2026届高考英语专题归纳与训练全国通用版——高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语专题归纳与训练全国通用版——高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句（含解析） |
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高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句
一、定语从句
1. 思维导图
2. 高考模拟专练
限制性定语从句
1．In the context of globalization, cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent, the preservation of local traditions faces unique challenges that were not present in the past. (用适当的词填空)
2 ．The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag the original blue box in the notebooks were kept and a brown envelope.
A ．containing; where B ．to contain; which
C ．containing; which D ．to contain; that
3 ．Look out! Don’t get too close to the house roof is under repair.
A ．that B ．which C ．whose D ．what
试卷第 1 页，共 17 页
4 ．— What do you think of history, Tom
— I find it inspiring and eye-opening. It is a subject you can understand the development of societies and the lessons from the past.
A ．which B ．when C ．where D ．that
5．He regretted the day he wasted in the woods and he should have studied.
A ．when; when B ．that; when C ．when; that D ．that; that
6．Communicative skills can be acquired on various occasions students actively express themselves and exchange ideas with each other.
A ．which B ．that C ．whose D ．when
非限制性定语从句
7 ．The Acropolis in Athens, was built during the 5th century BC...
A ．when B ．that C ．which D ．whose
8 ．The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, ________ the finish line was within sight. (用适当的词填空)
9 ．I walk through the doors into the waiting area, people sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines.
A ．which B ．where C ．that D ．when
试卷第 2 页，共 17 页
10 ．Regulations often meet resistance in the rigid system, bossy employers may be challenged by employees.
A ．which B ．where C ．whose D ．that
11 ．The businesswoman, innovative business model revolutionized e-commerce, announced her retirement yesterday.
A ．whom B ．whose C ．which D ．who
12 ．A tour bus, body huge flowers were painted, appeared in Tianjin during the Begonia Festival.
A ．of which B ．across whose
C ．across which D ．of whose
关系代词引导的定语从句
13 ．A green building is designed in a way is not harmful to the environment.
A ．that B ．when C ．where D ．who
14 ．The landscape beauty is beyond description makes everyone who sees it fall in love with it.
A ．which B ．whose C ．when D ．as
15．Oceans and seas are the bodies of salt water cover 71 percent of the Earth’s surface.
A ．whose B ．that C ．where D ．how
试卷第 3 页，共 17 页
16 ．Reducing overfishing activities can safeguard the future sustainability of small-scale fisheries and the communities livelihood is dependent on them.
A ．where B ．which C ．whose D ．who
17 ． is known to all, honesty is always the good choice.
A ．As B ．It C ．What D ．We
18 ．Elon Musk’s company Neuralink, specializes in brain-computer interfaces, recently implanted its first chip (芯片) in a human volunteer.
A ．who B ．which C ．where D ．whose
关系副词引导的定语从句
19．Over 400 guests attended the seminars at the 16th Chinese Language Day, the theme Poetic China showcased the elegance of Chinese culture through poetry and literature.
A ．which B ．where C ．when D ．that
20 ．By 2050, humans may inhabit cities all transportation is fully automated and environmentally friendly.
A ．that B ．where C ．which D ．when
21 ．—What do you think of literature, Sarah
—I find it fascinating and thought-provoking. It is a field you can explore different cultures and perspectives through stories.
A ．which B ．where C ．when D ．that
试卷第 4 页，共 17 页
22 ．By then we had reached the stage there were more male readers than female readers.
A ．that B ．where C ．which D ．when
23 ．I like playing chess very much because this is a game everyone can learn to obey the rules.
A ．what B ．where C ．which D ．that
24 ．He is very grateful for having a family his parents give him so much love and care.
A ．that B ．which C ．where D ．when
“介词＋关系代词竹引导的定语从句
25 ． is most significant is the way people have worked in harmony with nature to
make these terraces and grow rice.
A ．What; in which B ．That; in which C ．What; which D ．Which; that
26 ．Self-image is a foundation your entire personality, behavior and even circumstances are built.
A ．in which B ．by which C ．with which D ．upon which
27 ．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person she could turn for help.
试卷第 5 页，共 17 页
28 ．—The pen with she is writing is Jeff’s.
—Yeah. Jeff is looking for the pen.
A ．that B ．whom C ．which D ．who
29 ．This morning I picked up a wallet and I traced the person it belonged according to the information on a card in the wallet.
A ．of which B ．to which C ．of whom D ．to whom
30 ．In any case, I was not frightened by the position in I found myself.
A ．what B ．who C ．where D ．which
3. 考试技巧
语法填空解题策略
1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么” 的原则
(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用 who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用 who。
(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用 who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用 whom。
(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用 which/that; 非限制性定语从句用 which。
(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when 或where; 如果缺少主语或宾语, 则用 that 或 which。
(5)在“介词+关系词” 引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用 whom; 如果先行词指物, 则用 which。
4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
试卷第 6 页，共 17 页
1. 引导定语从句的关系词；
2. 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；
3. “介词＋关系代词” 的结构；
4. 关系词之间的异同及选用。
考点 1 定语从句的种类
(1)限制性定语从句
从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。 This is the house which we bought last month.
(2)非限制性定语从句
从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
考点 2 关系代词与关系副词
关 系 代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom,which 和 that 在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用 that
whom 人 宾语 Mr Smith is the
试卷第 7 页，共 17 页
person with whom I am working.Th e boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose 人、物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人、物 主语、宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
试卷第 8 页，共 17 页
which 物 主语、宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人、物 主语、宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 作宾语一般不省略
关 系 副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用 on which 替换
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house 可用 in which 替换
试卷第 9 页，共 17 页
where I was born.
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用 for which 替换
考点 3 关系代词 that 和 which 的特殊用法
1. 限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词 that 的情况：
(1)先行词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few 等不定代词。
I will tell you everything that I know.
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。
What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to
(3)先行词被 the only, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, no, little, much, some 等限定词修饰。
Chatting is the only thing that interests her.
(4)先行词中既有人也有物。
The things and persons that they mentioned are strange to me.
(5)在 which 或 who 的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
Who is the boy that is lying under the tree
2. 先行词指物时，只用关系代词 which 的情况：
(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中。
The house in which we live is very large.
(2)非限制性定语从句中。
He changed his mind, which made me angry.
(3)先行词本身是 that。
What is that which you have put into your schoolbag just now
试卷第 10 页，共 17 页
考点 4 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用 that 引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略 His mother,whom he loved deeply,died ten years ago.
考点 5 关系代词 as 和 which 的区别
1. 位置不同。
as 引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which 引导的定语从句不能位于句首。
As we all know, life is not a bed of roses.
Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know.
2. 意义不同。
as 意为“正如，就像” ，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义， 主要起承上启下的作用；which 意为“这一点” ，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。
As often happened, they won the football game again.
It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out.
3. 当先行词被 such, so, as 等词修饰时，一般用 as 引导定语从句。
Such books as you want are sold out.
二、名词性从句
1. 思维导图
试卷第 11 页，共 17 页
2. 高考模拟专练
31 ．Jia once explained on her Weibo account: “The film is not related to weight loss and even has very little connection with boxing. It tells a kind person finds herself and learns to love herself.” (用适当的词填空)
32 ．Some people say ability is any other personal quality when it comes to success. That’s I disagree about. I think character counts too.
A ．inferior to; where B．junior to; what C ．superior to; what D ．senior to; where
33 ． different species came into being was the question Charles Darwin asked himself when studying the samples ofthe plants and animals.
A ．Where B ．How C ．What D ．Whether
34 ．There is widespread debate the recent increase in extreme weather events is primarily caused by climate change.
A ．whether B ．what C ．that D ．how
35 ．The reason his coming to China is he wants to study in China.
A ．why; that B ．why; because C ．for; that D ．for; because
试卷第 12 页，共 17 页
36 ．Throughout the world advance has been made in science and technology is due to education which brings forth knowledge, creation and inventions.
A ．whoever B ．whatever C ．what D ．that
3. 考试技巧
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略 名词性从句做题两步骤
第 1 步判断是否属于名词性从句;第 2 步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语, 用连接代词; 若缺少状语就用连接副词; 如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完
整, 是否需要用 whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用 that。
4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
5. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法；
6. 易混引导词的辨析；
7. 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的区分。
考点 1 基本用法
连接代词 what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 有词义，在从句中担任主语、表语、宾语、或定语等成分
连接副词 how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever 有词义，在从句中担任状语成分
从属连词 that, whether, if 除 that 外均有词义，在从句中不担任成分，只起连接作用
考点 2 主语从句
1. 引导词
试卷第 13 页，共 17 页
在复合句中充当主句主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的常见引导词有：
(1)从属连词： that, whether, if
(2)连接代词：what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
(3)连接副词：how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever
2. it 作形式主语
在通常情况下，that 引导主语从句时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将 that 从句置于句尾。用it 作形式主语通常有以下四种句型：
(1)It＋be＋形容词＋从句：
It is necessary that... 有必要
It is important that... 重要的是
It is obvious that... 很明显
(2)It＋be＋过去分词＋从句：
It is believed that... 人们相信
It is known to all that... 众所周知
It has been decided that... 已决定
(3)It＋be＋名词(短语)＋从句：
It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that... 令人惊奇的是
It is a fact that... 事实是
(4)It＋不及物动词/动词短语＋从句：
It appears that... 似乎
It happens that... 碰巧
It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想起 It doesn’t matter whether... 没有关系
考点 3 宾语从句
介词+wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句 His father is worried about whether he would lose his work.
试卷第 14 页，共 17 页
besides/beyond/but/except/that (除了) Have you heard anything beyond that he is ill Criticism and self-criticism is necessary but that it helps us correct our mistakes.
find,feel,think,consider,make, believe 等+it+宾语补足语+that 引导的宾语从句 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,se e to 等+it+宾语从句 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
形容词+宾语从句 I’m sure that they can make it.
考点 4 表语从句
1. 引导词
在复合句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句，可接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste, feel, remain, appear 等。表语从句的常见引导词有：
(1)从属连词： that, whether
(2)连接代词： what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
(3)连接副词： how, when, where, why
2. 几种特殊的表语从句
(1) as if/though 引导的表语从句
此类表语从句常出现在 seem, look, sound, taste, feel, appear 等连系动词后，从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。
It sounds as if you are from Canada.
It seemed as if she had heard the news.
(2) because 和why 引导的表语从句此类表语从句常用于以下句型：
this/that is why... 这/那是 的原因
this/that is because... 这/那是因为
注意：主句主语是 reason 时，表语从句一般由 that 引导，而不用 because 或why。
The accident that happened yesterday was because the driver had been drunk.
试卷第 15 页，共 17 页
The reason for yesterday’s accident is that the driver was drunk.
考点 5 同位语从句
引导词 同位语从句一般用 that 引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的 that 不能省略
例句 The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.The question where we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided.
考点 6 连词 whether 和 if 在名词性从句中的使用
1. 用 whether 或 if 均可的情况
(1) whether 可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可。
(2) it 作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall study abroad.
2. 用 whether 而不用 if 的情况
(1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首
Whether we will go camping depends on the weather.
Whether he will succeed, I can’t say.
(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句
The question is whether we can get in touch with him.
He must answer the question whether he will attend the meeting.
(3)引导介词的宾语从句
Everything depends on whether we have free time.
(4)引导词与 or not 连用
He doesn’t know whether or not he is going to stay.
(5)引导词后接 to do
They needed more time to consider whether to hold a meeting.
(6)有些动词如 discuss, decide 等后的宾语从句We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
试卷第 16 页，共 17 页
(7)避免用 if 引导产生歧义
Let me know whether you are coming to our party.
三、试题精练
Passage 1
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入 1 个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal 37 (improve). However, when we
seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world. Social life is also important to us. More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road 38 we are all meant to travel.
Passage 2
语法填空
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 39 (grow) more corn than rice. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 40 (start) a soil-testing program 41 gives specific fertilizer
recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
Passage 3
语法填空
But my connection with pandas goes back 42 my days on a TV show in the
mid-1980s, 43 I was the first Western TV reporter 44 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. ... On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 45 (it) mother.
试卷第 17 页，共 17 页
1 ．where
考查连词。句意： 在文化交流日益频繁的全球化背景下，保护地方传统面临着前所未有的独特挑战。先行词为 the context of globalization，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为 where。故填 where。
2 ．C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意： 警方发现，这两本“被盗”笔记本被放在一个礼品袋里，里面有原来装笔记本的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封。分析句子可知， 该句第一空为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰 a gift bag ，a gift bag 和 contain 为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式；该句第二空，为“介词 + 关系代词” 引导的定语从句，先行词是“the original blue box”，在定语从句作介词 in 的宾语成分，这里介词“in”已经提前，在“介词 + 关系代词” 引导的定语从句中，只能用关系代词“which”引导。故选 C 项。
3 ．C
考查定语从句。句意： 小心！别太靠近那栋正在修缮屋顶的房子。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 house ，the house 与 roof 之间为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词 whose，在从句作定语。故选 C。
4 ．C
考查定语从句。句意： ——汤姆，你觉得历史这门学科怎么样？——我觉得它既鼓舞人心又开阔眼界。历史是一门能让你了解社会发展和吸取历史教训的学科。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词 subject，先行词 subject 为抽象地点名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以使用关系副词 where。故选 C 项。
5 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：他后悔在树林里浪费了一天，后悔本该学习的那一天。分析句子可知，分析第一个空：“he wasted in the woods” 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the day”。在这个定语从句中，“wasted”是及物动词，缺少宾语，而关系代词“that”可以在定语从句中作宾语，指代先行词“the day” ，即“he wasted the day in the woods” 。关系副词“when”在定语从 句中作时间状语，这里从句不缺少时间状语，所以不能用“when” ，因此第一个空应填“that”。分析第二个空：“he should have studied”也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the day”。在这个从句中，“studied”是不及物动词，从句不缺少宾语，但缺少时间状语，表示“在那天他本应该 学习” ，关系副词“when”可以在定语从句中作时间状语，所以第二个空应填“when” 。故选 B 项。
答案第 1 页，共 8 页
6 ．D
考查定语从句。句意：学生可以在各种场合中积极地表达自己，相互交流思想，从而获得交际能力。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词 occasions指的是时间，因此用关系副词 when 引导定语从句，故选 D。
7 ．C
考查定语从句。句意：建于公元前 5 世纪的雅典卫城是古希腊文明的标志性象征。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句修饰 The Acropolis，先行词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词 which 。故选 C。
8 ．where
考查定语从句。句意：这位马拉松运动员保持着稳定的速度，保存着自己的能量，直到跑到比赛的最后一英里，终点线就在眼前，他才做出最后的冲刺。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the last mile of the race ，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为 where 。故填 where。
9 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：我穿过门进入等候区，在那里人们不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上，翻看旧杂志。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 the waiting area ，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词 where 引导。故选 B。
10 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：规章制度在僵化的体系中往往会遇到阻力，在这样的体系里，专横的雇主可能会受到员工的挑战。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“the rigid
system” ，且在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导该从句。故选 B。
11 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：这位女商人昨天宣布退休，她的创新商业模式彻底改变了电子商务。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 businesswoman ，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词 whose 引导，故选 B。
12 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：一辆车身画着巨大花朵的旅游巴士在海棠节期间出现在天津。空处引导定语从句。先行词为 A tour bus ，关系词在从句中作定语修饰 body ，表示 “ 巴士的车身” ，作定语应用关系代词 whose 引导该从句。根据语境“花朵画在车身表面”可知，关系代词前面需要加介词 across ，表示 “横跨、在(身体某部位)上” ，符合语境。故选 B。
答案第 2 页，共 8 页
13 ．A
考查定语从句。句意： 绿色建筑是以一种对环境无害的方式设计的。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 way“方式”，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，需要使用关系代词 that 或 which 引导，结合选项可知，A 选项正确。故选 A。
14 ．B
考查关系代词辨析。句意：那片美得无法形容的风景让每个看到它的人都为之倾心。
A. which 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物；B. whose 在定语从句中作定语，表所属关系，可指人或物； C. when 在定语从句中作时间状语，指代时间；D. as 引导定语从句时，常与 “such”“the same”等连用，或用于非限制性定语从句中。本题中“landscape”与“beauty”是所属关系，即“风景的美丽”，用 whose 符合要求。故选 B。
15 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：海洋是覆盖地球表面 71%的咸水体。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词 bodies of salt water 是物，因此空格处用 that/which 引导定语从句，故选 B。
16 ．C
考查定语从句。句意： 减少过度捕捞活动可以保障小型渔业的未来可持续性，以及保障那些其生计依赖于渔业的社区的未来。空处引导定语从句，先行词 the communities ，指物，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词 whose 引导。故选 C。
17 ．A
考查定语从句关系词。句意： 众所周知，诚实总是一个好的选择。A. As 正如；B. It它；C. What 什么；D. We 我们。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，且位于句首，表示“正如”用关系代词 as，as is known to all“众所周知”。故选 A项。
18 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：埃隆 马斯克的公司 Neuralink，专注于脑机接口，最近将其第一个芯片植入了一名人类志愿者体内。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Elon
Musk’s company Neuralink，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which 引导。故选 B 项。
19 ．B
答案第 3 页，共 8 页
考查定语从句。句意： 在第 16 届中文日活动上，400 多位嘉宾参加了研讨会，“诗意中国”这一主题通过诗歌和文学展示了中国文化的优雅。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词“the 16th Chinese Language Day”，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导。故选 B 项。
20 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：到 2050 年，人类可能居住在所有交通工具都完全自动化和环保的城市。空处引导定语从句，先行词是 cities，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导。故选 B。
21 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：——萨拉，你对文学有什么看法？——我觉得它引人入胜，发人深省。这是一个你可以通过故事探索不同文化和观点的领域。A. which 哪个， 的那个；B. where 哪里，在 里；C. when 何时， 的时候；D. that 那个，用于某些动词、
形容词和名词后，引出各种从句。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是 field，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导。故选 B 项。
22 ．B
考查定语从句。句意： 到那时，我们已经到了男性读者多于女性读者的阶段。空处引导定语从句，先行词是 stage，在从句中作地点状语，用 where 引导。故选 B 项。
23 ．B
考查定语从句。句意： 我非常喜欢下棋，因为这是一个人人都能学会遵守规则的游戏。本空引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词是 game，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导。故选 B。
24 ．C
考查定语从句。句意： 他很感激拥有一个家庭，在这里他的父母给他这么多的爱和关心。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a family，结合语意可知，此处 a family 表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以使用关系副词 where 引导从句。故选 C。
25 ．A
考查主语从句和定语从句。句意： 最重要的是，人们与自然和谐相处，创造了这些梯田，种植了水稻。第一空引导的是主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代“最重要的内容”为物，用 what；第二空引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词 the way，引导词可以使用 that/in which/省略。故选 A。
答案第 4 页，共 8 页
26 ．D
考查定语从句。句意： 自我形象是一个基础，上面建立了你全部的个性、行为甚至环境。build...upon the foundation“构建 在基础上”。“ your entire personality, behavior and even circumstances are built”为定语从句，先行词为 a foundation，指物，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用“介词 upon+关系代词 which”引导。故选 D。
27 ． to whom
考查定语从句。句意： 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个人能为她提供帮助。turn to sb. for help 向某人求助。先行词为 person，关系词做介词 to 的宾语，故填 to whom。
28 ．C
考查定语从句。句意： ——她正在用的那支笔是杰夫的。——是的。杰夫正在找那支笔。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词 pen 是物，作 with 的宾语。因此空格处是 which，故选 C。
29 ．D
考查定语从句。句意： 今天早上我捡到一个钱包，根据钱包里卡片上的信息，我找到了钱包的主人。分析句子结构可知， 此处为“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句，先行词the person 指人，所以关系代词使用 whom，根据固定短语 belong to 意为“属于”可知，此处介词 to 提前，所以此处为“to whom”引导的定语从句。故选 D 项。
30 ．D
考查定语从句。句意：无论如何，我对自己的处境并不感到害怕。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词 position 指的是“处境” ，因此空格处用关系代词 which 引导定语从句。故选 D。
31 ．how
考查宾语从句。句意：贾玲曾在微博上解释说：“这部电影与减肥无关，甚至与拳击也没有什么关系。它讲述了一个善良的人如何发现自己，学会爱自己。”分析句子可知，设空格处引导宾语从句，作动词“tells”的宾语。从句中主谓宾结构完整， 结合句意“它讲述了一个善良的人如何找到自我并学会爱自己”，可知此处需表达“如何”，应用连接词副词
“how”。故填 how。
32 ．C
考查形容词短语辨析及表语从句。句意： 有些人说，当谈到成功时，能力比任何其他个人品质都重要。这是我不同意的地方。我认为性格也很重要。inferior to 比 差；junior
答案第 5 页，共 8 页
to 比 年轻；地位比 低；superior to 比 优越；比 更重要；senior to 比 年长；地位比 高。“superior to”表示“ 比 优越；优于” ，符合语境，即有人认为能力比其他品质重要；“what”引导表语从句，在从句中作 about 的宾语，故选 C。
33 ．B
考查主语从句。句意： 不同物种是如何形成的，是 Charles Darwin 在研究动植物样本时问自己的问题。根据空后 came 和 was 可知，空处引导主语从句，在从句中作方式状语，应用引导 how。故选 B。
34 ．A
考查同位语从句。句意： 关于最近的极端天气事件增加是否主要是由气候变化引起的，人们展开了广泛的争论。空格处引导同位语从句， 从句中不缺主语或宾语，句子表示“关于最近的极端天气事件增加是否主要是由气候变化引起的，人们展开了广泛的争论”，空格处意为“是否”，用 whether 引导同位语从句，故选 A。
35 ．C
考查固定搭配和表语从句。句意： 他来中国的原因是他想在中国学习。the reason for sth.为固定搭配，表示“ 的原因” ，故第一空用介词 for；第二空引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分或含义，用 that 引导。故选 C。
36 ．B
考查状语从句。句意：全世界科学技术的任何进步都归功于教育，它带来了知识、创造和发明。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，在主语从句中，advance（进步）是名 词，设空处需要一个既能引导主语从句，又能在从句中作定语修饰 advance 的词。
“whatever” 在这里引导主语从句，相当于“any advance that”，表示“无论什么样的”，在句中作定语修饰“advance”，强调不管是在科技方面取得的何种进步都归功于教育。故选 B 项。
37 ．improvement 38 ．that##which
【导语】这是一篇议论文。探讨了人生中独处反思与社交生活的重要性。
37．考查名词。句意： 当我们走在“人生之路”上时，有时可能希望独自思考，因为安静的反思期可以带来个人进步。 根据“can lead to”可知，此空应是名词 improvement 作宾语。此处表示抽象意义的“进步”，是不可数名词。故填 improvement。
38．考查定语从句。句意： 通常情况下，亲密的友谊会帮助我们抚平崎岖不平的道路。分析句子结构可知，此空引用定语从句。先行词 road 指物，在定语从句中作 travel 的宾语，应用关系代词 that 或 which 引导(注意：当 road 被用作比喻，表示“人生之路、旅程、历程” 时，
答案第 6 页，共 8 页
它常常被当作一个整体概念，而不是一条具体的、有物理表面的道路。这时，travel 作为及物动词，直接后面接 the road 作宾语)。故填 that/ which。
39 ．has grown 40 ．started 41 ．that##which
【导语】本文的体裁是一篇说明文，随着中国饮食结构的改变，主要农作物由水稻转向玉米，同时政府通过土壤测试项目等措施促进了农业生产的可持续发展，减少了化肥的使用量，从而对环境产生了积极影响。
39．考查时态。句意：自 2011 年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。根据时间状语“Since 2011(自2011 年以来)”可知本句谓语动词使用现在完成时，主语“the country”是单数，故填 has
grown。
40 ．考查时态。句意：中国农业部发现，在 2005 年（当时政府启动了一项土壤测试计划）到 2011 年期间，化肥使用量减少了 770 万吨。根据时间状语“between 2005 and 2011”可知本句说的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填 started。
41 ．考查定语从句。句意： 同上。这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是“a soil-testing program”，空白处在从句中作主语，指物，使用关系代词 that 或 which 引导定语从句。故填that/which。
42 ．to 43 ．when 44 ．permitted 45 ．its
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者与熊猫的联系可以追溯到上世纪 80 年代中期的一个电视节目，当时作者是第一个获准拍摄一个特殊单位照顾野外饥饿的熊猫的西方电视台记者。其大使职责将包括向英国游客介绍在成都的 120 多只大熊猫，以及在碧峰峡迷雾山脉进行研究的其他大熊猫。
1.考查介词。句意： 但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到我在 20 世纪 80 年代中期的一个电视节目中的日子，那时我是第一个西方电视台记者被允许去拍摄一个特殊的单元照顾在野外从饥饿中获救的大熊猫。根据句意“追溯到”用 go back to 表示。故填 to。
2.考查定语从句。句意： 但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到我在 20 世纪 80 年代中期的一个电视节目中的日子，那时我是第一个西方电视台记者被允许去拍摄一个特殊的单元照顾在野外从饥饿中获救的大熊猫。本空引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 the mid-1980s，先行词是时间，从句缺少状语。故填 when。
3.考查非谓语。句意： 但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到我在 20 世纪 80 年代中期的一个电视节目中的日子，那时我是第一个西方电视台记者被允许去拍摄一个特殊的单元照顾在野外从饥饿中获救的大熊猫。本空所在的句子谓语是 was,所给词作后置定语修饰前面的名词 reporter,
答案第 7 页，共 8 页
被修饰名词和 permit 之间是被动关系，用动词的过去分词作定语表被动。故填 permitted。
4.考查代词。句意： 在我最近的一次访问中，我抱着一对活泼的三个月大的双胞胎，但被它的母亲拒绝了。空格所在的词表示“它的”，指代前面的 twin，用 its。
答案第 8 页，共 8 页
一、定语从句
1. 思维导图
2. 高考模拟专练
限制性定语从句
1．In the context of globalization, cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent, the preservation of local traditions faces unique challenges that were not present in the past. (用适当的词填空)
2 ．The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag the original blue box in the notebooks were kept and a brown envelope.
A ．containing; where B ．to contain; which
C ．containing; which D ．to contain; that
3 ．Look out! Don’t get too close to the house roof is under repair.
A ．that B ．which C ．whose D ．what
试卷第 1 页，共 17 页
4 ．— What do you think of history, Tom
— I find it inspiring and eye-opening. It is a subject you can understand the development of societies and the lessons from the past.
A ．which B ．when C ．where D ．that
5．He regretted the day he wasted in the woods and he should have studied.
A ．when; when B ．that; when C ．when; that D ．that; that
6．Communicative skills can be acquired on various occasions students actively express themselves and exchange ideas with each other.
A ．which B ．that C ．whose D ．when
非限制性定语从句
7 ．The Acropolis in Athens, was built during the 5th century BC...
A ．when B ．that C ．which D ．whose
8 ．The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, ________ the finish line was within sight. (用适当的词填空)
9 ．I walk through the doors into the waiting area, people sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines.
A ．which B ．where C ．that D ．when
试卷第 2 页，共 17 页
10 ．Regulations often meet resistance in the rigid system, bossy employers may be challenged by employees.
A ．which B ．where C ．whose D ．that
11 ．The businesswoman, innovative business model revolutionized e-commerce, announced her retirement yesterday.
A ．whom B ．whose C ．which D ．who
12 ．A tour bus, body huge flowers were painted, appeared in Tianjin during the Begonia Festival.
A ．of which B ．across whose
C ．across which D ．of whose
关系代词引导的定语从句
13 ．A green building is designed in a way is not harmful to the environment.
A ．that B ．when C ．where D ．who
14 ．The landscape beauty is beyond description makes everyone who sees it fall in love with it.
A ．which B ．whose C ．when D ．as
15．Oceans and seas are the bodies of salt water cover 71 percent of the Earth’s surface.
A ．whose B ．that C ．where D ．how
试卷第 3 页，共 17 页
16 ．Reducing overfishing activities can safeguard the future sustainability of small-scale fisheries and the communities livelihood is dependent on them.
A ．where B ．which C ．whose D ．who
17 ． is known to all, honesty is always the good choice.
A ．As B ．It C ．What D ．We
18 ．Elon Musk’s company Neuralink, specializes in brain-computer interfaces, recently implanted its first chip (芯片) in a human volunteer.
A ．who B ．which C ．where D ．whose
关系副词引导的定语从句
19．Over 400 guests attended the seminars at the 16th Chinese Language Day, the theme Poetic China showcased the elegance of Chinese culture through poetry and literature.
A ．which B ．where C ．when D ．that
20 ．By 2050, humans may inhabit cities all transportation is fully automated and environmentally friendly.
A ．that B ．where C ．which D ．when
21 ．—What do you think of literature, Sarah
—I find it fascinating and thought-provoking. It is a field you can explore different cultures and perspectives through stories.
A ．which B ．where C ．when D ．that
试卷第 4 页，共 17 页
22 ．By then we had reached the stage there were more male readers than female readers.
A ．that B ．where C ．which D ．when
23 ．I like playing chess very much because this is a game everyone can learn to obey the rules.
A ．what B ．where C ．which D ．that
24 ．He is very grateful for having a family his parents give him so much love and care.
A ．that B ．which C ．where D ．when
“介词＋关系代词竹引导的定语从句
25 ． is most significant is the way people have worked in harmony with nature to
make these terraces and grow rice.
A ．What; in which B ．That; in which C ．What; which D ．Which; that
26 ．Self-image is a foundation your entire personality, behavior and even circumstances are built.
A ．in which B ．by which C ．with which D ．upon which
27 ．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person she could turn for help.
试卷第 5 页，共 17 页
28 ．—The pen with she is writing is Jeff’s.
—Yeah. Jeff is looking for the pen.
A ．that B ．whom C ．which D ．who
29 ．This morning I picked up a wallet and I traced the person it belonged according to the information on a card in the wallet.
A ．of which B ．to which C ．of whom D ．to whom
30 ．In any case, I was not frightened by the position in I found myself.
A ．what B ．who C ．where D ．which
3. 考试技巧
语法填空解题策略
1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么” 的原则
(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用 who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用 who。
(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用 who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用 whom。
(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用 which/that; 非限制性定语从句用 which。
(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when 或where; 如果缺少主语或宾语, 则用 that 或 which。
(5)在“介词+关系词” 引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用 whom; 如果先行词指物, 则用 which。
4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
试卷第 6 页，共 17 页
1. 引导定语从句的关系词；
2. 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；
3. “介词＋关系代词” 的结构；
4. 关系词之间的异同及选用。
考点 1 定语从句的种类
(1)限制性定语从句
从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。 This is the house which we bought last month.
(2)非限制性定语从句
从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
考点 2 关系代词与关系副词
关 系 代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom,which 和 that 在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用 that
whom 人 宾语 Mr Smith is the
试卷第 7 页，共 17 页
person with whom I am working.Th e boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose 人、物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人、物 主语、宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
试卷第 8 页，共 17 页
which 物 主语、宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人、物 主语、宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 作宾语一般不省略
关 系 副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用 on which 替换
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house 可用 in which 替换
试卷第 9 页，共 17 页
where I was born.
why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用 for which 替换
考点 3 关系代词 that 和 which 的特殊用法
1. 限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词 that 的情况：
(1)先行词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few 等不定代词。
I will tell you everything that I know.
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。
What is the first foreign city that you have ever been to
(3)先行词被 the only, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, no, little, much, some 等限定词修饰。
Chatting is the only thing that interests her.
(4)先行词中既有人也有物。
The things and persons that they mentioned are strange to me.
(5)在 which 或 who 的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
Who is the boy that is lying under the tree
2. 先行词指物时，只用关系代词 which 的情况：
(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中。
The house in which we live is very large.
(2)非限制性定语从句中。
He changed his mind, which made me angry.
(3)先行词本身是 that。
What is that which you have put into your schoolbag just now
试卷第 10 页，共 17 页
考点 4 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开 The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用 that 引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略 His mother,whom he loved deeply,died ten years ago.
考点 5 关系代词 as 和 which 的区别
1. 位置不同。
as 引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which 引导的定语从句不能位于句首。
As we all know, life is not a bed of roses.
Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know.
2. 意义不同。
as 意为“正如，就像” ，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义， 主要起承上启下的作用；which 意为“这一点” ，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。
As often happened, they won the football game again.
It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out.
3. 当先行词被 such, so, as 等词修饰时，一般用 as 引导定语从句。
Such books as you want are sold out.
二、名词性从句
1. 思维导图
试卷第 11 页，共 17 页
2. 高考模拟专练
31 ．Jia once explained on her Weibo account: “The film is not related to weight loss and even has very little connection with boxing. It tells a kind person finds herself and learns to love herself.” (用适当的词填空)
32 ．Some people say ability is any other personal quality when it comes to success. That’s I disagree about. I think character counts too.
A ．inferior to; where B．junior to; what C ．superior to; what D ．senior to; where
33 ． different species came into being was the question Charles Darwin asked himself when studying the samples ofthe plants and animals.
A ．Where B ．How C ．What D ．Whether
34 ．There is widespread debate the recent increase in extreme weather events is primarily caused by climate change.
A ．whether B ．what C ．that D ．how
35 ．The reason his coming to China is he wants to study in China.
A ．why; that B ．why; because C ．for; that D ．for; because
试卷第 12 页，共 17 页
36 ．Throughout the world advance has been made in science and technology is due to education which brings forth knowledge, creation and inventions.
A ．whoever B ．whatever C ．what D ．that
3. 考试技巧
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略 名词性从句做题两步骤
第 1 步判断是否属于名词性从句;第 2 步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语, 用连接代词; 若缺少状语就用连接副词; 如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完
整, 是否需要用 whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用 that。
4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
5. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法；
6. 易混引导词的辨析；
7. 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的区分。
考点 1 基本用法
连接代词 what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 有词义，在从句中担任主语、表语、宾语、或定语等成分
连接副词 how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever 有词义，在从句中担任状语成分
从属连词 that, whether, if 除 that 外均有词义，在从句中不担任成分，只起连接作用
考点 2 主语从句
1. 引导词
试卷第 13 页，共 17 页
在复合句中充当主句主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的常见引导词有：
(1)从属连词： that, whether, if
(2)连接代词：what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
(3)连接副词：how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever
2. it 作形式主语
在通常情况下，that 引导主语从句时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将 that 从句置于句尾。用it 作形式主语通常有以下四种句型：
(1)It＋be＋形容词＋从句：
It is necessary that... 有必要
It is important that... 重要的是
It is obvious that... 很明显
(2)It＋be＋过去分词＋从句：
It is believed that... 人们相信
It is known to all that... 众所周知
It has been decided that... 已决定
(3)It＋be＋名词(短语)＋从句：
It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that... 令人惊奇的是
It is a fact that... 事实是
(4)It＋不及物动词/动词短语＋从句：
It appears that... 似乎
It happens that... 碰巧
It occurs to sb. that... 某人突然想起 It doesn’t matter whether... 没有关系
考点 3 宾语从句
介词+wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句 His father is worried about whether he would lose his work.
试卷第 14 页，共 17 页
besides/beyond/but/except/that (除了) Have you heard anything beyond that he is ill Criticism and self-criticism is necessary but that it helps us correct our mistakes.
find,feel,think,consider,make, believe 等+it+宾语补足语+that 引导的宾语从句 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,se e to 等+it+宾语从句 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
形容词+宾语从句 I’m sure that they can make it.
考点 4 表语从句
1. 引导词
在复合句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句，可接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, look, sound, taste, feel, remain, appear 等。表语从句的常见引导词有：
(1)从属连词： that, whether
(2)连接代词： what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
(3)连接副词： how, when, where, why
2. 几种特殊的表语从句
(1) as if/though 引导的表语从句
此类表语从句常出现在 seem, look, sound, taste, feel, appear 等连系动词后，从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。
It sounds as if you are from Canada.
It seemed as if she had heard the news.
(2) because 和why 引导的表语从句此类表语从句常用于以下句型：
this/that is why... 这/那是 的原因
this/that is because... 这/那是因为
注意：主句主语是 reason 时，表语从句一般由 that 引导，而不用 because 或why。
The accident that happened yesterday was because the driver had been drunk.
试卷第 15 页，共 17 页
The reason for yesterday’s accident is that the driver was drunk.
考点 5 同位语从句
引导词 同位语从句一般用 that 引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的 that 不能省略
例句 The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.The question where we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided.
考点 6 连词 whether 和 if 在名词性从句中的使用
1. 用 whether 或 if 均可的情况
(1) whether 可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可。
(2) it 作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall study abroad.
2. 用 whether 而不用 if 的情况
(1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首
Whether we will go camping depends on the weather.
Whether he will succeed, I can’t say.
(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句
The question is whether we can get in touch with him.
He must answer the question whether he will attend the meeting.
(3)引导介词的宾语从句
Everything depends on whether we have free time.
(4)引导词与 or not 连用
He doesn’t know whether or not he is going to stay.
(5)引导词后接 to do
They needed more time to consider whether to hold a meeting.
(6)有些动词如 discuss, decide 等后的宾语从句We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
试卷第 16 页，共 17 页
(7)避免用 if 引导产生歧义
Let me know whether you are coming to our party.
三、试题精练
Passage 1
阅读下列短文，在空白处填入 1 个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal 37 (improve). However, when we
seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world. Social life is also important to us. More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road 38 we are all meant to travel.
Passage 2
语法填空
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 39 (grow) more corn than rice. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 40 (start) a soil-testing program 41 gives specific fertilizer
recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
Passage 3
语法填空
But my connection with pandas goes back 42 my days on a TV show in the
mid-1980s, 43 I was the first Western TV reporter 44 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. ... On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 45 (it) mother.
试卷第 17 页，共 17 页
1 ．where
考查连词。句意： 在文化交流日益频繁的全球化背景下，保护地方传统面临着前所未有的独特挑战。先行词为 the context of globalization，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为 where。故填 where。
2 ．C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意： 警方发现，这两本“被盗”笔记本被放在一个礼品袋里，里面有原来装笔记本的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封。分析句子可知， 该句第一空为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰 a gift bag ，a gift bag 和 contain 为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式；该句第二空，为“介词 + 关系代词” 引导的定语从句，先行词是“the original blue box”，在定语从句作介词 in 的宾语成分，这里介词“in”已经提前，在“介词 + 关系代词” 引导的定语从句中，只能用关系代词“which”引导。故选 C 项。
3 ．C
考查定语从句。句意： 小心！别太靠近那栋正在修缮屋顶的房子。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 house ，the house 与 roof 之间为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词 whose，在从句作定语。故选 C。
4 ．C
考查定语从句。句意： ——汤姆，你觉得历史这门学科怎么样？——我觉得它既鼓舞人心又开阔眼界。历史是一门能让你了解社会发展和吸取历史教训的学科。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词 subject，先行词 subject 为抽象地点名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以使用关系副词 where。故选 C 项。
5 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：他后悔在树林里浪费了一天，后悔本该学习的那一天。分析句子可知，分析第一个空：“he wasted in the woods” 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the day”。在这个定语从句中，“wasted”是及物动词，缺少宾语，而关系代词“that”可以在定语从句中作宾语，指代先行词“the day” ，即“he wasted the day in the woods” 。关系副词“when”在定语从 句中作时间状语，这里从句不缺少时间状语，所以不能用“when” ，因此第一个空应填“that”。分析第二个空：“he should have studied”也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the day”。在这个从句中，“studied”是不及物动词，从句不缺少宾语，但缺少时间状语，表示“在那天他本应该 学习” ，关系副词“when”可以在定语从句中作时间状语，所以第二个空应填“when” 。故选 B 项。
答案第 1 页，共 8 页
6 ．D
考查定语从句。句意：学生可以在各种场合中积极地表达自己，相互交流思想，从而获得交际能力。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词 occasions指的是时间，因此用关系副词 when 引导定语从句，故选 D。
7 ．C
考查定语从句。句意：建于公元前 5 世纪的雅典卫城是古希腊文明的标志性象征。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句修饰 The Acropolis，先行词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词 which 。故选 C。
8 ．where
考查定语从句。句意：这位马拉松运动员保持着稳定的速度，保存着自己的能量，直到跑到比赛的最后一英里，终点线就在眼前，他才做出最后的冲刺。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the last mile of the race ，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为 where 。故填 where。
9 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：我穿过门进入等候区，在那里人们不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上，翻看旧杂志。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 the waiting area ，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词 where 引导。故选 B。
10 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：规章制度在僵化的体系中往往会遇到阻力，在这样的体系里，专横的雇主可能会受到员工的挑战。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“the rigid
system” ，且在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导该从句。故选 B。
11 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：这位女商人昨天宣布退休，她的创新商业模式彻底改变了电子商务。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 businesswoman ，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词 whose 引导，故选 B。
12 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：一辆车身画着巨大花朵的旅游巴士在海棠节期间出现在天津。空处引导定语从句。先行词为 A tour bus ，关系词在从句中作定语修饰 body ，表示 “ 巴士的车身” ，作定语应用关系代词 whose 引导该从句。根据语境“花朵画在车身表面”可知，关系代词前面需要加介词 across ，表示 “横跨、在(身体某部位)上” ，符合语境。故选 B。
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13 ．A
考查定语从句。句意： 绿色建筑是以一种对环境无害的方式设计的。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 way“方式”，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，需要使用关系代词 that 或 which 引导，结合选项可知，A 选项正确。故选 A。
14 ．B
考查关系代词辨析。句意：那片美得无法形容的风景让每个看到它的人都为之倾心。
A. which 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物；B. whose 在定语从句中作定语，表所属关系，可指人或物； C. when 在定语从句中作时间状语，指代时间；D. as 引导定语从句时，常与 “such”“the same”等连用，或用于非限制性定语从句中。本题中“landscape”与“beauty”是所属关系，即“风景的美丽”，用 whose 符合要求。故选 B。
15 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：海洋是覆盖地球表面 71%的咸水体。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词 bodies of salt water 是物，因此空格处用 that/which 引导定语从句，故选 B。
16 ．C
考查定语从句。句意： 减少过度捕捞活动可以保障小型渔业的未来可持续性，以及保障那些其生计依赖于渔业的社区的未来。空处引导定语从句，先行词 the communities ，指物，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词 whose 引导。故选 C。
17 ．A
考查定语从句关系词。句意： 众所周知，诚实总是一个好的选择。A. As 正如；B. It它；C. What 什么；D. We 我们。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，且位于句首，表示“正如”用关系代词 as，as is known to all“众所周知”。故选 A项。
18 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：埃隆 马斯克的公司 Neuralink，专注于脑机接口，最近将其第一个芯片植入了一名人类志愿者体内。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Elon
Musk’s company Neuralink，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which 引导。故选 B 项。
19 ．B
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考查定语从句。句意： 在第 16 届中文日活动上，400 多位嘉宾参加了研讨会，“诗意中国”这一主题通过诗歌和文学展示了中国文化的优雅。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词“the 16th Chinese Language Day”，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导。故选 B 项。
20 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：到 2050 年，人类可能居住在所有交通工具都完全自动化和环保的城市。空处引导定语从句，先行词是 cities，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导。故选 B。
21 ．B
考查定语从句。句意：——萨拉，你对文学有什么看法？——我觉得它引人入胜，发人深省。这是一个你可以通过故事探索不同文化和观点的领域。A. which 哪个， 的那个；B. where 哪里，在 里；C. when 何时， 的时候；D. that 那个，用于某些动词、
形容词和名词后，引出各种从句。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是 field，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导。故选 B 项。
22 ．B
考查定语从句。句意： 到那时，我们已经到了男性读者多于女性读者的阶段。空处引导定语从句，先行词是 stage，在从句中作地点状语，用 where 引导。故选 B 项。
23 ．B
考查定语从句。句意： 我非常喜欢下棋，因为这是一个人人都能学会遵守规则的游戏。本空引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词是 game，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导。故选 B。
24 ．C
考查定语从句。句意： 他很感激拥有一个家庭，在这里他的父母给他这么多的爱和关心。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a family，结合语意可知，此处 a family 表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以使用关系副词 where 引导从句。故选 C。
25 ．A
考查主语从句和定语从句。句意： 最重要的是，人们与自然和谐相处，创造了这些梯田，种植了水稻。第一空引导的是主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代“最重要的内容”为物，用 what；第二空引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词 the way，引导词可以使用 that/in which/省略。故选 A。
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26 ．D
考查定语从句。句意： 自我形象是一个基础，上面建立了你全部的个性、行为甚至环境。build...upon the foundation“构建 在基础上”。“ your entire personality, behavior and even circumstances are built”为定语从句，先行词为 a foundation，指物，在从句中作地点状语，所以应用“介词 upon+关系代词 which”引导。故选 D。
27 ． to whom
考查定语从句。句意： 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个人能为她提供帮助。turn to sb. for help 向某人求助。先行词为 person，关系词做介词 to 的宾语，故填 to whom。
28 ．C
考查定语从句。句意： ——她正在用的那支笔是杰夫的。——是的。杰夫正在找那支笔。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词 pen 是物，作 with 的宾语。因此空格处是 which，故选 C。
29 ．D
考查定语从句。句意： 今天早上我捡到一个钱包，根据钱包里卡片上的信息，我找到了钱包的主人。分析句子结构可知， 此处为“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句，先行词the person 指人，所以关系代词使用 whom，根据固定短语 belong to 意为“属于”可知，此处介词 to 提前，所以此处为“to whom”引导的定语从句。故选 D 项。
30 ．D
考查定语从句。句意：无论如何，我对自己的处境并不感到害怕。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词 position 指的是“处境” ，因此空格处用关系代词 which 引导定语从句。故选 D。
31 ．how
考查宾语从句。句意：贾玲曾在微博上解释说：“这部电影与减肥无关，甚至与拳击也没有什么关系。它讲述了一个善良的人如何发现自己，学会爱自己。”分析句子可知，设空格处引导宾语从句，作动词“tells”的宾语。从句中主谓宾结构完整， 结合句意“它讲述了一个善良的人如何找到自我并学会爱自己”，可知此处需表达“如何”，应用连接词副词
“how”。故填 how。
32 ．C
考查形容词短语辨析及表语从句。句意： 有些人说，当谈到成功时，能力比任何其他个人品质都重要。这是我不同意的地方。我认为性格也很重要。inferior to 比 差；junior
答案第 5 页，共 8 页
to 比 年轻；地位比 低；superior to 比 优越；比 更重要；senior to 比 年长；地位比 高。“superior to”表示“ 比 优越；优于” ，符合语境，即有人认为能力比其他品质重要；“what”引导表语从句，在从句中作 about 的宾语，故选 C。
33 ．B
考查主语从句。句意： 不同物种是如何形成的，是 Charles Darwin 在研究动植物样本时问自己的问题。根据空后 came 和 was 可知，空处引导主语从句，在从句中作方式状语，应用引导 how。故选 B。
34 ．A
考查同位语从句。句意： 关于最近的极端天气事件增加是否主要是由气候变化引起的，人们展开了广泛的争论。空格处引导同位语从句， 从句中不缺主语或宾语，句子表示“关于最近的极端天气事件增加是否主要是由气候变化引起的，人们展开了广泛的争论”，空格处意为“是否”，用 whether 引导同位语从句，故选 A。
35 ．C
考查固定搭配和表语从句。句意： 他来中国的原因是他想在中国学习。the reason for sth.为固定搭配，表示“ 的原因” ，故第一空用介词 for；第二空引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分或含义，用 that 引导。故选 C。
36 ．B
考查状语从句。句意：全世界科学技术的任何进步都归功于教育，它带来了知识、创造和发明。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，在主语从句中，advance（进步）是名 词，设空处需要一个既能引导主语从句，又能在从句中作定语修饰 advance 的词。
“whatever” 在这里引导主语从句，相当于“any advance that”，表示“无论什么样的”，在句中作定语修饰“advance”，强调不管是在科技方面取得的何种进步都归功于教育。故选 B 项。
37 ．improvement 38 ．that##which
【导语】这是一篇议论文。探讨了人生中独处反思与社交生活的重要性。
37．考查名词。句意： 当我们走在“人生之路”上时，有时可能希望独自思考，因为安静的反思期可以带来个人进步。 根据“can lead to”可知，此空应是名词 improvement 作宾语。此处表示抽象意义的“进步”，是不可数名词。故填 improvement。
38．考查定语从句。句意： 通常情况下，亲密的友谊会帮助我们抚平崎岖不平的道路。分析句子结构可知，此空引用定语从句。先行词 road 指物，在定语从句中作 travel 的宾语，应用关系代词 that 或 which 引导(注意：当 road 被用作比喻，表示“人生之路、旅程、历程” 时，
答案第 6 页，共 8 页
它常常被当作一个整体概念，而不是一条具体的、有物理表面的道路。这时，travel 作为及物动词，直接后面接 the road 作宾语)。故填 that/ which。
39 ．has grown 40 ．started 41 ．that##which
【导语】本文的体裁是一篇说明文，随着中国饮食结构的改变，主要农作物由水稻转向玉米，同时政府通过土壤测试项目等措施促进了农业生产的可持续发展，减少了化肥的使用量，从而对环境产生了积极影响。
39．考查时态。句意：自 2011 年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。根据时间状语“Since 2011(自2011 年以来)”可知本句谓语动词使用现在完成时，主语“the country”是单数，故填 has
grown。
40 ．考查时态。句意：中国农业部发现，在 2005 年（当时政府启动了一项土壤测试计划）到 2011 年期间，化肥使用量减少了 770 万吨。根据时间状语“between 2005 and 2011”可知本句说的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填 started。
41 ．考查定语从句。句意： 同上。这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是“a soil-testing program”，空白处在从句中作主语，指物，使用关系代词 that 或 which 引导定语从句。故填that/which。
42 ．to 43 ．when 44 ．permitted 45 ．its
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者与熊猫的联系可以追溯到上世纪 80 年代中期的一个电视节目，当时作者是第一个获准拍摄一个特殊单位照顾野外饥饿的熊猫的西方电视台记者。其大使职责将包括向英国游客介绍在成都的 120 多只大熊猫，以及在碧峰峡迷雾山脉进行研究的其他大熊猫。
1.考查介词。句意： 但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到我在 20 世纪 80 年代中期的一个电视节目中的日子，那时我是第一个西方电视台记者被允许去拍摄一个特殊的单元照顾在野外从饥饿中获救的大熊猫。根据句意“追溯到”用 go back to 表示。故填 to。
2.考查定语从句。句意： 但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到我在 20 世纪 80 年代中期的一个电视节目中的日子，那时我是第一个西方电视台记者被允许去拍摄一个特殊的单元照顾在野外从饥饿中获救的大熊猫。本空引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 the mid-1980s，先行词是时间，从句缺少状语。故填 when。
3.考查非谓语。句意： 但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到我在 20 世纪 80 年代中期的一个电视节目中的日子，那时我是第一个西方电视台记者被允许去拍摄一个特殊的单元照顾在野外从饥饿中获救的大熊猫。本空所在的句子谓语是 was,所给词作后置定语修饰前面的名词 reporter,
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被修饰名词和 permit 之间是被动关系，用动词的过去分词作定语表被动。故填 permitted。
4.考查代词。句意： 在我最近的一次访问中，我抱着一对活泼的三个月大的双胞胎，但被它的母亲拒绝了。空格所在的词表示“它的”，指代前面的 twin，用 its。
答案第 8 页，共 8 页