Unit 1 Science and Scientists
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Although we are suffering such a s natural disaster， we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty.
2. There seems to be a between her words and action. That is to say， her words are to her action.(contradict)
3. The machine is awkward to h ， so you must study the instructions carefully.
4. Agriculture has developed rapidly， thus providing light industry with ample
r materials.
5. You can end up saving a s amount of money after adopting new technology.
6. “It was perfectly all right，” he said， “because the police had not suspected him anything.”
7. S showed grain yield d by 15 percent as a result of drought.
8. What astonished the public was that the murder case had been dismissed in the absence of any definite p .
9. We use the water p to water the garden every week.
10. These years， with the development of economy， the average (家庭) income in our country has also increased.
11. The students were looking through a m at plant cells.
12. People are likely (suffer) from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
13. They felt (frustrate) at the lack of progress.
14. Are you sure there is no danger of (infect) now？
15. Why do you always blame your failure others？ It is you that are (blame) for it.
16. Thanks the reform and opening-up， the poor mountain village has transformed a beautiful tourist attraction.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
thanks to attend to
die from once and for all
give birth to as a result of
subscribe to in general
1. Bill and Tom asked the teacher to settle the argument .
2. I have never the view that schooldays are the happiest days of life.
3. his parents’ encouragement and support， he finally realised his dream.
4. I was told the plant the effects of over-exposure to the sun.
5. The Nile River the immortal (不朽的) civilisation of the Egyptians.
6. I can’t go to your birthday party on Sunday evening because I have something important to .
7. ， the methods used by the two scientists have much in common， but the results are quite different.
8. Nearly all the people are believed to be staying at home the disaster.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)；同意；捐赠 subscription n.订阅；订阅费；订购款；服务费
【归纳拓展】
subscribe for sth 认购某物
subscribe to 同意；赞同；订阅
subscribe sth to… 将某物捐赠给……
subscription to sth 订阅某物
【即学即练】
(1)我订阅了《国家地理》杂志，以便每月都能收到最新的地理资讯。
I National Geographic magazine to receive the latest geographical information every month.
(2)许多投资者认购了这家初创公司的股票。
Many investors shares in the startup company.
(3)他决定将一部分财产捐赠给慈善机构。
He decided to a portion of his wealth the charity.
(4)我决定订一本园艺杂志。
I decided to pay for a a gardening magazine.
2. ★blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责
【归纳拓展】
blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人
blame sth on sb 将某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任
take the blame (for sth) (对某事)承担责任
lay/put the blame on sb
把责任归咎于某人；把责任推到某人身上
【即学即练】
(1)她把这次事故的责任归咎于糟糕的天气。
She the accident the bad weather.
(2)不要因为这次失败而责备他，他已经尽力了。
Don’t ； he has tried his best.
(3)不要把责任都推到他身上，我们都有错。
Don’t him； we are all at fault.
(4)他决定承担这次项目的责任。
He decided to the project.
(5)谁应该为这次错误负责？
Who the mistake？
3. ★transform vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变transformation n.(彻底的)改观；转变
【归纳拓展】
transform one’s life 改变某人的生活
transform the way… 改变……的方式
transform sth/sb (from sth) into sth
将某物/某人(从某状态)转变为某状态
undergo a transformation 经历转变
a complete/radical transformation
彻底的转变
social/economic/digital transformation
社会/经济/数字化转型
【即学即练】
(1)新技术正在改变我们的生活方式。
New technology we live.
(2)这座旧工厂被改造成了一个现代化的艺术中心。
The old factory a modern art centre.
(3)教育改变了他的生活，给了他从未想过的生活。
Education ， giving him a life he had not imagined before.
(4)这座城市在过去十年中经历了巨大的转变。
The city has over the past decade.
(5)我们需要一场彻底的变革来解决这些问题。
We need to address these issues.
(6)教育的数字化转型正在加速。
The of education is accelerating.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句1：He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
原句2：It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
点睛：so…that…引导的是结果状语从句。如果将主句中的 “so＋adj./adv.” 提至句首，句子要用部分倒装结构，从句部分保持不变。因此，原句1可改为“So severe was the cholera outbreak in two particular streets that…”；原句2可改为“So much did the woman like the water from the pump that…”。
【即学即练】
(1)他摔了很多跤，以至于全身上下青一块，紫一块的。
He had he was black and blue all over.
(2)外面嘈杂声很大，以至于我们不能听到老师的话。
There was we couldn’t hear the teacher.
(3)风景如此美丽，以至于我无法移开视线。
I can’t take my eyes off it.(倒装句式)
(4)他跑得如此快，以至于没有人能追上他。
no one could catch him.(倒装句式)
2. 原句：Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
点睛：so that引导的是目的状语从句，相当于in order that， 但so that 只能放在主句后。从句中常使用can、could、may、might、will、would、should等情态动词。so that有时也引导结果状语从句，此时从句中不用情态动词。
【即学即练】
(1)那个小男孩节省每一分钱，为的是能在母亲节给妈妈买礼物。
The little boy saved every coin on Mother’s Day.
(2)他平时学习不努力，以致考试不及格。
He hadn’t studied hard .
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
It is such a common occurrence that no one ever wonders from where the telephone came. But the telephone has a fascinating story behind it. It is the story of Alexander Graham Bell.
Bell was born in Edinburgh， Scotland， in 1847. His father was bitten by the workings of the human voice—how it is produced and used， and he was particularly passionate about teaching the deaf how to use it. Young Bell grew up with his father’s such strong feelings.
In 1870， because of poor health， Bell migrated to Canada. It was not long before his success in teaching the deaf to speak brought him to the attention of a wealthy merchant in Boston who wanted Bell to help her daughter， Mabel. Finally， Mr Bell and Mabel fell in love. It was she who inspired him to develop the then remarkable instrument that transformed speech into electrical impulses (脉冲) that could then be changed back into human speech at the end of a wire. In 1877， they got married. Bell later became an American citizen.
Alexander Graham Bell was showered with the praise of the world. Honours came to him from all the points of the compass. He went on to make other discoveries， many of them groundbreaking. But in his own view， he was most proud of his efforts to help the deaf. So， when the government of France awarded him the Volta Prize for inventing the telephone， he combined this monetary award with the money he made from selling the patent on another invention to establish the Volta Bureau in Washington， D.C. Its purpose was to fund research on deafness. Today， it is called the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Its role has been changed to providing the latest information for the deaf of the world on how best to deal with their disability.
( )1. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “bitten by” in Paragraph 2？
A. Fed up with.
B. Familiar with.
C. In harmony with.
D. Enthusiastic about.
( )2. What does the author say about Bell？
A. He married a deaf woman.
B. He taught the deaf to use telephones.
C. He was funded by a merchant.
D. He was inspired by his father to invent telephones.
( )3. What may the paragraph that follows be about？
A. The development of the Association.
B. Examples of Bell’s other inventions.
C. Something about his family.
D. Bell’s death and his influence.
Ⅵ. 课文语法填空
John Snow was a well-known doctor in London in the 19th century. He desired 1 (destroy) cholera once and for all， which was one of the 2 (terrible) diseases in the world at that time， 3 no one knew how to prevent or treat it and numerous people died from it. Although Snow subscribed 4 the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water， he needed to prove it. In 1854 5 a cholera hit London， he began to investigate. He marked on a map where all the dead people 6 (live) and found that there were multiple 7 (death) near the water pump. He made a 8 (far) investigation and finally announced that the pump water carried cholera germs. So he had the handle of the pump 9 (remove). Through this interven-tion， the disease 10 (stop) in its tracks. Finally， “King Cholera” was defeated.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. 6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. (initial)， the government was unwilling to accept the defeat.
2. All substances， whether they are gaseous， liquid or s ， are made of atoms.
3. He will have to make major adjustments to his (think) if he is to survive in office.
4. These (find) suggest that there is no direct link between unemployment and crime.
5. The first year provides students with a sound (theory) basis for later study.
6. Hackers are said to have started a computer v .
7. Many people (subscribe) to the belief that a healthy lifestyle can prevent chronic diseases.
8. The police began to s that the crime was committed by someone familiar with the victim.
9. The company made a (substantial) larger investment in renewable energy to reduce its carbon footprint.
10. The young scientist conducted m verified experiments to ensure the accuracy of the results.
11. The government aims to d the unemployment rate by creating more job opportunities.
12. The spread of the (infect) was quickly contained due to the timely intervention of medical professionals.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——名词性从句
1. 单句语法填空
(1)He did not see the film. That is he had to help his little sister with her homework.
(2)This modern hotel， in which the visitors can enjoy the best service， is Mary stayed last week.
(3)What your father wants to know is you are getting on with your studies.
(4)China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer it used to be.
(5)You are saying that everyone should be equal， and this is I disagree.
(6)America was was first called “India” by Columbus many years ago.
(7)The most exciting moment in my life was I was given the first prize.
(8)She’s been leading throughout the race， but it now looks as she’s tired.
(9)What Tom’s parents really doubt is he will recover from the serious disease soon.
(10)The reason he gave for his being away for such a long time was his mother was ill.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)我相信通过努力我迟早会成功的。
My belief is by working hard.
(2)问题是这个话题是否值得讨论。
The question is .
(3)我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
My advice is .
(4)他迟到的原因是交通拥堵。
The reason is .
(5)那就是那位著名科学家出生的地方。
That is .
Ⅲ. 完形填空
From poverty to a rocket scientist to the CEO of the Girl Scouts (女童子军)， Sylvia Acevedo’s story is inspiring.
Sylvia Acevedo grew up on a dirt road in New Mexico. Her family was 1 ， living paycheck to paycheck. After an infectious disease 2 in Las Cruces， which nearly killed her younger sister， her mother moved the family to a different 3 . At her new school， a classmate 4 her to become a Brownie Girl Scout. And from that moment， her life 5 a new path.
The Girl Scouts cookie programme equips girls with basic 6 knowledge. Women constantly in the sector said they got their 7 through it. Sylvia Acevedo was there going door-to-door 8 cookies to all her neighbours. There’s a famous sales 9 that her troop leader gave her： you never leave the side of a sale 10 you’ve heard “no” three times， and to this day she 11 by that.
The Girl Scouts experience in a way got girls hired. When they are earning different badges (徽章)， they have all those job skills that are 12 related to what they’ve learnt. On one camping trip， Acevedo’s troop leader saw her looking up at the stars—she didn’t know that there were planets. Her troop leader 13 the Big Dipper， the Little Dipper and a few planets. Later， when the girls were earning badges， Acevedo’s leader remembered her 14 with the stars and suggested she try for her science badge. She went on to get a master’s in engineering from Stanford University， then became a rocket scientist with NASA， and then， in 2016， was appointed to head the Girl Scouts.
What the Girl Scouts taught her was determination and resilience (适应力) and she has kept that 15 in her life ever since.
( )1. A. large B. happy
C. poor D. close
( )2. A. control B. outbreak
C. symptom D. victim
( )3. A. project B. neighbourhood
C. schoolyard D. division
( )4. A. convinced B. advised
C. forced D. allowed
( )5. A. took up B. took in
C. took off D. took on
( )6. A. political B. cultural
C. financial D. religious
( )7. A. start B. way
C. head D. vote
( )8. A. allocating B. selling
C. making D. tasting
( )9. A. campaign B. figure
C. programme D. technique
( )10. A. after B. while
C. until D. since
( )11. A. lives B. gets
C. passes D. judges
( )12. A. gradually B. hopefully
C. closely D. loosely
( )13. A. pointed out B. ruled out
C. sorted out D. brought out
( )14. A. satisfaction B. association
C. combination D. fascination
( )15. A. dream B. promise
C. lesson D. standard
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
What a Scientist Is Like
If you were asked to imagine a scientist， what image would come to your mind？ The common idea that most kids from kindergarten to college have of a scientist is a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair， big glasses， and several glass cups of mysterious colourful liquid giving off clouds of smoke. As for adults， the majority view scientists as strange people who spend 100 hours a week slaving away (辛苦地工作) in a lonely laboratory. However， the reality is quite different.
Recently， I’ve had a chance to take part in a scientific experience far from my laboratory and into Costa Rica. It supports a huge amount of wildlife due to its geographical placement between North and South America. It is home to more than 500，000 species， which represent nearly 4 percent of the total species worldwide！
First， we worked alongside conservationists to preserve wildlife at a leatherback turtle (棱皮龟) rescue centre. We helped the volunteers preserve turtle populations by removing rubbish from the shoreline to create a safe environment for turtle eggs to hatch. After that we stayed at Mount Arenal where we studied seismic activity relating to earthquakes. During our stay at Arenal， we rode over the mountainous areas and took a long walk through the rainforest. After reaching the top， we went down and through waterfalls to the beautiful valley below！ On the last day we got an impressive introduction to rocket science where we learnt about new rocket technology that will be used on the international space station.
From my Costa Rica experience， I know that being a scientist doesn’t mean working in a lab all day and night. A scientist is one who loves learning and getting a better understanding of the world through helping preserve wildlife， learning about earthquakes or inventing rockets. I think that schools should really stress that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals. Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring！
( )1. According to Paragraph 1， scientists are often believed .
A. to work as slaves
B. to behave in a strange way
C. to spend too much time in labs
D. to do experiments in messy labs
( )2. The author helped to preserve the turtle populations by .
A. creating a safe nest for turtles
B. picking up rubbish on the shoreline
C. collecting the turtle eggs on the beach
D. finding a comfortable environment for turtles
( )3. What does the author learn about science from his experience？
A. Science is full of boring experiments.
B. Science is more than working in a lab.
C. Science is related to mysterious liquids.
D. Science is about wildlife and earthquakes.
( )4. Why does the author write this passage？
A. To encourage kids to study science.
B. To tell the story of travelling in Costa Rica.
C. To expect more people to travel in Costa Rica.
D. To share the secrets behind science phenomena.
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Please stand to one side. You’re c your shadow over my work.
2. It is strongly suggested that measures be taken by the government to forbid factories to p waste into rivers.
3. He is always finding f with me， which makes me upset.
4. Their duty is to d their country against both domestic and foreign enemies’ attacks.
5. She demonstrated excellent (leader) during the crisis.
6. She (brilliant) presented her findings to the audience.
7. The new c of science is gaining popularity.
8. It’s helpful to have c examples of how words are used in context.
9. The artist’s work is too a for most people to understand.
10. The (shift) market trends require constant attention.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
have a great impact on break out
switch…to… in charge of
discourage…from… trace back to
come down with dream about
above all point out
1. He predicted that war would in the next few years.
2. The cook is the kitchen helper.
3. We tried to him climbing the mountain without a guide.
4. The soldiers often their family and friends at home at that time.
5. I hate him， ， for the way he treats to people.
6. He pneumonia (肺炎) last week.
7. It is time to the talks a different subject.
8. The development of the airport and port them when they arrived in the country.
9. The friendly intercourse (往来) between our two countries can last century.
10. The teacher the mistakes in my composition yesterday.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
【归纳拓展】
pour down (雨)倾盆而下
pour in/into (人或物)大量涌入
pour sth into sth 将某物倒入某物
pour sth out 倒出某物；倾诉(情感)
pour cold water on sth 对……泼冷水
pour money/resources into sth
将大量资金/资源投入……
【即学即练】
(1)她倒了一杯茶给我。
She for me.
(2)大雨倾盆而下，我们不得不取消野餐计划。
The rain ， and we had to cancel our picnic plans.
(3)人们纷纷涌入广场庆祝胜利。
People the square to celebrate the victory.
(4)公司投入了大量资金开发新产品。
The company developing new products.
(5)他向她倾诉了自己的烦恼。
He to her.
2. ★defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 defendant n.被告人；被告
【归纳拓展】
defend the law 维护法律
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
defend one’s title/championship 卫冕冠军
defend sb/sth against/from sth
保护某人/某物免受……侵害
defend one’s actions 为自己的行为辩护
defend one’s position/opinion
为自己的立场/观点辩护
【即学即练】
(1)士兵们誓死保卫国家。
The soldiers vowed to at all costs.
(2)他为自己被指控的行为进行了辩护。
He his actions the accusations.
(3)这位律师在法庭上为被告进行了有力的辩护。
The lawyer vigorously in court.
(4)她为自己的观点进行了有力的辩护。
She with strong arguments.
(5)这支球队正在努力卫冕冠军。
The team is working hard to .
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句：Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
点睛：比较级与否定词连用时，表示肯定意义。
【即学即练】
(1)我从没有过比这更心烦的日子。
I worrying day.
(2)《西游记》这本书再有趣不过了。
There’s nothing Journey to the West.
(3)那天的天气再糟糕不过了。
The weather that day.
(4)这道菜再美味不过了。
This dish .
(5)他的演讲再精彩不过了。
His speech was .
2. 原句：When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not？…”
点睛：当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，从句可以同时省略主语和be动词。如果状语从句中有it is时，it is可以同时省略。状语从句省略后的句式有连词＋doing、连词＋done、连词＋to do、连词＋介词短语、连词＋形容词、连词＋名词。
【即学即练】
用括号内单词的适当形式填空
(1)Look out for cars when (cross) the street.
(2)They sent us much more materials than (require).
(3)If (heat) to a higher tempera-ture， water will be turned into steam.
(4)He opened his mouth as if (say) something to me.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
As a kid， Joanna Buckley wasn’t interested in science—until she had a chance to try it. That happened when she got a chemistry set for Christmas.
“Over the course of a few weeks， I’d completed every experiment. But in the process， I polluted my parents’ dining room carpet and burnt the kitchen worktop with the spirit burner，” she says.
Now science is Buckley’s job. She works in the chemistry department at the University of Sheffield in England. “I realise， first-hand， how important it is to have something or someone to show you why science is great，” she says. Now the good news is that citizen science has appeared.
Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckley’s at-home chemistry kit. That’s because these experiments are real， looking for novel answers.
“Compared with a one-off experiment， what’s cool about citizen science is that students get it—that this has a purpose，” says Prunuske， who teaches microbiology and immunology at a medical college. “Students want to do a good job， because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their own research.”
Jennifer Long’s job is to coordinate (协调) education and outreach. She agrees with Prunuske. “Kids like that it’s real. And they like that it’s important， that it matters.” Citizen-science projects have made big discoveries. One found a previously unknown galaxy cluster (星系团). Another project helped assess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan. And one of the first citizen-science projects helped scientists learn where monarch butterflies go every winter.
“Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science. That’s one reason they hope that fun， exciting citizen-science projects can help them keep engaged，” Long says. And she has some evidence that it’s working. “Last year， we did have a couple of students say， ‘I really think I want to be a scientist now.’”
( )1. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2？
A. To support the viewpoint that trials can make teens interested in science.
B. To prove that failure is the mother of success in science.
C. To state that Buckley has a talent for science.
D. To praise Buckley for her strong will.
( )2. Why is citizen science more fun？
A. It needs to seek for new solutions.
B. It carries out experiments frequently.
C. It must carry out experiments in groups.
D. It demands to handle complex problems.
( )3. What can we know from what Prunuske says？
A. She participates in the experiment.
B. She takes pride in what students took up.
C. Citizen science is popular with students.
D. Scientists are willing to employ students.
( )4. What is Long’s attitude towards citizen science？
A. Concerned.
B. Supportive.
C. Doubtful.
D. Unclear.
Ⅵ. 阅读七选五
Characteristics of an Excellent Scientist
The Free Dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences， especially natural science or physical science. 1 Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity.
2 Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. If a scientist doesn’t have the drive to ask questions or even wonder， then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience.
3 There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education in science， you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification (即时满足) type of person， this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities.
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good， a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment and living things， since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest. 4
Working habits.
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation， keeping it in mind and recording it. 5 He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A. Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
B. An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D. However， that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.
E. He/She can work well alone or in groups， depending on what’s needed.
F. To make discoveries in human knowledge， you have to think differently.
G. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 完形填空
“Mum， can I invite my classmate Brett over to stay tomorrow night， please？ It’s Friday， and we don’t have any 1 . Can I， please？” Mum was sitting at the kitchen table. Dad was asleep next to her， resting his head on his arms. Mum could 2 that James wanted so badly to have his friend over.
“I’m so sorry， James，” she said.
“I’m never allowed to have friends come to the house. Why， Mum？” James asked sadly， almost in 3 .
“I know it’s 4 for you，” Mum said softly. “But I’m just worried other people might think we’re a little…strange. And then they would make fun of you.”
“No， they wouldn’t， Mum，” James protested. “We’re not 5 at all. We’re just ordinary people.”
Mum sighed heavily. “To tell you the truth， James， my neck has been so painful that it’s given me a heavy headache. And your poor father—he doesn’t feel 6 . He really needs a rest.”
“I can help， Mum！” James said. “ 7 I can make you and Dad feel better， can Brett come over？ Please？”
“Well…” Mum began.
“Great！ Thanks， Mum！” James almost shouted. “Just sit there， don’t move.” He rushed over to the kitchen drawer and 8 what he needed—two spanners (扳手). “Hang on， Mum，” he said. “This won’t take a second.” After some 9 ， James was finished. With a smile of 10 on his face he said， “There！ How does that feel？” “Oh， James，” Mum said. “That’s much better！ How did you do it？”
“Easy，” James said 11 . “Dad had tightened your neck bolts (螺栓) too much！ I just 12 them slightly！ I learnt that in robotic science at school.”
“What about your father？ Can you help him？” asked Mum.
“I’ll try，” James replied. He 13 up Dad’s hair at the back of his neck， and plugged the electric wire into Dad’s head. Then he turned the power on. Dad opened his eyes and 14 immediately. “He just let his battery run too low. That’s all，” James said. “Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow？”
“I guess so，” replied Mum. “Your friends will just have to 15 that we are a very unusual family. Thanks， son！”
( )1. A. chance B. message
C. homework D. difficulty
( )2. A. explain B. see
C. agree D. doubt
( )3. A. terror B. tears
C. surprise D. silence
( )4. A. fair B. easy
C. good D. hard
( )5. A. strange B. normal
C. popular D. anxious
( )6. A. ill B. funny
C. sorry D. well
( )7. A. As B. If
C. Since D. Before
( )8. A. kept B. controlled
C. found D. returned
( )9. A. requests B. thoughts
C. repairs D. instructions
( )10. A. sympathy B. satisfaction
C. bitterness D. politeness
( )11. A. gratefully B. embarrassedly
C. impatiently D. proudly
( )12. A. adjusted B. collected
C. produced D. covered
( )13. A. lifted B. caught
C. gave D. filled
( )14. A. grew up B. lay down
C. broke down D. sat up
( )15. A. prove B. expect
C. suspect D. accept
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
What are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age？ There are diseases like AIDS and cancer. There’s climate change， of course. And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the world’s growing population？ Who’s going to solve all these terrible problems？ Yes， politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play. Yes， businesses will need to create economic wealth to pay for some of these things. But who’s going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change？ It’s going to be a scientist. It is the scientist who can turn some new bits of science into a new technology to solve these problems.
If you like thinking about the world around you， why not become a scientist？ It doesn’t mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses or spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine！ Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting！
Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date. Forensic (法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals. Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teachers and professors who will train tomorrow’s scientists. Don’t think a scientist is far away！ Maybe you like cooking？ You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer. Perhaps sport is your thing？ Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance？ You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world.
Looking for something to do for the rest of your life？ My advice？ Take a long and hard look at science. It is interesting and ever.
( )1. Many problems are mentioned in Paragraph 1 to .
A. suggest they are impossible to be solved
B. introduce the causes of these problems
C. show the writer’s worry about the future world
D. show scientists play an important part in solving them
( )2. What is needed to solve these problems？
A. Advanced weapons.
B. Enough energy.
C. New technologies.
D. Growing populations.
( )3. Most people think the life of scientists is .
A. amazing B. boring
C. colourful D. unreal
Ⅲ. 书面表达
论科学精神
文体感知
导读：评论科学精神是新课程标准中的写作要求之一，主要是对科学家重要事迹、贡献以及他们身上所体现的科学精神、闪光点等进行评价。
【素材】
你校将举行以“Scientific Spirit”为主题的征文比赛，请你用英语写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 你对科学精神的理解；
2. 科学精神的作用；
3. 科学精神在日常生活中的应用。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 议论文
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 在我看来
2. 取得杰出成就/作出重大贡献
3. 对……的奉献
4. 带来；促成
5. 在……中起到关键作用
【句式】
亮点句式
☆ It is widely recognised that…/It is common knowledge that…
☆ If it had not been for…/Without…， …would not have…
☆ It was…that…
☆ Only in this way/Only by doing so can we…
1. 完成句子
(1)这些品质促成了袁隆平杂交水稻的培育。
the development of Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice.
(2)杂交水稻在抗击全球饥饿中起到至关重要的作用。
Hybrid rice has played a crucial role in .
2. 句式升级
强调“这些品质”，将第1小题中的句(1)改为强调句，并用非限制性定语从句连接第1小题中的句(1)和句(2)。
【妙笔成篇】
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. n.(－ion结尾)＋－ious→adj.
infection→ adj.传染性的； 感染的
ambition→ adj.有野心的； 有雄心的
caution→ adj.谨慎的
nutrition→ adj.有营养的
religion→ adj.宗教的
suspicion→ adj.怀疑的
2. v.＋－ing→n.
find→ n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
think→ n.思想；思维；见解
suffer→ n.痛苦；折磨；苦难
feel→ n.感觉；感触；想法
begin→ n.开头；开端
build→ n.建筑
paint→ n.油画；绘画
3. n.(－c/－ce结尾)＋－al→adj.
mechanic→ adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
logic→ adj.符合逻辑的
critic→ adj.批评的；批判性的；挑剔的
magic→ adj.有魔力的；用于巫术的
music→ adj.音乐的
practice→ adj.实际的
4. v.＋－(a)nt→n.(指人)
assist→ n.助理；助手
participate→ n.参与者；参加者
account→ n.会计；会计师
immigrate→ n.移民
serve→ n.仆人
inhabit→ n.居民；栖息动物
5. n.＋－ship→n.
leader→ n.领导；领导地位；领导才能
friend→ n.友谊；朋友关系
citizen→ n.公民权利；公民资格；公民身份
relation→ n.(亲属)关系
member→ n.成员资格
partner→ n.伙伴关系
6. in＋n.＋of→介词短语
in charge of
【in＋n.＋of短语拓展】
in possession of
in memory of
in honour of
in celebration of
in favour of
in need of
in view of
in praise of
7. break＋adv.→不及物动词短语
break out
【break＋adv.短语拓展】
break away
bread down
break in
break off
break through
break up
8. come＋adv.→不及物动词短语
come down
【come＋adv.短语拓展】
come up
come through
come about
come across
come by
come on
come out
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. I’m feeling rather in my present job.(frustrate)
2. Words can have m meanings in different contexts.
3. Despite the (intervene) of the international community， the two countries were unable to settle their differences once and for all.
4. The new bridge will link the island the mainland.
5. By (纯粹的) chance he found the rare book he needed in a little shop.
6. New economic development policies led to s and rapid growth.
7. (transform) is not only a choice， but also a strategy.
8. The block of office buildings was built of c on a steel f .
9. After it p for half an hour， a beautiful r appeared in the sky.
10. Can you explain that a theory with specific examples？
11. There were so many customers that the shop a couldn’t attend to them all.
12. Relax as much as possible and keep breathing (steady).
13. He presented a new c of the origins of the universe.
14. I can’t find fault the new restaurant： the food is good and the service is excellent.
15. He s the case from one hand to the other during that meeting.
16. The report is (vivid) written and very moving.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 在智能制造车间，每条生产线的前端都配有显示屏，显示包括日常任务、订单完成数量和工作进度在内的生产线信息。工作人员扫描二维码来跟踪订单。与以前的手写工单相比，这不仅节省了时间，而且有助于实现100％的准确率。
In the smart manufacturing workshop， the front end of every production line a display screen， which shows information about the production lines， including ， the number of completed orders and . Workers scan a to track pared with handwritten work orders previously， this not only ， but also helps in achieving 100 percent .
2. 随着健康成为越来越多的年轻人的追求，一股“新中式养生”潮流席卷了社交媒体平台。养生不再是中老年人的专有名词。面对激烈的教育和职业竞争，90后和00后已经开始了守护健康的旅程。
As wellness becomes a of more and more young people， a trend known as “New Chinese-style Wellness” has taken over . Wellness is no longer a term exclusive to the middle-aged and elderly. Faced with in education and their careers， those born in the 1990s and 2000s have already embarked on a journey to .
3. 1610年，伽利略，一位有天赋的著名意大利天文学家，用自己发明的望远镜发现了木星的四颗卫星。这一发现为哥白尼学说提供了确凿的证据。在当时，哥白尼的理论和教会的理论是相对立的，因而最初许多科学家都不赞同他的思想。
In 1610， Galileo， a famous Italian ， discovered the four moons of Jupiter with the he invented. The provided proof for Copernican . At that time， Copernicus’s theory the Church’s. So many scientists didn’t his .
4. 医生建议要吃富含蛋白质和维生素的食品，不吃垃圾食品和生冷食品，这样做能预防细菌侵害我们的健康。
Doctors recommend eating foods rather than junk food， and cold food， which can our health.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. What he really means is he disagrees with us.
2. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.
3. This is it happened.
4. It was I was thirteen that I entered the No.1 Middle School.
5. The reason why he has been such a success is he never gives up.
6. Our village is no longer it was over twenty years ago.
7. The problem is we can get to take the place of Ted.
8. The question is he really needs our help.
9. The reason for your mistake is you lack confidence in yourself.
10. The doubt is has got away with the document.
11. He looked as he was ill.
12. The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.
13. Tom left immediately. That’s he only had 10 minutes to get to his next job！
14. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.
15. That is we were late last time.
16. That is Lu Xun once lived.Unit 1 Science and Scientists
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Although we are suffering such a s evere natural disaster， we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty.
2. There seems to be a contradiction between her words and action. That is to say， her words are contradictory to her action.(contradict)
3. The machine is awkward to h andle ， so you must study the instructions carefully.
4. Agriculture has developed rapidly， thus providing light industry with ample
r aw materials.
5. You can end up saving a s ubstantial amount of money after adopting new technology.
6. “It was perfectly all right，” he said， “because the police had not suspected him of anything.”
7. S tatistics showed grain yield d ecreased by 15 percent as a result of drought.
8. What astonished the public was that the murder case had been dismissed in the absence of any definite p roof .
9. We use the water p ump to water the garden every week.
10. These years， with the development of economy， the average household (家庭) income in our country has also increased.
11. The students were looking through a m icroscope at plant cells.
12. People are likely to suffer (suffer) from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
13. They felt frustrated (frustrate) at the lack of progress.
14. Are you sure there is no danger of infection (infect) now？
15. Why do you always blame your failure on others？ It is you that are to blame (blame) for it.
16. Thanks to the reform and opening-up， the poor mountain village has transformed into a beautiful tourist attraction.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
thanks to attend to
die from once and for all
give birth to as a result of
subscribe to in general
1. Bill and Tom asked the teacher to settle the argument once and for all .
2. I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of life.
3. Thanks to his parents’ encouragement and support， he finally realised his dream.
4. I was told the plant died from the effects of over-exposure to the sun.
5. The Nile River gave birth to the immortal (不朽的) civilisation of the Egyptians.
6. I can’t go to your birthday party on Sunday evening because I have something important to attend to .
7. In general ， the methods used by the two scientists have much in common， but the results are quite different.
8. Nearly all the people are believed to be staying at home as a result of the disaster.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)；同意；捐赠 subscription n.订阅；订阅费；订购款；服务费
【归纳拓展】
subscribe for sth 认购某物
subscribe to 同意；赞同；订阅
subscribe sth to… 将某物捐赠给……
subscription to sth 订阅某物
【即学即练】
(1)我订阅了《国家地理》杂志，以便每月都能收到最新的地理资讯。
I subscribe to National Geographic magazine to receive the latest geographical information every month.
(2)许多投资者认购了这家初创公司的股票。
Many investors subscribed for shares in the startup company.
(3)他决定将一部分财产捐赠给慈善机构。
He decided to subscribe a portion of his wealth to the charity.
(4)我决定订一本园艺杂志。
I decided to pay for a subscription to a gardening magazine.
2. ★blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责
【归纳拓展】
blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人
blame sth on sb 将某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任
take the blame (for sth) (对某事)承担责任
lay/put the blame on sb
把责任归咎于某人；把责任推到某人身上
【即学即练】
(1)她把这次事故的责任归咎于糟糕的天气。
She blamed the accident on the bad weather.
(2)不要因为这次失败而责备他，他已经尽力了。
Don’t blame him for the failure ； he has tried his best.
(3)不要把责任都推到他身上，我们都有错。
Don’t lay/put the blame on him； we are all at fault.
(4)他决定承担这次项目的责任。
He decided to take the blame for the project.
(5)谁应该为这次错误负责？
Who is to blame for the mistake？
3. ★transform vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变transformation n.(彻底的)改观；转变
【归纳拓展】
transform one’s life 改变某人的生活
transform the way… 改变……的方式
transform sth/sb (from sth) into sth
将某物/某人(从某状态)转变为某状态
undergo a transformation 经历转变
a complete/radical transformation
彻底的转变
social/economic/digital transformation
社会/经济/数字化转型
【即学即练】
(1)新技术正在改变我们的生活方式。
New technology is transforming the way we live.
(2)这座旧工厂被改造成了一个现代化的艺术中心。
The old factory was transformed into a modern art centre.
(3)教育改变了他的生活，给了他从未想过的生活。
Education transformed his life ， giving him a life he had not imagined before.
(4)这座城市在过去十年中经历了巨大的转变。
The city has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past decade.
(5)我们需要一场彻底的变革来解决这些问题。
We need a complete/radical transformation to address these issues.
(6)教育的数字化转型正在加速。
The digital transformation of education is accelerating.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句1：He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
原句2：It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
点睛：so…that…引导的是结果状语从句。如果将主句中的 “so＋adj./adv.” 提至句首，句子要用部分倒装结构，从句部分保持不变。因此，原句1可改为“So severe was the cholera outbreak in two particular streets that…”；原句2可改为“So much did the woman like the water from the pump that…”。
【即学即练】
(1)他摔了很多跤，以至于全身上下青一块，紫一块的。
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.
(2)外面嘈杂声很大，以至于我们不能听到老师的话。
There was so much noise outside that we couldn’t hear the teacher.
(3)风景如此美丽，以至于我无法移开视线。
So beautiful is the scenery that I can’t take my eyes off it.(倒装句式)
(4)他跑得如此快，以至于没有人能追上他。
So fast did he run that no one could catch him.(倒装句式)
2. 原句：Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
点睛：so that引导的是目的状语从句，相当于in order that， 但so that 只能放在主句后。从句中常使用can、could、may、might、will、would、should等情态动词。so that有时也引导结果状语从句，此时从句中不用情态动词。
【即学即练】
(1)那个小男孩节省每一分钱，为的是能在母亲节给妈妈买礼物。
The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother’s Day.
(2)他平时学习不努力，以致考试不及格。
He hadn’t studied hard so that he failed in the exam .
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
It is such a common occurrence that no one ever wonders from where the telephone came. But the telephone has a fascinating story behind it. It is the story of Alexander Graham Bell.
Bell was born in Edinburgh， Scotland， in 1847. His father was bitten by the workings of the human voice—how it is produced and used， and he was particularly passionate about teaching the deaf how to use it. Young Bell grew up with his father’s such strong feelings.
In 1870， because of poor health， Bell migrated to Canada. It was not long before his success in teaching the deaf to speak brought him to the attention of a wealthy merchant in Boston who wanted Bell to help her daughter， Mabel. Finally， Mr Bell and Mabel fell in love. It was she who inspired him to develop the then remarkable instrument that transformed speech into electrical impulses (脉冲) that could then be changed back into human speech at the end of a wire. In 1877， they got married. Bell later became an American citizen.
Alexander Graham Bell was showered with the praise of the world. Honours came to him from all the points of the compass. He went on to make other discoveries， many of them groundbreaking. But in his own view， he was most proud of his efforts to help the deaf. So， when the government of France awarded him the Volta Prize for inventing the telephone， he combined this monetary award with the money he made from selling the patent on another invention to establish the Volta Bureau in Washington， D.C. Its purpose was to fund research on deafness. Today， it is called the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Its role has been changed to providing the latest information for the deaf of the world on how best to deal with their disability.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了电话发明者Bell (贝尔)的家庭情况、伟大发明以及他对听障人士的贡献。
( D )1. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “bitten by” in Paragraph 2？
A. Fed up with.
B. Familiar with.
C. In harmony with.
D. Enthusiastic about.
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“the workings of the human voice—how it is produced and used…with his father’s such strong feelings” 可知，Bell伴着父亲的这种强烈的感情长大，Bell的父亲应是热衷于研究人类的声音。bitten by意为“对……感兴趣；热衷……”，与enthusiastic about意思相近。
( A )2. What does the author say about Bell？
A. He married a deaf woman.
B. He taught the deaf to use telephones.
C. He was funded by a merchant.
D. He was inspired by his father to invent telephones.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“his success in teaching the deaf to speak…help her daughter， Mabel”可知，Bell成功教有听力障碍的人说话，引得波士顿富商请Bell帮助女儿Mabel，由此可知，Mabel也是一名听障人士。再根据下文中的“they got married”可知，Bell和Mabel结婚了，因此选项A正确。
( D )3. What may the paragraph that follows be about？
A. The development of the Association.
B. Examples of Bell’s other inventions.
C. Something about his family.
D. Bell’s death and his influence.
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Its role has been changed to providing the latest information for the deaf of the world on how best to deal with their disability.”并结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了Bell的生平和成就，下一段很可能会提到Bell的逝世和他对后人的影响。
Ⅵ. 课文语法填空
John Snow was a well-known doctor in London in the 19th century. He desired 1 (destroy) cholera once and for all， which was one of the 2 (terrible) diseases in the world at that time， 3 no one knew how to prevent or treat it and numerous people died from it. Although Snow subscribed 4 the theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water， he needed to prove it. In 1854 5 a cholera hit London， he began to investigate. He marked on a map where all the dead people 6 (live) and found that there were multiple 7 (death) near the water pump. He made a 8 (far) investigation and finally announced that the pump water carried cholera germs. So he had the handle of the pump 9 (remove). Through this interven-tion， the disease 10 (stop) in its tracks. Finally， “King Cholera” was defeated.
1. to destroy
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为desired，空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接，应使用非谓语动词；destroy和主语He构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用动词不定式作宾语。
2. most terrible
【解析】 考查形容词的最高等级。根据“one of＋the＋形容词最高等级＋名词复数”表示“……是……中最……之一”可知，空格处应使用形容词的最高等级。
3. because
【解析】 考查连词。空格前后都是完整的句子，因此空格处应使用连词；再结合语境可知，此处是在解释出现前一句所描述的情况的原因，空格处表示因果关系，故填because。
4. to
【解析】 考查介词。subscribe to 意为“同意；赞同”，为固定搭配。
5. when
【解析】 考查连词。空格前后都是完整的句子，因此空格处应使用连词；再结合语境可知，空格处表示“当……的时候”，故填when。
6. had lived
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，那些人居住的动作发生在Snow 在地图上作标记这个动作之前，因此空格处应用过去完成时态。
7. deaths
【解析】 考查名词单复数。根据空格前的were可知，空格处表示复数概念，应使用单词的复数形式。
8. further
【解析】 考查形容词的比较等级。根据上文可知，在地图上发现了线索之后，Snow就需要做进一步的跟踪调查来寻找发生霍乱的原因。此处表示“他做了进一步的调查”，空格处应使用形容词的比较等级。
9. removed
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为had，空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接，应使用非谓语动词；remove和主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用动词－ed形式作宾语补足语。
10. was stopped
【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。根据上下文可知，文章整体时态为一般过去时，此处也应用一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，动词和主语构成动宾关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态；又因主语disease表达单数概念，动词应用单数形式，故填was stopped。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Initially (initial)， the government was unwilling to accept the defeat.
2. All substances， whether they are gaseous， liquid or s olid ， are made of atoms.
3. He will have to make major adjustments to his thinking (think) if he is to survive in office.
4. These findings (find) suggest that there is no direct link between unemployment and crime.
5. The first year provides students with a sound theoretical (theory) basis for later study.
6. Hackers are said to have started a computer v irus .
7. Many people subscribed (subscribe) to the belief that a healthy lifestyle can prevent chronic diseases.
8. The police began to s uspect that the crime was committed by someone familiar with the victim.
9. The company made a substantially (substantial) larger investment in renewable energy to reduce its carbon footprint.
10. The young scientist conducted m ultiple verified experiments to ensure the accuracy of the results.
11. The government aims to d ecrease the unemployment rate by creating more job opportunities.
12. The spread of the infection (infect) was quickly contained due to the timely intervention of medical professionals.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——名词性从句
1. 单句语法填空
(1)He did not see the film. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
(2)This modern hotel， in which the visitors can enjoy the best service， is where Mary stayed last week.
(3)What your father wants to know is how you are getting on with your studies.
(4)China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer what it used to be.
(5)You are saying that everyone should be equal， and this is where I disagree.
(6)America was what was first called “India” by Columbus many years ago.
(7)The most exciting moment in my life was when I was given the first prize.
(8)She’s been leading throughout the race， but it now looks as if/though she’s tired.
(9)What Tom’s parents really doubt is whether/if he will recover from the serious disease soon.
(10)The reason he gave for his being away for such a long time was that his mother was ill.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)我相信通过努力我迟早会成功的。
My belief is that I will succeed sooner or later by working hard.
(2)问题是这个话题是否值得讨论。
The question is whether the topic is worth discussing .
(3)我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible .
(4)他迟到的原因是交通拥堵。
The reason why he was late is that the traffic was busy .
(5)那就是那位著名科学家出生的地方。
That is where the famous scientist was born .
Ⅲ. 完形填空
From poverty to a rocket scientist to the CEO of the Girl Scouts (女童子军)， Sylvia Acevedo’s story is inspiring.
Sylvia Acevedo grew up on a dirt road in New Mexico. Her family was 1 ， living paycheck to paycheck. After an infectious disease 2 in Las Cruces， which nearly killed her younger sister， her mother moved the family to a different 3 . At her new school， a classmate 4 her to become a Brownie Girl Scout. And from that moment， her life 5 a new path.
The Girl Scouts cookie programme equips girls with basic 6 knowledge. Women constantly in the sector said they got their 7 through it. Sylvia Acevedo was there going door-to-door 8 cookies to all her neighbours. There’s a famous sales 9 that her troop leader gave her： you never leave the side of a sale 10 you’ve heard “no” three times， and to this day she 11 by that.
The Girl Scouts experience in a way got girls hired. When they are earning different badges (徽章)， they have all those job skills that are 12 related to what they’ve learnt. On one camping trip， Acevedo’s troop leader saw her looking up at the stars—she didn’t know that there were planets. Her troop leader 13 the Big Dipper， the Little Dipper and a few planets. Later， when the girls were earning badges， Acevedo’s leader remembered her 14 with the stars and suggested she try for her science badge. She went on to get a master’s in engineering from Stanford University， then became a rocket scientist with NASA， and then， in 2016， was appointed to head the Girl Scouts.
What the Girl Scouts taught her was determination and resilience (适应力) and she has kept that 15 in her life ever since.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sylvia Acevedo的事迹。她获得了斯坦福大学的工程学硕士学位，随后成为NASA的科学家，并在2016年被任命为美国女童子军的首席执行官。
( C )1. A. large B. happy
C. poor D. close
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的“From poverty to a rocket scientist to the CEO of…”可知，Sylvia 出身于贫困家庭。
( B )2. A. control B. outbreak
C. symptom D. victim
【解析】 考查名词。句意：在拉斯克鲁塞斯暴发的一场传染病几乎夺去了她妹妹的生命之后，她的母亲把家搬到了另一个社区。空格处指传染病暴发。
( B )3. A. project B. neighbourhood
C. schoolyard D. division
【解析】 考查名词。根据上下文语境可知，Sylvia搬家应该是搬到另一个社区。
( A )4. A. convinced B. advised
C. forced D. allowed
【解析】 考查动词。句意：在她的新学校，一个同学说服她成为一名童子军。根据下文Sylvia 参加童子军的事实可推知，这位同学成功地说服了她。
( D )5. A. took up B. took in
C. took off D. took on
【解析】 考查动词短语。句意：从那一刻起，她的生活呈现出新面貌。根据下文Sylvia 参加女童子军后的经历可知，她的生活确实有了新的变化。
( C )6. A. political B. cultural
C. financial D. religious
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上下文语境可知，通过销售饼干，女孩们了解到与经济有关的基础知识。
( A )7. A. start B. way
C. head D. vote
【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“basic 6 knowledge”可知，了解基础知识应该是个开始。此处start 是名词，意为“(谋生、事业等)开始；起步”。
( B )8. A. allocating B. selling
C. making D. tasting
【解析】 考查动词。句意：Sylvia Acevedo 挨家挨户地向所有的邻居销售饼干。
( D )9. A. campaign B. figure
C. programme D. technique
【解析】 考查名词。根据下文中的“you never leave the side of a sale 10 you’ve heard ‘no’ three times， and to this day she 11 by that”可知，团队的队长是在告诉她销售技巧。
( C )10. A. after B. while
C. until D. since
【解析】 考查连词。根据上文中的“never”可知，此处考查固定结构never…until，意为“直到……才”。
( A )11. A. lives B. gets
C. passes D. judges
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格前的“to this day”可知，此处指现在她还在奉行这个销售技巧。live by 意为“奉行；按照(某信念或原则)生活”，为固定短语。
( C )12. A. gradually B. hopefully
C. closely D. loosely
【解析】 考查副词。根据上下文语境可知，女孩们在童子军中学到的东西与她们后来掌握的工作技能密切相关。
( A )13. A. pointed out B. ruled out
C. sorted out D. brought out
【解析】 考查动词短语。句意：她的队长指出了北斗七星、小北斗星和几个行星。此处指队长给她指出了都有些什么样的星星。
( D )14. A. satisfaction B. association
C. combination D. fascination
【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“…saw her looking up at the stars—she didn’t know that there were planets”可知，Sylvia对星星是很着迷的。
( C )15. A. dream B. promise
C. lesson D. standard
【解析】 考查名词。根据上下文语境并结合常识可知，这些品质都是通过学习童子军的课程才能获得，最终才有可能把它们与实际生活联系起来。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
What a Scientist Is Like
If you were asked to imagine a scientist， what image would come to your mind？ The common idea that most kids from kindergarten to college have of a scientist is a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair， big glasses， and several glass cups of mysterious colourful liquid giving off clouds of smoke. As for adults， the majority view scientists as strange people who spend 100 hours a week slaving away (辛苦地工作) in a lonely laboratory. However， the reality is quite different.
Recently， I’ve had a chance to take part in a scientific experience far from my laboratory and into Costa Rica. It supports a huge amount of wildlife due to its geographical placement between North and South America. It is home to more than 500，000 species， which represent nearly 4 percent of the total species worldwide！
First， we worked alongside conservationists to preserve wildlife at a leatherback turtle (棱皮龟) rescue centre. We helped the volunteers preserve turtle populations by removing rubbish from the shoreline to create a safe environment for turtle eggs to hatch. After that we stayed at Mount Arenal where we studied seismic activity relating to earthquakes. During our stay at Arenal， we rode over the mountainous areas and took a long walk through the rainforest. After reaching the top， we went down and through waterfalls to the beautiful valley below！ On the last day we got an impressive introduction to rocket science where we learnt about new rocket technology that will be used on the international space station.
From my Costa Rica experience， I know that being a scientist doesn’t mean working in a lab all day and night. A scientist is one who loves learning and getting a better understanding of the world through helping preserve wildlife， learning about earthquakes or inventing rockets. I think that schools should really stress that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals. Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring！
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过描写自己的亲身经历，让读者了解到科学家的另一面，从而更加深入地理解科学家们工作的意义，埋下探索科学奥秘的种子。
( C )1. According to Paragraph 1， scientists are often believed .
A. to work as slaves
B. to behave in a strange way
C. to spend too much time in labs
D. to do experiments in messy labs
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “As for adults， the majority view scientists as strange people who spend 100 hours a week slaving away (辛苦地工作) in a lonely laboratory.”可知，大多数人认为科学家是每周在冷清的实验室里，辛苦工作100个小时的怪人。
( B )2. The author helped to preserve the turtle populations by .
A. creating a safe nest for turtles
B. picking up rubbish on the shoreline
C. collecting the turtle eggs on the beach
D. finding a comfortable environment for turtles
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “We helped the volunteers preserve turtle populations by removing rubbish from the shoreline to create a safe environment for turtle eggs to hatch.” 可知，作者通过清除海岸线上的垃圾来帮助志愿者保护海龟种群。
( B )3. What does the author learn about science from his experience？
A. Science is full of boring experiments.
B. Science is more than working in a lab.
C. Science is related to mysterious liquids.
D. Science is about wildlife and earthquakes.
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “From my Costa Rica experience， I know that being a scientist doesn’t mean working in a lab all day and night.” 可知，哥斯达黎加的这次经历让作者明白了作为一名科学家，并不意味着整天在实验室里工作。
( A )4. Why does the author write this passage？
A. To encourage kids to study science.
B. To tell the story of travelling in Costa Rica.
C. To expect more people to travel in Costa Rica.
D. To share the secrets behind science phenomena.
【解析】写作意图题。根据最后一段中的“I think that schools should…science can bring！”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励孩子们进行科学探索。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Please stand to one side. You’re c asting your shadow over my work.
2. It is strongly suggested that measures be taken by the government to forbid factories to p our waste into rivers.
3. He is always finding f ault with me， which makes me upset.
4. Their duty is to d efend their country against both domestic and foreign enemies’ attacks.
5. She demonstrated excellent leadership (leader) during the crisis.
6. She brilliantly (brilliant) presented her findings to the audience.
7. The new c oncept of science is gaining popularity.
8. It’s helpful to have c oncrete examples of how words are used in context.
9. The artist’s work is too a bstract for most people to understand.
10. The shifting (shift) market trends require constant attention.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
have a great impact on break out
switch…to… in charge of
discourage…from… trace back to
come down with dream about
above all point out
1. He predicted that war would break out in the next few years.
2. The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper.
3. We tried to discourage him from climbing the mountain without a guide.
4. The soldiers often dreamt about their family and friends at home at that time.
5. I hate him， above all ， for the way he treats to people.
6. He came down with pneumonia (肺炎) last week.
7. It is time to switch the talks to a different subject.
8. The development of the airport and port had a great impact on them when they arrived in the country.
9. The friendly intercourse (往来) between our two countries can be traced back to last century.
10. The teacher pointed out the mistakes in my composition yesterday.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
【归纳拓展】
pour down (雨)倾盆而下
pour in/into (人或物)大量涌入
pour sth into sth 将某物倒入某物
pour sth out 倒出某物；倾诉(情感)
pour cold water on sth 对……泼冷水
pour money/resources into sth
将大量资金/资源投入……
【即学即练】
(1)她倒了一杯茶给我。
She poured a cup of tea for me.
(2)大雨倾盆而下，我们不得不取消野餐计划。
The rain poured down ， and we had to cancel our picnic plans.
(3)人们纷纷涌入广场庆祝胜利。
People poured in/into the square to celebrate the victory.
(4)公司投入了大量资金开发新产品。
The company poured a great deal of money into developing new products.
(5)他向她倾诉了自己的烦恼。
He poured out his troubles to her.
2. ★defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 defendant n.被告人；被告
【归纳拓展】
defend the law 维护法律
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
defend one’s title/championship 卫冕冠军
defend sb/sth against/from sth
保护某人/某物免受……侵害
defend one’s actions 为自己的行为辩护
defend one’s position/opinion
为自己的立场/观点辩护
【即学即练】
(1)士兵们誓死保卫国家。
The soldiers vowed to defend their country at all costs.
(2)他为自己被指控的行为进行了辩护。
He defended his actions against the accusations.
(3)这位律师在法庭上为被告进行了有力的辩护。
The lawyer defended the defendant vigorously in court.
(4)她为自己的观点进行了有力的辩护。
She defended her opinion with strong arguments.
(5)这支球队正在努力卫冕冠军。
The team is working hard to defend their title/championship .
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句：Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
点睛：比较级与否定词连用时，表示肯定意义。
【即学即练】
(1)我从没有过比这更心烦的日子。
I have never spent a more worrying day.
(2)《西游记》这本书再有趣不过了。
There’s nothing more interesting than the book Journey to the West.
(3)那天的天气再糟糕不过了。
The weather couldn’t be worse that day.
(4)这道菜再美味不过了。
This dish couldn’t be more delicious .
(5)他的演讲再精彩不过了。
His speech was nothing more impressive .
2. 原句：When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not？…”
点睛：当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，从句可以同时省略主语和be动词。如果状语从句中有it is时，it is可以同时省略。状语从句省略后的句式有连词＋doing、连词＋done、连词＋to do、连词＋介词短语、连词＋形容词、连词＋名词。
【即学即练】
用括号内单词的适当形式填空
(1)Look out for cars when crossing (cross) the street.
(2)They sent us much more materials than required (require).
(3)If heated (heat) to a higher tempera-ture， water will be turned into steam.
(4)He opened his mouth as if to say (say) something to me.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
As a kid， Joanna Buckley wasn’t interested in science—until she had a chance to try it. That happened when she got a chemistry set for Christmas.
“Over the course of a few weeks， I’d completed every experiment. But in the process， I polluted my parents’ dining room carpet and burnt the kitchen worktop with the spirit burner，” she says.
Now science is Buckley’s job. She works in the chemistry department at the University of Sheffield in England. “I realise， first-hand， how important it is to have something or someone to show you why science is great，” she says. Now the good news is that citizen science has appeared.
Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckley’s at-home chemistry kit. That’s because these experiments are real， looking for novel answers.
“Compared with a one-off experiment， what’s cool about citizen science is that students get it—that this has a purpose，” says Prunuske， who teaches microbiology and immunology at a medical college. “Students want to do a good job， because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their own research.”
Jennifer Long’s job is to coordinate (协调) education and outreach. She agrees with Prunuske. “Kids like that it’s real. And they like that it’s important， that it matters.” Citizen-science projects have made big discoveries. One found a previously unknown galaxy cluster (星系团). Another project helped assess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan. And one of the first citizen-science projects helped scientists learn where monarch butterflies go every winter.
“Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science. That’s one reason they hope that fun， exciting citizen-science projects can help them keep engaged，” Long says. And she has some evidence that it’s working. “Last year， we did have a couple of students say， ‘I really think I want to be a scientist now.’”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“公民科学”项目，该项目可以使青少年对科学保持兴趣。
( A )1. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2？
A. To support the viewpoint that trials can make teens interested in science.
B. To prove that failure is the mother of success in science.
C. To state that Buckley has a talent for science.
D. To praise Buckley for her strong will.
【解析】理解目的题。根据第一段中的“Joanna Buckley wasn’t interested in science—until she had a chance to try it”及第二段中的“Over the course of a few weeks， I’d completed every experiment…”可知，Buckley对科学并不感兴趣，直到她有机会尝试做实验。第二段的目的是支持第一段实验可以使青少年对科学感兴趣的观点。
( A )2. Why is citizen science more fun？
A. It needs to seek for new solutions.
B. It carries out experiments frequently.
C. It must carry out experiments in groups.
D. It demands to handle complex problems.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“That’s because these experiments are real， looking for novel answers.”可知，“公民科学”更有趣的原因是它需要寻求新的解决办法。
( C )3. What can we know from what Prunuske says？
A. She participates in the experiment.
B. She takes pride in what students took up.
C. Citizen science is popular with students.
D. Scientists are willing to employ students.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Compared with a one-off experiment， what’s cool about citizen science is that…”及第六段中的“She agrees with Prunuske. ‘Kids like that it’s real. And they like that it’s important…’”可知，学生喜欢“公民科学”，即“公民科学”受到学生们的欢迎。
( B )4. What is Long’s attitude towards citizen science？
A. Concerned.
B. Supportive.
C. Doubtful.
D. Unclear.
【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“That’s one reason they hope that fun， exciting citizen-science projects can help them keep engaged…”可知，Long对“公民科学”的态度是支持的。
Ⅵ. 阅读七选五
Characteristics of an Excellent Scientist
The Free Dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences， especially natural science or physical science. 1 Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity.
2 Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. If a scientist doesn’t have the drive to ask questions or even wonder， then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience.
3 There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education in science， you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification (即时满足) type of person， this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的) qualities.
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good， a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment and living things， since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest. 4
Working habits.
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation， keeping it in mind and recording it. 5 He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A. Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
B. An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D. However， that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.
E. He/She can work well alone or in groups， depending on what’s needed.
F. To make discoveries in human knowledge， you have to think differently.
G. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
1. C
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“The Free Dictionary defines a scientist as…”可知，空格处会提到对“科学家”这一名词的定义，选项C“它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人”符合语境。
2. B
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据本段小标题Curiosity可知，空格处会提到科学家们具备的特征之一就是要有好奇心，选项B“优秀的科学家必须对事物保持强烈的好奇心”符合语境。
3. A
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据本段小标题Patience及下文中的“There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.”可知，没有什么职业比成为一名科学家花费的时间更长，空格处会提到成为科学家需要很长一段时间，选项A“成为一名科学家需要很长时间”符合语境。
4. D
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest.”可知，坚持一种与证据相悖的信念是不诚实的，选项D“然而，没有强有力的证据就不应改变这种信念”承接上文。
5. E
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据本段小标题Working habits及下文中的“He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally.”可知，空格处会提到一种工作习惯和方式，选项E“他/她既能独立工作，也能团队协作，视需求而定”符合语境。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 完形填空
“Mum， can I invite my classmate Brett over to stay tomorrow night， please？ It’s Friday， and we don’t have any 1 . Can I， please？” Mum was sitting at the kitchen table. Dad was asleep next to her， resting his head on his arms. Mum could 2 that James wanted so badly to have his friend over.
“I’m so sorry， James，” she said.
“I’m never allowed to have friends come to the house. Why， Mum？” James asked sadly， almost in 3 .
“I know it’s 4 for you，” Mum said softly. “But I’m just worried other people might think we’re a little…strange. And then they would make fun of you.”
“No， they wouldn’t， Mum，” James protested. “We’re not 5 at all. We’re just ordinary people.”
Mum sighed heavily. “To tell you the truth， James， my neck has been so painful that it’s given me a heavy headache. And your poor father—he doesn’t feel 6 . He really needs a rest.”
“I can help， Mum！” James said. “ 7 I can make you and Dad feel better， can Brett come over？ Please？”
“Well…” Mum began.
“Great！ Thanks， Mum！” James almost shouted. “Just sit there， don’t move.” He rushed over to the kitchen drawer and 8 what he needed—two spanners (扳手). “Hang on， Mum，” he said. “This won’t take a second.” After some 9 ， James was finished. With a smile of 10 on his face he said， “There！ How does that feel？” “Oh， James，” Mum said. “That’s much better！ How did you do it？”
“Easy，” James said 11 . “Dad had tightened your neck bolts (螺栓) too much！ I just 12 them slightly！ I learnt that in robotic science at school.”
“What about your father？ Can you help him？” asked Mum.
“I’ll try，” James replied. He 13 up Dad’s hair at the back of his neck， and plugged the electric wire into Dad’s head. Then he turned the power on. Dad opened his eyes and 14 immediately. “He just let his battery run too low. That’s all，” James said. “Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow？”
“I guess so，” replied Mum. “Your friends will just have to 15 that we are a very unusual family. Thanks， son！”
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了机器人男孩James请求妈妈同意自己邀请同学来家做客的故事。起初妈妈因担心James遭受嘲笑而拒绝了，为了说服妈妈，James对机器人父母进行了“维修”，最终获得了妈妈的同意。
( C )1. A. chance B. message
C. homework D. difficulty
【解析】 考查名词。根据空格前的“my classmate Brett” 及 “It’s Friday” 并结合常识可知，James是学生，周五他很可能是没有家庭作业的。
( B )2. A. explain B. see
C. agree D. doubt
【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的 “Can I， please？” 可知，此处表示妈妈可以看出James很迫切地想让他的朋友来家做客。
( B )3. A. terror B. tears
C. surprise D. silence
【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“I’m so sorry”及“James asked sadly”可知，妈妈拒绝了James的请求， 所以他很伤心，几乎都要哭了。
( D )4. A. fair B. easy
C. good D. hard
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上下文语境可知，James遭到妈妈的拒绝，不能邀请同学来玩，这对他来说很难接受。
( A )5. A. strange B. normal
C. popular D. anxious
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的“But I’m just worried other people might think we’re a little…strange.” 可知，妈妈觉得他们相比于常人来说是奇怪的。James却对这一想法给予了否定。
( D )6. A. ill B. funny
C. sorry D. well
【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格后的“He really needs a rest.”可知，此处表示爸爸也感觉不舒服，需要休息。
( B )7. A. As B. If
C. Since D. Before
【解析】 考查连词。根据逻辑可知，此处表示假设，意为“如果我能让你和爸爸感觉好点”。
( C )8. A. kept B. controlled
C. found D. returned
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格前的 “He rushed over to the kitchen drawer” 可知，他冲到厨房抽屉前是为了找东西。
( C )9. A. requests B. thoughts
C. repairs D. instructions
【解析】 考查名词。根据上下文语境可知， James对机器人妈妈进行了“修理”。此处表示在一番修理以后。
( B )10. A. sympathy B. satisfaction
C. bitterness D. politeness
【解析】 考查名词。根据上下文语境可知，James在帮妈妈解决了问题之后，应该会感觉很满意。
( D )11. A. gratefully B. embarrassedly
C. impatiently D. proudly
【解析】 考查副词。根据上文中的 “‘Oh， James，’ Mum said. ‘That’s much better！ How did you do it？’”及James的回答“Easy”可知，在妈妈表扬了James之后，他当然会感到很自豪。
( A )12. A. adjusted B. collected
C. produced D. covered
【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“Dad had tightened your neck bolts (螺栓) too much！”可知，James会把螺栓调节得松一点。
( A )13. A. lifted B. caught
C. gave D. filled
【解析】 考查动词。句意：James掀起爸爸后脑勺上的头发， 把电线插进爸爸的脑袋里。lift up意为“举起；拿起”，为固定搭配。
( D )14. A. grew up B. lay down
C. broke down D. sat up
【解析】 考查动词短语。根据空格前的“Dad opened his eyes”可知，刚才爸爸在睡觉， 在充电之后他坐起来了。
( D )15. A. prove B. expect
C. suspect D. accept
【解析】 考查动词。通读全文可知，因为James一家是机器人，所以他们需要被普通人接受。
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
What are the biggest problems that society will have to deal with in the new age？ There are diseases like AIDS and cancer. There’s climate change， of course. And what about producing enough cheap food and energy for the world’s growing population？ Who’s going to solve all these terrible problems？ Yes， politicians and world leaders will have a big part to play. Yes， businesses will need to create economic wealth to pay for some of these things. But who’s going to make a much greater difference to something like AIDS or climate change？ It’s going to be a scientist. It is the scientist who can turn some new bits of science into a new technology to solve these problems.
If you like thinking about the world around you， why not become a scientist？ It doesn’t mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses or spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine！ Scientists do all kinds of amazing things that are actually interesting！
Military scientists develop not only new weapons but new military technologies that could help make wars out of date. Forensic (法医的) scientists work with the police to find quite small clues to catch criminals. Scientists work in schools and colleges as the teachers and professors who will train tomorrow’s scientists. Don’t think a scientist is far away！ Maybe you like cooking？ You could be a food technologist helping to keep fruit and vegetables fresher for longer. Perhaps sport is your thing？ Do you know that most top athletes work with sports scientists in order to improve their performance？ You could even be the science writer who gets to spend the life studying the latest advances and sharing them with the world.
Looking for something to do for the rest of your life？ My advice？ Take a long and hard look at science. It is interesting and ever.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在新时代必须解决的重大问题，并且指出科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。作者还指出，其实每个人都可以成为某个领域的科学家。
( D )1. Many problems are mentioned in Paragraph 1 to .
A. suggest they are impossible to be solved
B. introduce the causes of these problems
C. show the writer’s worry about the future world
D. show scientists play an important part in solving them
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But who’s going to make a much greater difference…It’s going to be a scientist.” 可知，第一段中提到的很多问题是为了说明科学家在解决这些问题上起着重要作用。
( C )2. What is needed to solve these problems？
A. Advanced weapons.
B. Enough energy.
C. New technologies.
D. Growing populations.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It is the scientist who can turn some new bits of science into a new technology to solve these problems.”可知，这些问题的解决需要科学家将一些科学原理转化为新的技术。
( B )3. Most people think the life of scientists is .
A. amazing B. boring
C. colourful D. unreal
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It doesn’t mean you have to wear a white coat and plastic glasses or spend all your time in a lab as most people often imagine！” 可知，多数人认为科学家的生活是刻板无聊的。
Ⅲ. 书面表达
论科学精神
文体感知
导读：评论科学精神是新课程标准中的写作要求之一，主要是对科学家重要事迹、贡献以及他们身上所体现的科学精神、闪光点等进行评价。
【素材】
你校将举行以“Scientific Spirit”为主题的征文比赛，请你用英语写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 你对科学精神的理解；
2. 科学精神的作用；
3. 科学精神在日常生活中的应用。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 议论文
话题 科学精神
时态 一般现在时为主
人称 第一人称为主
【词汇】
1. 在我看来
in my view/in my opinion/from my perspective
2. 取得杰出成就/作出重大贡献
achieve remarkable success/make significant contributions
3. 对……的奉献 dedication to…/commitment to…
4. 带来；促成 lead to/result in
5. 在……中起到关键作用 play a key/crucial role in
【句式】
亮点句式
☆ It is widely recognised that…/It is common knowledge that…
☆ If it had not been for…/Without…， …would not have…
☆ It was…that…
☆ Only in this way/Only by doing so can we…
1. 完成句子
(1)这些品质促成了袁隆平杂交水稻的培育。
These qualities led to the development of Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice.
(2)杂交水稻在抗击全球饥饿中起到至关重要的作用。
Hybrid rice has played a crucial role in combating global hunger .
2. 句式升级
强调“这些品质”，将第1小题中的句(1)改为强调句，并用非限制性定语从句连接第1小题中的句(1)和句(2)。
It was these qualities that led to the development of Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice， which has played a crucial role in combating global hunger.
【妙笔成篇】
In my view， the essence of scientific spirit lies in noble qualities like dedication， perseverance， hard work， and creativity. It is widely recognised that many great scientists around the world have achieved remarkable success thanks to these qualities.
For example， without Qian Xuesen’s dedication to missile and rocket research， China would not have achieved its current global influence. Similarly， it was these qualities that led to the development of Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice， which has played a crucial role in combating global hunger.
As students， we should embody these qualities in our daily lives and studies. When encountering challenges， we should face them head-on rather than give up. Only by doing so can we achieve success and contribute to society in the future.
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. n.(－ion结尾)＋－ious→adj.
infection→ infectious adj.传染性的； 感染的
ambition→ ambitious adj.有野心的； 有雄心的
caution→ cautious adj.谨慎的
nutrition→ nutritious adj.有营养的
religion→ religious adj.宗教的
suspicion→ suspicious adj.怀疑的
2. v.＋－ing→n.
find→ finding n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
think→ thinking n.思想；思维；见解
suffer→ suffering n.痛苦；折磨；苦难
feel→ feeling n.感觉；感触；想法
begin→ beginning n.开头；开端
build→ building n.建筑
paint→ painting n.油画；绘画
3. n.(－c/－ce结尾)＋－al→adj.
mechanic→ mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
logic→ logical adj.符合逻辑的
critic→ critical adj.批评的；批判性的；挑剔的
magic→ magical adj.有魔力的；用于巫术的
music→ musical adj.音乐的
practice→ practical adj.实际的
4. v.＋－(a)nt→n.(指人)
assist→ assistant n.助理；助手
participate→ participant n.参与者；参加者
account→ accountant n.会计；会计师
immigrate→ immigrant n.移民
serve→ servant n.仆人
inhabit→ inhabitant n.居民；栖息动物
5. n.＋－ship→n.
leader→ leadership n.领导；领导地位；领导才能
friend→ friendship n.友谊；朋友关系
citizen→ citizenship n.公民权利；公民资格；公民身份
relation→ relationship n.(亲属)关系
member→ membership n.成员资格
partner→ partnership n.伙伴关系
6. in＋n.＋of→介词短语
in charge of 主管；掌管
【in＋n.＋of短语拓展】
in possession of 拥有；占有
in memory of 为了纪念
in honour of 为了庆祝；为了纪念
in celebration of 为了庆祝
in favour of 支持；赞成
in need of 需要
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
in praise of 为了表彰
7. break＋adv.→不及物动词短语
break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情) 突然开始；爆发
【break＋adv.短语拓展】
break away 挣脱；逃脱；摆脱
bread down (机器或车辆)出故障；(人身体)垮掉；(关系)破裂；分解
break in 闯入；破门而入；打断；插嘴
break off 折断；(使)断开；突然中止
break through 有新的重大发现；突破
break up (使)分裂；(被)拆分；分手；(使)解散；放假
8. come＋adv.→不及物动词短语
come down 流传下来；下降
【come＋adv.短语拓展】
come up 被提到；即将发生
come through 传来；(重病后)康复；实现诺言
come about 发生
come across 偶遇；给人……印象；被理解
come by 来访；设法得到
come on 快点；得啦；好啦
come out 出版；发行；(太阳、月亮或星星)出现
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. I’m feeling rather frustrated in my present frustrating job.(frustrate)
2. Words can have m ultiple meanings in different contexts.
3. Despite the intervention (intervene) of the international community， the two countries were unable to settle their differences once and for all.
4. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
5. By pure (纯粹的) chance he found the rare book he needed in a little shop.
6. New economic development policies led to s ubstantial and rapid growth.
7. Transformation (transform) is not only a choice， but also a strategy.
8. The block of office buildings was built of c oncrete on a steel f ramework .
9. After it p oured for half an hour， a beautiful r ainbow appeared in the sky.
10. Can you explain that a bstract theory with specific examples？
11. There were so many customers that the shop a ssistant(s) couldn’t attend to them all.
12. Relax as much as possible and keep breathing steadily (steady).
13. He presented a new c oncept of the origins of the universe.
14. I can’t find fault with the new restaurant： the food is good and the service is excellent.
15. He s hifted the case from one hand to the other during that meeting.
16. The report is vividly (vivid) written and very moving.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 在智能制造车间，每条生产线的前端都配有显示屏，显示包括日常任务、订单完成数量和工作进度在内的生产线信息。工作人员扫描二维码来跟踪订单。与以前的手写工单相比，这不仅节省了时间，而且有助于实现100％的准确率。
In the smart manufacturing workshop， the front end of every production line is equipped with a display screen， which shows information about the production lines， including daily tasks ， the number of completed orders and work progress . Workers scan a QR code to track pared with handwritten work orders previously， this not only saves time ， but also helps in achieving 100 percent accuracy .
2. 随着健康成为越来越多的年轻人的追求，一股“新中式养生”潮流席卷了社交媒体平台。养生不再是中老年人的专有名词。面对激烈的教育和职业竞争，90后和00后已经开始了守护健康的旅程。
As wellness becomes a pursuit of more and more young people， a trend known as “New Chinese-style Wellness” has taken over social media platforms . Wellness is no longer a term exclusive to the middle-aged and elderly. Faced with intense competition in education and their careers， those born in the 1990s and 2000s have already embarked on a journey to safeguard their health .
3. 1610年，伽利略，一位有天赋的著名意大利天文学家，用自己发明的望远镜发现了木星的四颗卫星。这一发现为哥白尼学说提供了确凿的证据。在当时，哥白尼的理论和教会的理论是相对立的，因而最初许多科学家都不赞同他的思想。
In 1610， Galileo， a gifted famous Italian astronomer ， discovered the four moons of Jupiter with the telescope he invented. The finding provided solid proof for Copernican theory . At that time， Copernicus’s theory was contradictory to the Church’s. So initially many scientists didn’t subscribe to his thinking .
4. 医生建议要吃富含蛋白质和维生素的食品，不吃垃圾食品和生冷食品，这样做能预防细菌侵害我们的健康。
Doctors recommend eating foods rich in protein and vitamins rather than junk food， raw and cold food， which can prevent germs from harming our health.
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. What he really means is that he disagrees with us.
2. The energy is what makes the cells able to do their work.
3. This is how it happened.
4. It was when I was thirteen that I entered the No.1 Middle School.
5. The reason why he has been such a success is that he never gives up.
6. Our village is no longer what it was over twenty years ago.
7. The problem is who we can get to take the place of Ted.
8. The question is whether he really needs our help.
9. The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.
10. The doubt is who has got away with the document.
11. He looked as if/though he was ill.
12. The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.
13. Tom left immediately. That’s because he only had 10 minutes to get to his next job！
14. The question is whether we will have our sports meet next week.
15. That is why we were late last time.
16. That is where Lu Xun once lived.
