
home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are
portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost
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in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured
objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the
printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be
activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes
written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a
wholly private, “off-line” activity.
What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A ．Understand. B ．Paint. C ．Seize. D ．Transform.
2022 全国甲卷 B 篇
12 ．Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was
rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with,
painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new
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research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm
summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women
now leading the charge.
Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A ．An artist. B ．A winner. C ．A specialist. D ．A pioneer.
2022 全国乙卷 D 篇
13 ．If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever
had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their
concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters ofthis book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between
literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain
Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden
shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to
reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories
accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those
who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they
made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系)
between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
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What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A ．Problem.
B ．History.
C ．Voice.
D ．Society.
2022 浙江 1 月 B 篇
14 ．Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find
encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my
parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit
discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also
offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit ofthe cupboard for my own zero waste
groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If
you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
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What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph
A ．Share an apartment with you.
B ．Join you in what you’re doing.
C ．Transform your way of living.
D ．Help you to make the decision.
2022 北京卷 D 篇
15 ．Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been
sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges
we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is
computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to
Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn
climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead
investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If
researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and
anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But
something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that
brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s
concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I
试卷第 14 页，共 27 页
have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A ．Open. B ．Cool. C ．Useful. D ．Resistant.
2022 全国 II 卷 C 篇
16．In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the
country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the
Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way:
Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its
darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his
way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are
decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid
description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A ．Developing a serious mental disease. B ．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C ．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D ．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
试卷第 15 页，共 27 页
2022 全国I 卷 C 篇
17．The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious
illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to
school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A ．Improve. B ．Oppose. C ．Begin. D ．Evaluate.
四、模拟演练
（1）
18 ．Guy Noble, one of Australia’s most famous conductors, who conducted the touring
concert “East Meets West”, said he’d like to learn more about Chinese music. “I’m impressed by the history and the beauty Chinese music has,” he’s said in an interview recently.
“East Meets West” concert tour in Australia was resumed this year after being postponed
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twice due to the pandemic. It was hosted in Canberra last Saturday, bringing audiences some
well-known Chinese and Western pieces such as Jasmine Flower, Carmen, Romeo and Juliet, and The Yellow River.
While it was called “East Meets West”, music from China and the West with the same
themes was brought together. Chinese singer Ya Fen and Australian singer Victoria Lambourn
performed a duet (二重唱) Hope Betrayed, which was inspired by the Chinese classic novel A
Dream of Red Mansions. Noble said he loved the duet as it showed completely different singing styles: traditional Chinese opera style and Western opera style. “They’re not exactly the same, but they came together,” he said.
Having been a professional conductor for more than 20 years, Noble called music an
international language. He noted that most music at the concert was about love, which was also an international language. He also spoke highly of some Chinese musicians, such as pianist Lang
Lang who he thought has inspired many kids in China to learn music.
Noble admitted his knowledge of Chinese culture was limited. He said that conducting the Canberra concert was “an experience that I’ve enjoyed”, which made him more interested in
discovering the background and history of the music, as well as the stories behind it. Noble is
ready to create more things that can involve dance or calligraphy or some of the other aspects of Chinese culture, and put them together with music.
What does the underlined word “resumed” in paragraph 2 mean
A ．Restarted.
B ．Expanded.
C ．Paused.
D ．Concluded.
19 ．Twenty-four trains, nine countries, 13, 500 miles. They are the numbers behind the heroic round trip one man took from Southampton in the UK to eastern China.
Roger Tyers, 37, used over $2, 500, which was almost twice more than the cost of a return flight, to travel to the Chinese port city Ningbo for academic research in May, 2019. The man
spent a month on board 15 trains during the first leg of his round trip. It was the climate crisis, not a love of trains, that drove the sociologist to choose this complicated route over a return flight. He stopped flying when UN climate experts warned that the world had less than 11 years to avoid
试卷第 17 页，共 27 页
terrible levels of global warming. Tyers calculated that his train journey to China produced almost 90% less emissions than a return flight.
Tyers is not the only person to avoid air travel in response to climate change. Thousands of people worldwide have publicly promised to stop flying. Activist Maja Rosen launched the “Flight Free” campaign in Sweden with the goal of encouraging 100,000 people not to fly for one year.
Although only around 14,000 people signed the online “#flightfree2019” pledge (保证), Rosen,
who stopped flying 12 years ago, says that the campaign had made more people worry about the
climate crisis and aware of harm of travel by air and motivated them to try new ways of travelling.
According to a survey released in May 2019 by Swedish Railways (SJ), 37% of
respondents chose to travel by train instead of by plane where possible, compared to 20% at the start of 2018. An SJ spokesperson said: “Rail travel has been augmented due to the worries.”
Domestic passenger numbers in July fell by 12% compared to the previous year, according to Swedavia, a company which operates Sweden’s 10 busiest Airports.
“The collective pledge helps fight the sense of hopelessness many people feel when it
comes to tackling climate change”, Rosen said. “One of the problems is that people feel there’s no point in what you do as an individual. The campaign is about making people aware that if we do this together, we can actually bring changes.”
What does “augmented” underlined in paragraph 4 mean
A ．Reduced.
B ．Adjusted
C ．Boosted.
D ．Applied.
20 ．Right at this moment, cockroaches (蟑螂) are doing more to save the environment than you are. A big overstatement Not ifyou’ve ever thrown away leftovers from your plate or bought more food than you could manage to cook in a week. You’re part of the food waste problem. But just like cockroaches, you can also be part of the solution.
For example, some farmers in Asia and Africa collect tomatoes in big bags, which means
that many of them get crushed out of shape and spoiled before they can be sold or eaten.
Switching the bags for large wooden containers already lowers the amount of food lost. Similar
successes can and have been achieved in various regions with weather-protected storage facilities.
试卷第 18 页，共 27 页
Let’s focus on China for a second. It’s one of the few countries with an innovative approach to minimizing the environmental impact of food waste. How does it do it Cockroaches. Millions of the tiny creatures are kept in farms in the suburban districts of big cities. Every morning, food
waste is delivered by the tonnes and fed to the cockroaches. Just like tiny pigs, they’re not picky
and devour everything quickly. After they die, they’re processed into protein-rich feed for animals such as cows or sheep, or used for cosmetic products and Chinese medicine. It’s an efficient and environmentally-friendly alternative to dumping leftover food in a landfill. Cockroaches aren’t
going to solve the problem with food waste, but they can serve as an inspiration for finding other similar solutions on a wider scale.
To avoid food waste completely, improvements are needed at every step of the food supply chain, from production to retail. These take time and are often out of your hands as a consumer.
But a meaningful reduction of food waste is definitely in your hands. You can not only buy less and shop more often, but also cut down on animal products.
What does the underlined word “devour” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A ．Preserve.
B ．Transform.
C ．Grasp.
D ．Swallow.
21 ．I was 16 years old the day I skipped school for the first time. It was easily done: Both my parents left for work before my school bus arrived, so when it showed up at my house on that cold winter morning, I simply did not get on. The perfect crime!
And what did I do with myself on that glorious stolen day, with no adult in charge and no limits on my activities Did I get high Hit the mall for shopping
Nope. I built a warm fire in the wood stove, prepared a bowl of popcorn, grabbed a blanket, and read. I was thrilled and transported by a book — it was Hemingway’s The Sun Also
Rises—and I just needed to be alone with it for a little while. I ached to know what would happen to Jake Barnes and Lady Brett Ashley and Robert Cohn. I couldn’t bear the thought of sitting in a classroom taking another biology exam when I could be traveling through Spain in the 1920s with a bunch of expatriates (异乡客).
I spent that day lost in words. Time fell away, as the room around me turned to mist, and
试卷第 19 页，共 27 页
my role — as a daughter, sister, teenager, and student — in the world no longer had any meaning. I had accidentally come across the key to perfect happiness: I had become completely absorbed in something I loved.
Looking back on it now, I can see that some subtle things were happening to my mind and to my life while I was in that state of absorption. Hemingway’s language was quietly braiding
itself into my imagination. I was downloading information about how to create simple and elegant sentences, a good and solid plot. In other words, I was learning how to write. Without realizing it, I was on the trail of my own fate. Writing now absorbs me the way reading once did and
happiness is their generous side effect.
Which word can best replace the underlined phrase “braiding itself into” in the last paragraph
A ．Entering.
B ．Recovering.
C ．Weakening.
D ．Blocking.
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试卷第 20 页，共 27 页
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Instructor: Daphne Mackey from the University of Washington What does the underlined word mean in the passage
A ．Narrow.
B ．Lessen.
C ．Enlarge.
D ．Improve.
23 ．Vast underwater meadows (草甸) of gently waving sea grass cover hundreds of miles up and down the West Coast. These blue-green fields perform a variety of important services.
They protect the shoreline from erosion, clear pollutants from the water and provide habitats for
all kinds of marine animals.
New research suggests sea grass meadows may also mitigate a serious consequence of
greenhouse gas emissions: the steady acidification of ocean waters. The study published in the journal Global Change Biology finds that sea grass forests can raise pH levels in coastal waters. As they perform photosynthesis (光合作用), they remove carbon dioxide from the water,
counteracting the acidifying effect of the gas.
“I think we are all very excited about it,” said lead study author Aurora Ricart, a scientist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Marine Sciences.
Ocean acidification is a side effect of rising carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Some
试卷第 21 页，共 27 页
of this CO2 dissolves out of the air and into the sea, causing a chemical reaction that lowers the water’s pH. Scientists sometimes refer to it as global warming’s “evil twin”—an invisible
companion to climate change.
Ocean acidification can have harmful effects on marine organisms like shellfish and coral
by preventing them from properly forming the hard shells they need to survive. It’s a threat both to natural ecosystems and to shellfish fisheries around the world. The study presents a natural way to address the problem.
Researchers analyzed six years of data from sea grass meadows spanning more than 600
miles off the California coastline. It focused on the common eelgrass, one of the most widespread sea grass species on the West Coast. The authors claim it’s the largest, most comprehensive study of its kind.
According to the study, sea grass ecosystems can raise pH levels by more than 0.1 unit,
equivalent to about a 30% decrease in acidity. The effect isn’t constant. It comes in waves and is influenced by temperature, daylight, ocean currents and other factors that affect water chemistry
and sea grass photosynthesis rates. But the tempering influence on acidification can be lasting,
sometimes persisting for up to three weeks at a time. The study also shows that pH is higher in sea grass ecosystems, compared to nearby areas with no sea grass, about 65% of the time.
The study didn’t investigate the effects of higher pH on marine organisms — that’s a
question for future research. But there’s reason to believe these meadows may have a positive influence on shellfish and other ocean animals.
What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A ．Relieve.
B ．Present.
C ．Cause.
D ．Predict.
24 ．Many people would answer the question of what makes us human by insisting that we are cultural beings. There is no doubt that we are. But one definition of culture is the totality of
traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals, and many animal species have traditions. Can we then say that some animals are cultural beings too
One approach to study culture in animals is the so-called Method of Exclusion (排除), in
试卷第 22 页，共 27 页
which scientists investigate behavioral variations across populations of one species. In a famous
study, scientists learned that chimpanzee (黑猩猩) behaviors were socially passed on as they were present at some sites but not at others, despite having same ecological settings. For example,
chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-known for their nut-cracking skills.
Chimpanzees in Gombe national part in Tanzania, on the other hand, do not crack nuts, although nuts exist in their environment too.
However, when applying the Method of Exclusion, one has to be very careful. There are
other factors that could also explain the pattern of behavioral evaluation. For example, some of the chimpanzee techniques scientists evaluated occur in only one of the three subspecies. So it’s quite possible that these behaviors also have an innate component. This would mean that one
chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition, but because the behavior is fixed to specific genes. Another factor that has to be excluded is of course the environment
Chimpanzees in Mahale do not fish algae (水藻), simply because algae does not exist there.
But when we exclude all the variations that can be explained by genes or environment, we still find that animals do show cultural variations. Does that mean there is no real difference
between them and us after all Not exactly: There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally on what generations before us have learned. This is called “cumulative culture”. We don’t have to keep reinventing the wheel. This is called the
“ratchet (棘轮) effect” . Like a ratchet that can be turned forward but not back, people’s cultural techniques evolve.
It is likely that behaviors we see today in chimpanzee cultures could be invented over and over again by individual animals themselves. In contrast, a child born today would not be able to invent a computer without the knowledge of many past generations.
What does the underlined word “innate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A ．Advanced. B ．Inborn. C ．Adaptive. D ．Intelligent.
25 ．1. One question every coach has beard in their coaching career is this.
“Why isn’t my kid playing ”
The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost” coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of “play-my-kid-or-else” parents at the high-school level.
When the games start to count, the main reason why your kid isn’t playing is simple:
试卷第 23 页，共 27 页
“They’re just not good enough.”
“He/she just isn’t fast enough.”
“He/she just isn’t strong enough.”
Good coaches, however, are not usually that blunt. They are very skillful in not telling what you and I would consider the “truth”. The thing is that many kids know what they’re good at, and what they’re not good at. When it comes to football, for instance, most of the middle-schoolers or freshmen already know the one or two kids who are good enough to play on the varsity team or to catch the eye of a college admissions officer. Their parents do not.
The rest play because they enjoy it, need the discipline, want to belong to a team, have
dreamed ofit since they were five or six, are trying to make their parents happy, need a varsity
sport on their college application, or some combination of the factors above. Some of them don’t possess much athletic skill, but make up for it by practicing, by getting stronger and quicker, and with on-field effort.
Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn “no”. They don’t know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on
when they don’t get their own way.
It’s awful when your kid isn't playing. Been there, done that. No reasonable parent wants to see their child hurt. But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When these kids move on in life, they are going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.
Coaches should try to make sure everyone gets some playing time. But that should never
come at the expense of other kids who are more talented, try harder or spend more time practicing. No child should ever go out for any team thinking they’re going to be guaranteed a spot or playing time, no matter how loudly their parents complain.
In that sense, sports are a true mirror of life. No one is guaranteed “playing” time in life. For the most part, hard work, effort, planning and desire is rewarded. The benefits can be
wonderful. But it’s good to be prepared when it doesn't work out that way.
What does the underlined word “blunt” probably mean
A ．Impatient.
B ．Annoying.
试卷第 24 页，共 27 页
C ．Direct.
D ．Serious.
26 ．We’ve heard for years that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. But, it
actually might be even more important than previously thought, according to a study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which examined the effects of skipping
meals and meal frequency as related to mortality (死亡率) and heart health.
The study, which was published in August of last year, sought to find out if eating
behaviors like meal frequency, meal skipping, and time between meals were associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
The study consisted of 24,011 adults 40 years or older who participated from 1999 to 2014. Researchers looked at various eating behaviors of participants who self-reported their eating habits every 24 hours. Causes of death were tracked via death records through December 31, 2015.
After examining participants throughout the years, researchers found that certain eating
behaviors were in fact linked to higher rates of premature death. Eating only one meal per day was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality while skipping breakfast was
linked to an increased risk ofCVD mortality, and skipping lunch or dinner was linked to an
increased risk of all-cause mortality. Lastly, the study found that having meals too closely together (less than four and half hours apart) was also linked to all-cause premature death.
So, what does this mean for the average person “At the end of the day what matters is that an individual can meet their nutritional needs for optimal (最佳) health,” explains Keri Gans,
author of The Small Change Diet, “and breakfast typically is a good vehicle for nutrients
associated with a decrease in cardiovascular risk, such as fiber and vitamins”. “If by eliminating meals they are missing out on important nutrients their body needs, then long term that can be
harmful to their health,” leads to a “higher risk for certain cancers and heart disease,” she says.
While this study was large and comprehensive in many ways, there are also many
limitations. It was mostly based on a 24-hour, self-reported dietary recall, “which may not always be the best method for dietary assessment,” explains Gans. “The participants may not accurately recall what they ate or honestly report it leading to the potential of misinformation.” Researchers noted that it was impossible to consider the role of sleep in the relationship between food and
mortality, as well as a host of other unmeasured factors.
试卷第 25 页，共 27 页
The bottom line is that while these findings about the relationships between meal skipping and mortality are important, there are a lot more factors that go into premature death.
What does the underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean
A ．Reducing.
B ．Overeating.
C ．Skipping.
D ．Consuming.
27 ．As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her
career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to
take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the
world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she
discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole
experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some
prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
试卷第 26 页，共 27 页
A ．Try challenging things.
B ．Take a degree.
C ．Bring back lost memories.
D ．Stick to a promise.
试卷第 27 页，共 27 页
1 ．B
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了建立深色太阳能电池板，来取代使用煤和天然气等化石燃料发电的发电站，从而减少有害的温室气体排放。
词义猜测题。划线词前文提到“That is setting up fields of dark-colored solar panels, also known as “solar forests", which replace power stations that use fossil fuels such as coal and gas to make
electricity”（这就是建立深色太阳能电池板，也被称为“太阳能森林” ，取代使用煤和天然气等化石燃料发电的发电站）说明采用深色的太阳能电池板，就可以取代煤和天然气等化石燃料，那么使用无污染的太阳能就可以减少化石燃料排放的温室气体。A. Releasing.释放；B. Decreasing.减少；C. Generating.产生；D. Stabilizing.稳定。故选 B。
2 ．D
这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍海獭的恢复历程及其对沿海沼泽生态系统的积极影响，强调了顶级捕食者在维持生态平衡中的重要作用。
词句猜测题。划线词句前文“By naturally feasting on crabs, the otters have helped a significant regrowth of plant life.(通过以螃蟹为食，水獭帮助了植物的再生。)”说明水獭通过以螃蟹为食，可以帮助植物的再生，从而推知划线词句“Their findings were clear: in areas with sea otters,
crab numbers fell markedly. This led to a resurgence in plant growth, which in turn stabilized the soil and lowered the rate of soil washing away.(他们的发现很明确：在有海獭的地区，螃蟹的数量明显下降。这导致了植物生长的 resurgence ，反过来又稳定了土壤，降低了土壤被冲走的速度。)”其中划线词应为“复苏” 的意思，与 D 项同义。故选 D 项。
3 ．B
这是一篇记叙文。作者是一名干细胞递送员。文章介绍了作者的工作内容。
词义猜测题。“a volunteer stem cell courier”是“Peter Hodes” 的同位语。根据文中“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box（我有 42 小时的时间运送装在我的小箱子里干细胞）”可知，Peter Hodes 的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人由此可知，作者是干细胞递送员。故选 B。
4 ．D
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个善良的家庭归还我们重要文件的事情。
词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“That family not only returned the important
documents to us that day(那个家庭不仅在那天还给了我们那些重要的文件)”可知，那个家庭非常善良。他们善意的行为让作者和家人“重拾”对人们的信心和信任。由此可知，那个家庭不
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仅仅还给了作者和家人重要的文件，而且还“ 归还” 了我们对人的信任和信心。故选 D。
5 ．D
这是一篇说明文。对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动物互动的一种方式。它们对人的吸引力完全是偶然发生的。文章主要说明了植物是如何通过香味来保护自己以及繁殖的。词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“to scare off competitors, Arab traders spread a legend about giant eagles that guarded cinnamon”可知，为了吓跑竞争对手，阿拉伯商人传播了一个关于守护肉 桂的巨鹰的传说，可见有些香料非常珍贵，让商人通过传说来吓跑竞争对手。故画线词意思是“宝贵的” 。故选 D。
6 ．C
本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是爱是生活中最大的动力之一，正是这种爱激发了Zack 为瘫痪女友设计了全电动越野轮椅的故事。
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Zack Nelson, her boyfriend, wanted to give her the ability to explore more places conveniently, so he made a special wheelchair for her, (Zack Nelson ，她的男朋友，希望给她提供更方便的探索地方的能力，所以他为她制作了一把特殊的轮椅。)”可知，此处Zack 希望给她提供更方便的探索地方的能力，为了实现这个可能才制作了一把特殊轮椅。
故划线词 it指代的内容是“方便地探索更多地方的能力。”故选 C。
7 ．A
这是一篇议论文。当涉及到给孩子的物品时，我们通常认为越多越好。作者可以帮助自己的孩子比自己更早地学会如何用更少的钱生活。
词义猜测题。根据该段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects(成年人理解被物品淹没的感觉 )”可知，作者认为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉.后面又用反问句提出了问题：但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，我们为什么通常又认定 more is more 呢？由此推知，这里的 more is more 与前面的 be flooded with 为近义呼应，指“越多越好” 。故选 A。
8 ．C
本文是说明文。文章讲述了黄石公园目前灰狼为数不多的情况。
词义猜测题。根据画线词的前文“Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the
Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States”（灰狼曾经在黄石地区和美国大陆的大部分地区到处可见）可知，曾经在黄石地区和美国大陆的大部分地区有很多灰狼。再根据 but可知，画线部分所在句子与前文是转折关系，表明现在灰狼在这些地区不多了。由此
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可推断出画线词“displaced” 的意思为“被迫离开” 。故选 C。
9 ．C
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演
化).(人工智能可能被认为是 ALife 的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念 enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是 ALife 的表亲，说明人工智能和 ALife 二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“ 吸引” 。故选 C。
10 ．A
词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small
number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the
things you value. (这个过程要求你在 30 天内远离可选的在线活动。在 30 天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter” 的意思是“清理” ，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选 A。
11 ．A
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that
emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children
learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the
generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may
have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为 A 项“理解、认识到” 。故选 A。
12 ．C
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 DIY 高手 Terri Bolton 的技能以及 DIY 项目可能会在女性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。
词义猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.(她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作。)”可知，她是一个擅长自己动手做物品的人，
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由此可推知，句子“Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY”应是表达“Terri Boltonis 是一位 DIY 高手”含义，那么，画线短语“a dab hand”是“高手，内行”含义。C 项“A specialist.(一位专业人员。)”在意思上最接近。故选 C 项。
13 ．B
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of
their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through
things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a
dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人 都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to